academic pep a ration vs real world of pharmacy practice 2222

8/8/2019 Academic Pep a Ration vs Real World of Pharmacy Practice 2222

1/23

1

Academic Preparationvs.

Real World of Pharmacy Practice

Group members: Abda PopperDan LiIvan WatsonRicardo Pinelo


2/23

2

Academic Requirements for a

Pharmacist in BelizeT he title Pharmacist by law should only apply to those who havehad the proper educational training in the area of Pharmacologyand its related subjects, and who have successfully completed the

3-year-long course at the University of Belize or any otherrecognized school of Pharmacy in Belize, the Caribbean, or anyother country for that matter.

T o be a pharmacist in the country of Belize, a student is required

to complete a 110 credit hour program at the University of Belizeor any other institution in the following courses:


3/23

3

General Core Requirements

* ENGL 111 College English 1 3

* ENGL 112 College English II 3

* HIST 201 Belizean History 3

* SPAN 111 Intermediate Spanish 3

Science and Mathematics

* CHEM 124 Introduction to OrganicChemistry and Biochemistry I . 4

* CMPS 140 Introduction to Computers . 3

* MATH 121 Intermediate Algebra . 3

* ALHL 299 Health Education andPrimary Health Care . 2


4/23

4

Social Science

* MGMT 101 Introduction to Business . 3

Others

* GSTU 101 Study Skills . 1

PROFESSIONAL CORE REQUIREMEN T S

* PHAR 101 Introduction to Pharmacy . 2

* PHAR 102 Pharmaceutical Calculations . 3

* PHAR 201 Clinical Microbiology . 3

* PHAR 20 3 Compounding andManufacturing I . 4


5/23


6/23

6

Supporting Professional Core Requirements* BIOL 121 General Biology I . 3

* BIOL 204 Human Anatomy andPhysiology I . 3

* BIOL 20 5 Human Anatomy andPhysiology II . 3

* CHEM 121 General Chemistry I . 4> Grand Total .................................... 110 Sem. Cr. Hrs.

After the completion of the courses at the University of Belize, theindividual is reviewed by the Pharmacy Board of Belize. Upon

successfully passing the Boards, the pharmacist is issued a certificate for their achievement and must also register as Pharmacist or Chemist andDruggist as it is also termed. This certificate is required by law to bedisplayed in full view for the public to see in the place or establishment the

pharmacist is practicing.


7/23

7

Academic Preparation in The CaribbeanThe most striking fact about pharmacy practice in the Caribbean is thedifferent levels of education acceptance to practice Pharmacy in eachcountry.

In some Caribbean countries a bachelor's degree is compulsory (e.g.Jamaica), in others an associate degree, diploma or even just acertificate is all that is necessary (e.g. Grenada). Since each individual

jurisdiction decides its own requirements for pharmacy practice, theCAP has until now only been able to make recommendations and

suggestions. Indeed, the debate as to what is an acceptable minimumeducation level is one that is taking place within the CAP. This is notsurprising given that several national members of the CAP have amajority of pharmacists qualified below degree level.


8/23

8

In addition to that, only Trinidad and Tobago, Jamaica and Guyana offer or expect degree level pharmacy courses. Therefore students would haveto leave their own country or island to pursue their pharmacy education todegree level. Politicians and pharmacy leaders in some states may have

been reluctant to take up an agenda that might alienate not only the bulk of pharmacists but also their own colleges of education that offer diplomas or

certificates in pharmacy. The issue of self-sufficiency is a matter of both pride and economics for individual states world-wide.

Another factor that probably has blocked progress is that of wage control.It has been suggested that politicians consider it unwise To encourage

pharmacists to gain a better education and then demand higher wages.


9/23

9

Some of the better qualified pharmacists

may also consider it better that, so as long as they are "rare birdsthey can expect better positions and better incomes, and so for them it would be best to maintain the status quote.Also, should the majority of Caribbean pharmacists gain higher qualifications, this could lead to increased emigration as theywould have internationally recognized qualifications; this wouldexacerbate the manpower problems already faced. The debatehas therefore been whether to raise standards or just level themout.


