ac pam 600 4 basic cadet training handbook
TRANSCRIPT
*Army Cadet Pamphlet 600-4 Personnel - General
Basic Cadet Training Handbook
Headquarters United States Army Cadet Corps Dayton, PA 30 June 2008
AC PAM 600-4 · 30 June 2008
Headquarters *Army Cadet Pamphlet 600–4 United States Army Cadet Corps Dayton, PA 16222-0620 15 June 2008 Effective 30 June 2008
Personnel - General
Basic Cadet Training Handbook
FOR THE COMMANDER: OFFICIAL: JOSEPH M. LAND, SR. Colonel, GS, USAC Chief of Staff GEORGE H. BERGHORN Major, GS, USAC Deputy Chief of Staff for Education and Training History. This is an initial publication and replaces all previous versions of the recruit orientation guide and replaces all publications utilized for recruit training (RT). Summary. This pamphlet updates information that is intended for the development of Recruit Orientation and Basic Cadet Training students. Applicability. This pamphlet is intended as a reference for all Recruit Orientation and Basic Cadet Training students. Proponent and Exception Authority. The proponent of this pamphlet is the Deputy Chief of Staff, G-3 (Training). The proponent has the authority to approve exceptions or waivers to this pamphlet that are consistent with controlling regulations. All waiver requests will be endorsed by the commander or senior leader of the requesting activity and forwarded through higher headquarters to the policy proponent. Supplementation. Supplementation of this regulation and establishment of command and local forms are prohibited. Suggested improvements. Users are invited to send comments and suggested improvements to the DCS, G-3. Distribution. Distribution of this publication is available in electronic media only, and is located on the USAC Homepage at http://www.armycadets.org.
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Contents Paragraph Page Introduction Mission, Vision, and Guiding Principles..................................................... v Forward ..................................................................................................... vi A Note to Parents...................................................................................... vi How to Use This Publication ..................................................................... vii Welcome and What to Expect ................................................................... xi Key Information ......................................................................................... 1 1 General Subjects....................................................................................... 2 2 History of the USAC ............................................................................... 2-1 2 USAC Heritage and Traditions ............................................................... 2-2 5 The Corps of Cadets .............................................................................. 2-3 6 General Knowledge ................................................................................ 2-4 7 Organization of the USAC ...................................................................... 2-5 8 The Chain of Command.......................................................................... 2-6 10 The NCO Support Channel..................................................................... 2-7 11 My Chain of Command........................................................................... 2-8 11 My NCO Support Channel ...................................................................... 2-9 12 Grade Insignia ........................................................................................ 2-10 12 Military Time ........................................................................................... 2-11 15 Customs and Courtesies ........................................................................ 2-12 16 Military Quotations.................................................................................. 2-13 19 Promotions and Cadet Training Program Phases .................................. 2-14 20 Cadet Training Program ......................................................................... 2-15 21 Physical Fitness...................................................................................... 2-16 22 Community Service and Drug Demand Reduction ................................. 2-17 23 Awards and Decorations of the USAC.................................................... 2-18 23 Review Questions................................................................................... 2-19 26 USAC Values ............................................................................................ 3 29 The Cadet Oath ...................................................................................... 3-1 29 The Cadet’s Creed ................................................................................. 3-2 29 The Cadet’s Code................................................................................... 3-3 29 USAC Core Values................................................................................. 3-4 30 Army Values ........................................................................................... 3-5 30 The Cadet Honor Code .......................................................................... 3-6 31 Review Questions................................................................................... 3-7 31 Standards of Conduct................................................................................ 4 34 Cadet Code of Discipline ........................................................................ 4-1 34 Appropriate Behavior.............................................................................. 4-2 36 Alcohol and Drug Abuse......................................................................... 4-3 36 Consideration of Others.......................................................................... 4-4 37 Dignity and Respect ............................................................................... 4-5 37 Building a Positive Attitude ..................................................................... 4-6 37 Ethical Decision Making.......................................................................... 4-7 39 Review Questions................................................................................... 4-8 39 Basic Cadet Skills ..................................................................................... 5 41
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Contents - Continued Paragraph Page Critical Items........................................................................................... 5-1 41 Phonetic Alphabet and Numbers ............................................................ 5-2 41 The Buddy System ................................................................................. 5-3 43 Drill and Ceremonies .............................................................................. 5-4 43 Inspections ............................................................................................. 5-5 48 Personal Appearance and Uniform......................................................... 5-6 50
Uniform Wear and Maintenance ............................................................. 5-7 51 Personal Hygiene ................................................................................... 5-8 52 Guard Duty – General and Special Orders............................................. 5-9 56 Guard Duty – Interior and Exterior ......................................................... 5-10 58 Guard Duty - Reacting to an Inspecting Officer ...................................... 5-11 58 Guard Duty - Challenging Unknown Persons (Night) and Summoning the Commander of the Relief .................................................................... 5-12 59 Review Questions................................................................................... 5-13 59 Basic Marksmanship and Safety ............................................................... 6 62 Basic Rifle and Range Safety ................................................................. 6-1 62 Marksmanship Fundamentals................................................................. 6-2 62 Marksmanship – Firing Positions............................................................ 6-3 68 Review Questions................................................................................... 6-4 69 The Army Cadet Martial Arts Program (TACMAP) .................................... 7 71 Origin and History................................................................................... 7-1 71 Basic Terminology .................................................................................. 7-2 71 Basic Safety Precautions........................................................................ 7-3 71 Belt System ............................................................................................ 7-4 72 Basic Stances......................................................................................... 7-5 73 Review Questions................................................................................... 7-6 74 Basic Field Skills ....................................................................................... 8 75 Field Sanitation and Preventive Medicine Fieldcraft ............................... 8-1 75 Serve as a Member of a Team ............................................................... 8-2 92 Team Formations ................................................................................... 8-3 93 Cover, Concealment, and Camouflage................................................... 8-4 94 Foot Marches and Foot Care.................................................................. 8-5 99 Review Questions................................................................................... 8-6 103 Appendixes A. Cadet Promotion Requirements............................................................ 106 B. Awards and Decorations of the USAC.................................................. 107 C. Cadet Code of Discipline ...................................................................... 109 List of Tables 1-1: Important Contact Information............................................................ 1 1-2: My Unit Information ............................................................................ 1 2-1: USAC General Knowledge................................................................. 7 2-2: USAC and U.S. Army Command Level Organization......................... 9
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Contents - Continued Paragraph Page 2-3: Chain of Command Positions............................................................. 10 2-4: NCO Support Channel Command Positions ...................................... 11 2-5: My Chain of Command ...................................................................... 11 2-6: My NCO Support Channel ................................................................. 12 2-7: Grade Abbreviations .......................................................................... 13 2-8: Time Zone Designations .................................................................... 16 2-9: Military Quotations ............................................................................. 19 5-1: Phonetic Alphabet .............................................................................. 41 5-2: Phonetic Numbers.............................................................................. 42 5-3: Phonetic Number Examples............................................................... 42 7-1: MCJKKD Belt System ........................................................................ 73 8-1: Proper Cold Weather Clothing Guidelines ......................................... 81 8-2: Fire Team Formations........................................................................ 93 8-3: Camouflaging skin.............................................................................. 99 List of Figures 1-1: A Group of Army Cadets Taking a Break From Training.................... 1 2-1: USAC Organizational Lineage ........................................................... 4 2-2: National Leadership Lineage ............................................................. 5 2-3: Army officer Insignia of Grade............................................................ 14 2-4: Army enlisted Insignia of Grade ......................................................... 14 2-5: U.S. Army Cadet Insignia of Grade .................................................... 15 2-6: Military and Civilian Time Compared.................................................. 15 2-7: A USAC Cadet Receives a Promotion to C/SFC from MG Mari Eder, USAR 21 2-8: Presidential Physical Fitness Standards ............................................ 23 2-9: National Physical Fitness Standards.................................................. 23 2-10: USAC Minimum Physical Fitness Standards ................................... 23 2-11: Selected USAC Decorations ............................................................ 24 2-12: Selected USAC Service Awards ...................................................... 25 2-13: Selected USAC Qualification Award ................................................ 25 2-14: Selected USAC Marksmanship Badges........................................... 25 5-1: Position of Attention ........................................................................... 44 5-2: Position of Parade Rest ..................................................................... 45 5-3: Execution of Left Face ....................................................................... 46 5-4: Execution of About Face .................................................................... 47 5-5: Execution of the Hand Salute............................................................. 48 5-6: Bunk Layout as Viewed from the Side ............................................... 49 5-7: Bunk Layout as Viewed from the Aisle............................................... 50 6-1: The Steady Position ........................................................................... 63 6-2: Correct Sight Picture .......................................................................... 65 6-3: Correct Sight Picture at 250 meters ................................................... 66 6-4: Side Aiming Technique ...................................................................... 66 6-5: Breath Control .................................................................................... 67 6-6: Supported Fighting Position ............................................................... 68
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Contents - Continued Paragraph Page 6-7: Prone Unsupported Position .............................................................. 69 7-1: Basic MCJKKD Stances..................................................................... 73 8-1: Fire Team Wedge Formation ............................................................. 93 8-2: Fire Team File Formation................................................................... 94 8-3: Types of Cover................................................................................... 95 8-4: Troops Moving Along a Ravine .......................................................... 95 8-5: Fire Team Dispersed.......................................................................... 97 8-6: Camouflaged Personnel..................................................................... 98 8-7: Colors Used in Camouflage ............................................................... 99 Glossary .................................................................................................... 115
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MISSION, VISION AND GUIDING PRINCIPLES
Mission: “To instill in young Americans, through a multi-faceted Cadet program which is physically and mentally challenging and rewarding, the importance of national pride, service to others, and maintaining a drug-free and gang-free lifestyle.” Vision: “To be the premier Cadet program in the United States, noted for its dedication to youth, quality of training, and respect for the heritage and traditions of the United States Army.” Guiding Principles: To effectively accomplish our Mission and Vision, we subscribe to the following principles:
• The development of the individual Cadet is the sole purpose of the U.S. Army Cadet Corps (USAC). No aspect of our organization is to take priority over our mission of developing America’s youth.
• We will endeavor to provide a program that is challenging, exciting and rewarding. We will encourage Cadets to test their physical, mental and emotional limits while ensuring a realistic, safe and wholesome training environment.
• The Officers’ Corps exists to serve the Cadets, providing young people the opportunity to learn leadership, self-confidence and patriotism. Cadets will be involved in as much of the day-to-day operation of the USAC, at all levels, as is reasonably possible. We are a training ground for tomorrow’s leaders, and accept that mistakes may be made in order to learn valuable lessons.
• Communication is essential to success. All members of the USAC – regardless of rank or assignment – are encouraged to communicate openly and honestly, within the parameters of good order and discipline.
• We are mindful that the dedicated volunteers of the USAC Officers’ Corps are charged with carrying out the program. We will respect their time and only place demands upon them which are essential to the safe and efficient operation of the program. We pride ourselves in being non-paid professionals who take volunteerism to a new dimension.
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Forward The Basic Cadet Training (BCT) Handbook is a reference for Recruit Orientation (RO) and BCT. In it are many general subjects you must understand before you can develop advanced leadership and Cadet skills. The information in this handbook comes from Army field manuals, a combination of Army and USAC training circulars and regulations, as well as other sources. You will need to learn its many subjects to meet not only the challenges of RO and BCT, but to excel as a Cadet. So decide now to master it. Study it with a buddy if that helps you learn. Use it to review your training and to prepare for testing. If you apply yourself and learn what this book has to teach you, you will stand out among your peers as a subject matter expert others will depend on for guidance and training. Start now, study hard, and be “ARMY STRONG!” Unless stated otherwise, and references to “he”, “his”, or “him” are representative of both genders, and do not refer exclusively to men. References to the American Cadet Alliance or ACA are meant to be the same as references to the U.S. Army Cadet Corps or USAC, except in the sections dealing specifically with USAC history. A Note to Parents You will find many subjects in this book that are taken directly from Army manuals. There are entire chapters on field skills, including combat tactics. It may seem odd to teach these things to young men and women who are years away from being old enough to determine they want to serve their nation as Soldiers. But, there is a long tradition of this type of training for young people here in the United States and around the world. This training is included because it is a basic part of soldiering. The United States Army Cadet Corps is an enlisted career exploration program. That is: we try to give young men and women – your sons and daughters – an idea of what a Soldier learns and does. The USAC also works to promote the teamwork, selflessness and civic-mindedness that are some of the most basic qualities of American service members. What we are not trying to do is to turn your son or daughter into a Soldier. That is far beyond our ability. Only the Army can create Soldiers; and only among those who decide that is their calling. Neither are we trying to recruit your children into military service. Our goal is to develop strong, independent, civic-minded young men and women, regardless of the path they choose as adults. But, remember that most of the officers and instructors in the USAC have served or are serving in the U.S. Armed Forces. We all share a love of country, a devotion to service and an admiration for the Armed Forces that keep us free, and we will work to create the same attitudes and feelings in our Cadets.
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How to Use This Publication
This table shows you which chapters of this book are used during Recruit Orientation and which are used during Basic Cadet Training. Chapters used during Basic Cadet Training will not be used at your unit during Recruit Orientation. You will only be responsible for the information in the first five chapters of this book for the Recruit Orientation end of course test.
Chapter RO BCT 1 – Key Information X X 2 – General Subjects X X 3 – USAC Values X X 4 – Standards of Conduct X X 5 – Basic Cadet Skills X X 6 – Basic Marksmanship and Safety X 7 – The Army Cadet Martial Arts Program (TACMAP) X 8 – Basic Field Skills X Appendix A – Cadet Promotion Requirements X X Appendix B – USAC Awards Chart X X Appendix C – Cadet Code of Discipline X X Glossary X X
This book has materials for several Recruit Orientation modules. These modules are organized into the Recruit Orientation Program of Instruction (POI). The Recruit Orientation POI is supported by a Recruit Orientation Training Support Package (TSP); an instructor’s guide for the POI. The TSP includes lesson plans for each module, listed below. Recruit Orientation Outline
The next two lists show the subjects you will learn during Recruit Orientation. The first list is organized by course category, the second is organized by RO phase. Each Phase takes one drill weekend for weekend drilling units, or one month of drills for units drilling on a weeknight or weekend day. Remember: you must attend and complete the three phases of RO without missing any drills in order to complete RO with your entry class.
Schedule #1 – RO Courses by Course Category
Administration, Inspections and Testing
Module AD-1 Welcome/Course Expectations 0.5 hour Module AD-2 Personnel Inspection I 0.5 hour Module AD-3 Personnel Inspection II 0.5 hour Module AD-4 Final Examination 1.5 hours Module AD-5 Swearing-in Ceremony 1.0 hour
4.0 hours
Military Science
Module MS-1 History and Organization of the U.S. Army Cadet Corps 1.0 hour
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Module MS-2 Mission of the Armed Forces 0.5 hour Module MS-3 Chain of Command 0.5 hour Module MS-4 Rank Identification 1.0 hour Module MS-5 Introduction to Guard Duty 1.0 hour Module MS-6 Wear and Care of the Uniform I 1.0 hour Module MS-7 Wear and Care of the Uniform II 1.0 hour Module MS-8 Military Customs and Courtesies I 1.0 hour Module MS-9 Military Customs and Courtesies II 1.0 hour Module MS-10 Military Terminology 0.5 hour 8.5 hours
Drill and Ceremony Module DC-1 Drill and Ceremony I 1.0 hour Module DC-2 Drill and Ceremony II 1.0 hour Module DC-3 Drill and Ceremony III 1.0 hour Module DC-4 Drill and Ceremony IV 1.0 hour Module DC-5 Drill and Ceremony V 1.0 hour Module DC-6 Drill and Ceremony VI 1.0 hour Module DC-7 Drill and Ceremony VII 1.0 hour Module DC-8 Drill and Ceremony VIII 1.0 hour Module DC-9 Drill and Ceremony IX 1.0 hour 9.0 hours
Personal Development Module PD-1 Introduction to Drug Demand Reduction 1.0 hour Module PD-2 Awards and Recognition 0.5 hour Module PD-3 USAC Cadet Training Program 1.0 hour Module PD-4 Core Values 1.0 hour Module PD-5 Cadet Code of Discipline 1.0 hour 4.5 hours Physical Fitness Module PT-1 Physical Training I (Diagnostic PFT) 2.0 hours Module PT-2 Physical Training II 1.0 hour Module PT-3 Physical Fitness Test I 2.0 hours Module PT-4 Physical Training III 1.0 hour Module PT-5 Physical Training IV 1.0 hour Module PT-6 Physical Fitness Test II 2.0 hours 9.0 hours
Course Duration 35 hours
Optional Activities (When Staying In Barracks) Module OP-1 Barracks Life I 1.0 hour Module OP-2 Barracks Life II 1.0 hour Module OP-3 Barracks Life III 1.0 hour 3.0 hours
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Schedule #2 – RO Courses by RO Phase
Phase I Module AD-1 Welcome/Course Expectations 0.5 hour Module MS-1 History and Organization of the U.S. Army Cadet Corps 1.0 hour Module MS-8 Military Customs and Courtesies I 1.0 hour Module MS-10 Military Terminology 0.5 hour Module DC-1 Drill and Ceremony I 1.0 hour Module DC-2 Drill and Ceremony II 1.0 hour Module DC-3 Drill and Ceremony III 1.0 hour Module PT-1 Physical Training I (Diagnostic PFT) 2.0 hours Module PT-2 Physical Training II 1.0 hour Module OP-1 Barracks Life I (see note above) 1.0 hour Total Phase I 9-10 hours
Phase II Module MS-2 Mission of the Armed Forces 0.5 hour Module MS-3 Chain of Command 0.5 hour Module MS-4 Rank Identification 1.0 hour Module MS-5 Introduction to Guard Duty 1.0 hour Module MS-6 Wear and Care of the Uniform I 1.0 hour Module AD-2 Personnel Inspection I 0.5 hour Module MS-9 Military Customs and Courtesies II 1.0 hour Module DC-4 Drill and Ceremony IV 1.0 hour Module DC-5 Drill and Ceremony V 1.0 hour Module DC-6 Drill and Ceremony VI 1.0 hour Module PT-3 Physical Fitness/Readiness Test I 2.0 hours Module PT-4 Physical Training III 1.0 hour Module PD-4 Core Values 1.0 hour Module PD-5 Cadet Code of Discipline 1.0 hour Module OP-2 Barracks Life II (see note above) 1.0 hour Total Phase II 13.5-14.5 hours
Phase III Module AD-3 Personnel Inspection II 0.5 hour Module AD-4 Final Examination 1.5 hours Module AD-5 Swearing-in Ceremony 1.0 hour Module MS-7 Wear and Care of the Uniform II 1.0 hour Module DC-7 Drill and Ceremony VII 1.0 hour Module DC-8 Drill and Ceremony IIX 1.0 hour Module DC-9 Drill and Ceremony IX 1.0 hour Module PD-1 Introduction to Drug Demand Reduction 1.0 hour Module PD-2 Awards and Recognition 0.5 hour Module PD-3 USAC Cadet Training Program 1.0 hour Module PT-5 Physical Training IV 1.0 hour Module PT-6 Physical Fitness/Readiness Test II 2.0 hours Module OP-3 Barracks Life III (see note above) 1.0 hour Total Phase III 12.5-13.5 hours
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The U.S. Army Cadet Corps Training Program
BCT (Summer 1)
BLC (Summer 2)
RO YOU ARE
HERE
Milestone 1
Milestones 2-4
Milestones 5-6
SPECIAL PROGRAMS
(Summer 4+)
• International Exchanges
• Army Career Exploration Schools
• Annual Training Staff
CNCOC or
THA (Summer 3)
Proficiency Certificate
Testing
Completion Certificate
Testing
Milestones 7-9
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Welcome and What to Expect Congratulations on deciding to become a
Cadet in the United States Army Cadet Corps! You are joining thousands of young men and women who have earned the title “Cadet.”
The U.S. Army Cadet Corps (USAC) was founded in 1909 as Colonel Cody's Boy Scouts. It is the oldest and longest-serving Cadet organization in the United States. Choosing to join the USAC shows you are dedicated to growing as a person. As a member of the Corps of Cadets, you will wear the uniform of the United States Army, and you will follow the traditions, standards, customs, and courtesies of our Armed Forces. The months ahead will be challenging, educational and rewarding. Not everyone who starts with you will be sworn in as a Cadet. Recruit Orientation is just the beginning! You have much ahead of you, including summer training, monthly drills, and special training events where you will learn and practice field skills, learn more about the Army, develop leadership skills (and put them to use!), and experience a variety of high-adventure activities. Your summer training will begin this summer with two weeks of Basic Cadet Training (“Boot Camp”). BCT focuses on basic Cadet skills like uniforms, drill, customs and courtesies and barracks life. Next summer you will attend the Basic Leader Course (BLC). BLC is about field skills, basic leadership skills and hands-on training in different Army careers. Stay focused, work hard, and learn to work with your teammates as you go through Recruit Orientation. In a few months, you too will become a member of the best Cadet Corps in the country… the United States Army Cadet Corps! What You Will Learn in Recruit Orientation This handbook will give you information you need for Recruit Orientation and BCT. If you study this manual and train hard, you will succeed! Remember the uniform that you wear carries a very long and proud tradition of service to our country. In our program, wearing that uniform requires some sweat! Recruit Orientation is designed to teach you the basic requirements of earning the title Cadet. The forty hours of Recruit Orientation will give you a taste of what this summer’s two-week Basic Cadet Training will be like. You will be challenged to your limits, and accomplish things that you may never have thought possible. We expect you to give your best effort at all times. Training Standards for Recruit Orientation While in Recruit Orientation, you may not miss any part of the training program. If you are a single minute late, you will be recycled to the next Recruit Orientation cycle and will not be sworn in with your platoon. There very few exceptions to this policy. After completing Recruit Orientation, you must attend 90% of drills to be eligible for the USAC
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Good Conduct Medal. If you attend less than 75% of your drills, you may be discharged from the Corps. A “drill” is a period of four hours or more where full unit participation is scheduled for training. Unit field trips, parades, or other civic or military events, and state or regional training evolutions or competitions, may count as a drill. If you miss a drill after completing Recruit Orientation, your commander may allow you to make it up. A make-up drill is four hours or more of work at an on-base facility, an Armed Forces Recruiting Station, or other types of activities that are civic or military in nature. Recruit Orientation Uniforms You will wear a standard Recruit Orientation uniform until you have completed Recruit Orientation. This uniform should be worn proudly and correctly at all times. Like any other military uniform, it represents the sacrifices and hard work of all those who have come before you – both in the USAC and the Armed Forces of the United States. It is very important that you report to each drill in the correct uniform for your phase of Recruit Orientation. The table below shows the correct uniform for each phase of Recruit Orientation.
UNIT ISSUE b RECRUIT-SUPPLIED PHASE I a • Basic Cadet Training Handbook
binder • Pistol belt and canteen or hydration
system (temporary issue – when appropriate)
• Grey sweatshirt (winter)/ White t-shirt (summer) • Clean and neat blue jeans • Tennis shoes • Civilian outerwear appropriate to
weather conditions PHASE II a • Pistol belt and canteen (as above)
• USAC Physical Fitness Uniform • Clean and neat blue jeans • Tennis shoes • Civilian outerwear appropriate to
weather conditions PHASE III a • Army Combat Uniform (ACU) Coat,
Trousers, and Cap • Tan rigger belt • Pistol belt and canteen (as above)
• Tan Army combat boots • Tan T-shirts • Nametapes • Field jacket (as needed)
Notes: a. Phase I uniform issue takes place upon enrollment; Phase II and III uniform issue takes place immediately prior to Phase II and Phase III drills. b. Units may provide a full uniform issue upon enrollment to new recruits; however, recruits will only wear the uniforms listed above during Recruit Orientation
Leadership During Recruit Orientation Your leadership during Recruit Orientation will be senior Cadets who are handpicked as Platoon Sergeants. Typically, they have been Cadets for at least two years, and have a great deal of experience. Pay attention to their leadership, and you may some day have the chance to train new recruits.
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1. Key Information.
This section is designed for you to complete important contact information related to your unit.
Table 1-1 Important contact information
Title Rank and Name Phone 1 Phone 2
First Line Supervisor
Sponsor
Buddy
Unit Commander
Table 1-2 My unit information Unit Name
Headquarters Location
Company
Battalion
Brigade
Regiment
Figure 1-1. A group of Army Cadets taking a break from training.
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2. General Subjects. 2-1. History of the U.S. Army Cadet Corps. The U.S. Army Cadet Corps was founded early in the 20th century and is the oldest nationwide Cadet program still existing today. Its history and culture are steeped in the oldest traditions of cadetting. In those days a group of veterans chose to create a military-style youth organization to give the young men of New York City a chance for adventure. The organization that became the USAC was founded as “Colonel Cody’s Boy Scouts,” by Captain James H. C. Smyth on April 10th, 1909, at the First Presbyterian Church in Manhattan, New York. April 10th is celebrated as the birthday of our Corps. The program was Navy-based and taught boys good citizenship and patriotism. This idea was the foundation of both the Boy Scouts of America and the American Cadet Alliance, the predecessor to the USAC. In 1911, the organization split into two organizations: the Boy Scouts of America and the American Naval and Marine Scouts. On 16 August 1927, the American Naval and Marine Scouts was incorporated in New York State as the New York Junior Naval
Militia. Early in 1929, the organization split and Commodore Smyth and a number of senior officers left to found the Junior Naval Reserve on February 19th.
Early in 1938, as the Second World War was beginning, the War Department ordered all organizations using the words 'naval,' 'militia,' or 'reserve' in their name to change their name. This would help avoid public confusion about their
relationship to the Armed Services. On June 14th, 1938, the Junior Naval Reserve reincorporated as the American Nautical Cadets to comply. On November 2nd, 1938, the New York Junior Naval Militia was renamed the Maritime Brigade. After a series of mergers with other, smaller Cadet organizations, the American Nautical Cadets reincorporated on October 3rd, 1956 as the American Nautical Alliance. The organization came full circle on September 15th, 1960 when the American Nautical Alliance and the Maritime Brigade merged to become the American Cadet Alliance (ACA).
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At one time, the ACA boasted 21,000 Cadets in the New York City area, and another 3,000 outside the city area. But, in the 1960s the Corps shrank in size due to the Vietnam War and the loss of several key officers. By the 1970s most units were disbanded or absorbed by the Navy Sea Cadets and just a few units remained. Rear Admiral Gilbert G. Murdoch, a former Cadet, past National Commandant, and a life-long supporter of the Corps of Cadets, refused to let the ACA disappear. His experiences as a Cadet inspired him and he rallied a handful of dedicated officers to save the ACA from extinction.
But even though the ACA survived, the decline in membership continued, and by the late 1980s it was again on the verge of disappearing. On July 3rd, 1987, then Major Tornow transitioned his Battalion of three companies and more than 250 Cadets and officers into the ACA. Then National Commandant Rear Admiral Murdoch was quoted as saying: "ACA has a new lease on life thanks to Major Tornow and his battalion of Marine Cadets." In July of 1988, as the Commanding Officer of Headquarters Support Battalion, Major Tornow assumed the day-to-day responsibility for the administration of the ACA.
Under BG Tornow’s leadership, the ACA began returning to its former stature as a national organization. He moved National Headquarters from New York to New Jersey and in 1997 ordered a nationwide expansion. Today the USAC includes units across the country, from California to Puerto Rico, from Florida to Rhode Island.
