AC Motor Control and EV Applications

Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Chapter 12

HEV Basics

Benefits of HEVs:

1.Idle off 2.Regenerative braking3.Power assist or power split

Types of HEVs

0%

Electric100%

Electric

Traditional

ICE

Mild HEV PHEV 10 Battery Electric

Vehicle (`BEV’)

Micro HEV Full HEV PHEV 20

PHEV 40

PHEV 60

Engine

Battery

Motor

Gas

Generator

Battery

Motor

Gas

Battery

Motor

(a) (b) (c)

POSTECH CMD Lab

Types of HEVs

ICE Brake Specific Fuel Map

1000 30002000 4000

20

(Nm)

40

60

80

100

(rpm)Engine speed

Eng

ine

torq

ue

500 g/kWh

400350

300

270

250

240

230 235

0

Optimal operating line

120 Max. torque line(Max. throttle angle)

Engine offin HEV

Engine offin HEV

POSTECH CMD Lab

Input Split e-CVT Architecture

Engine

Drive to Wheels

Engine

Drive to Wheels

Engine

Drive to Wheels

Converter

InverterBattery

Generator

Motor

Converter

InverterBattery

Motor

Converter

InverterBattery

Generator

Motor

Power SplitDevice

(b) Parallel (c) Series/parallel(a) Series

POSTECH CMD Lab

Planetary Gear

Ring gear

Carrier

Sun gear

(a) (b)

S

C R

(c)

Planetary Gear

Generatorrpm

Enginerpm

Motor rpm(vehicle speed)

Sun gear Carrier Ring gear

Planetary Gear Torque Equation

Torque and powerbalance equation

E-CVT of Toyota Hybrid System

Power Split with Speeder and Torquer

Lever Diagram

Vehicle Launch and Battery EV Mode

Normal Driving Mode

Normal Driving Mode (Sankey Diagram)

FD loss-2635WMechanical drive train

M/G. & inv. loss-216W

Electrical drive train

Power Boost Mode at Sudden Acceleration

Power Boost Mode (Sankey Diagram)

FD loss : -6829 W

M/G, inv. losses: -1944 W

Regenerative Braking

Engine Cranking and Battery Charging

Prius II Driving Cycle Simulation

Battery SOC

US06Hwy

ICE freq. map

UDDS

Series Drive Train

ICE

Generator Motor

ReductionGear

DC/DCConverter

Inverter

Power Bus

x 0.92 x 0.97

ACDC

x 0.97

DCAC

x 0.92

Total elec. path efficiency = 0.8

Inverter

Battery

Motor Operation Points (Series Drive Train)

US06HwyUDDS

Engine Involvement in a Series HEV

UDDSUDDS

SOC

Engine

Parallel Drive Train

Overall Parallel Hybrid Control Block

BMS

Main battery

14Vbattery

DC/DC converter PowerControlUnit

Gatedriver

CVT

Engine

TPS

Throttlebody

Enginecontroller

CVTcontroller

PMSM

Throttle command

Throttle angleTemperatureResolver

HallCurrentSensor

CAN

Inverter

voltage

Current

On/off

CAN

Batterycellvoltage

SDU

Parallel Hybrid Engine/Motor Operation Points

UDDS US06Hwy