10/23

10

Academic Preparations in The USAIn USA, the role of pharmacists is reflected in every gallop pollconducted. Pharmacists are rated higher in terms of ethical standards,than physicians, dentists and professors.

In USA a pharmacy graduate has to pass an examination for licensureto practice pharmacy. You are eligible to work as a pharmacistanywhere in the United States.However, you must be licensed in the state in which you would like towork. Individual states are responsible for issuing their own license to

practice.Therefore, applicants should contact the licensing body in the state inwhich they wish to work, in order to confirm the specific requirementsfor that state.


11/23

11

The Pharm.D. degree program requires...

At least At least 2-Years of preof pre--pharmacy studypharmacy study++ 4-Academic Years of pharmacy studyof pharmacy study

== 6 or more years of study a f ter high sch oo lof study a f ter high sch oo l

The majority of pharmacy students enter the professional program with 3 OR MORE years of (pre-pharmacy) college experience


12/23

12

Outline of Course:Junior Freshman Year PhysiologyCell & molecular biologyBiochemistrySources & characteristics of substances used in medicines

Physicochemical aspects of drugs & biological systemsDiscovery, isolation, separation & analysis of substances used inmedicinesIntroduction to pharmaceutics & formulationsPharmaceutical calculations & data handling

Practice of Pharmacy IOrientation & learning skills & integrated pharmacy studies


13/23

13

Senior Freshman Year

Pharmaceutical properties of materials used in medicinesPhysical pharmacy IIIsolation, separation & analysis of substances used in medicinesFormulation & pharmaceutical technologyMicrobiology, Biochemistry & Veterinary PharmacyPractice of Pharmacy IIProfessional development & career planningPharmaceutical biotechnology IGeneral principles of pharmacology

Molecular pharmacology & chemotherapy


14/23

14

Junior Sophister Year

Medicinal & pharmaceutical chemistry IIINatural sources of drugs & medicinesSterile productsPharmaceutical data analysis & bioinformatics

Practice of pharmacy IIIPharmaceutical biotechnology IIInflammation, endocrine & reproductive pharmacologyRespiratory & gastrointestinal pharmacologyBlood, cardiovascular & renal pharmacology


15/23

15

Senior Sophister Year

Medicinal chemistry IV: Drug design, discovery & developmentHerbal medicinal products & complementary medicineAdvanced drug delivery & future directionsPharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, biopharmaceutics & drugmetabolismPractice of pharmacy IV1Practice of pharmacy IV2Addiction pharmacyNeuropharmacologyPractice of pharmacy IV 3 Electives

Malignant disease, immunopharmacology & pharmacology of the eye


16/23

16

Licensing and Certification Processes

in BelizeNo person shall be entitled to be registered under the Chemist andDruggist Act as a Chemist or Druggist unless he is 1 8 years and aboveand gives proof to the satisfaction of the Board of Examiners thathe/she is a person of good character, and is entitled to be registered inGreat Britain or Northern Ireland as a Chemist and Druggist or asPharmaceutical Chemist, or is the lawful holder of a diploma or certificate from a pharmaceutical school for the time being recognized

by the Board as furnishing a sufficient guarantee of the possession of the requisite knowledge and skill for conducting the business of chemist and druggist and proves to the satisfaction of the Board that heis the lawful holder of such diploma or certificate, or was at the date of coming into operation of the Chemist and Druggist Act, carrying on, inBelize, the business of a Chemist and Druggist, or has been actuallyengaged and employed without interruption for a period not less thanthree years


17/23

17

as a dispenser to a registered Medical Practitioner or assistant to aChemist and Druggist in Belize, or at any public hospital Dispensary, thelast year of which being devoted to dispensing, and has obtained acertificate from the Board that he/she has successfully passed theexamination.

All Pharmacists trained either locally or abroad are required to pass thePharmacy Board Examination before they can be registered to practice inBelize.