In 2006, the American Cadet Alliance established its national headquarters in Dayton, Pennsylvania. The process to convert the former Dayton High School into the hub of national Cadet training is well underway.
Part of General Tornow’s vision was the Army Brigade of the Corps of Cadets, which was added in 1991. The Army Brigade quickly became the largest of the Cadet brigades. On November 20th, 2007, ACA Notice 0705 announced that on April 10th, 2009 - the 100th
anniversary of the ACA, the U.S. Naval Cadet Corps and the U.S. Marine Cadet Corps will be disestablished, leaving only the U.S. Army Cadet Corps. With legislation pending to establish the USAC as the official, community-based Cadet corps of the U.S. Army, the USAC is looking forward to a strong partnership with the Army.
With its founding in 1909, the American Cadet Alliance, Inc. was the oldest nationwide Cadet Corps in the United States, a distinction that has passed to its successor, the USAC. While there are certainly some military schools with a heritage dating back to the 1800s, only the USAC – as a nationwide Cadet corps – can claim a historical background of nearly 100 years. For the future, the USAC will strive to provide its Cadets with the most intensive, hands-on Army experience available.
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Figure 2-1. USAC organizational lineage
Notes: (1) American Naval and Marine Scouts are incorporated as the New York Junior Naval Militia, Inc. by Commodore James H.C. Smyth the founder of Colonel Cody’s Boy Scouts on August 16, 1927.
(2) The New York Junior Naval Militia, Inc. split and Commodore James H. C. Smyth incorporated the Junior Naval Reserve, Inc. on February 19, 1929.
(3) On June 14, 1938 the Junior Naval Reserve, Inc. reorganized and changed its name as a result of a War Department request. The War Department instructed the Secretary of State for each State and Territory to require all organizations utilizing the words “Reserve” or “Militia” as part of their corporate name to rename their organizations so as not to cause confusion among the general public as to their official affiliation with the War Department. On November 2, 1938, the Junior Naval Militia, Inc. changed its name as a result of a War Department request.
(4) On September 15, 1960 the organization came full circle when the Maritime Brigade, Inc. merged with the American Nautical Alliance, Inc. to become the American Cadet Alliance, Inc.
(5) On 20 November 2007, ACA Notice 0705 announced that on the 100th anniversary of the ACA on 10 April 2009, the U.S. Naval Cadet Corps and the U.S. Marine Cadet Corps will be disestablished in favor of the U.S. Army Cadet Corps.
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IMAGE NOT AVAILABLE
Commodore James H. C. Smyth, ANC Founder & Commandant
April 1909 to February 1946
Captain William H. Elliott, ANC Commandant
February 1946 to October 1956
Rear Admiral Gilbert G. Murdoch,
USNCC National Commandant
October 1956 to April 1994
Brigadier General Peter E. Genovese, Jr., USAR
National Commander & Co-Founder of the U.S. Army Cadet
Corps April 1994 to April 1997
Brigadier General Charles R. Tornow, USAC
Commanding General April 2008 to Present
National Commander and Co-founder of the U.S. Army Cadet
Corps April 1997 to April 2008
Figure 2-2. National leadership lineage
2-2. U.S. Army Cadet Corps Heritage and Traditions. As you learned in the section about the history of the USAC, the program had a strong Naval heritage from its founding in 1909. Like the military, the USAC respects and honors its heritage and you are expected to know about and understand our Naval and Marine heritage. Knowing the special words and phrases of the Army is part of how things are done in the USAC. Not only should you know the language, but you will know the uniforms and the culture of the Army as well. This is all part of the USAC’s program of cultural immersion and career exploration. That is, the USAC does everything it can to make the training environment like the military service. The goal is to give recruits and Cadets a
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chance to see how those service members live and work, to see if a career in the military might interest you. The motto of the USAC is “Hard corps or out the door!” and that’s how we do things in this organization. We expect your full effort in everything, from squaring away your uniforms to tackling the obstacle course at annual training, from learning drill and ceremonies as a recruit to completing the Cadet Training Program and pinning on E-9 rank. Excellence is expected! Remember: we know you won’t always succeed, but you’re sure expected to try. If you won’t give that full effort, then maybe the USAC isn’t right for you (but we hope it is!). Here are some simple guidelines to help your leadership develop you into an outstanding Cadet. They are also good rules for being a good person:
• Attend unit training assemblies (UTAs), or drills, without fail. • Be on time for all unit training sessions and events. Being ‘just in time’ is not
being ‘on time’. On time means 10 minutes early if you’re a recruit or junior enlisted Cadet, and it means 30 minutes early if you are a Cadet NCO.
• Have a sharp appearance both in uniform and in civilian clothes. This reflects well on you, on your unit, on the USAC, and on the U.S. Army.
• Obey orders promptly and to the best of your ability. If you feel they are improper, carry them out and speak with a member of your chain of command or NCO support channel later.
• Be well-mannered when in uniform and in civilian clothes. Be polite and considerate and helpful, especially to adults and people in authority or who are serving you in some way.
• Stay physically fit by exercising regularly, playing sports, eating right, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
• Be a good citizen by supporting your community outside of unit activities or “Cadet time.” Participate and help others as often as possible.
• Support your unit and the USAC by working hard and always trying to do more than is asked of you.
• Stay in school and be a good student. Your leadership is a group of “unpaid professionals”. Most of the officers – from the National Commander and his staff, to the staff of your unit – are current or prior service members. They’ve served their country and been part of the military culture you’re learning about. They’re eager and happy to teach you what they know and make you part of their military family.
Those USAC officers who don’t have prior military experience are educated at an Officer Candidate School that is a lot like those run by the military. They’ve worked hard to learn so that they could have the privilege of teaching and leading you. 2-3. The Corps of Cadets.
When you join the USAC, you’re not just another member of the USAC. Nor are you just a Cadet (after you complete Basic Cadet Training, of course!). When you are a Cadet member of the U.S. Army Cadet Corps, you are part of the Corps of Cadets. The
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Corps of Cadets is made up of every recruit and Cadet that serves with you today, as well as the tens of thousands that have served before you, stretching all the way back to those very first Cadets who served with Colonel Cody’s Boy Scouts. They have served our nation in every branch of the Armed Forces, have been athletes, government leaders, business people, educators, and more. You are an important link in this chain that binds us as members of a family – the USAC family. 2-4. General Knowledge. There is a great deal of information that you will be quizzed on and expected to memorize. This information is known as general knowledge, and follows below:
Table 2-1 USAC general knowledge Question Response
What are the core values of the U.S. Army Cadet Corps?
“The Core Values of the U.S. Army Cadet Corps are COMMITMENT, ACHIEVEMENT, DISCIPLINE, EDUCATION, TRAINING, and SERVICE, Sir!”
What is the mission of the U.S. Army Cadet Corps?
“The mission of the U.S. Army Cadet Corps is ‘To instill in young Americans, through a multi-faceted Cadet program which is physically and mentally challenging and rewarding, the importance of national pride, service to others, and maintaining a drug-free and gang-free lifestyle’, Sir!”
What is the USAC Cadet honor code?
“The USAC Cadet Honor Code is ‘A Cadet will not lie, cheat, steal, or tolerate those who do,’ Sir!”
When is the birthday of the U.S. Army Cadet Corps?
“The birthday of the U.S. Army Cadet Corps is April, 10th, 1909, making us the oldest nationwide Cadet Corps in the United States, Sir!”
What is the birthday of the U.S. Army?
“The birthday of the United States Army is June 14th, 1775, Sir.”
What is the motto of the U.S. Army Cadet Corps?
“The motto of the U.S. Army Cadet Corps is ‘HARD CORE or out the DOOR, Sir! Hooah!’”
Who is the Commander in Chief?
“The Commander-in-Chief is the Honorable (President’s Name), Sir.”
Who is the (Chain of Command Title, such as National Commander) of the U.S. Army Cadet Corps?
“The National Commander of the U.S. Army Cadet Corps is _________________________, USAC, Sir.”
THE ARMY SONG Each of the Armed Forces has a song that represents the history and tradition of that service. As an Army Cadet, when you hear the Army song, while in uniform or in civilian clothes, you are expected to come to attention and face the music (NOTE: do not place your hand over your heart, nor salute.). You will learn the first verse of the Army song during Recruit Orientation. The second and third verses will be taught to you during your junior enlisted Cadet training.
First to fight for the right;
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And to build the nation’s might. And THE ARMY GOES ROLLING ALONG.
Proud of all we have done; Fighting till the battle’s won.
And THE ARMY GOES ROLLING ALONG. Then it’s hi! Hi! Hey!
The Army’s on its way, Count off the cadence loud and strong:
For where’er we go, you will always know That THE ARMY GOES ROLLING ALONG.
2-5. Organization of the USAC. The U.S. Army Cadet Corps has several levels of command, each in charge of those below it and answering to the one above. These levels of command are similar to the way the Army is organized too, although unit sizes are different between the Army and the USAC. USAC command levels are described below. The squad is the smallest unit, consisting of four to six Cadets. The squad leader is a Cadet noncommissioned officer (NCO). The platoon is the next level of organization and consists of two or more squads, a platoon leader (generally a second lieutenant or first lieutenant), and a platoon sergeant (Cadet sergeant first class). Two or more platoons are organized into a company or detachment. Companies include the company commander (captain or major) and Cadet first sergeant and detachments include the officer-in-charge and/or NCO-in-charge. Companies and detachments are the lowest levels of command in the USAC. These are the drilling units that meet regularly to perform training. Most members of the USAC are assigned at this level. Normally, units at this level are called “Companies” but units that are forming or that have too few members to be companies are called “Detachments.” USAC Companies have 34 Cadets assigned (two platoons of 15 Cadets, plus two Cadet platoon sergeants, a company Cadet operations/training NCO and a Cadet first sergeant. USAC companies can also have many more Cadets than 34. In that case, squads grow larger and a third or fourth platoon may be added). Local units are given a name reflecting their geographic area, for instance, the “Army Cadets of Selfridge.” When at least three operational USAC units exist in a state or a multi-state metro area (for example, the NY/NJ/CT area), a battalion will be organized. The battalion includes the battalion commander (lieutenant colonel), his staff and headquarters, and the command sergeant major. Three or more battalions form a brigade. The brigade includes the brigade commander (generally a colonel), his staff and headquarters, and the command sergeant major. Three or more brigades then form a division. The division includes the division commander (generally a brigadier general), his staff and headquarters, and the command sergeant major. The highest command level in the USAC is National Headquarters, which is based on a training command-sized element made up of three divisions. USAC National
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Headquarters is located in Dayton, Pennsylvania. Every summer, Headquarters and the headquarters staff moves to the Annual Training site, where it is re-designated as “HQ, USAC (FWD)” (FWD = “forward”). National Headquarters consists of the National Commander (called the Commanding General when the commander is a General Officer) and his staff. The Training Battalion, which provides leadership and training direction for Annual Training is also attached directly to National Headquarters.
Table 2-2. USAC and U.S. Army command level organization Command Element
Map Symbol USAC Organization U.S. Army Organization
Squad
4-6 Cadets, includes Squad Leader
10 Soldiers, includes Squad Leader
Platoon
3 Squads, 12-18 Cadets, plus Platoon Sergeant
3-4 Squads, 30-40 Soldiers, plus Platoon Sergeant and Platoon
Leader
Company
2 Platoons, 24-36 Cadets, plus Cadet Operations/Training Sergeant and
Cadet First Sergeant, and Company Commander and Staff
3-4 Platoons, 90-160 Soldiers, plus Company Commander and Staff
Battalion
3-4 Companies, 85-160 Cadets and Staff, plus Cadet Sergeant Major and
Battalion Commander and Staff
3-4 Companies, 270-640 Soldiers, plus Battalion Commander and
Staff
Brigade
3-4 Battalions, 250-625 Cadets and Staff, plus Brigade Commander and
Staff
3-4 Battalions, 810-2,560 Soldiers plus Brigade Commander and Staff
Division
3-4 Brigades, 775-2,500 Cadets and Staff, plus Division Commander and
Staff
3-4 Brigades plus support units, 10,000-12,000 Soldiers plus
Commanding General and Staff
National HQ
3 Divisions, 2,300-7,500 Cadets and Staff, plus National Commander and
Staff) N/A
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2-6. The Chain of Command. Since the USAC is a Cadet organization, it is modeled after the military in many ways. One of those ways is the idea of the “chain of command”. The chain of command is important and you are going to be hearing about it a lot! It will be always be part of your time in the USAC, just as it is always a part of life in the military. Chain of command is one of the basic foundations of the military. It is a simple idea, but for such a simple idea, it is sometimes confusing, often hard to work with, and always critical to the success of the organization. The chain of command is the line of commanding officers from the National Commander/Commanding General down to your Company Commander or Platoon Leader. The commander at each level is responsible for everyone below him. He passes along orders, but he also looks after his people. Where the chain of command can get confusing is that your commander isn’t the only one giving you orders. Even in a single drill weekend, you may have several different people in charge of you. For instance: your platoon sergeant will hold formations, an instructor has authority in his classroom, and a Cadet sergeant is in charge of a work detail you are on. Despite this, you only have one commander at a time; ultimately you answer to him or go to him with any problems you might have. The chain of command can be hard to work with because it takes patience and discipline. When you have a problem, the correct thing to do is see your commander and give him a chance to help you (see the NCO Support Channel section, below to determine how to actually contact your commander). You might have to wait to see your commander, and you might have to wait while he does what he can. It is far easier to just go right to the person we think can solve our problem, but that’s not the way things are done in the USAC. The chain of command is critical because it gives leaders a single person to talk to when they want to pass along orders. For instance, if the Battalion Commander wants to change the time of a formation, he doesn’t have time to call each and every person in his battalion to give them the news. Instead, he can pass the change along to his Company Commanders and they’ll tell their people. Of course, the final (and maybe most practical) reason to know the chain of command is that you had better have a name handy when someone barks “Who’s your commanding officer?”
Table 2-3 Chain of command positions Echelon Title National Headquarters Commanding General (Brigadier General) Brigade Brigade Commander (Colonel) Battalion Battalion Commander (Lieutenant Colonel) Company/Detachment Company Commander (Captain)/Officer In Charge (Varies) First Line Supervisor Varies
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2-7. The NCO Support Channel. The “NCO support channel” is a sort of “partner” to the chain of command. These are the noncommissioned officer (sergeants) positions that are paired with the commanders. They are not in the chain of command, but they occupy a key position in the organization. As a recruit and junior Cadet you won’t normally deal directly with your commander. Instead, the NCO support channel will be your “first line supervisors.” These are the people you will probably be working with – and working for – on a daily basis. This is done to lighten the commander’s load. But remember that these NCOs are not in your chain of command.
Table 2-4 NCO support channel positions Echelon Title Brigade and higher (Division, Army, Corps) Command Sergeant Major
Battalion Sergeant Major Company First Sergeant Platoon Platoon Sergeant Squad Squad Leader 2-8. My Chain of Command. Fill the table below to remind you of the people in your chain of command. Memorize their names and ranks/positions.
Table 2-5 My chain of command
BG Charles R. Tornow, USAC Commanding General
__________________________________ Brigade Commander
__________________________________ Battalion Commander
Name: _________________________ Phone: ___________________________ Company Commander/Officer-in-Charge
Name: _________________________ Phone: ___________________________ First Line Supervisor
YOU!
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2-9. My NCO Support Channel. Fill in the table below to remind you of the people in your NCO support channel. Memorize their names and ranks/positions.
Table 2-6 My NCO support channel
__________________________________CSM Raymond Schnabel, USAC NHQ Command Sergeant Major Cadet Command Sergeant Major
__________________________________ Brigade CSM
__________________________________ __________________________________Battalion SGM Battalion C/SGM
__________________________________ __________________________________ Company First Sergeant Company Cadet First Sergeant
Name: _________________________ Phone: ___________________________ Cadet Platoon Sergeant
Name: _________________________ Phone: ___________________________ Cadet Squad Leader
YOU! 2-10. Grade Insignia.
One of the most important things to members of the military is their rank and their grade. These show how far they have gone in their career and how much responsibility and authority they have. The USAC is a military Cadet program, so these things are important to you as well. First, you need to understand the terms and when to use them. “Rank” refers to your title, such as private or sergeant. “Grade” is the pay grade associated with a rank. This is how the military determines equal ranks among different branches of service. For instance, an E-1 is a 'private' in the Army and Marine Corps, and a 'seaman recruit' in the Navy. One thing to remember is that it is considered insulting to refer to someone by their grade. A person is not an E-5, but a sergeant. It is important to know and use the proper grade abbreviations when writing letters and emails. Table 2-3 contains proper Army and USAC grade abbreviations. Also below is a table of rank insignias and grades for the U.S. Army and the USAC. Right now, you should concentrate on memorizing Army ranks, but before long you will need to be able to recognize and correctly name the ranks from every branch of service.
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Table 2-7 Grade abbreviations OFFICERS GEN General LTG Lieutenant General MG Major General BG Brigadier General COL Colonel LTC Lieutenant Colonel MAJ Major CPT Captain 1LT First Lieutenant 2LT Second Lieutenant CW5 Chief Warrant Officer 5 CW4 Chief Warrant Officer 4 CW3 Chief Warrant Officer 3 CW2 Chief Warrant Officer 2 WO1 Warrant Officer 1 OFFICER TRAINEES AND CIVILIAN INSTRUCTORS OC Officer Candidate WOC Warrant Officer Candidate INST Civilian Instructor ENLISTED and ADULT NCO CADET ENLISTED CSM Command Sergeant Major C/CSM Cadet Command Sergeant Major SGM Sergeant Major C/SGM Cadet Sergeant Major 1SG First Sergeant C/1SG Cadet First Sergeant MSG Master Sergeant No equivalent USAC Cadet grade SFC Sergeant First Class C/SFC Cadet Sergeant First Class SSG Staff Sergeant C/SSG Cadet Staff Sergeant SGT Sergeant C/SGT Cadet Sergeant CPL Corporal C/CPL Cadet Corporal SPC Specialist No equivalent USAC Cadet grade PFC Private First Class C/PFC Cadet Private First Class PV2 Private E-2 C/PV2 Cadet Private E-2 PVT Private C/PVT Cadet Private
No equivalent Army grade RCT Recruit
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General of the Army (Reserved for
Wartime Use Only) O-10
General O-10
Lieutenant General O-9
Major General O-8
Brigadier General O-7
Colonel O-6
Lieutenant Colonel
O-5
Major O-4
Captain O-3
First Lieutenant O-2
Second Lieutenant
O-1
Chief Warrant Officer 5
W-5
Chief Warrant Officer 4
W-4
Chief Warrant Officer 3
W-3
Chief Warrant Officer 2
W-2
Warrant Officer 1 W-1
Figure 2-3. Army officer insignia of grade
Sergeant
Major of the Army E-9
Command Sergeant
Major E-9
Sergeant Major E-9
First Sergeant E-8
Master SergeantE-8
Sergeant First Class E-7
Staff Sergeant E-6
Sergeant
E-5 Specialist
E-4 Corporal
E-4
Private First Class E-3
Private E2 E-2
NO INSIGNIA
Private E-1
Figure 2-4. Army enlisted insignia of grade
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Cadet Command Sergeant Major
C/E-9
Cadet Sergeant Major
C/E-9
Cadet First Sergeant C/E-8
Cadet Sergeant First Class
C/E-7
Cadet Staff Sergeant C/E-6
Cadet Sergeant C/E-5
Cadet Corporal C/E-4
Cadet Private First Class
E-3
Cadet Private E2 E-2
Cadet Recruit E-1
Figure 2-5. U.S. Army Cadet insignia of grade 2-11. Military Time and Dates. Military time is a way to tell time using all twenty-four hours in a day, instead of the normal twelve hours. The hour from one o'clock in the morning to noon is written and read the same basic way: 1:00 AM is 0100 (and read as “zero-one-hundred”), 10:30 AM is 1030 (“ten-thirty”), and 12:45 PM is 1245 (“twelve-forty-five”). The time after 1:00 PM and before 1:00 AM is different. For these times, you add twelve to the hour. 1:00 PM is 1300 (“thirteen-hundred”) and 10:30 PM is 2230 (“twenty-two thirty”); midnight is 2400 (“twenty-four hundred”) and the time from midnight to 1:00 AM is read just like any other time, only with “zero” as the hour. So, 12:30 AM is 0030 (“zero-zero-thirty”).
Figure 2-6. Military and civilian time compared
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One thing to remember: although the time is always written with just digits (i.e.: 0100, 2230), the Army adds the word “hours” when speaking. So, you will hear Soldiers say, "Zero-five-hundred hours." You should get comfortable with military time very quickly. It is used by the military and by the USAC in all day-to-day business. When you see “0500” or hear “fourteen hundred hours”, you must immediately understand the first is very early in the morning and the second is a couple hours after noon meal. Zulu Time and Local Time If you are around the military, you will hear references to “Zulu Time” and “Local Time.” “Zulu time” (or just “Zulu”) is Greenwich Mean Time or Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). Since our military is spread all over the world, it uses UTC or Zulu Time to make sure that everyone is on the same clock. Generally, Zulu is only used when there are units in different time zones and local time is used for everything else. There are twenty-five lettered time zones around the world (“J” is skipped). The times in these other time zones are expressed as hours added or subtracted from Zulu time. So in Paris, where the time is one hour later than Greenwich, is Time Zone “Alpha”, and the hour there is Zulu +1. Here are the adjustments for the time zones in the continental United States (CONUS):
Table 2-8 Time zone designations Time Name Time Zone Letter Change from Zulu Eastern Standard Time Romeo Zulu -5 Central Standard Time Sierra Zulu -6 Mountain Standard Time Tango Zulu -7 Pacific Standard Time Uniform Zulu -8
Notes: Zulu Time does not change with the seasons. When the clocks here in the U.S. are set ahead an hour in the spring, the East Coast goes to Zulu-4, and other time zones change accordingly.
Military Dates Military dates are expressed by day, month and year, in that order -- abbreviated to the first three letters of the month and last two digits of the year. For example, June 5th, 2008 is expressed as 5 JUN 08. 2-12. Customs and Courtesies. “Customs and Courtesies” describes the small habits and traditions that the military uses every day when Soldiers, Sailors, Airmen, and Marines work together. They are a little different for each branch, but they are more alike than different. As a member of the USAC, you will first learn customs and courtesies of the Army; however, because you will eventually meet members of other branches of service. So it is important that you understand their customs and courtesies as well as your own.
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Whatever the flavor of customs and courtesies, they exist for one reason: to give military members a set of well-known and comfortable rules for their relationships so that they can accomplish their missions. Since you are Cadets - military students - you will know and use proper customs and courtesies any time you are working in a USAC environment. Saluting The most recognizable and important military custom is saluting. No one knows the origin of the hand salute. Some historians believe it began in late Roman times when assassinations were common. A citizen who wanted to see a public official had to approach with his right hand raised to show that he did not hold a weapon. Knights in armor raised visors with the right hand when meeting a comrade. This practice gradually became a way of showing respect and in early American history sometimes involved removing the hat. By 1820, the motion was modified to touching the hat, and since then has become the hand salute used today. Saluting is simply a way to show respect. You will mainly salute officers and flags, but there are times when you may salute visiting dignitaries and, during ceremonies, other enlisted Cadets. Since the USAC is part of a larger military culture, the National Commander has instructed that USAC members will salute officers of the American military and officers of allied countries as well as other Recognized Cadet Corps (Civil Air Patrol, Naval Sea Cadet Corps, Young Marines). General Rules for Saluting The general rules for saluting are:
• When you meet someone outside, salute as soon as you recognize that he is an officer. • Salute all officers (recognized by grade) in official vehicles identified by special plates or flags. • Accompany the salute with the greeting of the day. • When you're in a formation, salute only when commanded. • If in a group, and an officer approaches, the first person to recognize the officer calls the group to attention and all personnel salute. • If you approach an officer while you are double-timing alone, assume quick time march and salute. When the salute is returned, drop your salute and resume double-timing. • The salute is always initiated by the subordinate and terminated only after acknowledgment by the individual saluted. • Always hold your salute until it is returned. • Salutes are not required to be rendered by or to personnel who are driving or riding in privately owned vehicles. • Never render a salute with something in your mouth or right hand. • If you are on detail, and an officer approaches, salute if you are in charge of the detail. Otherwise, continue to work. If you are spoken to, then come to the position of attention.
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Courtesies Honors to the Flag The flag of the United States is the symbol of our nation. The union, white stars on a field of blue, is the honor point of the flag. The union of the flag and the flag itself, when in company with other flags, are always given the honor position, which is on the right.
• The flag is displayed daily on Army installations from reveille to retreat. If illuminated, it may be displayed at night during special events or on special occasions deemed appropriate by the commander. • When the flag is being raised in the morning or lowered in the evening, you should stand at attention on the first note of Reveille or "To the Colors." If you are not in formation and not in a vehicle, come to attention at the first note, face the flag, and give the required salute. If no flag is near, face the music and salute. If you are in formation, salute only on the order "Present arms." If you are in civilian clothing, stand at attention and place your right hand over your heart. These honors also apply to the national anthems of foreign countries during to ceremonies or parades. • The flag, when flown at half-staff, is hoisted to the peak/top of the flagpole for an instant and then lowered to the half-staff position. At the end of the day, the flag is hoisted to the peak before lowered. "Half-staff" means lowering the flag to one-half the distance between the top and bottom of the staff. In the early days of our country, no regulations existed for flying the flag at half-staff and, as a result, there were many conflicting policies. On March 1, 1954, President Dwight Eisenhower issued a proclamation on the proper times. The flag should fly at half-staff for 30 days after the death of the president or a former president at all federal buildings, grounds, and naval vessels throughout the U.S. and its territories and possessions. The flag is flown at half-staff for 10 days after the death of the vice president, the chief justice, or a retired chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court, and the speaker of the House of Representatives. • Whenever Reveille is played, and you are not in formation and not in a vehicle, come to attention at the first note, face the flag, and give the required salute. If no flag is near, face the music and salute. If you are in formation, salute only on the order "Present arms.” If you are in civilian clothing, stand at attention and place your right hand over your heart. These honors also apply to the national anthems of foreign countries during to ceremonies or parades. The words to the National Anthem appear beneath the Preamble to the Constitution in this chapter (see para 1-12). • Vehicles in motion should stop. If you are in a car or on a motorcycle, dismount and salute. If you are with a group in a military vehicle or bus, remain in the vehicle. The individual in charge will dismount and salute. • When you pass or passed by colors, which are presented, paraded, or displayed, salute when the colors are six paces from you. Hold the salute until the colors are six paces beyond you.
