Assessment  of  CrIMSS  Version  Change  (Mx5.3  à  Mx6.3)  on  October  15th,  2012  

Methodology  

Satellite  Data  

Valida&on  of  Temperature  Profile  Environmental  Data  Records  (EDRs)  from  the  Cross-­‐Track  Infrared  Microwave  Sounding  Suite  (CrIMSS)  Using  COSMIC  Dry  Temperature  Profiles  

Michelle  Feltz,  Robert  Knuteson,  Henry  Revercomb,  Dave  Tobin,  and  Steve  Ackerman    CooperaPve  InsPtute  for  Meteorological  Satellite  Studies,  University  of  Wisconsin-­‐Madison  

Abstract  This  paper  presents  a  methodology  for  validaPng  the  measurements   from  the  Cross-­‐Track   Infrared   Microwave   Sounding   Suite   (CrIMSS)   using   combined  observaPons   from   the  Advanced   Technology  Microwave   Sounder   (ATMS)   and  the  hyperspectral  infrared  Cross-­‐track  Infrared  Sounder  (CrIS)  on  the  Suomi  NPP  satellite,   the   first   satellite   of   the   newly   created   U.S.   JPSS   program.   The  atmospheric  verPcal  temperature  profiles  (AVTPs)  from  the  CrIMSS  operaPonal  product  are  compared  to  temperature  profiles  obtained  from  radio  occultaPon  (RO)  from  the  COSMIC  GPS  RO  network.  In  parPcular,  bias,  RMS,  and  standard  deviaPon  profile   staPsPcs  will   be  presented   for   global   and  30  degree   laPtude  zones  for  selected  Pme  periods  in  2012.  Similar  validaPon  staPsPcs  using  AIRS  and   COSMIC   profile   matchups   will   be   created   for   the   same   space   and   Pme  periods.   The  matchup  methodology  was   used   to   evaluate   the   dependence   of  the  ray  path  averaging  on  the  staPsPcal  results  by  comparing  the  closest  single  AIRS  profile,  to  the  average  along  a  ray  path,  and  to  the  average  of  a  circle  of  radius   equal   to   the   horizontal   ray   path   length   through   the   atmosphere.   The  opPmal   method   of   comparison   between   GPS   RO   and   IR   soundings   from   the  Suomi  NPP   satellite  will   be   presented.   A   comparison  will   be  made   of   CrIMSS  EDR   performance   relaPve   to   NASA   AIRS   L2   product   in   order   to   assess   the  CrIMSS   product   accuracy.   This   evaluaPon   is   in   support   of   the   NOAA   NESDIS  calibraPon/validaPon  acPviPes  for  the  checkout  of  the  Suomi  NPP  satellite.  

Acknowledgments    

Contact:  michelle.feltz@ssec.wisc.edu    -­‐    UW-­‐Madison  AOS/CIMSS/SSEC  

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We  gratefully  acknowledge  the  NPSO  (Taiwan’s  NaPonal  Space  OrganizaPon)  and  UCAR  (University  Center  for  Atmospheric  Research)  for  access  to  the  COSMIC  RO  data.    We  would  like  to  thank  the  Goddard  Space  Flight  Center  (GSFC)  Data  Archive  for  access  to  the  AIRS  Level  2  data  products.  This  work  was  supported  under  JPSS  NOAA  grant  NA10NES4400013.    

Case  Study:  November  4th  2012,  Madison,  WI  

References          

Anthes,  R.  A.  et  al.,  2008:  The  COSMIC/FORMOSAT-­‐3  mission:  early  results.  Bull.  Amer.  Meteor.  Soc.,  89,  313–333.  doi:  hep://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-­‐89-­‐3-­‐313.    Borbas,  E.,W.  P.  Menzel,  J.  Li,  H.  M.  Woolf,  2003:  Effects  of  GPS/RO  refracPviPes  on  IR/MW  retrievals,  ITSC-­‐13,  Sainte  Adele,  Canada,  29  October  -­‐  4  November  2003.  Healy,  S.B.  and  Eyre,  J.R.  2000:  Retrieving  temperature,  water  vapour  and  surface  pressure  informaPon  from  refracPvity-­‐index  profiles  derived  by  radio  occultaPon:  A  simulaPon  study.  Q.  J.  R.  Meteorol.  Soc.,  126,  1661-­‐1683.  Kursinski,  E.R.,  Hajj  ,G.A.,  Schofield,  J.T.,  Linfields,  R.P.  and  Hardy,  K.R.  1997:  Observing  Earth’s  atmosphere  with  radio  occultaPon  measurement  using  the  Global  PosiPoning  System.  J.  Geophys.  Res.,  102,  23,429-­‐23,465.  Tobin,  D.  C.  et  al.,  2006:  Atmospheric  RadiaPon  Measurement  site  atmospheric  state  best  esPmates  for  Atmospheric  Infrared  Sounder  temperature  and  water  vapor  retrieval  validaPon.  J.  Geophys.  Res.,  111,  D09S14,  doi:10.1029/2005JD006103.  Yunck  et  al.,  2009:  Use  of  radio  occultaPon  to  evaluate  atmospheric  temperature  data  from  spaceborne  infrared  sensors.  Terr.  Atmos.  Ocean.  Sci.,  Vol.  20,  No.  1,  71-­‐85.  