The purpose of the examination is to ensure that all Pharmacists possessthe requisite knowledge and skills to provide an acceptable level of

Pharmacy practice in the evolving patient care environment.


18/23

18


in The CaribbeanMinimum T raining and Experience of an Associates Degree inmost Caribbean country and a minimum of a Bachelors Degree insome countries like Jamaica and T rinidad and T obago.

Candidates should have:

BSc. in Pharmacy from UWI or a recognized university.Possession of a pharmacist License recognized by the PharamacyBoard of a Caribbean country.Any equivalent combination of T raining and Experience


19/23

19


in the USAIndividual states are responsible for issuing their own license to

practice. Applicants should contact the licensing body in the state inwhich they wish to work, in order to confirm the specific requirementsfor that state.The basic process for licensure involves: completing a program from acollege of pharmacy that is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE); completing the state's internshiprequirements; passing the North American Pharmacist Licensure Exam(NAPLEX); passing a jurisprudence exam. Specifically, 44 states andthe District of Columbia require that applicants pass the MultistatePharmacy Jurisprudence Exam (MPJE), while those states that do notrequire the MPJE have their own law exam. Both the NAPLEX andMPJE are administered by the National Association Boards of Pharmacy (NABP). Note: Some states have additional exams that areunique to their jurisdiction.


20/23

20

Graduates of foreign pharmacy schools may also qualify for licensure insome U.S. States and territories. These individuals must apply for certification from the Foreign Pharmacy Graduate Examination Committee(FPGEC). Once certified, they must pass the Foreign Pharmacy GraduateEquivalency Examination (FPGEE), Test of English as a ForeignLanguage (TOEFL) exam, and Test of Spoken English (TSE) exam. They

then must pass all of the exams required by the licensing jurisdiction, suchas the NAPLEX and MJPE .


21/23

21

PHARMACIST IN SOCIETYA Pharmacist distributes prescription drugs to individuals. They alsoadvise their patients, as well as physicians and other health

practitioners, on the selection, dosages, interactions, and side effects of medications. Pharmacists monitor the health and progress of patients toensure the safe and effective use of medication. Compoundingtheactual mixing of ingredients to form medicationsis a small part of a

pharmacists practice, because most medicines are produced by pharmaceutical companies in a standard dosage and drug deliveryform. Most pharmacists work in a community setting, such as a retaildrugstore, or in a health care facility, such as a hospital, nursing home,mental health institution, or neighborhood health clinic.


22/23

22

PHARMACIS T IN A COMMUNI TY

Pharmacists in community pharmacies dispense medications, counsel patients on the use of prescription and over-the-counter medications, andadvise physicians about patients medication therapy. They also advise

patients about general health topics such as diet, exercise, and stressmanagement, and provide information on products such as durable

medical equipment or home health care supplies.

PHARMACIS T IN HEAL T H CARE FACILI T IES

Pharmacists in health care facilities dispense medications and advise themedical staff on the selection and effects of drugs. They may make sterilesolutions to be administered intravenously. They also plan, monitor andevaluate drug programs or regimens. They may counsel hospitalized

patients on the use of drugs before the patients are discharged


23/23

23

PHARMACIST PRINCIPLE GOAL

The principal goal of pharmaceutical care is to achieve positive outcomesfrom the use of medication that improves patients' quality of life. Theseoutcomes include: 1) cure of a disease; 2) elimination or reduction of symptoms; 3) arresting or slowing a disease process; 4) prevention of disease; 5) diagnosis of disease; and 6) desired alterations inphysiological processes, all with minimum risk to patients. Pharmacistsare professionals, uniquely prepared and available, committed to public

service and to the achievement of this goal.

DUTIES OF A PHARMACIST IN SOCIETY

Educate patients about prescription and over-the-counter medications.Advise other health care professionals on drug decisions for patients.Provide expertise about the composition of drugs, including chemical,

biological, and physical properties, as well as on use.Ensure drug purity and strength.Ensure drugs do not interact in a harmful way.

academic pep a ration vs real world of pharmacy practice 2222

Documents