Honors to Superiors The following rules will help you conduct yourself appropriately in the presence of officers and anyone senior to you in rank:
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• When talking to an officer, stand at attention unless given the order "At ease." When you are dismissed, or when the officer departs, come to attention and salute. • When an officer enters a room, the first Cadet to recognize the officer calls personnel in the room to attention but does not salute. You do not call a room to attention for an officer when there is a class in session. Let the instructor or person in charge make that call. When a Cadet or recruit reports indoors, render a salute to the officer. • When accompanying a senior, walk on his left. • When entering or exiting a vehicle, the junior ranking person is the first to enter, and the senior in rank is the first to exit. • When an officer enters a dining facility, unless he directs otherwise or a more senior officer is already present, the diners will be given the order "At ease" by the first person who sees the officer. You will remain seated at ease and will continue eating unless the officer directs otherwise. If you are directly addressed, you should rise to attention when seated in a chair. If you are seated on a bench, stop eating and sit at attention until the conversation ends. NOTE: The officer or NCO may give the directive "Carry on." This means the Cadet or Cadets should continue with whatever they were doing previously. This same directive may be used in many other situations outside of formation, such as in the barracks and break areas. • When outdoors and approached by an NCO, you should stand (if seated) and greet the NCO by saying, "Good morning, sergeant," "Good afternoon, sergeant," or "Good evening, sergeant (last name, if known)." • When you report to an officer for any reason, it is important to make a good first impression. If you are outdoors, approach the officer to whom you are reporting and stop about two steps from him, assuming the position of attention. Give the proper salute and say, for example, "Sir/Ma'am, Private Smith reports." If you are indoors, use the same procedures as above, except remove your headgear before reporting. However, if you are armed, do not remove your headgear.
2-13. Military Quotations.
Table 2-9 Military quotations Quotation Author “Let every nation know, whether it wishes us well or ill, that we shall pay any price, bear any burden, meet any hardship, support any friend, oppose any foe, to assure the survival and success of liberty.”
President John F. Kennedy
“Eternal vigilance is the price of freedom.” Thomas Jefferson “Winning is not a sometime thing. You do not win occasionally. You do not do things right occasionally. You do them right all the time.”
Vince Lombardi
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“You cannot be disciplined in great things and undisciplined in small things. There is only one sort of discipline – perfect discipline.”
General George S. Patton, Jr.
“You gain strength, courage, and confidence by every experience in which you really stop to look fear in the face. You must do the thing you think you cannot do.”
Eleanor Roosevelt
“Encourage us in our endeavor to live above the common level of life. Help us to choose the harder right instead of the easier wrong.”
West Point Cadet Prayer
“Perpetual optimism is a force multiplier.” General Colin Powell “I do not have to tell you who won the war, you know. The artillery did.”
General George S. Patton
"Leadership in a democratic army means firmness, not harshness; understanding, not weakness; pride, not egotism."
General Omar Bradley
"History will show that no man rose to military greatness, who could not convince his troops that he put them first."
General Maxwell Taylor
"I would rather try to persuade a man to go along, because once I have persuaded him, he will stick. If I scare him, he will stay just as long as he is scared, then he is gone."
General Dwight Eisenhower
"A leader is a man who has the ability to get other people to do what they don't want to do and like it:"
President Harry S. Truman
"If I do my full duty, the rest will take care of itself." General George S. Patton, Jr. 2-14. Promotions. The promotion system in the U.S. Army Cadet Corps is designed to challenge you and to reward you. Promotions are never a “gimme” in this organization; you will have to work for every single stripe! The Cadet ranks are split into three phases. These phases are based on the roles you will have as you progress through the Cadet Training Program and earn additional rank. Phases Phase I – Initial Entry Training You will always be learning in the USAC, but you will never have as much to learn as you do during your first three promotions. This is when you go from a non-member to being a full-fledged and highly qualified Cadet. This Phase covers the ranks of private (E-1), private 2 (E-2) and private first class (E-3). In the Army, these are called the “junior enlisted” grades. Phase II – One-Meter Leader Phase II covers the middle three ranks: corporal (E-4), sergeant (E-5), and staff sergeant (E-6). In the Army, corporals are considered “junior NCOs” while sergeants and staff sergeants are NCOs. In the USAC, these three grades are simply NCO grades. During your time in these three grades, your focus will be on directly leading
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your troops. You will supervise their daily activities, train them and work with them constantly. You will also begin to familiarize yourself with company staff roles in preparation for entering Phase III.
Figure 2-7. A USAC Cadet receives a promotion to C/SFC from MG Mari Eder, USAR
Phase III - Command Staff Phase III covers the final three ranks you can attain as a Cadet: sergeant first class (E-7), first sergeant (E-8) and sergeant major (E-9). During your time in these “senior NCO” grades, you will mostly be responsible for assisting the officers who plan and execute parts of the Cadet Training Program at your local unit, and you may get selected to serve in senior leadership roles – Cadet platoon sergeant, Cadet first sergeant, or battalion Cadet sergeant major. 2-15. Cadet Training Program. The USAC Cadet Training Program develops the “whole Cadet”. That is, the program covers academic skills, physical fitness, military skills, and personal development. The Cadet Training Program consists of five components, which create the requirements for each promotion:
• Military Science o Common Task Training o Military History and Philosophy
• Leadership • Ethical Leadership • Community Service and Drug Demand Reduction • Physical Fitness
A Cadet promotion chart, with requirements for each promotion can be found in Appendix A, at the end of this handbook. Resident Schools Resident schools are schools that you attend away from your home station. Most resident schools are held during Annual Training (AT). AT is a period each summer
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when USAC units from across the country train together at a military installation in the United States. You must attend AT every summer! Failure to attend AT two years in a row may result in your dismissal from the USAC. Other resident schools may be offered at other times: during the summer before or after AT, or during other school breaks. There are several resident schools in the USAC. Three of them are required to complete the Cadet Program. The first resident school you will attend is Basic Cadet Training (BCT). BCT is a 16 day course that serves as the USAC's “boot camp.” BCT is tough, and it’s meant to be. You will need to set goals, push your limits and excel to graduate and earn the title 'Cadet'. But, you will have an amazing experience and make friends you will have for the rest of your life. You must complete BCT before you can promote to private first class (E-3). Note: If you have previous experience in a Recognized Cadet Corps and have attended a minimum seven-day summer training program with them, you may be eligible to bypass BCT and attend the one week long Cadet Transition Course (CTC). If you successfully complete the one-week CTC, you will then be inserted into the second week of BLC. If you are unsuccessful at CTC, you will be held-over for BCT.
Once you've completed BCT, you have to attend the Basic Leader Course (BLC) before you can promote to sergeant (E-5). You will attend BLC during your second Annual Training period. BLC is 23 days long and it is a mix of leadership training, military skills training, and field training. Much of this training is drawn from the leadership course taught to Army sergeants. You will have a chance to take charge during the classroom and field exercises. This may be your first real taste of leading! BLC meets your resident school requirements for promotion through staff sergeant.
You will attend the Cadet Non-Commissioned Officer Course (CNCOC) during your third Annual Training period. Like BLC, CNCOC is 23 days long. This course is a mixture of advanced leadership training, military skills training, and on-the-job training. Just as BLC is drawn from an Army leadership course, CNCOC is drawn from the course taught to Army staff sergeants. You will constantly be given opportunities to take charge and your performance will be evaluated regularly. Successfully completing CNCOC makes you eligible for E-7 and beyond.
Note: Highly qualified Cadets may be selected to attend Troop Handler Academy (THA) instead of CNCOC during their third summer of training. Cadets who attend THA must complete an online program of instruction to receive credit for CNCOC and to be eligible for promotion to E-7. 2-16. Physical Fitness.
Physical fitness is a big part of life in the military. The same is true of life as a Cadet or Recruit. During Recruit Orientation, you will take the President’s Challenge Physical Fitness test twice. You will take the President’s Challenge Physical Fitness Test three times during BCT.
To complete Recruit Orientation, you must pass the USAC Minimum Fitness Standards, which are shown below. Cadets and recruits who achieve Presidential Standards may wear the Presidential emblem on the physical training t-shirt, sweatshirt,
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and the optional jacket. Cadets and Recruits who achieve Presidential Standards twice in a row can earn the USAC Physical Excellence Ribbon.
Every Recruit and Cadet in the USAC must take the U.S. Army Physical Fitness Test during their unit’s April drill. This isn’t required for promotion, but it will make you familiar with Army physical fitness standards. You will be scored using the standards for 17-21 year-old Soldiers.
Figure 2-8. Presidential physical fitness standards
Figure 2-9. National physical fitness standards
Figure 2-10. USAC minimum physical fitness standards
2-17. Community Service and Drug Demand Reduction.
You must complete community service projects and Drug Demand Reduction (DDR) presentations during your career as a USAC Cadet. Community service is part of the USAC mission – “…the importance of… service to others…” - and is a way for our members to help out in their communities. DDR is part of the National Guard Bureau’s Counterdrug Operations mission, and is meant to spread the anti-drug message to young people across America and to build leadership among America’s youth.
2-18. Awards and Decorations of the USAC.
Decorations are awarded to individuals for heroic acts or meritorious service. Some of these decorations are shown and described in Figure 2-11, arranged in order of precedence.
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Unit awards are made to a USAC unit for outstanding performance. They are worn permanently by those Cadets who were members of that unit during the period of time specified by the award. Qualification awards are conferred on individuals for completing individual training requirements. Examples of some commonly encountered qualification awards are shown in Figure 2-12, arranged in their order of precedence.
Award Image Award Name and Criteria
The USAC Lifesaving Medal is awarded to any member who has demonstrated both unusual heroism and extraordinary skill or resourcefulness in saving, or attempting to save, a life and in doing so completely disregarded his own personal safety by placing himself at extreme risk.
The Daughters of the American Revolution (DAR) ROTC Medal is authorized to be awarded by the Daughters of the American Revolution to no more than one Cadet per unit who is a graduating high school senior and has demonstrated dependability, good character, military discipline, leadership, and a fundamental patriotic understanding of the importance of Cadet training. Nominations may be made to the local DAR Chapter Regent, who will normally present the award, consisting of a bronze medal and ribbon bar.
The Sons of the American Revolution (SAR) Good Citizen Medal is authorized to be awarded by the Sons of the American Revolution to no more than one Cadet per unit who has attained the grade of E-5 or above and is in good standing militarily and scholastically at the time of selection and presentation. The Cadet nominated must demonstrate superior leadership qualities, military bearing, and excellence in the performance of duties; and have the potential for greater leadership responsibilities. Nominations may be made to the local SAR Chapter President, who will normally present the award, consisting of a bronze medal, ribbon bar and a certificate of recognition.
The USAC Good Conduct Medal is awarded to Cadets for exemplary behavior, efficiency, and fidelity based on conduct for 12 consecutive months of active service with at least 90% attendance.
The USAC Outstanding Volunteer Service Medal is awarded to USAC personnel who perform a service that is beneficial in nature to a Federal, State, County or local government, hospital or medical center, school, veterans' organization, service organization (Red Cross, Salvation Army, etc.), or other youth group. The service must be at least 50 hours in duration, accumulated within 12 consecutive months. Hours worked must be certified by an official of the recipient organization. The hours may be accumulated by service to one or more organizations. The member is responsible for obtaining and retaining the work certifications until required hours have been accumulated.
Figure 2-11. Selected USAC decorations Service awards are awarded for meeting particular requirements for recruiting or serving as a staff member during Annual Training. An example is shown in Figure 2-13. Marksmanship badges are awarded to individuals who qualify because they have demonstrated the safe handling of and proficiency and skill with rifles and/or pistols. A full USAC awards chart is available in Appendix B.
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Award Image Award Name and Criteria
The USAC Academic Excellence Ribbon is awarded to Cadets who distinguish themselves in an academic environment by meeting the following criteria:
• Achieves a 3.0 based on a 4.0 scale (letter grade "B") or better grade point average for a semester during the regular school year while enrolled as a full-time student.
• Makes no grade below "C." • Subsequent awards can be earned for each semester the Cadet meets the
above criteria with a maximum of two awards per school year.
The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) Drug Demand Reduction Service Ribbon is authorized to be awarded to USAC personnel who display outstanding skills in the areas of leadership, perseverance and courage in the community as a drug-free role model and who fulfill the following:
• Successful completion of eight prescribed substance abuse lectures from the Department of Defense Drug Demand Reduction program, or school-based Drug Abuse Resistance Education (DARE) program.
• Perform three anti-drug presentations at a school, civic, church, youth group or other community-based audience of at least ten people, lasting at least 20 minutes.
• Provide awareness to the ideas of a drug-free lifestyle to community, school, church or other youth-related organizations via newspaper articles, radio or TV stories, displays or participation in other youth activities.
• The Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) distinguishing device may be awarded to personnel who further distinguish themselves by giving 11 or more anti-drug presentations as described above.
The USAC Basic Cadet Training Ribbon is awarded to Cadets who successfully complete an approved course of instruction in recruit training of not less than sixteen consecutive days or the Cadet Transition Course. A letter "H" may be awarded to those Cadets who have been designated as honor graduates.
Figure 2-12. Selected USAC qualification awards
Award Image Award Name and Criteria
The USAC Recruiting Ribbon is awarded to USAC personnel who are directly credited with the enrollment of three new members.
Figure 2-13. Selected USAC service award
Expert with “Rifle” bar
Sharpshooter with “Pistol” bar
Marksman with “Rifle” bar
Figure 2-14. Selected USAC marksmanship badges
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2-19. Review Questions. 2-1. The U.S. Army Cadet Corps was founded on:
a. 10 April 1898 b. 10 April 1909 c. 14 June 1909 d. 14 June 1941
2-2. The original name of the U.S. Army Cadet Corps was the: a. Junior Marine Cadets b. New York Army Brigade c. Colonel Cody’s Boy Scouts d. American Cadet Organization
2-3. Who served as our National Commandant for the longest period of time?
a. BG Charles R. Tornow, USAC b. Commodore James H.C. Smyth, ANC c. Captain William Elliott, ANC d. RADM Gilbert G. Murdoch, USNCC
2-4. Staying physically fit includes which of the following?
a. Getting an “A” in gym class b. Wearing the proper physical fitness uniform c. Eating right and maintaining a healthy lifestyle d. Maximizing your score on the USAC physical fitness test
2-5. The Core Values of the USAC include:
a. Commitment and service b. Duty, honor, and country c. Excellence and pride d. Loyalty and integrity
2-6. If you are in uniform and hear the Army song played, you should immediately:
a. Sit at the position of attention b. Face the music and salute c. Place your hand over your heart d. Stand at attention and face the music
2-7. The Squad is led by a:
a. Squad Sergeant b. Platoon Sergeant c. Squad Leader d. Platoon Leader
2-8. National Headquarters, USAC is organized as a(n): a. Training Command b. Division c. Brigade d. Battalion
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2-9. The line of commanding officers from the National Commander down to your Company Commander or Platoon Leader is called:
a. The NCO Support Channel b. The Chain of Command c. The Chain of Authority d. The Cadet Support Committee
2-10. The following person is NOT in your chain of command:
a. Battalion Commander b. Company Commander c. Platoon Leader d. Squad Leader
2-11. What is the correct abbreviation for Cadet Private?
a. PVT b. Pvt c. C/PVT d. C/Pvt
2-12. Identify the following rank insignia:
a. Sergeant b. Corporal c. Cadet Corporal d. Cadet Sergeant
2-13. Identify the following rank insignia:
a. First Lieutenant b. Warrant Officer 3 c. Captain d. Sergeant Major
2-14. Identify the following rank insignia:
a. Cadet Staff Sergeant b. Cadet Sergeant First Class c. Cadet First Sergeant d. Cadet Sergeant Major
2-15. 1:00 p.m. is expressed as ______ in military time:
a. 0030 hours b. 0100 hours c. 1200 hours d. 1300 hours
2-16. Salutes are given to:
a. Officers and NCOs of all other Cadet Programs b. Officers and NCOs of all branches of the Armed Forces c. Officers of state police departments. d. Officers of the U.S. Armed Forces and friendly foreign military forces.
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2-17. When in uniform and Reveille is played, you should: a. Stand at attention and place your hand over your heart b. Face the flag or music and salute, if not in formation c. Face the flag or music and salute if in formation d. Do nothing different – go about your business.
2-18. The Cadet Training Program consists of ____ phases:
a. Two b. Three c. Four d. Five
2-19. In order to earn the title “Cadet,” you must complete:
a. Recruit Orientation b. BCT or CTC c. BLC d. Recruit Advancement Training
2-20. Identify the following award:
a. USAC Achievement Medal b. USAC Outstanding Volunteer Service Medal c. USAC Good Conduct Medal d. USAC Basic Cadet Training Ribbon
2-21. Identify the following award:
a. USAC Commendation Medal b. USAC Academic Excellence Ribbon c. DDR Service Ribbon d. USAC Basic Cadet Training Ribbon
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3. USAC Values. 3-1. The Cadet Oath. At the end of Recruit Orientation, you will be sworn in as a member of the USAC Corps of Cadets. But you're not a Cadet yet! You're still a Recruit and you will still need to prove yourself before you can become a full-fledged Cadet. All Recruits have to attend the two-week BCT program during Annual Training held each summer.
"I (Full Name), do solemnly promise to give true faith and allegiance to the United States of America; to be faithful and loyal to the Corps of Cadets;
to obey the orders of the Officers appointed over me; and to conduct myself so as to be a credit to my Unit, the U.S. Army Cadet Corps, the
Armed Forces and my Country." 3-2. The Cadet’s Creed. The Cadet’s Creed is based upon the Soldier’s Creed. You will memorize this Creed and understand the meaning of each line by the end of Recruit Orientation. I am a U.S. Army Cadet. I am a member of a team. I will serve my community and live the Army and Army Cadet Values. I will always strive for excellence. I will always give my all. I will never quit. I am disciplined, physically and mentally strong, trained, and proficient in my tasks and drills. I always maintain my equipment and myself. I support freedom and the American way of life. I am a U.S. Army Cadet. 3-3. The Cadet’s Code. As with the Cadet’s Creed, the Cadet’s Code is based on the U.S. Army Soldier’s Code. This code establishes the basic responsibilities of a U.S. Army Cadet – you will have this memorized by the end of recruit orientation. I I am a U.S. Army Cadet – an asset to my community and part of the greatest Nation on earth – a supporter of the Constitution of the United States. II I will treat others with dignity and respect and expect others to do the same. III I will honor my Country, the Army, the U.S. Army Cadet Corps, my unit, and my fellow Cadets and cadre by living the U.S. Army Cadet Corps and Army Values. IV No matter what situation I am in, I will never do anything for selfish purposes which will disgrace my uniform, my unit, or my Country.
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V Lastly, I am proud of my Country and its flag. I want to look back and say that I am proud to have served as an Army Cadet. 3-4. USAC Core Values. A basic part of military culture is the values of that service. All members of the service are expected to honor and live by those values. The USAC also has values that you share with everyone in the USAC; they are part of the foundation of our organization. These shared values are part of what makes us, the USAC, special and different from other youth organizations; and even different from other Cadet organizations. The Core Values of the U.S. Army Cadet Corps are Commitment, Achievement, Discipline, Education, Training, and Service. You may remember these Values through the acronym “CADETS.”
• COMMITMENT means sincere dedication to Corps and Country, selfless determination to succeed and relentless dedication to excellence. You should always try, never give up, and never willingly accept second best. • ACHIEVEMENT means setting and reaching meaningful goals.. • DISCIPLINE is mastering your mind, body and emotions. It is gained through rigorous and challenging training. • EDUCATION tells you to work hard in school (formal education) and learn from your experiences (informal education). • TRAINING is how you learn and master skills and grow as a person and Cadet. Training also means teaching others and helping them grow. • SERVICE means sharing your time and talents to build a strong community.
3-5. Army Values. In the 1990's, the Army officially adopted what are known as "The Seven Army Values''. The values are arranged to form the acronym LDRSHIP (leadership) and they are part of the basic culture of the Army. As a U.S. Army Cadet, you will know and honor the Army Values as you do the USAC Values. The Army Values are:
• LOYALTY - Bear true faith and allegiance to the U.S. Constitution, the Army, your unit, and other Soldiers. • DUTY - Fulfill your obligations, even if it calls for sacrifice. • RESPECT - Treat people as they should be treated. • SELFLESS SERVICE - Sacrifice your welfare, and your life if need be, for the country, the Army, and your Soldiers. • HONOR - Live up to the code of a U.S. Army Soldier.
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• INTEGRITY - Do what's right, legally and morally. • PERSONAL COURAGE - Face danger, adversity or death with steadfast bravery.
3-6. The Cadet Honor Code. The USAC Cadet Honor Code sets the foundation for conduct for all Cadets, at all times. Remember, even when you are not at drill, AT or some other USAC event, you still represent the USAC. If you are not morally straight, it will make the USAC and all your fellow Cadets look bad. As long as your are a USAC Cadet, you are expected to behave honorably. This is the same Honor Code that Cadets at the U.S. Military Academy at West Point live by and use to guide their actions.
"A Cadet will not lie, cheat, steal, or tolerate those who do" The four parts of the Honor Code are:
• I will not lie - Lying is not just a false statement; you can also 'lie by omission'. In other words, you can lie by not giving information. Not only are you required to be truthful, you are required to be fully truthful. Tell the truth and the whole truth, even if it will cost you in some way. • I will not cheat - Cheat has two meanings: to swindle someone or to purposefully violate rules. You should be absolutely honest whenever you deal with people. Give them fair value for what they give you. The second meaning is the one you know: to break the rules, especially when you want to gain an advantage, such as cheating on a test or cheating at a game. Neither type of cheating will be tolerated by the Corps of Cadets. • I will not steal - Simply put: stealing is depriving someone the use of their property - even when they weren't using it. Just because a fellow Cadet isn't using his canteen doesn't mean you can “borrow” it. If you don't have permission and they can't use it, you've stolen it. • I will not tolerate those who lie, cheat or steal - When you tolerate something it means you are putting up with it without complaining. If one of your fellow Cadets violates the Honor Code, you are duty bound - and honor bound - to report the violation.
These are simple rules and the things they prohibit are things that no honorable person should do or allow. You should find it easy to live by them. And only if you live by them can you be a member of our Corps. 3-7. Review Questions. 3-1. Volunteering to help with a charity drive in your community demonstrates which USAC Core Value?
a. Commitment b. Education c. Training d. Service
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3-2. You can demonstrate the USAC Core Value of Discipline by:
a. Taking advanced placement classes in school, even though it means extra homework.
b. Exercising regularly, even when you don't feel like it. c. Volunteering at a food drive, even though you have to give up a varsity sport. d. Taking time to teach a Recruit who is having trouble, even though he isn't in your
platoon. 3-3. The USAC Core Value of Achievement tells you to:
a. Set goals that might not be easy and work hard to reach them. b. Do the things that are required of you and help others to do the same. c. Promote as quickly as you can in the USAC. d. Stay on course to complete any goals you set.
3-4. Putting everything you have into a task shows the USAC Core Value of:
a. Commitment b. Education c. Training d. Service
3-5. The USAC Core Value of 'Education' means you:
a. Should do extra credit assignments in school. b. Have to receive good grades in order to stay in the Corps of Cadets. c. Should try to learn from every experience. d. Will learn more in the USAC than in school.
3-6. The U.S. Army Values are arranged to suggest what word?
a. Honor b. Fidelity c. Courage d. Leadership
3-7. The U.S. Army Value of Respect tells you to:
a. Treat people as they should be treated. b. Behave properly toward your superiors. c. Do not steal or abuse another's property. d. Honor the differences between people.
3-8. According the U.S. Army Values, Integrity is:
a. Doing what is right, legally and morally. b. Treating people as they should be treated. c. Living up to a code of behavior. d. Facing danger, adversity or death with bravery.
3-9. According to the Cadet Honor Code, Lying is both telling a falsehood and:
a. Accusing another of something you have done. b. Not giving complete information. c. Refusing to incriminate yourself.
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d. Knowingly breaking a rule. 3-10. According to the Cadet Honor Code, swindling someone is an example of:
a. Lying b. Cheating c. Stealing d. Tolerating
3-11. If you borrow something without asking, even if you return it, you are guilty of:
a. Lying b. Cheating c. Stealing d. Tolerating
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4. Standards of Conduct.
4-1. Cadet Code of Discipline.
Military discipline is founded on self-discipline, respect for authority, and values that support the military ethic. Military discipline is developed through individual and group training to create an attitude that will result in proper conduct and obedience to lawful authority. There are three basic rules:
• Know the rules. • Obey the rules. • Take responsibility for your actions.
As with the Armed Forces of the United States, USAC officers and Cadets are held to the highest standards of conduct and discipline. All members are expected to show the USAC core values in their daily lives. Since the USAC is modeled after the Armed Forces, we have a uniform method of administering discipline within the Corps of Cadets. The standards for Cadets, known as the Cadet Code of Discipline, as outlined below and in Appendix C, are similar to those used by the military. The section below only contains immediate dismissal and potential dismissal offenses; however, you must be familiar with all articles of the Cadet Code of Discipline (Appendix C) before completing Recruit Orientation.
IMMEDIATE DISMISSAL OFFENSES
Immediate dismissal offenses are those which as the name says, require immediate dismissal from the USAC.
Article 1: Drugs/Narcotics/Misuse of a Controlled Substance. No Cadet shall at any time, whether in a duty capacity or not, consume, chew, smoke, inhale, ingest or inject in himself, or permit himself to be injected with, any form of narcotic, illegal substance or drug; nor shall he bring or cause to be brought onto an USAC facility, to include Department of Defense or other governmental facilities temporarily utilized for USAC training, or into his quarters, or in any other way be in possession or control of, any narcotic, illegal substance or drug of any description, nor shall he inject in another person, sell or present to another person, any narcotic, illegal substance or drug of any description. Steroids not prescribed by a physician will be considered illegal substances for the purposes of this punishable offense as will medications obtainable only by prescription.
Article 2: Alcoholic Beverages. No Cadet shall at any time consume or bring or cause to be brought onto an USAC training facility, to include Department of Defense or other governmental facilities temporarily utilized for USAC training, or into his quarters or otherwise in his possession, alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer or liquor of any type, nor shall he present to another Cadet, or act as an agent in the purchase or sale to another Cadet, any alcoholic beverages of any type. POTENTIAL DISMISSAL OFFENSES
Potential dismissal offenses are those which may result in dismissal from the USAC after the second offense.
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Article 3: Alcoholic Beverages. No Cadet shall at any time, consume alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer or liquor of any type; nor shall he present to another person, or act as an agent in the purchase or sale to another person, any alcoholic beverages of any type, while participating in a USAC activity in a non-duty capacity, or when off-duty between USAC activities. Article 4: Assault. No Cadet shall assault, or threaten to assault by words or actions, another Cadet, member of the USAC Officers’ Corps, or any other person. Article 5: Battery. No Cadet shall strike, kick, bump, clutch or touch in an aggressive manner another Cadet, member of the USAC Officers’ Corps, or any other person. Article 6: Misappropriation/Stealing/Shoplifting. No Cadet shall steal, take, borrow or appropriate any property or money of another Cadet or person, institution or commercial business without a correct business transaction and a proper receipt. Unauthorized use of another’s credit card, calling card, or telephone code is considered stealing. Article 8: A Combination of Lesser Offenses. A Combination of Lesser Offenses as listed in Section 3 (Other Punishable Offenses) may result in dismissal. Article 13: Conduct of Immoral or Unethical Nature Which May Bring Discredit Upon the Armed Forces or the U.S. Army Cadet Corps. No Cadet shall at any time exhibit conduct of a nature which injures the reputation of the Armed Forces or the USAC. Included in the conduct prescribed within this article is promiscuous sexual conduct or indecent acts. a. Conduct Prejudicial. No Cadet shall, in words or actions, conduct himself in a manner prejudicial to the good order and discipline of the USAC. b. Conduct, Improper Marriage. No Cadet shall be married while participating as a Cadet. Cadets who are age 17 and found to be married will be dismissed as a Cadet, and required to apply for an appointment as an Officer Candidate. Cadets younger than age 17 and found to be married will be dismissed as a Cadet. c. Conduct Unbecoming. No Cadet shall, in words or actions, conduct himself in a manner unbecoming the Armed Forces or the USAC. Article 25: Hazing. No Cadet shall haze another Cadet by ordering or demanding unnecessarily disagreeable work, exercise, drill or other activities, or by unnecessary harassment, abuse, ridicule or humiliation. This does not preclude motivational training for Cadet Recruits, as outlined in USAC Instruction 1513.2 (Series), Motivational Training for Cadet Recruits While Attending Recruit Training. Article 28: Mail Tampering. No Cadet shall open another Cadet’s mail, or other person’s mailbox or mail, nor shall he hold or read the mail of another Cadet or person without his permission. Article 30: Misbehavior of a Sentinel. No Cadet shall, while serving as a sentry, fail to remain in an alert status while assigned a duty that requires them to be awake.
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Article 32: Moral Turpitude. No Cadet shall commit or be a party to the commission of any act that is foul, base, ugly, shameful or obscene. Article 34: Negligence. No Cadet shall act with negligence in a manner that might bring about the injury of another Cadet or person; nor shall he act with negligence in a manner that might bring about the damage or destruction of government, USAC, or private property. Article 46: Vandalism/Damage/Destruction. No Cadet shall willfully, or through negligence, deface, damage or destroy any property, facility or equipment of the government or USAC, another Cadet, or another person or any public or private institution or commercial business. Article 47: Weapons Unauthorized. No Cadet shall have in his possession a weapon such as a firearm, blade, razor, stick, chain or any object of any substance or shape that is intended by design or the holder to do harm, except weapons issued or approved by competent authority for the purpose of military instruction, duty or ceremony. Article 48: Wrongful Possession. No Cadet shall have in his possession the property, to include uniform items, or money of another Cadet or of any other person, institution or commercial business without proof of a correct business transaction and a proper receipt. 4-2. Appropriate Behavior. The phrase “appropriate behavior” describes how you, as a good Cadet, are expected to behave. You are a Cadet twenty-four hours a day and you should always behave honorably. How you act reflects upon yourself, your unit, and those who have gone before you. Examples of inappropriate behavior include alcohol and drug abuse, and intolerance of others. As a Cadet, you can discourage inappropriate behavior by promoting:
• Behavior that is based on the USAC and Army Values. • Tolerance of those different from us. • Ethical decision-making. • Adherence to the Cadet Code of Discipline.
You can also help prevent inappropriate behavior by demonstrating respect for others, their property, and respect for yourself. 4-3. Alcohol and Drug Abuse. Your success in the U.S. Army Cadet Corps is dependent upon you being a good Cadet on and off duty. As a Cadet, you must not use illegal drugs or abuse prescription and over-the-counter medicines, and you must avoid the misuse of alcohol. If you abuse these substances, you will be subject to administrative actions and may by dismissed from the USAC. Illegal use or abuse of alcohol and drugs does not fit with our values, our mission, and your Cadet oath. Substance abusers cannot maintain the standards of performance, discipline, and readiness required of you as a Cadet.
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4-4. Consideration of Others. One the greatest strengths of America is the diversity of our society and military. No other nation is as diverse as ours; no other nation is as strong. The differences between us – and our ability to embrace and accommodate those differences – are part of what makes us Americans. As a USAC Cadet, you must be considerate and accepting of these differences. Consideration is being aware of the feelings and needs of others, and having a good effect on those feelings and needs. It also means being fair and supporting others. The goal is to strengthen the Cadet Corps by building the team with trust, dignity, and respect for others. 4-5. Dignity and Respect. Respect is one of the seven Army Values that USAC Cadets are expected to live by. The rule is simple: treat others as they should be treated. As a Cadet, you will be trained in a safe and secure environment, and treated with dignity and respect at all times. Treating people with dignity and respect promotes Army and USAC rules about sexual harassment, racial and gender equality, consideration of others, and core Army and USAC values. If you are the victim of harassment or threats, report it to your chain of command. Commanders at every level will take appropriate action to prevent harassment or threats and provide safe and secure environments. 4-6. Building a Positive Attitude. A Cadet will face challenges every day, in training and in everyday life. A successful Cadet is often the one who can “bounce back” and adapt to change. How should you deal with challenges? Simple: with a positive attitude. A positive attitude helps us “bounce back” and overcome difficulties or challenges. “Bouncing back” does not mean you do not feel fear, sadness, or pain. We all are afraid or sad at times; we're all human. It's what you do to “drive on” despite your fear that counts. Being able to bounce back isn’t something we’re born with; it is attitudes and skills that anyone can learn and develop. Cadets learn to be bounce back by succeeding at challenging training, by being “mentally strong” and by gaining strength from their teammates. Common causes of fear and sadness are:
• Being away from home and loved ones, especially for the first time. • Uncertainty: Fear of challenging tasks and forced changes in your schedule or personal habits. • Fear of failure: That you won't be able to keep up with everybody else or that you will let your team down in some way.
Everyone reacts to new events in different ways, but common, normal reactions we all have are:
• Sleeping poorly.
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• Not eating well. • Feeling angry, sad, or hopeless. • Feeling like you want to quit or run away.
There are positive actions you can take to help yourself:
• Connect with family and friends. Staying connected with your family and friends who care about you and will listen to you will help you stay strong, especially during BCT. Write letters so you will get letters. Make new friends with the other Recruits on your team. Your new friends will help make a challenging experience into a fun one! • Keep things in balance. Try not see every problem a disaster that can't be solved. You can change how you see and feel about events. Is this event really the “end of the world?” Embrace change. Change is part of growing up and becoming an adult. Change can be a positive thing, and your attitude can help you find the “silver lining.” For example, you may have sore muscles at first, but you will also be getting stronger every day and week you are at BCT. • Keep your eye on your goals. Whatever you want to be in life, you will have to spend a lot of time learning the skills you need. There will be days when you - and everyone else - will be tired, sore and frustrated. Develop some small goals. What is one thing you can do better today? Remember why you became a USAC Cadet and what you want to do as a Cadet next month or next year. No matter why you joined, your short time in Recruit Orientation and BCT is helping you get to that goal. • Make positive changes. Don't ignore problems or just wish they would go away. Even if you can't fix it right now, it will help to do something positive. Write a letter, talk to a friend or chaplain, etc. If you are feeling overwhelmed, think about someone on your team who seems to have it all together and ask for help or advice. The USAC has a lot of resources for all kinds of problems (talk to your platoon sergeant or Troop Handler). If you are feeling nervous or overwhelmed, stop what you are doing, take three deep breaths, tense all your muscles for a ten-count, then relax. Repeat this ten times. • Grow from experience. You will find you become stronger by overcoming challenges; and that beating obstacles through hard work makes you feel better about yourself. How can you improve to do better next time? When you make a mistake (and we all make mistakes), how can you fix it and what did you learn from it? • Believe in yourself and encourage yourself by thinking positively. “I’m a strong person.” “I can improvise, adapt, and overcome to succeed in a tough situation.” “I like learning new things.” “I'm here because I want to be here.” Be confident in your ability to handle challenges and solve problems. After all: only the best and brightest young Americans can be U.S. Army Cadets! • Take care of yourself. You must get enough sleep, food, and water, or you can't think or perform. Never make an important decision when you are tired, hungry, angry, or sad. Not hungry? Eat something anyway. Don’t like the new food? Eat something you do like, or just eat something. Guess what? Your food tastes will change in a few days.
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Everyone sometimes feels that the world is unfair, that “bad things happen to good people”. The important thing is to look for ways to change your life in a positive direction. YOU can make it. You will be on the graduation parade field before you know it, feeling happy and proud that you earned the privilege to be a Cadet. Your parents and friends will cheer because they know it was tough, but that you were tougher. Remember, your fellow Cadets need you beside them. It’s the team that succeeds and overcomes every challenge. 4-7. Ethical Decision Making. Ethical decisions are choices about right and wrong. They are choices in which we use our personal values or morals. These decisions can have a far-reaching effects on you, your unit, and the Corps of Cadets. It is up to you to make ethical decisions. An ethical decision is one that complies with the six USAC Core Values and the seven Army Values. The ethical decision making process involves asking yourself these questions, and then acting:
• What problem am I facing? • What are my choices? • Which choice is most consistent with USAC and Army values and regulations? • Make your decision and execute your plan.
4-8. Review Questions. 4-1. Which of the below is not one of the three basic rules?
a. Know the rules. b. Walk your post in a military manner. c. Obey the rules. d. Take responsibility for your actions.
4-2. Which of the following are Immediate Dismissal Offenses? a. The misuse of drugs, narcotics or other controlled substances. b. Alcoholic beverages. c. Missing a unit drill. d. Both a & b above.
4-3. What is one way you can build a positive attitude? a. Eat better foods. b. Watch more TV. c. Keep your eyes on your goals. d. Make more friends.
4-4. What is an ethical decision? a. A decision you can live with. b. A decision that complies with the USAC Core Values and the Army Values. c. A decision made by your chain of command. d. A decision that ensures you will succeed.
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4-5. What are some examples of normal reactions to changing events? a. Sleeping and eating poorly. b. Feeling angry, sad or hopeless. c. Feeling like you want to quit or run away. d. All of the above.
4-6. A Cadet who conducts him or herself in a manner unbecoming the USAC or the Armed Forces would be guilty of:
a. Hazing b. Conduct Unbecoming c. Misbehavior d. Negligence
4-7. Cadets may not possess ___________.
a. Chewing Gum b. Teddy Bears c. MP3 players d. Weapons
4-8. What is the object of consideration of others?
a. Give all Cadets a “Can Do” attitude. b. Foster and strengthen the Cadet environment. c. Make everybody happy. d. Prevent fights.
4-9. What is the “Golden Rule?”
a. Treat everybody the same. b. He who has the gold, makes the rules. c. A MAJ is higher in rank than a LTC. d. Treat other as you wish to be treated.
4-10. You are a cadet_____________
a. 24 hrs a day. b. Only when you’re wearing a uniform. c. Only at unit drills. d. Because you want to be.
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5. Basic Cadet Skills. 5-1. Critical Items. Now that you are a Recruit - and will soon be a Cadet, there are a few things you should always have with you when you are in uniform.
• Watch - It's tough to get to a formation or class on time if you don't know what time it is. And it's even more important to know the time when you're an NCO, because you'll be responsible for making sure a lot of other people are on time, too. If you don't have one, get a cheap digital watch. They can be read at night, they have alarms to remind you of important events, they're very accurate and they can take a beating. And, if it gets destroyed, it was a cheap digital watch, no big deal. Note: A cell phone is not a substitute for a watch. You will have to turn over your cell phone during drills and during BCT. Get a watch. • Notebook - Military members are never without a notebook. There is so much to do and so much to remember that nobody even tries to keep it in their head. Instead, everyone uses a notebook – ACU sleeve pockets and leg pockets are even the perfect size for a small notebook! Almost any pocket-sized notebook will do. If you're going into the field, put it into a plastic bag to keep it dry. When someone is giving you information, ask them to wait a minute and pull it out so you can write down what they're telling you. • Pencil and Pen - It doesn't do you much good to have a notebook if you don't have anything to write with. You should have a pencil and a black ink pen with you at all times.
5-2. Phonetic Alphabet and Numbers. The phonetic alphabet was created to make it easier to communicate over military radios. It is a series of short words that designate letters of the alphabet. These words are used around the world by the military and for air transportation. They were chosen because they can be spoken and understood in most languages.
Table 5-1 Phonetic alphabet
Letter Word Letter Word Letter Word Letter Word A Alpha H Hotel O Oscar V Victor B Bravo I India P Papa W Whiskey C Charlie J Juliet Q Quebec X X-Ray D Delta K Kilo R Romeo Y Yankee E Echo L Lima S Sierra Z Zulu F Foxtrot M Mike T Tango G Golf N November U Uniform When spelling with the phonetic alphabet, you use the phonetic word in place of the letter. The word “Cadet” would be spelled "Charlie Alpha Delta Echo Tango". The
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phonetic alphabet is a basic skill you must master and you'll find that with very little practice, you'll be able to Sierra Papa Echo Lima Lima with Echo Alpha Sierra Echo. There were other versions of the phonetic alphabet in use before the modern version was chosen. The American version began "Able, Baker, Charlie, Dog, Easy...". You can still hear them being used in movies about World War II (the movie Band of Brothers follows “Easy” Company which today would be called “Echo” Company). You can find out more about phonetic alphabets on the Internet. Just as the phonetic alphabet is meant for use on the radio, there is a way use numbers on the radio to make them easier to understand. The key is to use the place designator for each digit when reading off the number. But, first, here are the pronunciations for the numbers.
Table 5-2 Phonetic numbers Number Pronunciation Number Pronunciation
1 Wun 6 Six 2 Two 7 Seven 3 Tree 8 Eight 4 Fower 9 Niner 5 Fife 0 Zeero
These are the only digits used. Notice that there are no 'teens' and no tens (twenty, thirty, and so on). That's because those numbers aren't used. Instead, the digits are read from left to right. So the number 10 isn't read as 'ten', but as 'Wun Zeero'; and 11 is 'Wun Wun', and so on. Above 99 (Niner Niner), the place designators are read. So, 100 is 'Wun Hundred' and not 'Wun Zeero Zeero'. Here are some examples to help you.
Table 5-3 Phonetic number examples Number Read As
50 Fife Zero 101 Wun Hundred Wun 111 Wun Hundred Wun Wun 990 Niner Hundred Niner Zero 1,000 Wun Thousand 1,050 Wun Thousand Fife Zero 10,000 Wun Zero Thousand
Strings of numbers - like a telephone number or a serial number - should always be read as a series of single numbers. The phone number '555-1010' shouldn't be given as “Fife Hundred Fife Fife Wun Thousand Wun Zeero”, but instead it should be given as “Fife Fife Fife Wun Zero Wun Zeero.”
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5-3. The Buddy System. The USAC Buddy System assigns a buddy to every Recruit. Only same-gender Recruits will be buddies. You will be paired so that your strengths will compliment those of your buddy. Buddies have a number of responsibilities, including:
• Never leave the area without your buddy. • Tell your buddy where you will be while you are in the area. • Pass on all the information you are given to your buddy. • Talk about each day's training and the next day's activities. • Lean on each other for problem solving. Help each other. • Encourage your buddy to succeed. • Help your buddy by checking his appearance and conduct. • Tell your platoon sergeant or Troop Handler of any problems your buddy is having. • Help your buddy live the USAC and Army values.
The Cadet’s responsibilities to the team include: • Commit to the squad, platoon, company, and unit. • Cooperate with peers to accomplish goals. • Adopt standards and values of the unit.
5-4. Drill and Ceremonies. Many drill procedures used by the military today were developed during the Revolutionary War. The purpose of the drill then was to instill discipline in American Soldiers. As these Soldiers mastered the art of the drill, they began to work as a team and develop a sense of pride in themselves and in their unit. In today's military, the same objectives–teamwork, confidence, pride, alertness, attention to detail, esprit de corps, and discipline - are accomplished by drill. A drill consists of a series of movements by which a unit or individuals are moved in an orderly, uniform manner from one formation or place to another. Units vary in size, but in BCT, you will ordinarily be part of a squad, section, platoon, or company. The USAC bases its drill and ceremonies on the Army’s guidance on the subject. This guidance can be found in FM 3-21.5, Drill and Ceremonies. The information for this publication was drawn from the July 2003 edition of FM 3-21.5, with Change 1 dated April 2006. The basics of drill include: ATTENTION: The position of attention is the basic military position from which most other drill movements are executed. Two commands can be used to put personnel at the Position of Attention:
1. FALL IN is used to assemble a formation or return it to its original configuration. 2. The two-part command for Attention is used for soldiers at a rest position.
Assume the Position of Attention on the command FALL IN or the command Squad (Platoon), ATTENTION.
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• To assume this position, bring the heels together sharply on line, with the toes pointing out equally, forming a 45-degree angle. Rest the weight of the body evenly on the heels and balls of both feet. Keep the legs straight without locking the knees. Hold the body erect with the hips level, chest lifted and arched, and the shoulders square. • Keep the head erect and face straight to the front with the chin drawn in so that alignment of the head and neck is vertical. • Let the arms hang straight without stiffness. Curl the fingers so that the tips of the thumbs are alongside and touching the first joint of the forefingers. Keep the thumbs straight along the seams of the trouser leg with the first joint of the fingers touching the trousers. • Remain silent and do not move unless otherwise directed.
Note: This position is assumed by Cadets when addressing officers, or when officers are addressing officers of superior rank.
Figure 5-1. Position of attention
PARADE REST: Parade Rest is commanded only from the Position of Attention. The command for this movement is Parade, REST.
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1. On the command of execution REST, move the left foot about 10 inches to the left of the right foot. Keep the legs straight without locking the knees, resting the weight of the body equally on the heels and balls of the feet.
2. Simultaneously, place the hands at the small of the back and centered on the belt. Keep the fingers of both hands extended and joined, interlocking the thumbs so that the palm of the right hand is outward
3. Keep the head and eyes as in the Position of Attention. Remain silent and do not move unless otherwise directed. Stand at Ease, At Ease, and Rest may be executed from this position.
Note: Cadets assume this position when addressing all noncommissioned officers or when noncommissioned officers address noncommissioned officers of superior rank.
Figure 5-2. Position of parade rest
STAND AT EASE: The command for this movement is Stand at, EASE. On the command of execution EASE, execute Parade Rest, but turn the head and eyes directly toward the person in charge of the formation or the instructor. At Ease or Rest may be executed from this position.
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AT EASE: The command for this movement is AT EASE. On the command AT EASE, the Cadet may move; however, he must remain standing and silent with his right foot in place. The Cadet may relax his arms with the thumbs interlaced. Rest may be executed from this position. REST. The command for this movement is REST. On the command REST, the Cadet may move, talk, smoke, or drink unless otherwise directed. He must remain standing with his right foot in place. AT EASE must be executed from this position to allow Cadets to secure canteens, other equipment, and so forth prior to being given Attention. FACING AT THE HALT: The purpose of facing movements is to face a unit to the right, left or about. Facing movements are executed in two counts when halted at attention. The commands are “Right, FACE” “Left, FACE” and “About, FACE.” While facing, your arms should not swing out from your sides, but remain at the position of attention.
• Left, FACE is a two-count movement. 1. On the command of execution FACE, slightly raise the right heel and left toe,
and turn 90 degrees to the left on the left heel, assisted by a slight pressure on the ball of the right foot. Keep the left leg straight without stiffness and allow the right leg to bend naturally.
2. On count two, place the right foot beside the left foot, resuming the Position of Attention. Arms remain at the sides, as in the Position of Attention, throughout this movement.
Figure 5-3. Execution of left face
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• Right, FACE is executed in the same manner described above, substituting left for right and right for left.
• About, FACE is a two-count movement. 1. On the command of execution FACE, move the toe of the right foot to a point
touching the marching surface about half the length of the foot to the rear and slightly to the left of the left heel. Rest most of the weight of the body on the heel of the left foot and allow the right knee to bend naturally.
2. On count two, turn to the right 180 degrees on the left heel and ball of the right foot, resuming the Position of Attention. Arms remain at the sides, as in the Position of Attention, throughout this movement.
Figure 5-4. Execution of about face
HAND SALUTE: The Hand Salute is a one-count movement. The command is Present, ARMS. The Hand Salute may be executed while marching. When marching, only the Cadet in charge of the formation salutes and acknowledges salutes. When double-timing, an individual Cadet must come to Quick Time before saluting.
• When wearing headgear with a visor (with or without glasses), on the command of execution ARMS, raise the right hand sharply, fingers and thumb extended and joined, palm facing down, and place the tip of the right forefinger on the rim of the visor slightly to the right of the right eye. The outer edge of the hand is barely canted downward so that neither the back of the hand nor the palm is clearly visible from the front. The hand and wrist are straight, the elbow inclined slightly forward, and the upper arm horizontal.
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• When wearing headgear without a visor (or uncovered) and not wearing glasses, execute the Hand Salute in the same manner as previously described, except touch the tip of the right forefinger to the forehead near and slightly to the right of the right eyebrow. • When wearing headgear without a visor (or uncovered) and wearing glasses, execute the Hand Salute in the same manner as previously described, except touch the tip of the right forefinger to that point on the glasses where the temple piece of the frame meets the right edge of the right brow. • Order Arms from the Hand Salute is a one-count movement. The command is Order, ARMS. On the command of execution ARMS, return the hand sharply to the side, resuming the Position of Attention. • When reporting or rendering courtesy to an individual, turn the head and eyes toward the person addressed and simultaneously salute. In this situation, the actions are executed without command. The Salute is initiated by the subordinate with sufficient time to allow the superior officer to acknowledge it and terminated upon acknowledgment.
Figure 5-5. Execution of the hand salute
ENTERING A ROOM: When entering a room, follow the procedure outlined below:
• Knock three times – Be sure they are very loud! • Center in doorway when told - Wait until an officer or NCO acknowledges with the command “Enter” • Sound off to the senior person in the room - "Recruit Jones requests permission to speak with (name and rank of the person you wish to speak with), Sir. • After permission is granted, walk to within three paces of the person you wish to speak with - Uncover, unless on watch or outside and salute. • Sound off - Recruit Jones, reporting as ordered, Sir!” • When dismissed – Take a step backwards, with left foot first, and then sound off with “Hooah!” followed by an about face.
5-5. Inspections. Inspections are a part of military life, and are an opportunity for commanders to get a quick look at the readiness of their personnel. Uniform, equipment, and personal space (rack and locker) inspections are common in the USAC. You will have two inspections during Recruit Orientation:
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• The first inspection is a personnel inspection in the recruit orientation uniform. This inspection covers general clothing appearance, compliance with grooming standards, and equipment conditions. This inspection will give recruits an introduction to USAC inspection procedures. • The second inspection is a stand-by inspection. Items to be inspected include: bunks, wall lockers, individual clothing, and equipment.
You will also undergo four inspections during BCT, covering bunks, wall and foot lockers, individual clothing, equipment, and general knowledge. Uniform inspections will cover both ACU and service dress uniforms. Throughout Recruit Orientation and BCT, you will be exposed to life in a barracks environment for the first time. Teamwork is essential to your comfort in the barracks. You are expected to clean-up after yourself and help your fellow recruits keep the barracks inspection-ready. There will be a number of drills and inspections as described above. In order to pass these inspections, you must work together as a team. To complete Recruit Orientation, you must be able completely make your bunk, working with a teammate, in less than five minutes. Bunks must be fully made at all times between reveille and taps. How to Make Your Bunk
Figure 5-6. Bunk layout as viewed from the side
Bottom (First) Sheet: Drape evenly over width of mattress. Ensure the bottom edge of sheet is flush with the foot end of mattress. Tuck excess under at the head end of mattress. Make hospital corners at head and foot ends of bed. Making Hospital Corners: First, grasp the side of sheet approximately 12 inches from the head end of mattress; then, lay the sheet on top of the mattress, creating a 45-degree angle. Tuck excess hanging down, under mattress. Next grasp 45-degree angle and without changing its shape, bring it down and tuck under mattress. Make sure sheet is completely tucked, smooth and tighten to the conformity of mattress. Top Sheet. Drape evenly over width of mattress so that the top edge of the sheet is approximately six inches from the head end of the mattress. Tuck excess under the foot end of mattress. Make hospital corners. Blanket. Drape over so that the top edge of the blanket is even with the sheet. Tuck excess under the foot end of mattress. Ensure “U.S.” insignia (if printed) is facing up
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and readable from the foot of the bed. Make hospital corners. Fold blanket and top sheet together to form a six-inch wide collar, such that the top edge of the collar is 18 inches from the top of the bed. Pillow and Pillowcase. Fold the pillow in half and put pillow inside the case, tucking in the excess pillow case material. Center the length of pillow on the width of mattress, flush with the head end of mattress. Mattress. Center the mattress on the frame. You will get more information from your platoon sergeant or troop handler, and it may be specific to your drill location or BCT site.
Figure 5-7. Bunk layout as viewed from the aisle
5-6. Personal Appearance and Uniform. Personal appearance is important - it demonstrates the pride and self-discipline you feel as an Army Cadet. Being neat and well groomed contributes to the esprit in your unit. Your uniform should fit well and be clean, serviceable, and pressed as necessary. Your uniform is only part of your appearance. To really look like a Cadet, you need to be physically fit and have a neat hairstyle that meets USAC and Army regulations. Male Recruits must maintain a “high-and-tight” haircut. Hair will be tapered from zero to 1/8 inch around the sides and back of the head, while the hair on the top of the head will be tapered from zero to two inches. Female Recruits must maintain their hair such that the hair does not fall over the eyebrows or below the bottom edge of the collar (rear of coats and shirts). Leaders will judge the appropriateness of a particular hairstyle by the appearance of headgear when worn. Extreme, eccentric, or trendy haircuts or hairstyles are not authorized. If Cadets use dyes, tints, or bleaches, they must choose those that result in natural hair colors. Colors that detract from a professional military appearance are prohibited. Therefore, Cadets should avoid using colors that result in an extreme appearance. Applied hair colors that are prohibited include, but are not limited to, purple, blue, pink, green, orange, bright (fire-engine) red, and fluorescent or neon colors. It is the responsibility of leaders to use good judgment in determining if applied colors are acceptable, based upon the overall effect on Cadets’ appearance.
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Many male hairstyles are acceptable for Cadets who have completed BCT. Male hair must not fall over the ears or eyebrows, or touch the collar (except for closely cut hair at the back of the neck). Hair should be tapered. Neither the bulk nor length of hair may interfere with the wearing of military headgear. Sideburns shall be neatly trimmed, not flared, not extend below the middle of the ear. Male Cadets are not authorized to wear any facial hair, including mustaches or beards. Females must continue to wear their hair as during Recruit Orientation and BCT. Neither the bulk nor length of hair may interfere with the wearing of military headgear. Any hair-holding ornaments, such as barrettes or hairpins, must be of a natural hair color or transparent. Female Recruits may not wear makeup, to include nail polish, unless used for a medical reason. Female Cadets may wear makeup and nail polish so long as it is conservative and complements the uniform. Unless directed to wear another type of footwear, female personnel may wear pumps with all uniforms except field uniforms. Jewelry: A wrist watch, identification bracelet, and up to two rings may be worn with your uniform as long as they are conservative and tasteful. You may wear a religious medal on a chain around your neck provided neither medal nor chain can be seen. Body piercing: Except for earrings worn by female Cadets, no objects, articles, jewelry, or ornamentation attached or affixed to or through the skin may be worn while in uniform. Neither can such adornments be worn while wearing civilian clothes (on or off duty) when on any military installation, or other places under military control. Females may wear any type of earrings off duty, on or off military installations. Tattoos: Cadets are discouraged from getting tattoos. Tattoos that are visible when wearing any uniform (including physical fitness uniforms) are not authorized. 5-7. Uniform Wear and Maintenance. You are responsible for keeping your clothing in good, serviceable condition. Clean your clothing regularly, keep it in good repair, and store it properly. Carrying large or bulky objects in your pockets is likely to change the shape of your tailored clothing. Follow the cleaning and care instructions attached to most clothing. Clean your clothing as soon as possible after it becomes soiled. Dirty clothing wears out more quickly than clean clothing because dirt cuts fibers and holds in moisture from perspiration. Coated clothing such as ponchos and raincoats should be wiped clean or washed by hand with a soft brush and warm soapy water. These items should be thoroughly rinsed and hung up to air-dry. If you need to press clothing, be sure it is clean and that the iron is not too hot. To press cotton clothing, dampen the surface of the cloth, and then apply the iron directly. Before storing clothing, be sure it is clean and dry.
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New boots should fit properly when you receive them, and must be broken in before Annual Training or BCT. Boots should have a chance to air out between uses, so you should wear one pair one day and another pair the next. Scrape dirt or mud from boots and wash with just a little water and soap. Wipe insides dry with a clean cloth and remove all soapsuds from the outside. Stuff newspaper or other paper in the toes and let boots dry in a warm, dry place. Do not put boots in the hot sun or next to a strong source of heat. Once dry, brush the rough leather outer surface with a suede brush or a plastic-bristled laundry brush. Heels of boots should be replaced after wear of 7/16 of an inch or more. Insignia Placement Each Cadet is responsible for having the correct insignia properly placed on their uniform. Insignia placement on the Army Combat Uniform (ACU) is as follows:
• The USAC shoulder sleeve insignia (SSI) will be worn centered on the pile patch on the lower portion of the left shoulder pocket. • The “CADET” tab and allergy tab will be worn on the pile patch on the upper portion (flap) of the left shoulder sleeve pocket, with the “CADET” tab placed above the allergy tab. • “ARMY CADETS” insignia will be worn on the pile patch above the left chest pocket. • The nametape (last name only) will be worn on the pile patch above the right chest pocket. • The “ARMY CADETS” and name tapes will be the length of the pile patch. • The full-color reverse-field U.S. flag replica will be worn on the pile patch on the upper portion (flap) of the right shoulder sleeve pocket. • The rank insignia is worn centered on the mid-chest pile patch. Recruits will wear a rank tab embroidered with “RECRUIT”, unless they have received a meritorious promotion to E-2. • Insignia should be procured from the Army Cadet Exchange System (ACES) at clothingsales.acacadets.org.
5-8. Personal Hygiene. The Threat of Illness Communicable diseases are caused by specific infectious organisms like viruses or bacteria transmitted from one person to another. The person who is infected may feel sick and look sick, or might carry the illness without feeling or looking sick. These diseases can rapidly degrade the ability to carry out our training mission. They can also cause significant suffering and make medical treatment necessary. Resistance to Illness Vaccines do part of the job; the rest is up to you. You are immune to most illnesses most of the time because of your own immune system. It continues with things you do to protect yourself, like keeping yourself and your environment clean; wearing a clean uniform appropriate for the season; and avoiding contact with persons who are ill, when possible.
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Do not take chances with your health. If in doubt, seek medical help. Injuries that pose a threat to your health or life are:
• Any eye injury. • Any human or animal bite that breaks the skin. • Allergic reaction to an insect bite, chemicals, or medications. • Bleeding that cannot be stopped. • Burns, including severe sunburn. • Feeling very hot and/or confused after you have been out in the heat. • You have been out in the cold and think you may have a cold injury. • If you experience any of these, report to your drill sergeant immediately to get medical care.
Other symptoms of illnesses that can threaten your health or life include:
• Tightness, pressure, or pain in your chest that spreads to your neck, jaw, arm, or back. • Shortness of breath or wheezing while resting. • Difficulty breathing or the feeling of choking. • Coughing up blood. • Difficulty speaking, swallowing, or opening your mouth. • Stiff neck with fever. • Sudden loss of vision. • Very bad pain anywhere on your body. • Weakness and dizziness. • Blood in your urine or brown urine. • Vomiting up blood or what looks like coffee grounds. • Blood in your stool or black, tar-like stools. • You feel like you might hurt yourself or others. • If you experience any of these symptoms, report to your platoon sergeant or troop handler immediately to get medical care.
Take care of your skin and hair. Regular bathing with soap and water is important for both cleanliness and personal appearance. Bathing prevents hygiene-related diseases such as scabies, ringworm, athlete’s foot, skin infections, and pink eye. You should especially wash your hands, face and ears, armpits, groin, and feet. In addition to washing your skin regularly you should:
• Wash your hair at least twice a week. • Males should shave daily. • Avoid sharing combs or razors with others.
Wash your hands regularly. Normally your immune system protects you against invasion by bacteria, viruses, and parasites; however, if your hands become contaminated with these organisms and you
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put them up to your nose or mouth, disease germs can invade your body and cause an infection. Many aspects of BCT can make you more vulnerable to respiratory illnesses, including close contact with other trainees. The physical and psychological stresses of Cadet training can make you more vulnerable to illness. In addition, your immune system may not be ready to withstand the new organisms you are exposed to when first brought together as a group. By washing or sanitizing your hands you can destroy these organisms and avoid getting sick from respiratory illnesses and diarrhea. You cannot see the organisms on your hands but they can make you very ill, and it takes soap and water or alcohol-based sanitizer to remove them. Washing your hands regularly is the single most important action you can take to keep from getting sick. The most important times that hands should be washed or sanitized are:
• After using the latrine. • Before eating or handling food. • After sneezing or blowing your nose.
Brush and floss your teeth. Brush in the morning and before going to bed.
• Use a gentle circular motion. • Take about 2 minutes to do a thorough job. • Brush your tongue for fresh breath.
Floss at least once a day.
• Use 18 inches of floss. • Gently slide the floss between your teeth. • Use a different area of the floss for each space.
Take care of your feet and nails. Athlete’s foot is caused by a fungus that lives in damp, warm, and dark areas like shower rooms, rubber boots, and old running shoes.
• Athlete’s foot usually looks like little blisters between the toes. • These blisters can pop, causing itching and little sharp pains. • The skin might also crack or look scaly. • You can get athlete’s foot from walking barefooted on unclean facilities and not washing your feet. • The symptoms include itching, flaking, and cracking between toes or on bottom of feet.
You can prevent athlete’s foot by taking the following precautions:
• Wear shower shoes while taking showers and when walking on the floor. • Use a towel to dry thoroughly between your toes. • Wear clean dry socks; never wear another Soldier’s socks. • This is why it is important to clean the showers and latrine floors daily. • Sprinkle foot powder in your socks to help absorb the moisture.
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• Remove the inserts from your boots at night to prevent fungus from growing. • If you get athlete’s foot, you need an anti-fungal solution or cream to treat it. • Wear one pair of boots one day and change to your other pair the next day.
Ingrown toenails are caused by a combination of tight shoes and trimming the toenails down to the edge of the nail. Symptoms include tenderness, swelling, sharp pain, redness, and discharge. Prevent and treat ingrown toenails by the following:
• Trim nails straight across every two weeks. • Seek medical attention for treatment. • Surgery may be necessary to remove the nail from the skin.
Blisters are caused by friction from tight fitting shoes, breaking in new boots, and road marches.
• Symptoms are redness and tenderness of the skin. • All blisters cannot be prevented, but they can be minimized. • Proper fitting boots; tight fitting, clean, dry socks free of excessive wear; second skin (mole skin) on “hot spots;” knee-high nylons; and good personal hygiene will help reduce chances of getting a blister. • Wear work gloves if working with equipment that you will be doing repetitive movements, such as raking or shoveling. • To treat a blister:
o Wash with a mild soap and water and keep your skin clean and dry. Apply a topical anti-biotic ointment to prevent infection.
o Cover with bandage or second skin to prevent from opening. o DO NOT purposely open a blister. o If blister opens, treat as you would any open cut.
Always leave the top skin of a drained blister. Pulling off the top layer of skin can damage the new skin
underneath and cause infection.
Use a deep-breathing exercise to fall asleep. During Recruit Orientation and BCT you will have the opportunity for 8 hours of continuous sleep per night (unless you are scheduled for duty such as fireguard). During field training, the length of the training day and time for sleep will vary based on training requirements. Your commander will ensure that the schedule allows sufficient time for rest during field training. When you have the opportunity to rest or sleep, follow these guidelines:
• To fall asleep at night, breathe in deeply and slowly, expanding both the abdomen and chest. • Hold for 5 seconds, and then breathe out slowly and completely.
Fueling the Body for Optimal Performance. As a Cadet, you are expected to achieve and maintain a high level of physical fitness. This fitness is not only achieved by your training, but also by how you fuel your body. Fueling with the wrong foods will lead to mental and physical fatigue and could play a
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large part in injuries and illnesses. The right kinds of food can be found in Army and USAC dining facilities and in the civilian world – optimal fueling requires a little knowledge and a little restraint. General guidelines of what your tray should be loaded with are to have ½ of your plate full of a variety of fruits and vegetables, ¼ of your plate composed of complex carbohydrates (starches), and ¼ of your plate in the form of protein. Think in terms of the following:
• ENERGY: fuel with complex carbohydrates like whole wheat breads, pasta, and cereals; brown rice, and potatoes. Avoid simple sugars (sucrose, high-fructose corn syrup) that may cause a rise in energy, followed by a crash. Some fat (nuts, unsaturated oils) is necessary in the diet to provide some energy and store vitamins, but limit intake. • MUSCLES: fuel with lean meats like (broiled or baked) fish, turkey, or chicken; eggs whites, and skim milk. • BONES: fuel with skim milk, low-fat chocolate or white milk, yogurt, or calcium-fortified juices. • PERFORMANCE, REPAIR, and GROWTH: fuel with a variety of fruits and vegetables to obtain the minerals and vitamins necessary for optimal performance. Choose a variety of colors (red, yellow, orange, green) to ensure a wide spectrum of nutrients. Choose high-fiber foods to keep the body on “go”. • COOLING: in dining facilities, choose nutrient dense fluids like skim milk, fruit juices, or vegetable juices. Also make sure to drink plenty of fresh water throughout the day and during meal times. Vegetables and fruits also contain high levels of water. Leave the energy drinks for field training.
Basic guidelines include:
• Fuel with a variety of foods. • Practice moderation in fueling with fried foods, alcohol, or high calorie “comfort” foods. • Try not to avoid meals. • The brain and muscles run on carbohydrates—do not starve them. • To lose weight, decrease calories while increasing exercise and activity. Keep the proportion of nutrients the same and do not starve the body. Fuel to lose! To gain weight, slightly increase calorie consumption while starting a resistance-training program. You want to gain muscle, not fat.
Protect your hearing. Hearing loss caused by noise is painless, progressive, permanent, and preventable. Insert your earplugs correctly whenever instructed to wear them. If you lose your earplugs, notify your platoon sergeant or troop handler immediately. 5-9. Guard Duty – General and Special Orders. One of the more common duties you will encounter during Recruit Orientation and BCT is guard duty. Guards are important everywhere due not only to threats to security,
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but also due to medical emergencies, fires, natural disasters, and other emergencies that may occur. A guard on post is governed by two sets of orders: general orders and special orders. Special orders give details on how to perform on a particular post. General orders outline the basic responsibilities of all guards. The three Army general orders are: General Order Number 1: "I will guard everything within the limits of my post and quit my post only when properly relieved."
• This general order gives you responsibility for everything that occurs within the limits of your post while on duty. • You must immediately investigate any unusual or suspicious occurrences on or near your post, provided you do not have to leave your post. • You must apprehend all suspicious persons, using only necessary force to overcome resistance. • If you should require relief for any purpose, you must contact the commander of the relief for instructions.
General Order Number 2: "I will obey my special orders and perform all my duties in a military manner."
• This general order requires you to become thoroughly familiar with the special orders before you are actually posted. • In addition to the special orders connected with your post, you are required to obey and carry out any orders or instructions from the commanding officer, field officer of the day, and officers and NCOs of the guard. • No other persons are authorized to give orders to Cadets on guard duty. • You should pass instructions and special information to your relief when appropriate.
o An example is: You are a guard on duty at the annual training unit headquarters building and discover a broken lock on an exterior storage building, which you report to the commander of the relief. You also pass the information on to your relief so that special attention can be paid to that building until the lock is repaired.
• General Order Number 2 also requires you to perform your duties in a military manner, to be courteous to all, and to speak to no one, except in the line of duty. • You must maintain an erect and military bearing. • You must salute individuals according to FM 3-21.5. • The special orders will tell you whether and when to challenge.
General Order Number 3: "I will report violations of my special orders, emergencies, and anything not covered in my instructions to the commander of the relief."
• General Order Number 3 requires you to report all special order violations and emergencies. • In case of a fire on or near your post, call fire post number
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• You should alert the occupants if the fire is in an occupied building. Also, give the alarm or make sure one is given. • Help direct fire fighting apparatus to the fire. • If a disturbance occurs that requires assistance, call guard post number ____ (fill in the blank).
5-10. Guard Duty – Interior and Exterior. Interior guard An interior guard is set up by the commander of a USAC training unit or USAC company to protect property and to enforce specific regulations. The main guard is a combination of patrols and fixed guard posts. Special guards are used to protect specific places or property. All interior guards must memorize, understand, and comply with the three general orders. When you, as a guard, are asked to state your orders by an inspecting officer, the proper answer is:
• "Sir/Ma'am, my orders are of two classes: general and special. My general orders are, Number 1: I will guard everything within the limits . . . ," continuing until stopped by the officer or until you recite all the general orders. • You should be able to answer any questions concerning the special orders for your post.
The commanding officer prescribes uniform and equipment for guard mounts. The sergeant of the guard will organize the Cadets making up the guard into a formation, using commands and movements described in FM 3-21.5, paragraph 7-7. The commander of the guard then prepares the guards for inspection. The officer of the day inspects the guards and orders those found unsatisfactory to fall out to the rear of the formation and await further instructions. The commander of the first relief prepares the relief to be posted. At the appropriate time, the old guard will be relieved by the new guard. The changing of the guard is accomplished through a ceremony conducted by the two commanders. Exterior guards Exterior guards are not as formal and restricted as interior guards are. Examples of exterior guards are listening posts, outposts, certain patrols, and other guards in field training, and guards outside the limits of a military or USAC installation. Exterior guards perform their duties according to special orders and instructions. 5-11. Guard Duty - Reacting to an Inspecting Officer. When a guard on duty is approached by an inspecting officer, these steps are followed:
• Stop walking and assume a position of attention. • When the inspecting officer approaches, render a proper hand salute. • When the salute is returned, execute order arms. • Remain at attention. • The inspecting officer will command, "At ease."
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• The inspecting officer will ask questions pertaining to the general orders. • When finished with the inspection, the inspecting officer will say, "Carry on." • Assume a position of attention and render a proper hand salute, holding it until it is returned. • Resume walking your post.
5-12. Guard Duty - Challenging Unknown Persons (Night) and Summoning the Commander of the Relief. The following steps are carried out when challenging unknown persons (night) and summoning the commander of the relief:
• Upon seeing or hearing an unknown person, issue the command "Halt.” (Person halts) • Call out "Who is/goes there?” (Unknown person identifies him/herself) • State "Advance to be recognized." • Command "Halt," when the person can be seen but not closer than 6 to 10 feet away. • Say "State your business.” (Unknown person states reason for presence in guarded area) • Require the unknown person to place their identification on the ground and move back six steps. • Check the identification while keeping the person under observation.
o If the ID and authorization do not match, move to the phone and call the commander of the relief while keeping the person under observation.
o Release the person to the commander of the relief and explain that their identification and authorization do not match.
o If the ID and authorization match, return the identification to the person and allow them to carry out their business (if they have reason to be in the guarded area). If the person does not have reason to be in the guarded area, follow the procedure above for contacting the commander of the relief.
5-13. Review Questions. 5-1. The phonetic word for the letter 'A' is:
a. Able b. Alpha c. Apple d. Adam
5-2. The proper phonetic pronunciation for the amount '5,500' is: a. Fifty fife hundred b. Fife-thousand fife-hundred c. Fife fife zero zero d. Fife fife hundred
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5-3. One of the purposes of having a buddy is: a. To have someone to eat with. b. To have someone to help you. c. To report you if you violate orders. d. To give you a lifelong friend.
5-4. American Soldiers first learned close-order drill during the:
a. French and Indian War b. Revolutionary War c. Civil War d. Spanish-American War
5-5. What branch of service gives the USAC its drill standard?
a. The Army b. The Navy c. The Marines d. The Air Force
5-6. What position should you assume when you hear the command 'FALL IN'?
a. Rest b. At Ease c. Parade Rest d. Attention
5-7. When in the position of Parade Rest, what part of your body can you move?
a. No part b. Head and eyes only c. Anything above the waist d. Anything except your right foot
5-8. You can move, but not talk, at what rest position?
a. Rest b. At East c. Parade Rest d. Attention
5-9. When at the position of Parade Rest, how should your hands and thumbs be interlaced?
a. Left against the back, right over left b. Right against the back, left over right c. It doesn't matter which hand is against your back d. You are free to move your hands when at this position
5-10. What is the command that instructs you to drop your salute after the command 'Present ARMS'?
a. Order ARMS b. Ready TWO c. Carry On d. As You Were
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5-11. The purpose of inspections during Recruit Orientation is: a. To give your leaders a look at your readiness b. To evaluate you for dismissal from the Corps c. To train Cadet NCOs how to inspect d. To force you to clean your area
5-12. What is the haircut requirement for male Recruits?
a. A 'buzz cut' with a maximum overall length of 1/4" b. A 'high and tight' with a maximum length on top of 2" c. A 'crew cut' with a maximum length on top of 1/2" d. A 'mohawk' with a maximum length on top of 4"
5-13. Who makes the final decision if a hairstyle is appropriate?
a. USAC Regulations b. You and your parents c. Your immediate supervisor d. Your unit commander
5-14. What is a key tactic to avoid athlete's foot?
a. Change your socks at every opportunity b. Scrub your boots with a stiff brush to knock off mud and dirt c. Wear shower shoes when showering d. Soak your feet in warm, salty water
5-15. General Order Number 1 is "I will guard everything within the limits of my post
and..." a. “...perform all my duties in a military manner." b. "...quit my post only when properly relieved." c. "...report violations of my special orders, emergencies, and anything not covered
in my instructions to the commander of the relief." d. "...report everything that takes place within sight or hearing."
5-16. When performing Guard Duty at night, if you see or hear someone near your
post, your first action is: a. Order "HALT!" b. Ask "Who goes there?" c. Call the Commander of the Guard d. Order "ADVANCE AND BE RECOGNIZED."
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6. Basic Marksmanship and Safety. 6-1. Basic Rifle and Range Safety. You will have the chance to learn basic rifle marksmanship (BRM) skills during BCT. This means a lot of time learning weapon and range safety before being allowed to fire a weapon on a range. This chapter will teach you some basics of rifle marksmanship, including rifle and range safety rules, basic techniques for holding a rifle and using the built-in sights, and basic firing positions. Your BRM training may be live firing with small caliber civilian rifles, live firing with military weapons (specifically, the M-16 family), or firing on a modern military weapons simulator. Regardless of the type of firing you do, you will use proper rifle handling and range safety procedures at all times. The 12 Golden Rules for Safe Rifle Handling (Applies to all Firearms)
• Always treat the rifle as loaded. • Always keep the rifle pointed in a safe direction. • Always keep your finger straight and off the trigger until you are ready to shoot. • Always keep the rifle unloaded until you are ready to use it. • Never point the rifle at anything you don't intend to destroy. • Be sure of your target and what is beyond it. • Learn the mechanical and handling characteristics of the rifle you are using. • Always use proper ammunition. • Be sure the barrel is clear of obstructions before loading and shooting. • If your rifle fails to fire when the trigger is pulled, hold your shooting position for
several seconds; then with the muzzle pointed in a safe direction, carefully unload the rifle.
• Don't rely on the rifle’s safety selector to keep it from firing. • Be aware of your surroundings when handling rifles so you don't trip or lose your
balance and accidentally point and/or fire the rifle at anyone or anything. Range Safety
• Follow the 12 Golden Rules for Safe Rifle Handling. • Know and follow all the rules of the Shooting Range. • Listen and do what the Range Master tells you to do. • If applicable, uncase and case your rifle at the shooting position, never behind
the safety line. • Always keep the barrel pointed down range. • Always keep the rifle on safe until you intend to shoot. • Always wear eye and ear protection when shooting. • Never shoot at water or hard surfaces.
6-2. Marksmanship Fundamentals. The Cadet must understand the four key rifle marksmanship fundamentals before approaching the firing line at the range.
• Establish a steady position that allows observation of the target.
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• Apply proper aiming of the rifle at the target by aligning the sight system. • Apply proper breath control without disturbing the alignment. • Apply proper trigger squeeze without disturbing the alignment.
Applying the above four fundamentals rapidly and consistently is called “the integrated act of firing.” Steady Position: When the Cadet approaches the firing line, he should assume a comfortable, steady firing position (Figure 6-1) in order to hit targets consistently. The time and supervision each Cadet has on the firing line are limited; therefore, he must learn how to establish a steady position during dry-fire training. The firer is the best judge as to the quality of his position. If he can hold the front sight post steady through the fall of the hammer, he has a good position. The steady position elements for the M-16/M-4 are as follows:
Figure 6-1. The steady position
• Non-firing handgrip: The rifle hand guard rests on the heel of the hand in the V formed by the thumb and fingers. The grip of the non-firing hand is light, and slight rearward pressure is exerted.
• Rifle butt position: The butt of the stock is placed in the pocket of the firing shoulder. This reduces the effect of recoil and helps ensure a steady position.
• Firing handgrip: The firing hand grasps the pistol grip so that it fits the V formed by the thumb and forefinger.
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o The forefinger is placed on the trigger so that the lay of the rifle is not disturbed when the trigger is squeezed.
o A slight rearward pressure is exerted by the remaining three fingers to ensure that the butt of the stock remains in the pocket of the shoulder, minimizing the effect of recoil.
• Firing elbow placement: The location of the firing elbow is important in providing balance.
o The exact location, however, depends on the firing position used, for example, kneeling, prone, or standing.
o Placement should allow shoulders to remain level. • Non-firing elbow: The non-firing elbow is positioned firmly under the rifle to allow
for a comfortable and stable position. • Stock weld: The stock weld is taught as an integral part of various positions. Two
key factors emphasized are that the stock weld should provide for a natural line of sight through the center of the rear sight aperture to the front sight post and to the target.
o The firer's neck should be relaxed, allowing his cheek to fall naturally onto the stock.
o Through dry-fire training, the Cadet is encouraged to practice this position until he assumes the same stock weld each time he assumes a given position. This provides consistency in aiming, which is the purpose of obtaining a correct stock weld.
o Proper eye relief is obtained when a Cadet establishes a good stock weld. o Cadets should begin by trying to touch his nose close to the charging
handle when assuming a firing position. • Support: If artificial support (sandbags, logs, stumps) is available, it should be
used to steady the position and to support the rifle. If it is not available, then the bones, not the muscles, in the firer's upper body must support the rifle.
o Muscle relaxation: If support is properly used, the Cadet should be able to relax most of his muscles.
o Using artificial support or bones in the upper body as support allows him to relax and settle into position. Using muscles to support the rifle can cause it to move.
• Natural point of aim: When the Cadet first assumes his firing position; he orients his rifle in the general direction of his target.
o He then adjusts his body to bring the rifle and sights exactly in line with the desired aiming point.
o When using proper support and consistent stock weld, the Cadet should have his rifle and sights aligned naturally on the target.
o When this correct body-rifle-target alignment is achieved, the front sight post must be held on target, using muscular support and effort.
o As the rifle fires, the muscles tend to relax, causing the front sight to move away from the target toward the natural point of aim.
o Adjusting this point to the desired point of aim eliminates this movement. Aiming: Focusing on the front sight post is a vital skill the firer must acquire during practice.
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• Having mastered the task of holding the rifle steady, the Cadet must align the rifle with the target in exactly the same way for each firing.
• The firer is the final judge as to where his eye is focused. • The instructor/trainer emphasizes this point by having the firer focus on the target
and then focus back on the front sight post. • Rifle sight alignment (alignment of the rifle with the target) is critical.
o It involves placing the tip of the front sight post in the center of the rear sight aperture (Figure 6-2).
o Any alignment error between the front and rear sights repeats itself for every 1/2 meter the bullet travels. For example, at the 25-meter line, any error in rifle alignment is multiplied 50 times. If the rifle is misaligned by 1/10 inch, it causes a target at 300 meters to be missed by 5 feet.
Figure 6-2. Correct sight picture
• Focus of the eye: A proper firing position places the eye directly on line with the center of the rear sight.
o When the eye is focused on the front sight post, the natural ability of the eye to center objects in a circle and to seek the point of greatest light (center of the aperture) aid in providing correct sight alignment.
o For the average Cadet firing at silhouette-type targets, the natural ability of the eye can accurately align the sights; therefore, the firer can place the tip of the front sight post on the aiming point, but the eye must be focused on the tip of the front sight post.
o This causes the target to appear blurry, while the front sight post is seen clearly.
o Two reasons for focusing on the tip of the front sight post are: Only a minor aiming error should occur since the error reflects
only as much as the Cadet fails to determine the target center. A greater aiming error can result if the front sight post is blurry due to focusing on the target or other objects.
Focusing on the tip of the front sight post aids the firer in maintaining proper sight alignment (Figure 6-2).
• Sight picture: Once the Cadet can correctly align his sights, he can obtain a sight picture.
o A correct sight picture has the target, front sight post, and rear sight aligned.
o The sight picture includes two basic elements: sight alignment and placement of the aiming point.
Rear Sight Front Sight
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Placement of the aiming point varies, depending on the engagement range.
Figure 6-3 shows a silhouette at 250 meters. The aiming point is the center of mass, and the sights are in perfect alignment. This is a correct sight picture.
A technique to obtain a good sight picture is the side aiming technique (Figure 6-4).
• The side aiming technique involves positioning the front sight post to the side of the target in line with the vertical center of mass, keeping the sights aligned.
• The front sight post is moved horizontally until the target is directly centered on the front sight post.
Figure 6-3. Correct sight picture at 250 meters
Figure 6-4. Side aiming technique
• Front sight: The front sight post is vital to proper firing and should be replaced when damaged.
• Aiming practice: Aiming practice is conducted before firing live rounds. o During day firing, the Cadet should practice sight alignment and
placement of the aiming point. o This can be done by using training aids such as the M15AI aiming card
and the target box paddle. Breath control: As the firer's skills improve and as timed or multiple targets are presented, he must learn to hold his breath at any part of the breathing cycle. Two types of breath control techniques are practiced during dry fire:
• The first is the technique used during zeroing and when time is available to fire a shot (Figure 6-5, top graph).
o There is a moment of natural respiratory pause while breathing when most of the air has been exhaled from the lungs and before inhaling.
o Breathing should stop after most of the air has been exhaled during the normal breathing cycle.
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o The shot must be fired before the Cadet feels any discomfort. • The second breath control technique is employed during rapid fire (short-
exposure targets [Figure 6-5, bottom graph]). o Using this technique, the Cadet holds his breath when he is about to
squeeze the trigger.
Figure 6-5. Breath control
Trigger squeeze: Any sudden movement of the finger on the trigger can disturb the lay of the rifle and cause the shot to miss the target. The precise instant of firing should be a surprise to the firer.
• The Cadet’s natural reflex to compensate for the noise and slight punch in the shoulder can cause him to miss the target if he knows the exact instant the rifle will fire.
• The Cadet usually tenses his shoulders when expecting the rifle to fire, but it is difficult to detect since he does not realize he is flinching.
• A novice firer can learn to place the rifle in a steady position and to correctly aim at the target if he follows basic principles.
• If the trigger is not properly squeezed, the rifle is misaligned with the target at the moment of firing.
• The trigger finger (index finger on the firing hand) is placed on the trigger between the first joint and the tip of the finger (not the extreme end) and is adjusted depending on hand size, grip, and so on.
o The trigger finger must squeeze the trigger to the rear so that the hammer falls without disturbing the lay of the rifle.
o When a live round is fired, it is difficult to see what effect trigger pull had on the lay of the rifle; therefore, it is important to experiment with many finger positions during dry-fire training to ensure the hammer is falling with little disturbance to the aiming process.
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• As the firer's skills increase with practice, he needs less time spent on trigger squeeze.
• Novice firers can take five seconds to perform an adequate trigger squeeze. As skills improve, he can squeeze the trigger in a second or less.
• The proper trigger squeeze should start with slight pressure on the trigger during the initial aiming process.
• The firer applies more pressure after the front sight post is steady on the target and he is holding his breath.
6-3. Marksmanship – Firing Positions. During initial fundamental training, the prone supported and unsupported positions are taught. The supported fighting position may also be taught, depending on range availability. All of these firing positions offer a stable platform for firing the rifle and are the positions used during basic record fire. The other positions (standing unsupported, standing supported, kneeling, and sitting) may be added later in training to demonstrate a variety of shooting positions from which a firer can accurately and safely fire a rifle. Supported Fighting Position This position provides the most stable platform for engaging targets (Figure 6-6).
Figure 6-6. Supported fighting position
• Upon entering the position, the Cadet adds or removes dirt, sandbags, or other supports to adjust for his height.
• He then faces the target, executes a half-face to his firing side, and leans forward until his chest is against the firing hand corner of the position.
• He places the rifle hand guard in a V formed by the thumb and fingers of his non-firing hand, and rests the non-firing hand on the material (sandbags or berm) to the front of the position.
• The Cadet places the stock butt in the pocket of his firing shoulder and rests his firing elbow on the ground outside the position.
• When prepared positions are not available, the prone supported position can be substituted.
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• Once the supported fighting position has been mastered, the firer should practice various unsupported positions to obtain the smallest possible wobble area during final aiming and hammer fall.
Prone Unsupported Position This firing position (Figure 6-7) offers another stable firing platform for engaging targets.
Figure 6-7. Prone unsupported position
• To assume this position, the Cadet faces his target, spreads his feet a comfortable distance apart, and drops to his knees.
• Using the butt of the rifle as a pivot, the firer rolls onto his non-firing side, placing the non-firing elbow close to the side of the magazine.
• He places the rifle butt in the pocket formed by the firing shoulder, grasps the pistol grip with his firing hand, and lowers the firing elbow to the ground.
• The rifle rests in the V formed by the thumb and fingers of the non-firing hand. • The Cadet adjusts the position of his firing elbow until his shoulders are about
level, and pulls back firmly on the rifle with both hands. • To complete the position, he obtains a stock weld and relaxes, keeping his heels
close to the ground. 6-4. Review Questions. 6-1. BRM is a term meaning:
a. Basic Rifle Marksmanship b. Basic Rifle Manual c. Beginning Rifle Marksmanship d. Basic Rifle Maneuvers
6-2. Basic rifle safety includes:
a. Treat weapons as being loaded b. Load the rifle before getting ready to shoot to make sure the ammunition fits
properly c. Trust that the weapon’s safety selector will keep the weapon in a “safe” mode d. Point the weapon at objects or people because you know that the weapon is
unloaded
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6-3. The steady position helps the Cadet to: a. Hit targets consistently b. Be as comfortable as possible c. Make up for poorly learned marksmanship skills d. Move freely as the situation dictates
6-4. Correct rifle sight alignment includes:
a. Placing the bottom of the front sight in line with the bottom of the rear sight b. Placing the top of the front sight in line with the top of the rear sight c. Centering the front sight in the rear sight d. There isn’t a consistent sight alignment for every shooter
6-5. Proper breath control techniques include:
a. Fire while breathing in b. Fire while breathing out c. Fire while breathing rapidly d. Fire during the natural pause between breaths
6-6. Proper trigger squeeze is important so that:
a. The shooter feels less impact b. Proper sight alignment is kept during the shot c. A steady position is kept by the shooter d. The shooter gets used to a consistent feeling during shooting
6-7. Proper trigger squeeze techniques include:
a. Squeezing the trigger with the space between the first joint and the tip of the finger on the trigger finger
b. Squeezing the trigger with the middle knuckle of the trigger finger c. Squeezing the trigger with the extreme tip of the trigger finger d. Squeezing the trigger with the first knuckle of the trigger finger
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7. The Army Cadet Martial Arts Program (TACMAP). 7-1. Origin and History. The U.S. Army Cadet Corps Martial Arts Program (TACMAP), as it is known today was originally founded in 1986 by Colonel James Sanchis, USAC. COL Sanchis is the founder and Soke of Military Combat Jukaikido (MCJKKD) and Ju-Jutsu-Do Combat, and is a world famous Martial Artist holding black belts in more than 17 different disciplines. TACMAP uses MCJKKD as its main training format. MCJKKD is a combination of Self Defense, Judo, Aikido, Jujitsu, Karate, Boxing and Wrestling. USAC Cadets receive one hour of MCJKKD instruction each day during BCT and BLC. Training in MCJKKD may be conducted during unit drills, as long as all instructors hold at a minimum a certified MCJKKD blue belt. USAC officers and Cadets are not required to test for belts; however, the belt system is used to determine who may conduct MCJKKD training at the unit and national levels. 7-2. Basic Terminology. While training in MCJKKD, you will hear many unfamiliar terms. These terms are of Japanese origin and are used in the teaching of many traditional Japanese martial arts, as well as MCJKKD. Learning these basic terms is very important as a first step in your martial arts training.
• Do – Way or path • Karate – Empty hand • Gedan - Low • Chudan - Mid-Level • Jodan - High-Level • Seiza - Sitting position • Kio-tsuke - Attention • Yoi – Ready • Sensei – Teacher • Soke – Founder or Grand Master • Kyu – Student ranks below black belt • Dan – Black belt student ranks • Gi - Karate Uniform • Obi - Belt • Dojo - Place of learning or practicing the martial way
7-3. Basic Safety Precautions and Rules of the Dojo. Basic safety precautions include observing rules for sparring and practicing techniques, as well as basic stretching techniques.
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Basic Stretching and Warm-up Techniques You will learn the following stretching and warm-up techniques as you begin your training. You should always stretch before starting a MCJKKD training session to make sure your muscles are properly warmed-up and ready to be used. This helps you to avoid injury. You should also stretch on non-training days, especially focusing on those stretches that give you trouble. This will help you increase your flexibility with continued stretching. Remember, always stretch to the point you actually feel the stretch in the target muscle. DO NOT overstretch and DO NOT bounce when holding a stretch. Listen to your body and avoid pain when stretching. Basic stretches include:
• Neck flexion/lateral flexion and extension • Triceps stretch • Hip rolls • Back roll stretch • Knee rotations • Standing thigh stretch • Bridging • Prone abdominal stretch • Prone shoulder stretch • Quadriceps stretch • Seated lower back stretch • Ankle rotation
Rules of the Dojo You will learn in-depth rules for sparring and practicing techniques as you begin your white belt training; however, basic rules to be aware of include:
• Strict attention is to paid to the instructor at all times. Answer all question clearly and reply with “yes, sir.” No nodding.
• Profanity, loss of temper, horseplay, loud laughing or any display of lack of self-discipline will not be tolerated.
• Practice only those techniques/katas that have been presented to you by the instructor.
• No sparring without permission from the instructor. • Everyone training is your partner. Always ensure your partner’s safety. • Respect those more experienced. Respect those less experienced. • Avoid talking during training and then talk only about the training taking place.
You will improve quicker. • Receive and follow instructions for training sincerely and to the best of your
ability. 7-4. Belt System. The origin of the colored-belt ranking system used in most martial arts is unknown and is applied differently between different styles of martial arts and in various schools. Regardless of the belt system used, most systems begin with the white belt at the
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beginning and progress to the black belt for first-level Dan. MCJKKD also utilizes a colored-belt system to signify student progress. Basic details are described below.
Table 7-1 MCJKKD belt system
Belt Color Description Additional Cadet
Requirements White Belt (6th Kyu) Basic techniques None Yellow Belt (5th Kyu) Basic techniques None Orange Belt (4th Kyu) Basic and intermediate techniques National PFT Green Belt (3rd Kyu) Basic and intermediate techniques National PFT
Blue Belt (2nd Kyu) Intermediate techniques National PFT Milestone 6
Brown Belt (1st Kyu) Intermediate and advanced techniques
Presidential PFT Milestone 6
Black Belt (1st Dan/ Shodan) Advanced techniques Presidential PFT
Milestone 7 Black Belt (2nd Dan/ Nidan) Advanced techniques Presidential PFT
Milestone 8 7-5. Basic Stances. Basic stances are the foundation of many MCJKKD techniques and forms. You will learn these stances quickly with practice, but you will spend the rest of your time studying martial arts perfecting these and other basic techniques. Basic stances are depicted in Figure 7-1.
Ready Stance (Hachiji Dachi) Forward Stance (Zenkutsu Dachi)
Horse Stance (Kiba Dachi) Back Stance (Kokutsu Dachi) Figure 7-1. Basic MCJKKD stances
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7-6. Review Questions. 7-1. The martial arts training program utilized by the U.S. Army Cadet Corps is called:
a. TACMAP b. MACMAP c. TACMAT d. TAPMAC
7-2. The form of martial arts that the U.S. Army Cadet Corps martial arts program is based on is called:
a. Taekwondo b. Military Judo c. Military Combat Jukaikido d. Aikido
7-3. The founder of the martial arts training program in question 7-2 is:
a. BG Charles R. Tornow, USAC b. COL James Sanchis, USAC c. MAJ Joseph Gorman, USAC d. 1LT James Sanchis, USAC
7-4. The proper term meaning “teacher” is:
a. Sensei b. Soke c. Dan d. Nidan
7-5. Respect in martial arts is shown to:
a. Instructors b. Students of lower rank c. Students of higher rank d. All of the above
7-6. The correct order of belts in the U.S. Army Cadet Corps martial arts program is:
a. White, Yellow, Green, Orange b. White, Yellow, Brown, Red c. White, Yellow, Orange, Green d. White, Yellow, Blue, Orange
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8. Basic Field Skills. 8-1. Field Sanitation and Preventive Medicine Fieldcraft. Personal Protection Items Every Cadet should maintain a supply of personal protection items while they are training. These items include:
• Lip balm protects lips from cracking/chapping during weather extremes (cold, heat, and in sustained windy conditions).
• Insect repellent prevents the transmission of numerous diseases spread by insects.
o Apply insect repellant in accordance with label directions (generally should be applied more frequently if a Cadet is performing activities that result in significant sweating, or allows the repellant to wash off during waterborne operations).
o These repellants protect Cadets from insects like mosquitoes, sand flies, and filth-flies; from arthropods such as ticks and fleas; and from spiders. All of these "bugs" can transmit diseases to Cadets that can take them out of training.
• Hand sanitizing gel is an acceptable substitute Cadets can use to clean their hands when soap and water are either unavailable or impractical.
• Sunscreen lotions protect Cadets from the sun's ultraviolet rays that can cause sunburn, dehydration, and skin cancer.
o Use these lotions on sun-exposed body parts whenever a Cadet spends more than 15 minutes at a time in sunlight (especially in desert and high mountain areas).
o When the complete Army combat uniform is worn, only the hands/wrists and neck/face/ears require protection.
• Foot powder is designed to keep feet dry when Cadets are spending significant amounts of time training outdoors.
o These powders also help prevent foot fungus (athlete's feet) and blisters when used properly.
Importance of Preventive Medicine Measures Historically, only 20 percent of all hospital admissions resulting from U.S. military conflict were from combat injuries. The other 80 percent were from diseases and non-battle injuries. These statistics point to the importance of following standard field hygiene measures. As a Cadet, you are going to train outdoors, in a variety of conditions (heat, cold, snow, rain), and you will be expected to not only prepare yourself for weather conditions, but also to perform your duties in these conditions. The environment can be your enemy if you are not prepared for it and do not know how to deal with the effects of being in extreme conditions. As a Cadet, you will learn how to treat some of these injuries, but more importantly, you must be able to prevent them.
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Preventive medicine measures are simple, common sense actions that any Cadet can perform for protection against cold weather conditions, heat injury, insect-borne disease, intestinal disorders, and hearing loss. It is each individual's responsibility to maintain good health and use preventive medicine measures to reduce time lost due to disease and sickness. Operating in Hot Weather The physical effects of heat exposure include:
• Heat load o Exposure to high environmental temperature produces heat stress in the
body. o As the body attempts to compensate, physiological strain results. o This strain, usually in combination with other strains caused by work,
dehydration, and fatigue, may lead to heat injury. o Environmental conditions that influence the heat balance of the body and
its physical adjustments include air temperature; the temperature of surrounding objects; humidity of the air, and air movement (breezes).
• Heat relief o The body rids itself of heat normally through the skin and by exhaled
breath. o Some heat is discharged by radiation from the skin, but the body relies
mostly on evaporation of sweat from the skin to cool. o The adverse impact of high environmental temperature and humidity can
be reduced by drinking enough water, wearing clothing properly, maintaining a high level of fitness, and resting after exposure to heat.
o These measures contribute to the body’s normal mechanisms for relieving its heat load.
To protect against heat injury:
• Drink sufficient amounts of water. o Your body needs a minimum amount of water for cooling, waste
elimination, and metabolism. o Drink water frequently. o As you get used to the heat, your requirement for water actually increases.
NOTE: Any attempt to “train” the body to use less water can be harmful and may lead to heat injuries.
• Drink small quantities of water frequently. o It is better not to rely on thirst to remind you when to drink water. o Individuals in a hot climate usually do not feel thirsty enough to make up
for all the water they have lost. • Drink extra water before road marches or challenging events such as
obstacle courses or leadership reaction courses. o Excess water in your system will help keep you physically strong and
mentally sharp until your next drink of water. o Maintain excess water in your system for strength and alertness. o Work, rest, and drink water as your leader directs.
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o Remember that heat injuries can be prevented by drinking plenty of water. o In hot climates, the body depends upon sweating to keep it cool; therefore,
water intake must be maintained to allow sweating to occur. o Depending on the type of work and the temperature, you should drink ½ to
1 ½ canteens of water every hour (if your urine is dark yellow, you are not drinking enough water).
CAUTION: Hourly fluid intake should not exceed 1½ quarts. Daily fluid intake should not exceed 12 quarts.
• Rest whenever possible. o Rest breaks give the body a chance to cool off; that is why it is important
to rest whenever the tactical situation permits. o Use rest breaks to drink water and to cool off. Work and rest in the shade
if possible. • Take a cool shower.
o Your body builds up heat when you are working in a hot environment. o By taking a cool shower, you can help your body to release the heat and
cool down. o You reduce the risk of becoming a casualty the next time you are exposed
to heat.
Eat meals and DO NOT take supplements. • Heavy sweating will cause salt loss from the body. Eating meals replaces salt. • Eat regular meals daily to replace salt lost through heavy sweating. • Excess intake of salt should be avoided. • Salt tablets should not be used as a preventive measure. • DO NOT take herbal-type medications, performance enhancing drugs, diet
supplements, or especially ephedra. These increase your risk for heat injury. Protect your skin from exposure by:
• Wearing your uniform properly. • Use shade whenever possible. • Using sunscreen creams and lotions on sun exposed skin areas.
Heat Injuries Heat cramps are caused by an imbalance of chemicals (called electrolytes) in the body as a result of excessive sweating.
• Signs and symptoms: o Cramping in the extremities (arms and legs). o Abdominal (stomach) cramps. o Excessive sweating.
NOTE: Thirst may or may not occur. Cramping can occur without the Soldier being thirsty.
• First aid measures: o Monitor mental status by asking simple questions, such as “what day is
it?” or “who is the President?”
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o Move the casualty to a cool, shady area or improvise shade if none is available.
o Loosen his clothing and boots (if not in a chemical environment). o Have him or her slowly drink at least one canteen full of water (the body
absorbs cool water faster than warm or cold water; therefore, cool water is preferred if it is available).
o Seek medical assistance should cramps continue. o Check the casualty for signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion.
Heat exhaustion is caused by loss of body fluids (dehydration) through sweating without adequate fluid replacement. It can occur in an otherwise fit individual who is involved in physical exertion in any hot environment (especially if the Cadet is not acclimated to that environment).
• Signs and symptoms: o Excessive sweating with pale, moist, cool skin. o Headache. o Weakness. o Dizziness or lightheadedness. o Loss of appetite. o Cramping. o Nausea (with or without vomiting). o Urge to defecate. o Chills (gooseflesh). o Rapid breathing. o Tingling of hands and/or feet. o Confusion (not answering easy questions properly such as name, troop
handler’s name, day of the week.) • First aid measures:
o Monitor mental status by asking simple questions. o Move the casualty to a cool, shady area or improvise shade if none is
available. o Loosen or remove his or her clothing and boots (unless in a chemical
environment). o Pour water on him and fan him. Use iced sheets, if available. o Have him slowly drink at least one canteen of water. o Elevate his legs. o Monitor the casualty until the symptoms are gone or medical assistance
arrives. o Check the casualty for signs and symptoms of heat stroke.
WARNING: Heat stroke is a medical emergency that may result in death if care is delayed. Heat stroke is caused when a Cadet has been exposed to high temperatures (such as direct sunlight) or been dressed in protective over garments, which causes the body temperature to rise. Heavy exertion without proper hydration can also cause a heat stroke. Higher levels of humidity, added to high heat exposure, decrease the time
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required to cause stroke. Heat stroke is caused by a failure of the body’s cooling mechanism (which includes a decrease in the body’s ability to produce sweat).
• Signs and symptoms: o The casualty’s skin is red (flushed), hot, and dry. o He may experience weakness, dizziness/ lightheadedness, confusion,
headaches, seizures, nausea, and stomach pains or cramps. o His respirations and pulse may be rapid and weak. o Unconsciousness and collapse may occur suddenly.
• First aid measures: o Cool casualty immediately by:
Monitoring mental status by asking simple questions. Moving him to a cool, shady area or improvising shade if none is
available. Loosening or removing his clothing and boots (except in a chemical
environment). Spraying or pouring water on him, fanning him to permit the coolant
effect of evaporation. Massaging his extremities and skin, this increases the blood flow to
those body areas, thus aiding the cooling process. Elevating his legs. Having him slowly drink at least one canteen full of water if he is
conscious. Apply iced sheets if available.
NOTE: Start cooling casualty immediately. Continue cooling while awaiting transportation and during transport to a medical treatment facility.
• Medical assistance. Seek medical assistance because the casualty should be transported to an aid station or hospital as soon as possible.
o DO NOT interrupt the cooling process or lifesaving measures to seek help; if someone else is present send them for help.
o The casualty should be continually monitored for development of conditions that may require the performance of necessary basic lifesaving measures.
Operating in Cold Weather The physical effects of cold exposure include:
• First, the body loses heat by radiation if the outside temperature is lower than the body’s temperature.
• It loses heat by evaporation cooling from sweating (which is useful in hot weather but problematic in cold weather, especially when sweat trapped by clothing diminishes the insulating value of the clothing).
• Touching cold objects can cause heat loss by conduction (such as losing heat from your hands into a metal pole).
• If it is breezy outside, you can lose heat from convection (cool air blowing across skin with resultant heat loss).
To protect against cold injury:
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• Exercise to increase blood circulation. o Exercising body parts increases blood circulation and helps you detect
numbness. o Tighten and relax your arm and leg muscles. o Tighten and relax your fingers and toes. o Use your hands to massage and warm the face.
NOTE: The normal response to the cold is for the blood vessels in the skin and remote parts of the extremities to constrict and conserve warmed blood for the vital organs. This makes the hands, feet, face, and ears more susceptible to cold injury. Moving large muscle groups through exercise can help shift blood from the central body to the periphery.
• Wear layers of loose clothing. o Avoid any tight-fitting clothing, including underwear. o Dress as lightly as possible consistent with the weather to prevent
sweating and subsequent chilling. o Minimize sweating. When clothing becomes wet or dirty, it loses its ability
to provide warmth. o Remove layers of clothing before doing strenuous work or when working
in heated areas. This helps to prevent overheating that causes sweating. o Replace layers of clothing when your strenuous work is completed. o Wet or dirty clothing adds to the cold injury process. o Change into clean, dry clothing as soon as possible. o Launder clothing regularly.
• Change socks to protect the feet in a cold environment. o Put on dry socks during rest breaks to reduce the risk of frostbite and
trench foot. • Socks should be kept clean and dry. • Damp socks can be dried by placing them inside your shirt. • Severe frostbite and trench foot can result in the loss (amputation)
of hands or feet. • Immersion foot and trench foot may result from exposure of the feet
to wet conditions at temperatures from approximately 50° to 32° F. NOTE: Inactive feet in damp or wet socks and boots or in tightly laced boots that impair circulation are even more susceptible to injury. Ideally a Cadet should keep at least five pairs of boot socks with them when in the field.
• Prevent dehydration in cold weather by practicing the following: o Continue to drink fluids such as potable water, juices, and warm, non-
alcoholic beverages. o The amount of additional liquids consumed depends upon the individual
and the type of work being done. o Drinking a sufficient amount of fluids in cold weather is as important as it is
in hot weather. o In cold weather, you may not realize that your body is losing fluids and
salt. o Sweat evaporates rapidly or is absorbed so completely by the layers of
clothing that it is seldom visible on the skin.
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o Rest when possible is an important preventive measure. Individuals must realize that work done while bundled in several
layers of clothing is extremely exhausting. Leaders will determine appropriate work/rest cycles.
• Watch your buddy. o Remind each other to do warming exercises often. o Watch for signs of cold injury such as frostbite, trench foot, and
hypothermia. o Drink sufficient amounts of water. o Physical and mental fatigue contributes to apathy, which leads to
inactivity, personal neglect, carelessness, and reduced heat production. In turn, these increase the risk of cold injury.
o Buddies must help each other stay sharp to prevent injury. o Wear appropriate uniform for cold weather (Table 8-1).
In cold weather, it is especially important to ensure your clothing and footgear is serviceable and fits properly.
Your clothing is designed in multiple layers to allow for adjustment to the environment and your activity level.
Table 8-1 Proper cold weather clothing guidelines To Keep Warm, Remember the Word C-O-L-D C Cleanliness and Care Socks and clothing work more
effectively when clean. This is why you carry extra pairs with you to the field.
O Avoid Overheating Wearing too much clothing can cause overheating and excessive sweating, which makes clothes wet and decreases insulation. You will be instructed when to remove clothing.
L Layers and Looseness Clothing in loose layers assures air spaces to prevent heat loss. You will be instructed when to add clothing.
D Dry A wet garment is a cold garment. You will be instructed to wear your water repellent items, such as wet weather ensemble or poncho, when appropriate.
You should wear enough layers to maintain body temperature but
not sweat. Dampness from sweat degrades insulation and allows heat to be
lost. For this reason, polypropylene underwear is designed to be worn
next to the skin.
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Gortex outer garments protect from wind/rain/snow, but DO NOT allow adequate evaporation of sweat, so they should not be worn during physical activity.
Protect feet. NOTE: You will carry extra pairs of socks to the field and change them when they become wet or damp. Use foot powder on your feet and in your boots. If your socks or boots are too tight, notify your troop handler or platoon sergeant. Wash your feet daily if possible.
Protect hands. NOTE: You will wear gloves and inserts when necessary to protect from wind chill and contact with cold surfaces.
• Warm hands under clothes if they become numb. • Avoid skin contact with snow, fuel, or bare metal.
Protect face and ears. • You can warm your face and ears by covering them with
your hands. DO NOT rub face or ears. • You will be instructed when to use sunscreen and
camouflage in the cold.
Cold Injuries Chilblain is caused by repeated prolonged exposure of bare skin at temperatures from 60° F to 32°F, or 20°F for acclimated, dry, unwashed skin.
• Signs and symptoms: o The area may be acutely swollen, red, tender, and hot with itchy skin. o There may be no loss of skin tissue in untreated cases, but continued
exposure may lead to infected, ulcerated, or bleeding lesions. • First aid measures:
o Within minutes, the area usually responds to locally applied body heat. o Re-warm the affected part by applying firm steady pressure with your
hands, or placing the affected part under your arms or against the stomach of a buddy.
o DO NOT rub or massage affected areas. NOTE: Medical personnel should evaluate the injury because signs and symptoms of tissue damage may be slow to appear. Frostbite is the injury of tissue caused from exposure to cold, usually below 32°F depending on the wind chill factor, duration of exposure, and adequacy of protection. Individuals with a history of cold injury are likely to suffer an additional cold injury. The body parts most easily frostbitten are the cheeks, nose, ears, chin, forehead, wrists, hands, and feet. Frostbite may involve only the skin (superficial), or it may extend to a depth below the skin (deep). Deep frostbite is very serious and requires prompt first aid to avoid or to minimize the loss of parts or all of the fingers, toes, hands, or feet.
• Signs and symptoms. o Loss of sensation (numb feeling) in any part of the body. o Sudden blanching (whitening) of the skin of the affected part, followed by
a momentary tingling sensation.
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o Redness of skin in light-skinned individuals; grayish coloring in dark-skinned individuals.
o Blisters. o Swelling or tender areas. o Loss of previous sensation of pain in affected area. o Pale, yellowish, waxy-looking skin. o Frozen tissue that feels solid (or wooden) to the touch.
CAUTION: Deep frostbite is a very serious injury and requires immediate first aid and subsequent medical treatment to avoid or minimize loss of body parts.
• Immediate first aid measures: o Face, ears, and nose - cover the casualty’s affected area with his and/or
your bare hands until sensation and color return. o Hands - open the casualty’s jacket and shirt.
Remove the casualty's arms from their jacket. Place the affected hands under the casualty’s armpits. Close the jacket and shirt to prevent additional exposure.
o Feet - remove the casualty’s boots and socks if he does not need to walk any further to receive additional treatment (thawing the casualty’s feet and forcing him to walk on them will cause additional pain and injury). Place the affected feet under clothing and against the body of another individual.
o Ensure a cold injury casualty is kept warm and that he is covered (to avoid further injury).
o Seek medical treatment as soon as possible. o Reassure the casualty, protect the affected area from further injury by
covering it lightly with a blanket or any dry clothing, and seek shelter out of the wind.
o Remove or loosen constricting clothing (except in a contaminated environment) and increase insulation.
o Ensure the casualty exercises as much as possible, avoiding trauma to the injured part, and is prepared for pain when thawing occurs.
o Protect the frostbitten part from additional injury. o DO NOT rub the injured part with snow or apply cold-water soaks. o DO NOT warm the part by massage or exposure to open fire because the
frozen part may be burned due to the lack of feeling. o DO NOT use ointments or other salves. o DO NOT manipulate the part in any way to increase circulation. o DO NOT use alcohol or tobacco because this reduces the body’s
resistance to cold. NOTE: Remember, when freezing extends to a depth below the skin, it is a much more serious injury. Extra care is required to reduce or avoid the chances of losing all or part of the toes or feet. This also applies to the fingers and hands. WARNING: DO NOT attempt to thaw the casualty’s feet or other frozen areas if he will be required to walk or travel to an aid station or hospital for treatment. The possibility of additional injury from walking is less when feet are frozen than when they are thawed (if possible avoid walking). Thawing in the field increases the possibilities of infection, gangrene, or other injury.
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NOTE: Thawing may occur spontaneously during transportation to the medical treatment facility; this cannot be avoided. Hypothermia. When exposed to prolonged cold weather, a Cadet may become both mentally and physically numb (thus neglecting essential tasks or requiring more time and effort to achieve them). Under some conditions (particularly cold water immersion), even a Cadet in excellent physical condition may die in a matter of minutes. The destructive influence of cold on the body is called hypothermia. This means bodies lose heat faster than they can produce it. Hypothermia can occur from exposure to temperatures either above or below freezing, especially from immersion in cold water, wet-cold conditions, or from the effect of wind. General cooling of the entire body to a temperature below 95°F is caused by continued exposure to low or rapidly dropping temperatures, cold moisture, snow, or ice. Fatigue, poor physical condition, dehydration, faulty blood circulation, alcohol or other drug use, trauma, poor or inadequate nutrition, and immersion increase the risk for hypothermia. Remember, cold may affect the body systems slowly and almost without notice. Cadets exposed to low temperatures for extended periods may suffer ill effects even if they are well protected by clothing.
• Signs and symptoms: o Early:
Shivering (an attempt by the body to generate heat). Pulse is faint or very difficult to detect. Drowsiness and mental slowness. Stiffness and lack of coordination. Slurred speech.
o Moderate: Glassy eyes. Slow and shallow breathing. Very weak or absent pulse. Increasing stiffness and lack of coordination. Unconsciousness.
o Severe: Frozen extremities. Irregular heart action. Sudden death.
• First aid measures: o Early or moderate:
CAUTION: DO NOT expose the casualty to an open fire, as they may become burned.
Provide heat by using a hot water bottle or canteen filled with hot water, wrapped in cloth.
Call or send for help. Move casualty to a warm place. Immediately remove all wet clothing. Place casualty in dry clothing and/or sleeping bag.
o Severe:
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Start rescue breathing at once if the casualty's breathing has stopped or is irregular or shallow.
Warm liquids (not too hot!) may be given gradually if the casualty is conscious.
DO NOT force liquids on an unconscious or semiconscious casualty because they may choke.
Transport casualty on a litter. WARNING: Re-warming a severely hypothermic casualty is extremely dangerous in the field due to the possibility of such complications as re-warming, shock, and disturbances in the rhythm of the heartbeat. These conditions require treatment by medical personnel. CAUTION: The casualty is unable to generate his own body heat. Therefore, merely placing him in a blanket or sleeping bag is not sufficient. Immersion foot and trench foot are injuries that result from fairly prolonged exposure to 32 deg F to 50 deg F temperatures. Inactive feet in damp or wet socks and boots, or tightly laced boots which impair circulation, are even more susceptible to injury. This injury can be very serious; it can lead to amputation of toes or parts of the feet. If exposure of the feet has been prolonged and severe, the feet may swell so much that pressure closes the blood vessels and cuts off circulation. Should an immersion injury occur, dry the feet thoroughly and transport the casualty to a medical treatment facility by the fastest means possible.
• Signs and symptoms: o At first, the parts of the affected foot are cold and painless, the pulse is
weak, and numbness may be present. o Next, the parts may feel hot and burning; shooting pains may begin. o In later stages, the skin is pale with a bluish cast and the pulse decreases. o Other signs and symptoms that may follow are blistering, swelling,
redness, heat, hemorrhaging (bleeding), and gangrene. • First aid measures are required for all stages of immersion injury.
o Re-warm the injured part gradually by exposing it to warm air. o Protect the part from trauma and secondary infections. o Dry, loose clothing or several layers of warm coverings are preferable to
extreme heat. o Under no circumstances should the injured part be exposed to an open
fire. o Elevate the injured part to relieve the swelling. o Transport the casualty to a medical treatment facility as soon as possible. o When the part is re-warmed, the casualty often feels a burning sensation
and pain. o Symptoms may persist for days or weeks even after re-warming. o When providing first aid for immersion foot and trench foot –
DO NOT massage the injured part. DO NOT moisten the skin. DO NOT apply heat or ice.
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Preventive Measures against Arthropods (Insects Such as Mosquitoes, Ticks, and Lice), Venomous Reptiles, and Poisonous Plants.
• To avoid injury from insects and insect related diseases: o Keep sleeves down and trouser legs tucked into boots to protect from
biting insects. o Apply insect repellent to exposed skin, your ankles, and your waistline. o Apply insect repellent to your uniform. o Check yourself and your buddy for ticks twice a day.
• To avoid injury from poisonous reptiles and plants: o Look inside sleeping bag before getting in. o DO NOT play with snakes. o Keep sleeves down and trouser legs tucked into boots to protect from
poisonous plants. o Look inside boots before putting them on.
• Proper use of repellent. o Repellent should be applied according to label instructions to exposed
areas of skin including the face, ears, neck, arms, and hands. CAUTION: Repellent will NOT be applied to eyes, lips, and sensitive skin.
o In addition to properly using insect repellent, the following precautions should always be taken:
Wear your uniform properly. Tuck pant legs into the boots and roll the sleeves down. Wear the uniform loosely. Check clothing frequently. Use the buddy system to check areas of your body not easily seen
during self-examination. • Clean and inspect yourself and your clothing.
o Cleaning and inspecting your body to protect against arthropod bites includes the following:
Wash yourself daily if the situation permits. Pay particular attention to the groin and the armpits. Use the buddy system to check each other for ticks and other
arthropod bites. If ticks are found attached, seek medical attention. Use insecticide powder, cream, or shampoo when prescribed by
medical personnel. o Proper wear of the uniform will also reduce the incidence of bites.
The following points will be helpful in protecting your body: • Wear headgear to protect the top of your head. • Wear a loose-fitting uniform (not tightly tailored) and repair
any tears or holes. When the arthropod threat is high, use the following measures for
protection: • Blouse the pants in the boots and completely lace the boots. • Tuck the undershirt in at the waist.
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• Wear sleeves down. • Button the blouse or shirt at the neck and the wrists.
Clean and inspect your clothing. • Cleaning and inspecting your uniform will also provide
protection against insect bites. • Wash your uniform to remove arthropods and their eggs. • When laundry service is not available, scrub the uniform
yourself with soap and water. • The clothing seams may contain lice eggs, which will hatch
after a few days. Use a bed net when sleeping, if available and the situation permits.
• Protecting yourself against biting arthropods at night includes the use of a bed net and the use of insect spray inside the bed net.
• Suspend the bed net above the sleeping area. • Tuck the edges of the bed net under the sleeping pad or
bag. • Spray the interior space with spray insecticide. • Bed nets must be kept in good repair (mend any holes) in
order for the preceding measures to be effective. • Observe the following precautions when preparing the bed
net:
Obtain Food and Water from an Approved Source Sources of Bacteria Intestinal diseases are usually spread through contact with infectious organisms that can contaminate improperly prepared or disinfected food and water supplies as well as in human waste. Our hands come into contact with many sources of bacteria such as the latrine door, friend's hands, our nose, our weapons, and many others. Fight preventable illness to keep from getting sick from illnesses carried by contaminated food and water:
• Drink water from approved sources only. • Eat from approved sources only. • Obtain ice only from medically approved sources. • Inspect all cans and food packets prior to use. • Discard cans with leaks or bulges. • Discard food packets with visible holes or obvious signs of deterioration. • DO NOT eat foods or drink beverages that have been prepared in galvanized
containers since they could cause zinc poisoning. • Obtain food from the dining facility when possible. The dining facility is the best
source for safe food. • Wash your hands:
o For at least 30 seconds to prevent disease. o After using the latrine.
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o Before touching eating utensils or food. o After eating.
• Purify your drinking water if there is no approved source of drinking water: o Fill your canteen with the cleanest water available. o Add iodine tablets.
Add two tablets to a one-quart canteen of water. Double the amount of tablets if a two-quart canteen is used.
o Replace the cap. o Wait 5 minutes for the tablets to dissolve. o Shake the canteen to mix the contents. o Tip the canteen to disinfect the cap threads. o Loosen the cap. o Tip the canteen over to allow leakage around the canteen threads. o Turn the canteen right side up. o Tighten the cap. o Wait 30 additional minutes before drinking.
NOTE: There are alternate methods for purifying water such as chlorine ampoules, tincture of iodine, or common household bleach. If none of these purifying agents are available, boil water for 5-10 minutes. Prevent Skin Infections Hand washing regularly is the best defense against germs from the soil and from objects handled by other people. The most important times to wash your hands are:
• After using the latrine. • Before touching eating utensils or food. • After eating. • After handling any item that can potentially transfer germs. • Frequently during the workday to keep your hands free of germs.
Cleaning your hands with hand-sanitizing gel is an effective way to disinfect them from nearly all germs that cause illnesses. Hand-sanitizing gel does a better job at destroying germs than soap and water, but you must use soap and water to remove grime, and use a grease-cutting solvent to remove grease. You should use soap and water to wash your face and to bathe the rest of your body. While in the field you will not always have ready access to your rucksack. Carry these items with you at all times:
• Bar of soap. • Washcloth/baby wipes. • Toilet paper/baby wipes. • Toothbrush and toothpaste. • Shampoo. • You can use your washcloth to wash your skin with soapy water, then wring it out
and use it to rinse your skin, and let the air dry your skin. Preventing skin infections involves three simple steps:
• Bathe frequently. o Take a full bath or shower at least once every week when in the field.
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o If showers or baths are not available, use a washcloth daily to wash your genital area, armpits, feet, and other areas you sweat or which become wet.
o These areas include the thighs, and for females, under the breasts. o Use of perfumed soaps or feminine deodorants in the field can cause
irritation and should not be used. o Males should shave facial hair often enough to be clean-shaven.
• Keep your skin dry. o Using foot powder on your feet is encouraged. o This is especially important if you have had fungal infections in the past. o Talcum powder is recommended for areas where wetness is a problem. o If talcum powder is not available, use cornstarch as a substitute.
• Change to clean clothing after a full bath or shower. o Loose-fitting uniforms allow for better ventilation and blood circulation. o Wear proper clothing for the environment. o Nylon and silk-type undergarments are not suitable, especially in hot
weather. o Cotton undergarments are more absorbent, and they allow the skin to dry.
Proper Foot Care Foot care (before movement) includes taking the following steps:
• Wear the proper type of footgear that is correctly fitted and broken in. • Wear clean socks that are free of holes or knotty darns. • Use foot powder and clean socks. • Treat and protect blisters, pressure spots, and infections before movement.
Foot care (during movement) includes the following steps: • Keep your feet as dry as possible. • Change socks (as possible) when they become damp or wet. • Dry socks by putting them under your shirt around your waist. • Relieve tender pressure spots on the feet by adjusting your gear. • Dust your feet with foot powder once or twice daily. • Inspect your feet at rest periods. • Wash your feet during the noon break if possible. • Raise your feet while resting to help reduce congestion and swelling. • Take care of blisters whenever time permits. • Wash blisters and the surrounding areas with soap and water.
Seek medical treatment for painful blisters or signs of infection such as redness, throbbing, and drainage.
• Sprinkle foot powder in your socks to help absorb the moisture. • Remove the inserts from your boots at night to prevent fungus from growing. • If you get athlete's foot, you need an anti-fungal solution or cream to treat it. • Wear one pair of boots one day and change to your other pair the next day.
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• Use boot/sock liners for road marches greater than 5 km (3.1 mi) in length to prevent blisters.
• Boot/sock liners are your black dress socks worn underneath your military black boot socks.
Waste Disposal Food Waste Disposal
• Waste disposal is an important element in the protection of Soldiers’ health in the field.
• Intestinal diseases are usually spread through contact with infectious organisms that can be spread by flies.
• Use covered containers if available to keep out pests and to prevent breeding of flies.
• Use plastic bags in the event you have dumpster-type receptacles and regular waste pick-up.
• Bury your food waste immediately if other options (burning or contract pick-up) are not available.
• Promptly burning or burying your waste helps to prevent the spread of germs by flies and other insects.
• Burying waste also helps keep unwanted animals out of your bivouac area.
Human Waste Disposal • Intestinal diseases are usually spread through contact with infectious organisms
that can be spread in human waste. • The method used for disposal of waste depends upon the field situation, the unit,
and its location. • Waste disposal impacts upon the health of a unit's personnel and must be done
correctly. • Recommended methods of disposing of human waste follow:
o Use the unit latrine when available (deep pit for extended field operations). Deep-pit latrines are constructed for temporary camps (intended for
stays of more than 3 days). These type latrines are found in some training areas and base
camps. They are sometimes enclosed in buildings.
o Dig a cat hole to use for excreting waste if your unit is on the move. The cat hole is dug 12 inches across and from 6 to 12 inches deep. Cover it sufficiently to prevent flies from spreading germs from
waste to your food and to keep unwanted animals out of your area. On a march, cover the cat hole with dirt immediately after use.
o Use a straddle trench for 1-3 day field operations. These latrines are screened for privacy. Two trenches per 100 males and three trenches per 100 females.
• Remember to sanitize your hands and any containers that are reusable when appropriate.
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Oral Hygiene Good oral hygiene consists of three simple steps:
• Brush your teeth after every meal if possible (toothpaste helps but it is not a necessity).
• Use dental floss at least once a day. • Rinse your mouth with water that is safe to drink after brushing and flossing. • This care may prevent gum disease, infection, and tooth decay.
Going to the dentist at least once a year for an examination (and treatment, as needed) can prevent serious problems. Prevent Hearing Loss To protect against hearing loss use individual measures against noise hazards:
• Use protective devices (earplugs, ear canal caps, or earmuffs) to reduce the risk of noise-related hearing loss.
• Earmuffs should be worn over earplugs in high steady-state noise level areas. • Keep hearing protection devices (meant to be inserted into the ear canal) clean
to avoid ear infections. • Avoid noise and limit the time in noise hazardous areas to only the time
necessary to perform the mission.
U.S. Army Cadet Smoking and Tobacco Use Policy Smoking Policy
• Cadets will not use tobacco in any form at any time while in a USAC duty status. Furthermore, the consumption or use of tobaccos products by Cadet under the age of 18 is against the law, and therefore inconsistent with the requirements to maintain Cadet membership.
• The USAC has a smoke-free workplace policy Effects of Tobacco Use
• Long-term health costs of tobacco use. o Heart disease—leading risk for heart attack. o Contributes to strokes and poor circulation (due to diseased blood
vessels). o Chronic lung diseases—emphysema, bronchitis. o Cancers - lung, throat, mouth, bladder, possibly cervix. o Osteoporosis (brittle bones). o Increases risk in surgery and prolongs healing process. o Affects health of nonsmokers.
Second-hand smoke linked to lung cancer, asthma attacks. Children exposed to cigarette smoke have more middle ear and
lower respiratory infections. Smoking during pregnancy is associated with low birth weight and
pre-term births. May increase risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
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o Leading cause of death in the U.S. – heart and blood vessel disease. o Leading preventable cause of death – tobacco use. Tobacco use is
responsible for more deaths than all other causes (450,000 plus deaths per year). That’s equivalent to two fully loaded jumbo jetliners colliding in mid-air, each day, with no survivors.
Smokeless Tobacco
• Many people believe smokeless tobacco is safer than smoking. • It is well established that smokeless tobacco of all types (chew, snuff, bandits)
leads to the development of heart disease, various cancers, gum recession, and bone loss around the teeth.
• Cancers of the mouth and throat are particularly deforming and deadly.
Effect of Tobacco Use on Cadets' Performance and Health • Increases number of sick call visits. • Increases susceptibility to upper respiratory infections (colds and flu), which may
progress to pneumonia. • Decreases night vision. • Decreases hand-eye coordination. • Decreases stamina. • Increases cold weather injuries. • Increases overall number of injuries. • Leads to addiction. • Long-term adverse effects of using tobacco can cause chronic diseases of heart
and lungs, cancer, stroke, and high blood pressure. • Sort-term effects can cut into your effectiveness in performing your mission. They
include: o Watering eyes. o Runny nose. o Cough. o Loss of smell and taste. o Increase in heart rate (up to 30percent). o More easily fatigued. o Elevation in blood pressure (up to 15percent). o Decreased appetite. o Diarrhea, constipation, or both. o Reduced stamina.
8-2. Serve as a Member of a Team. The Army defines a team as a "group of individuals banded together along organizational lines for the purpose of accomplishing a certain goal." Cohesion is the "glue" that brings people together to make a team. It helps Cadets to develop and sustain their commitment and resolve to accomplish the unit's mission. The Army's description of cohesion includes these elements:
• Bonding: "The development of strong interpersonal relationships among Cadets, and between them and their leaders."
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• Commitment: "Dedication not only to the unit and what it represents, but to the values and goals of the Nation as well."
• Resolve: "The shared determination of Cadets and their leaders to work interdependently to accomplish the mission, and to sustain this capability over a long period of time."
Cohesion is dependent on several factors:
• Common goal. • People working together. • Effective communication. • Mutual assistance.
8-3. Team Formations. Team formations are arrangements of elements and Cadets in relation to each other.
• Squads use formations for control, flexibility, and security. • Table 8-2 compares fire team wedge and file formations. • Fire team leaders are up front in formations to lead by example - "follow me and
do as I do." • All Cadets in the team must be able to see their leader. • Wedge - the wedge is the basic formation for the fire team (Figure 8-1).
Table 8-2 Fire team formations Fire Team Wedge When normally used Basic fire team formation Control Easy Flexibility Good Security Good Fire Team File When normally used Close terrain, dense vegetation, limited visibility Control Easiest Flexibility Less flexible than the wedge Security Least
Figure 8-1. Fire team wedge formation
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o The interval between Cadets in the wedge formation is normally 10 meters.
o The wedge expands and contracts depending on the terrain. o When rough terrain, poor visibility, or other factors make control of the
wedge difficult, fire teams modify the wedge. o The normal interval is reduced so that all team members can still see
their team leader and team leaders can see their squad leader. o The sides of the wedge can contract to the point where the wedge
resembles a single file. o When moving in less rugged terrain, where control is easier, Cadets
expand or resume their original positions. • File formation is used by fire teams when terrain precludes use of the wedge
(Figure 8-2).
Figure 8-2. Fire team file formation
8-4. Cover, Concealment, and Camouflage. The U.S. Army teaches cover, concealment, and camouflage techniques as important field craft subjects. From the Army’s perspective, if the enemy can see you, you can be hit by their fire. Therefore, concealment from enemy observation and cover from enemy fire are critical. We teach some of these basic skills in the USAC as an introduction to basic Army field skills. You will have the opportunity to put into practice some of what you learn here on field training exercises (FTXs) and during morale-building events such as paintball. Natural terrain often provides cover and concealment; however, depending on the land type you find yourself in, you may have to prepare your cover and use natural and man-made materials to camouflage yourself, your equipment, and your position. Cover Cover gives protection from enemy fire (see Figure 8-3).
• Cover can also conceal you from enemy observation. • Cover can be natural or man-made. • Natural cover includes such things as logs, trees, stumps, ravines, and hollows. • Manmade cover includes such things as fighting positions, trenches, walls,
rubble, and craters.
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• Even the smallest depression or fold in the ground can give some cover. • Look for and use every bit of cover the terrain offers. • Use ravines (see Figure 8-4), gullies, hills, wooded areas, walls, and other cover
to keep from being seen. • Avoid open areas and do not skyline yourself on hilltops and ridges.
Figure 8-3. Types of cover
Figure 8-4. Troops moving along a ravine
Concealment Concealment is anything that hides you from observation.
• Concealment does not protect you from enemy fire. • Concealment, like cover, can also be natural or man-made. • Natural concealment includes such things as bushes, grass, trees, and shadows. • If possible, natural concealment should not be disturbed. • Man-made concealment includes such things as camouflage uniforms,
camouflage nets, face paint, and natural material that has been moved from its original location.
• Man-made concealment must blend into the natural concealment provided by the terrain.
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• Light discipline, noise discipline, movement discipline, and the use of camouflage contribute to concealment.
• Light discipline is controlling the use of lights at night by such things as not smoking in the open, not walking around with a flashlight on, and not using vehicle headlights.
• Noise discipline is taking action to deflect sounds generated by your unit (such as operating equipment) away those listening for you, and when possible, using methods to communicate that do not generate sounds (arm-and-hand signals).
• Movement discipline restricts around routes that lack cover and concealment. • In the defense, build a well-camouflaged fighting position and avoid moving
about. In the offense, conceal yourself and your equipment with camouflage and move in woods or on terrain that gives concealment.
• Darkness cannot hide you from enemy observation in either offense or defense. • The enemy's night vision devices and other detection means let them find you in
both daylight and darkness.
Camouflage Camouflage is anything you use to keep yourself, your equipment, and your position from looking like what they are.
• Both natural and man-made material can be used for camouflage. • Change and improve your camouflage often. • The time between changes and improvements depends on the weather and on
the material used. • Over time, natural camouflage can lose its effectiveness (natural materials die
and fade). • Likewise, man-made camouflage may wear off or fade. • When those things happen, you and your equipment or position may not blend
with the surroundings. • Camouflage considerations.
o Movement draws attention when you give arm-and-hand signals or walk about your position, your movement can be seen by the naked eye at long ranges. In the defense, stay low and move only when necessary. In the offense, move only on covered and concealed routes.
o Positions must not be where the enemy expects to find them. Build positions on the side of a hill, away from road junctions or lone buildings, and in covered and concealed places. Avoid open areas.
o Outlines and shadows may reveal your position or equipment to air or ground observers. Outlines and shadows can be broken up with camouflage. When moving, stay in the shadows when possible.
o Shine may also attract the enemy's attention. In the dark, it may be a light such as a flashlight. In daylight, it can be reflected light from polished surfaces such as shiny mess gear, a windshield, a watch crystal and band, or exposed skin. A light or its reflection may help the enemy detect your position. To reduce shine, cover your skin with clothing and face
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paint. Also, dull the surfaces of equipment and vehicles with paint, mud, or some type of camouflage material.
o Shape is outline or form. The shape of a helmet is easily recognized. A human body is also easily recognized. Use camouflage and concealment to breakup shapes and blend them with their surroundings. Be careful not to overdo it.
o Colors of your skin, uniform, and equipment may help the enemy detect you if the colors contrast with the background.
For example, a green uniform will contrast with snow-covered terrain.
Camouflage yourself and your equipment to blend with the surroundings.
o Dispersion is the spreading of personnel, vehicles, and equipment over a wide area (see Figure 8-5).
It is usually easier to be detected when formations are bunched, so, spread out.
The distance between you and your fellow Cadet will vary with the terrain, degree of visibility, and enemy situation.
Distances will normally be set by unit leaders or by a unit's standing operating procedure (SOP).
Figure 8-5. Fire team dispersed
• How to camouflage. o Before camouflaging, study the terrain and vegetation of the area in which
you are operating. o Then pick and use the camouflage material that best blends with that
area. o When moving from one area to another, change camouflage as needed to
blend with the surroundings. o Take grass, leaves, brush, and other material from your location and apply
it to your uniform and equipment and put face paint on your skin (see Figure 8-6).
o Helmets: Camouflage your helmet with the issue helmet cover or make a cover of cloth or burlap that is colored to blend with the terrain.
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Figure 8-6. Camouflaged personnel
The cover should fit loosely with the flaps folded under the helmet
or left hanging. The hanging flaps may break up the helmet outline. Leaves, grass, or sticks can also be attached to the cover. Use camouflage bands, strings, burlap strips, or rubber bands to
hold those in place. If there is no material for a helmet cover, disguise and dull helmet
surface with irregular patterns of paint or mud. o Uniforms: Most uniforms come already camouflaged.
However, it may be necessary to add more camouflage to make the uniform blend better with the surroundings.
To do this, put mud on the uniform or attach leaves, grass, or small branches to it.
Too much camouflage, however, may draw attention. When operating on snow-covered ground, wear over-whites (if
issued) to help blend with the snow. If over-whites are not issued, use white cloth, such as white bed sheets to get the same effect.
o Skin: Exposed skin reflects light and may draw the enemy's attention. Even very dark skin, because of its natural oil, will reflect light. Use Figure 8-7 and Table 8-3 for guidance when applying face
paint to camouflage the skin. When applying camouflage work with a buddy (in pairs) and help
each other. Apply a two-color combination of camouflage stick in an irregular
pattern. Paint shiny areas (forehead, cheekbones, nose, ears, and chin)
with a dark color. Paint shadow areas (around the eyes, under the nose, and under
the chin) with a light color.
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Figure 8-7. Colors used in camouflage
In addition to the face, paint the exposed skin on the back of the
neck, arms, and hands. Palms of hands are not normally camouflaged if arm-and-hand
signals are to be used. Remove all jewelry to further reduce shine or reflection. When camouflage sticks are not issued, use burnt cork, bark,
charcoal, or light-colored mud.
Table 8-3 Camouflaging skin Skin Color Shine Areas Shadow Areas Camouflaged Material Light or dark
Forehead, cheekbones, ears, nose, and chin
Around eyes, under nose, under chin
Loam and Light Green Stick
Use in areas with green vegetation Use loam Use light green
Sand and Light Green Stick
Use in areas lacking green vegetation Use light green Use sand
Loam and White Use only in snow-covered terrain Use loam Use white
Burnt Cork, Bark Charcoal
Use if camouflage sticks not available Use Do not use
Light-Colored Mud Use if camouflage sticks not available Do not use Use
8-5. Foot Marches and Foot Care. Foot marches transport Cadets from one place to another by any available means. A successful move places Cadets and equipment at their destination at the proper time ready for training. There are many historic examples of famous, successful foot marches. Two of these marches are described below. The grueling foot march that took place during the Sicilian campaign from 20 to 21 July 1943 is a good example of a successful World War II foot march. The 3d Battalion, 30th Infantry Regiment, 3d Infantry Division was directed to move on foot across mountains from Aragona to San Stefano to enter into a coordinated attack on enemy forces in San Stefano. The battalion made this record-breaking, 54-mile, cross-
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country continuous march in only 33 hours!! Two hours after arrival, the battalion was part of the attack on San Stefano, which resulted in the town’s capture. A second example was the movement of large elements of the 3rd U.S. Army during the battle of Ardennes in 1944 to stop the enemy counteroffensive. On 16 December 1944, while the 3d U.S. Army was preparing to attack the Siegfried line in Germany, the Battle of the Bulge commenced. By 19 December, the German attack had reached such large proportions that the 3d U.S. Army was directed to cease its attack to the east and turn north. The 3rd U.S. Army shifted its troops from the Saarlautern - Saarbrucken area to the Luxemburg-Belgium area, a distance of 100-road miles, a march accomplished in 3 days! Considerations for Conducting a Foot March
• March discipline includes observing and enforcing the rules and instructions that govern a unit on a march.
o These include formation, distances between elements, speed, and the effective use of concealment and cover.
o Specific controls and restrictions such as water, light, noise, and disciplines are also included.
o March discipline is the culmination of effective training, which results in enthusiastic teamwork among all Cadets.
• Water discipline must be observed by all unit members to ensure best health and marching efficiency. The following rules must be adhered to:
o Drink plenty of water before each march to aid sustainment during movement.
o Drink only treated water from approved sources. o Drink water often—before, during, and after the march. o Drink small quantities of water rather than gulping or rapid intake. o Drink water even when not thirsty. o Drink water slowly to prevent cramps or nausea. o Avoid spilling water. o Refill canteens/hydration packs at every opportunity. o The human body does not operate efficiently without adequate liquid
intake. When Cadets are engaged in strenuous activities, excessive
amounts of water and electrolytes are lost through perspiration. More water is lost through normal body functions such as
respiration and urination, which can create a liquid imbalance in the body.
Dehydration can occur under both above conditions unless water is immediately replaced and Soldiers rest before continuing activities.
Deficient liquid and salt intake during hot weather can also result in heat injuries.
The danger of dehydration is as prevalent in cold regions as it is in hot, dry areas. The difference is that in hot weather the Cadet is aware that his body loses liquids and salt through perspiration. When a Cadet is bundled up in many layers of clothing during cold weather, he can’t see perspiration and has difficulty knowing this
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condition exists. Any perspiration is rapidly absorbed by heavy clothing or evaporates and is rarely visible on the skin.
Foot care during a march is extremely important since feet are enclosed in heavy rigid footwear during most working hours and are constantly in action.
• Good hygiene measures include bathing frequently, using foot powder, wearing properly fitted footwear to allow for ventilation, and correctly trimming toenails.
• The care of minor foot ailments caused by the march should be given the utmost attention.
• Many major conditions requiring hospitalization and disability have resulted from neglected or maltreated minor conditions.
• Conditioning is accomplished by progressively increasing the distance to be marched from day to day.
o Marching is a good way to strengthen the feet and legs. o Running alone will not suffice. o The arch, ankle, and calf can be conditioned by performing simple
exercises such as rising high on the toes, or standing on a towel and using the toes to roll the towel back under the arch.
• Certain preventive measures can be implemented to avoid painful foot problems. o Before marches, trim toenails at least every two or three weeks,
depending upon individual needs. o Cut toenails short and square, and straight across (See chapter 4,
Personal Hygiene for added details). o Keep feet clean and dry, and use foot powder. o Wear clean, dry, un-mended, good-fitting socks (preferably cushion-soled)
with seams and knots outside. o A nylon or polypropylene sock liner can reduce friction and add protection. o Carry an extra pair of socks. o Carefully fit new boots. o When getting used to a new pair of boots, alternate with another pair; tape
vulnerable foot areas before wearing. During halts, lie down with the feet elevated.
• If time permits, massage the feet, apply foot powder, change socks, and medicate blisters.
• Cover open blisters, cuts, or abrasions with absorbent adhesive bandages. • Obtain relief from swelling feet by slightly loosening bootlaces where they cross
the arch of the foot. After marches, repeat procedures for the care of feet, wash and dry socks, and dry boots.
• Medicate blisters, abrasions, corns, and calluses. • Inspect painful feet for sprains and improper fitting of socks and boots. • Feet can develop red, swollen, tender skin along the sides of the feet from
prolonged marching, which could become blisters. • Therefore, feet require aeration, elevation, rest, and wider footwear.
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• Prevent major foot problems by keeping the feet clean. • The formation of blisters and abrasions with dirt and perspiration can cause
infection and serious injury. • If possible, give the feet a daily foot bath. • In the field, cool water seems to reduce the sensation of heat and irritation. • After washing, dry the feet well.
Properly fitted boots are ensured by checking that the space between the end of the great toe and the toe of the boot is the width of the thumb.
• In the unlaced boot, there should be enough space under the lower edge of the tongue to insert an index finger.
• Poorly fitted boots can cause blisters, abrasions, calluses, and corns. • Pressure is caused by boots being too small. • Friction is caused by boots being too large. • If the tops of the toes are involved, the cap is too low or too stiff. • If the ends of the toes are affected, the boot is too short or too loosely laced. • If the sides of the big and little toes become irritated, the boot is too narrow. • Irritation at the heel is caused by boots being too long, too loosely laced, or too
wide a heel space.
Properly laced boots prevent blisters and improper blood flow in the foot. • Laces can assume a seesaw action, which can produce a long blister across the
instep. • To prevent blistering, avoid lacing over the instep. • If possible, broad laces should be used and an extra pair should be carried.
Check for properly fitted socks by first standing with your weight evenly distributed on both feet.
• If the socks fit correctly, no tightness or fullness should exist. • The wool cushion-sole sock is best because it offers good foot protection. • Cadets should allow 3/8 of an inch for shrinkage of new socks. • Those that are too large wrinkle inside the shoe, rub the feet, and cause blisters
and abrasions. • Socks that are too small wear quickly and reduce blood flow in the foot. • Wear two pairs of socks when breaking in new boots—dress socks underneath
wool socks. • Socks must be changed daily - dirty socks are conductors of heat that allow
warmth to escape. • Socks should be washed in lukewarm water to preserve the fiber—hot water can
cause them to shrink. • When socks become damp, they can be dried by placing them inside a shirt next
to the body. • Socks should be completely dry before wearing. • If it is not possible to wash the socks, they should be changed. • Dirty socks should be dried and kneaded with the hands to remove dirt and
hardness.
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8-6. Review Questions. 8-1. How can you protect against heat injury?
a. Drink sufficient amounts of water. b. Drink small amounts of water frequently. c. Drink extra water before challenging events like road marches or obstacle
courses. d. All of the above.
8-2. What are the three types of heat injuries?
a. Heat tiredness, heat stroke, heat sweats. b. Heat headache, heat cramps, nausea. c. Heat stroke, overheated head, hot foot. d. Heat cramps, heat exhaustion, heat stroke.
8-3. Symptoms of heat cramps may include: a. Confusion b. Lack of sweating c. Cramping in the arms, legs, and/or stomach d. Numbness
8-4. Symptoms of heat exhaustion may include:
a. Chills b. Lack of sweating c. Itchy palms d. Slow, shallow breathing
8-5. Symptoms of heat stroke may include:
a. Heavy sweating b. Cool, clammy skin c. Hot, dry skin d. High level of alertness
8-6. Pick one way to protect against a cold injury.
a. Loosen clothing. b. Drink coffee. c. Wear gloves d. Remain indoors.
8-7. What does the word “COLD” stand for when preventing cold weather injuries?
a. Coffee, Over layers, Lay down, Dinner b. Clean your body, promote Overheating, Loosen gloves, Do more exercise. c. Cleanliness & Care, avoid Overheating, Layers and Looseness, Dry. d. Close hood, Open zippers, Drink liquids, Don’t move around.
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8-8. What Trench Foot? a. An injury that results from getting a foot stuck in a trench. b. Prolonged exposure to 32 to 50 degree temperatures with damp or wet socks. c. A length of trench that is one foot long. d. A rotten, old boot.
8-9. How can you avoid injuries from insects?
a. Keep sleeves down, don’t take a shower, check for ticks weekly. b. Keep sleeves down, check for ticks twice a day, apply insect repellent to exposed
skin and uniform. c. Don’t play with insects. d. Bathe once a week – sweat naturally repels insects.
8-10. How can you prevent skin infections?
a. Wash your hands frequently. b. Clean your hands with a hand sanitizing gel. c. Keep your hands out of the dirt. d. Both a and b above.
8-11. Pick the best way to take care of your feet during movement:
a. Change socks frequently, keep feet dry, use foot powder, inspect your feet. b. Tighten your boots, wear white socks. c. Keep your socks wet. d. Pop blisters as soon as they appear.
8-12. What is one step to oral hygiene?
a. Brush your teeth regularly. b. Avoid fatty foods. c. Chew on a toothpick. d. Don’t put anything in your mouth.
8-13. Cohesion is:
a. A covalent bonding model. b. The “glue” that binds a team together. c. A process by which a Cadet joins the US Army Cadet Corps. d. A city in France.
8-14. A fire team wedge is:
a. The best way to get from one place to another. b. A formation used to defend against an ambush. c. The basic fire team formation. d. Best used in dense vegetation and close terrain.
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8-15. What is the normal interval between Cadets in a fire team wedge?
a. 2 meters. b. 10 meters. c. 50 meters. d. 100 meters.
8-16. Concealment is: a. A method of applying camouflage. b. A platoon formation. c. The best way to get from one place to another. d. Anything that hides you from observation.
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Appendix A Cadet Promotion Requirements
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Appendix B Awards and Decorations of the USAC
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U.S. Army Cadet Corps Awards and Badges
Qualification, Marksmanship, and Identification Badges (not to scale) (C= Cadet Award O = Officer Award)
Master Parachutist C/O
Senior Parachutist C/O
Basic Parachutist C/O
Student Parachutist C
Master MEMS C/O
Senior MEMS C/O
Basic MEMS C/O
SCUBA C/O
Licensed Pilot
C/O Solo Pilot
C/O Expert
C/O Sharpshooter
C/O Marksman
C/O National Headquarters Staff
Identification Badge O USAC Identification Badge
O
Ribbons (C= Cadet Award O = Officer Award, # = ribbon device number used with that ribbon) Right Side (2 Awards) Left Side (26 Awards)
Meritorious Unit Award C/O 5,6
Superior Unit Award C/O 5,6
Distinguished Service Medal C/O 4,5
Superior Service Medal C/O 4,5
Lifesaving Medal C/O 4,5
Meritorious Service Medal C/O 4,5
Commendation Medal C/O 4,5
Achievement Medal
C/O 4,5 Commander’s Letter of Commendation Ribbon
C/O 4,5
Daughters of the American Revolution
Medal C
Sons of the American Revolution Medal
C
Navy League of the United States Youth
Medal C
Training Efficiency “E” Ribbon
C/O 10,11
Good Conduct Medal C 7
Outstanding Volunteer
Service Medal C/O 1,2
Officer Professional Development Ribbon
O 6
Cadet NCO Course Ribbon C 2, 8
Seamanship Ribbon C 1,2
Field Training Exercise Ribbon
C
DEA Drug Demand Reduction Ribbon
C/O 3
Academic Excellence Ribbon C 1,2
Physical Excellence
Ribbon C 1,2 Sea Service Ribbon
C/O 1,2 Training Staff
Service Ribbon C/O 1,2
Recruiting Ribbon C/O 1,2
Color Guard/Honor Guard Ribbon C/O 1,2
Basic Leader Course Ribbon C 9
Basic Training Ribbon C 9
Ribbon Devices
1. Silver Service Star
2. Bronze Service Star
3. DEA Shield
4. Silver Oak Leaf Cluster
5. Bronze Oak Leaf Cluster
6. Bronze Arabic Numeral
7. Good Conduct Medal Clasp
8. Silver “H”
9. Bronze “H”
10. “E” Ribbon
11. “E” Ribbon Fourth Award
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Appendix C Cadet Code of Discipline
SECTION 1 - IMMEDIATE DISMISSAL OFFENSES Article 1: Drugs/Narcotics/Misuse of a Controlled Substance. No Cadet shall at any time, whether in a duty capacity or not, consume, chew, smoke, inhale, ingest or inject in himself, or permit himself to be injected with, any form of narcotic, illegal substance or drug; nor shall he bring or cause to be brought onto an USAC facility, to include Department of Defense or other governmental facilities temporarily utilized for USAC training, or into his quarters, or in any other way be in possession or control of, any narcotic, illegal substance or drug of any description, nor shall he inject in another person, sell or present to another person, any narcotic, illegal substance or drug of any description. Steroids not prescribed by a physician will be considered illegal substances for the purposes of this punishable offense as will medications obtainable only by prescription. Article 2: Alcoholic Beverages. No Cadet shall at any time consume or bring or cause to be brought onto an USAC training facility, to include Department of Defense or other governmental facilities temporarily utilized for USAC training, or into his quarters or otherwise in his possession, alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer or liquor of any type, nor shall he present to another Cadet, or act as an agent in the purchase or sale to another Cadet, any alcoholic beverages of any type.
SECTION 2 - POTENTIAL DISMISSAL OFFENSES Potential dismissal offenses are those which may result in dismissal from the USAC after the second offense. Article 3: Alcoholic Beverages. No Cadet shall at any time, consume alcoholic beverages such as wine, beer or liquor of any type; nor shall he present to another person, or act as an agent in the purchase or sale to another person, any alcoholic beverages of any type, while participating in a USAC activity in a non-duty capacity, or when off-duty between USAC activities. Article 4: Assault. No Cadet shall assault, or threaten to assault by words or actions, another Cadet, member of the USAC Officers’ Corps, or any other person. Article 5: Battery. No Cadet shall strike, kick, bump, clutch or touch in an aggressive manner another Cadet, member of the USAC Officers’ Corps, or any other person. Article 6: Misappropriation/Stealing/Shoplifting. No Cadet shall steal, take, borrow or appropriate any property or money of another Cadet or person, institution or commercial business without a correct business transaction and a proper receipt. Unauthorized use of another’s credit card, calling card, or telephone code is considered stealing. Article 7: Off Limits. No Cadet shall be present in, or enter, or make signs to enter, any place that has been designated Off Limits by competent authority.
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Article 8: A Combination of Lesser Offenses. A Combination of Lesser Offenses as listed in Section 3 (Other Punishable Offenses) may result in dismissal.
SECTION 3 - OTHER PUNISHABLE OFFENSES Article 9: Absent or Late. No Cadet shall absent himself from, or be late in reporting to, any scheduled period of instruction, duty, formation, muster, parade, drill, inspection, religious service or other announced or scheduled event without permission from their immediate senior (Squad Leader, Platoon Sergeant, Leading Petty Officer, Troop Handler, etc.). Following the last officially approved event of the evening, excluding overnight liberty, Cadets will remain in their barracks. While on overnight training, to include regularly scheduled drill weekends or Annual Training (AT), Cadets will be in their own racks in their cubes (rooms) and remain there until reveille. “Recons” are not authorized and will be treated as unauthorized absences. Cadets authorized late lights will visit other barracks only with the specific approval of their immediate senior. Late lights will normally expire at 2400. Article 10: Academic Misconduct. No Cadet shall receive, give, or act as an agent in receiving or giving, unauthorized academic assistance to another Cadet or to himself; nor shall a Cadet use deceit, trickery or perversion of truth to complete academic work, or to achieve an evaluation or grade for academic work. Cadets shall have in their possession during academic periods those items directly related to their academic instruction, study or needs, and those items only. Article 11: Borrowing or Lending. No Cadet shall borrow money or any other articles from, or lend money or any other articles to another Cadet, member of the ACA Officers’ Corps or any other person. Article 12: Civilian Dress. No Cadet, E-3 or below, shall wear civilian dress at any time during an ACA training activity. Cadets are expected to wear their uniform to and from all ACA activities, including drills, parades, staff meetings, boards and graduations, including when attending as a guest. Civilian attire may not be worn to an ACA event or activity without the approval of the Unit Commander. Cadets E-4 and above may be permitted to wear civilian clothes, when not in an ACA duty status, as a privilege granted by the Unit Commander. Article 13: Conduct of Immoral or Unethical Nature Which May Bring Discredit Upon the Armed Forces or the U.S. Army Cadet Corps. No Cadet shall at any time exhibit conduct of a nature which injures the reputation of the Armed Forces or the USAC. Included in the conduct prescribed within this article is promiscuous sexual conduct or indecent acts. a. Conduct Prejudicial. No Cadet shall, in words or actions, conduct himself in a manner prejudicial to the good order and discipline of the USAC. b. Conduct, Improper Marriage. No Cadet shall be married while participating as a Cadet. Cadets who are age 17 and found to be married will be dismissed as a Cadet, and required to apply for an appointment as an Officer Candidate. Cadets younger than age 17 and found to be married will be dismissed as a Cadet.
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c. Conduct Unbecoming. No Cadet shall, in words or actions, conduct himself in a manner unbecoming the Armed Forces or the USAC. Article 14: Conspiracy. No Cadet shall conspire with another or other Cadets, or with another or other persons, to violate this Code or any civil law, ordinance or statue. Article 15: Dereliction of Duty. No Cadet shall neglect, be remiss in the performance of, or fail to do his full duty at any time. Cadets will anticipate what is required by ACA regulations and take action accordingly. Article 16: Disobedience. No Cadet shall disobey or disregard a lawful order, spoken, written or otherwise uttered by an officer, Cadet Leader senior or equal in rank, or by any other competent authority. Article 17: Disrespect. No Cadet shall be disrespectful in words, gesture or attitude to any officer or Cadet Leader senior or equal in rank or to any adult person. Article 18: Disturbance. No Cadet shall disturb the peace, good order or discipline of any period of instruction, duty, formation, muster, parade, drill, inspection, religious service, meal, social gathering, living area, place of study, place of business or any other place or activity. Article 19: Equipment Unclean. No Cadet shall appear with, or permit to appear with, or appear in itself, unclean weapons, accouterments, uniform clothing or equipment, on charge to that Cadet, at any time or at any place. Article 20: Falsehood. No Cadet shall speak, write, or in any way, utter or imply words or ideas he knows to be false. Article 21: Fighting. No Cadet shall participate in, make signs of intending to participate in, instigate, arrange or encourage a fight where blows are struck or a physical struggle occurs; or where blows may be struck or a physical struggle may occur. Article 22: Fraud. No Cadet shall employ deceit, trickery or perversion of truth for any purpose. Article 23: Gambling. No Cadet shall participate in any form of gambling through games of cards, dice, coins, or tokens; or in any other kind of contest at which money, property or favors may change hands. Article 24: General Article. No Cadet shall exhibit any conduct prejudicial to the good order and discipline of the ACA. A Cadet may be charged under this article if the accused offense does not fall under an article contained herein. Article 25: Hazing. No Cadet shall haze another Cadet by ordering or demanding unnecessarily disagreeable work, exercise, drill or other activities, or by unnecessary harassment, abuse, ridicule or humiliation. This does not preclude motivational training for Cadet Recruits, as outlined in USAC Instruction 1513.2 (Series), Motivational Training for Cadet Recruits While Attending Recruit Training.
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Article 26: Impersonation. No Cadet shall impersonate rank not his own, or honors not his own, by displaying upon himself a medal, ribbon or any other device he has not been awarded by competent authority. Article 27: Inattention. No Cadet shall sleep or display inattention during any period of instruction, duty, formation, muster, parade, drill, inspection, religious service or any other activity. Article 28: Mail Tampering. No Cadet shall open another Cadet’s mail, or other person’s mailbox or mail, nor shall he hold or read the mail of another Cadet or person without his permission. Article 29: Malingering. No Cadet shall feign illness or injury to avoid instruction, duty, work, examination, physical fitness test, formation, muster, parade, drill, inspection, religious service or any other event. Article 30: Misbehavior of a Sentinel. No Cadet shall, while serving as a sentry, fail to remain in an alert status while assigned a duty that requires them to be awake. Article 31: Missing Ship or Unit Movement. No Cadet scheduled to be embarked on a ship or vessel, or to travel with his or her unit, shall fail to appear in sufficient time to accompany the ship, vessel or unit upon departure. Article 32: Moral Turpitude. No Cadet shall commit or be a party to the commission of any act that is foul, base, ugly, shameful or obscene. Article 33: Motor Vehicles. No Cadet may ride in the vehicle of another person, while in an ACA duty status, without the approval of the Cadet’s Unit Commander. No Cadet will provide a ride to another Cadet without the approval of the other Cadet’s parent(s)/guardian(s). Article 34: Negligence. No Cadet shall act with negligence in a manner that might bring about the injury of another Cadet or person; nor shall he act with negligence in a manner that might bring about the damage or destruction of government, USAC, or private property. Article 35: Profanity. No Cadet shall speak, write, or in any way, utter or gesture profane words or ideas. Article 36: Property Unsecured. No Cadet shall, at any time, leave his personal property or money, jewelry, clothing or any other item of value; or government or ACA property on loan to the Cadet; unsecured or unguarded, nor shall he leave his locker(s) or lock(s) unlocked while not present in his quarters. Article 37: Public Display of Affection (PDA). No Cadet shall kiss, hug, hold hands, place their arm around for an extended period, caress, etc., any other person while in an ACA duty status and wearing the ACA uniform. Hugging ones parents or other immediate family member is permitted.
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Article 38: Quarters Misuse. No Cadet shall use his quarters to hide unauthorized items; or keep in his quarters unauthorized food or beverages of any kind; or obscene material of any kind; or any unauthorized electrical appliance; or shall have in his quarters between taps and reveille any light on of any kind; or shall he or his equipment make noise in his quarters that may be heard from outside his quarters, or shall he leave his rack between taps and reveille, except for personal hygiene reasons; or shall have in his quarters at any time an unauthorized guest. Article 39: Quarters Privacy. No Cadet shall enter quarters other than his own unless at least one of the Cadets assigned to those quarters is present and issues an invitation to enter. Cadet Leaders may enter the quarters of another Cadet when performing a scheduled inspection. Article 40: Quarters Unclean. No Cadet shall have unclean or disorderly quarters. Article 41: Sale of Articles. No Cadet shall sell or offer to sell to another Cadet, member of the ACA Officers’ Corps, or any other person, any printed material, foodstuffs, soft drinks, cigarettes, items of uniform clothing, or any item of like nature, without the authority of the Unit Commander. Article 42: Telephone Misuse. No Cadet shall, without proper authority, use an official government or ACA telephone to transmit or receive personal messages; or use the public telephones in or about the barracks on an ACA facility, to include Department of Defense or other governmental facilities temporarily utilized for ACA training, between taps and reveille, nor shall any Cadet use, borrow or steal another Cadets’ phone card calling number or code. Article 43: Tobacco Misuse. No Cadet shall use or possess any tobacco substances, to include “snuff” or “dip,” while participating in ACA activities. Tobacco paraphernalia such as pipes are also prohibited. Article 44: Unauthorized Absence. No Cadet shall fail to notify his chain of command, no less than 72 hours in advance, when the Cadet must miss a scheduled drill or activity. An unauthorized absence cannot be redeemed by a make-up drill. Article 45: Uniform Improper. No Cadet shall at any time appear in an unclean or unpressed uniform, or with unshined shoes or other leather; unshined brass or silvered accessories; or with unclean medals, ribbons or badges. No Cadet shall wear a uniform or portion of a uniform not authorized by ACA directives and the training schedule; nor wear a uniform in a sloppy or incorrect manner. Article 46: Vandalism/Damage/Destruction. No Cadet shall willfully, or through negligence, deface, damage or destroy any property, facility or equipment of the government or USAC, another Cadet, or another person or any public or private institution or commercial business. Article 47: Weapons Unauthorized. No Cadet shall have in his possession a weapon such as a firearm, blade, razor, stick, chain or any object of any substance or shape that
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is intended by design or the holder to do harm, except weapons issued or approved by competent authority for the purpose of military instruction, duty or ceremony. Article 48: Wrongful Possession. No Cadet shall have in his possession the property, to include uniform items, or money of another Cadet or of any other person, institution or commercial business without proof of a correct business transaction and a proper receipt.
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Glossary Section I Abbreviations AT Annual Training BCT Basic Cadet Training BLC Basic Leader's Course CNCOC Cadet Non-Commissioned Officer's Course CTC Cadet Transition Course NCO Non-Commissioned Officer POI Period of Instruction POI Program of Instruction RO Recruit Orientation THA Troop Handler's Academy TSP Training Support Package USAC United States Army Cadets UTA Unit Training Assembly Section II Terms American Cadet Alliance One of the parent organizations of the USAC. American Nautical Alliance One of the parent organizations of the USAC.
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American Nautical Cadets One of the parent organizations of the USAC. American Naval and Marine Scouts One of the parent organizations of the USAC. Annual Training A multiple-week summer training activity. Basic Cadet Training The two-week summer camp all Recruits must attend their first summer in the USAC. Basic Leader Course A course in small-unit leadership taught to Cadet privates first class and corporals. It is required for promotion to sergeant. Battalion A unit made up of three to four companies, a battalion commander and his staff. Brigade A unit made up of three to four battalions, a brigade commander and his staff. Buddy A fellow Recruit who is assigned to be your partner through Recruit Orientation or Basic Cadet Training. Cadet A graduate of BCT or the CTC. Cadet Non-Commissioned Officer's Course A course in unit leadership taught to Cadet sergeants and staff sergeants. It is required for promotion to sergeant first class. Cadet Transition Course A one-week introductory course available to those entering the USAC from other cadet organizations. Chain of command The line of commanding officers from the National Commander down to your Company Commander or Platoon Leader. Colonel Cody's Boy Scouts The name of the original parent organization of the USAC. Command Sergeant Major The senior Cadet NCO in a brigade, division, or command. This is an NCO Support Channel position. Company A unit made up of two to four platoons, a company commander and his staff.
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Drill One or more Unit Training Assemblies put together to train Cadets and recruits in basic USAC subjects. First Line Supervisor The person who you report to. Normally a Cadet corporal or sergeant for Recruits and junior enlisted Cadets. First Sergeant The Senior Cadet NCO in a company. This is an NCO Support Channel position. Genovese, Jr., Peter E. Former Soldier, National Guardsman, and National Commandant of the American Cadet Alliance. Co-founded the U.S. Army Cadet Corps with then Lieutenant Colonel Charles R. Tornow. Grade See pay grade Junior Naval Reserve One of the parent organizations of the USAC. Make-up drill A training or assistance activity that a unit commander may allow for a Cadet who can not attend a normally scheduled unit drill. Maritime Brigade One of the parent organizations of the USAC. Murdoch, Gilbert G. Former Cadet, Soldier and National Commandant of the American Cadet Alliance. NCO Support Channel The noncommissioned officer (sergeants) positions that are paired with unit commanders. New York Junior Naval Militia One of the parent organizations of the USAC. Non-Commissioned Officer The enlisted leadership ranks. In the Army, these are corporals and sergeants. Pay grade The pay rate for a service member. Designated with an E for enlisted Soldiers (for example E-5 is a sergeant), a W for Warrant Officers (W-2 is a Warrant Officer 2), and an O for officers (O-3 is a Captain). Cadet grades are designated with a C (for example, C-4 is a Cadet Corporal). Period of Instruction A class with a set subject, lesson plan and schedule.
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Phonetic alphabet Short, understandable words used in place of letters in radio communications. Pistol belt The standard-issue green nylon military equipment belt with a plastic buckle. Platoon A unit made up of two to four squads and a Cadet platoon sergeant. Platoon Sergeant The Senior Cadet NCO in a platoon. This is an NCO Support Channel position. Program of Instruction A series of classes (periods of instruction) that together make up a complete training program. Recruit Orientation, BCT, and the CTC are all examples of programs of instruction. Rank The title for a pay grade. For example, the rank of Sergeant corresponds to the pay grade E-5. Recruit A new Cadet member of the USAC who has not yet completed BCT or the CTC. Recruit Orientation The course that introduces Recruits to basic Cadet subjects. Regiment A notional unit made up of nine or more companies, a regimental commander and his staff. Retreat The end of the Army duty day, announced with a bugle call. Reveille The beginning of the Army duty day, announced with a bugle call. Sergeant Major The senior NCO in a battalion. This is an NCO Support Channel position. Smyth, James H. C. Founder of Colonel Cody's Boy Scouts and the Junior Naval Reserve. Sponsor A Cadet in the unit who is assigned to help you get 'settled in' and to answer your questions.
Squad A unit made up of two to four teams and a Cadet squad leader. Squad Leader The Cadet NCO in command of a squad.
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Team A unit made up of two to three Cadets, including a Cadet team leader. Tornow, Charles R. Former Cadet, Sailor, Marine and National Commander of the American Cadet Alliance. Co-founder of the U.S. Army Cadet Corps along with Brigadier General Peter E. Genovese, USAR. First National Commander and Commanding General of the United States Army Cadet Corps. Training Support Package The materials provided to help instructors provide a Period Of Instruction (POI), Troop Handlers Academy A course in leadership and Recruit training taught to Cadet sergeants and staff sergeants who are selected to train BCT Recruits. Unit Training Assembly A unit training activity that runs over one weekend a month or a month's worth of weekly meetings. Zulu The time zone that corresponds to Greenwich Mean Time.