Prior  to  CrIMSS  update:  Mx5.3  IDPS  42/22  

hep://www.cosmic.ucar.edu/launch/GPS_RO_cartoon.jpg  

The   COSMIC   Data   Analysis   and   Archival  Center-­‐CDAAC  (hep://cosmic-­‐io.cosmic.ucar.-­‐  edu/cdaac/products.html)  was  used   to  obtain  COSMIC  data.  The  product  used  for  the  results  shown   was   the   real-­‐Pme   atmPrf     ‘dry  temperature’.   A   typical   COSMIC   profile   is  obtained  in  about  100  seconds  with  over  3,000  verPcal   samples.   A   quality   control   flag   is  included   in   the   GPS   RO   netcdf   files.   For   an  example  day,  19  October  2007,  the  percentage  of   GPS   profiles   marked   bad   was   2.5%.   These  bad  profiles  are  excluded  from  the  analysis.    

AIRS Scan Geometry with 30 cross track soundings between ±49° and a horizontal

resolution of about 45 km

Onboard   the   NASA   Aqua   satellite,   AIRS   looks  toward   the   ground   through   a   cross-­‐track  rotary   scan   mirror   which   provides   +/-­‐49.5  degrees   (from   nadir)   ground   coverage   along  with  views  to  cold  space  and  on-­‐board  spectral  and  radiometric  calibraPon  sources  every  scan  cycle.  For  each  of  the  ninety  ground  footprints  observed   each   scan,   one   spectrum   with   all  2378  spectral  samples  is  obtained.    The  AIRS  IR  spaPal  resoluPon  is  13.5  km  at  nadir  from  the  705.3   km   orbit.   The   AIRS   Level   2   products  contain   atmospheric   temperature   and  moisture   profiles   from   about   1   mb   down   to  the   surface   with   a   horizontal   resoluPon   of  about   45   km   and   provide   nearly   complete  daily   global   coverage   in   ascending   and  descending   modes.   The   version   5   support  product  AIRX2SUP  was  used  in  this  analysis.      

The   Crosstrack   Infrared   Sounder   (CrIS)   and   the  advanced   Technology   Microwave   Sounder   (ATMS)  together   represent   the   latest   addiPon   to   a   long  series   of   atmospheric   satellite   sounders   that  originated   in  the   late  1970's.  CrIS   is  a  hyperspectral  sounder   that   will   make   it   possible   to   conPnue   the  advancements   of   observaPons   and   research   that  started   with   the   Atmospheric   Infrared   Sounder  (AIRS)  in  2002,  and  ATMS  will  similarly  conPnue  the  series   of   observaPons   that   started   with   the  Advanced   Microwave   Sounding   Unit   (AMSU)   first  launched  by  NOAA  in  1998.    The  CrIMSS  42/22  layer  EDR   IDPS   product   used   in   the   study   was   obtained  from   the  NOAA  CLASS   system.   The   data   used   prior  to  mid  October  (for  the  Oct.  1st  to  10th  analysis)    was  Mx5.3  and  aser  mid  October  (Oct  22nd  -­‐31st  analysis  and  case  study)  was  Mx6.3.      

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Figure 1. From left to right, AIRS a) 32.3 mb (AIRS Level 30), b)103 mb (AIRS Level 44) and c) 300 mb (AIRS Level 63) temperatures differenced from the AIRS closest profile temperature (K) showing the closest profile (black square), circular averaged profile radius (magenta circle), ray averaged profiles (red dots), and the COSMIC RO raypath (black line).  

Figure 2. Illustration of the closest (black square), circular (blue circle), and ray path (red dots) methods for a single GPS profile (green) for the circle centered at the GPS RO level of (a) 30 hPa, (b) 100 hPa, (c) 300 hPa, and (d) the perigee point of GPS RO occultation.

c) AIRS Pressure Level 63 (300 mb) a) AIRS Pressure Level 30 (32.3 mb) b) AIRS Pressure Level 44 (103 mb)

IllinoisIndiana

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AQer    CrIMSS  update:  Mx6.3  IDPS  42/22  

Conclusions  •  A  methodology  has  been  developed  for  the  validaPon  of  CrIMSS  AVTP  

in   the   upper   troposphere   and   lower   stratosphere   using   GPS   radio  occultaPon.    

•  GPS   RO   dry   temperature   from   the   COSMIC   network   is   matched   to  CrIMSS  profiles  within  one  hour.  

•  The  GPS   RO   horizontal   resoluPon   of   300   km   is   accounted   for   using   a  raypath  method.  

•  This  methodology  has  been  used  to  evaluate  a  CrIMSS  sosware  version  update  that  occurred  on  15  October  2012.  

•  The   overall   quality   control   percentage   of   combined   (IR+MW)   to  combined  +  IR  only  +  MW  only  before  the  update  was  6%  and  aser  the  update  was  over  20%.  

•  The   same   methodology   has   been   applied   to   AIRS   v5   retrievals   to  provide  a  relaPve  comparison.  

•  Coincident   RS92   sonde   launches   from  UW-­‐Madison   are   being   used   in  detailed  case  study  analyses.      

CrIMSS  and  AIRS    Profile  locaPons    

Above, the red line indicates the track of the COSMIC GPS RO profile (18:27 UTC). The red star is the perigee point of occultation. The cyan stars indicate CrIMSS profiles (19:03-19:11 UTC) within150 km of Madison. The radiosonde track is shown in green (18:44-20:34 UTC).

The figures below contain an overlay of the GPS RO profile (red), the radiosonde launched from UW-SSEC (green), the circular weighted AIRS profile (black), and the circular weighted CrIMSS profile (blue). The right hand figure illustrates the 300 to 30 mb pressure range for which the COSMIC dry temperature profile is most accurate. Note that both the radiosonde and COSMIC profiles have higher vertical resolution than AIRS or CrIMSS.

Note:  The  COSMIC  GPS  RO  dry  temperature  is  contaminated  by  water  vapor  below  about  300mb.      

In   this   temperature  profile  matchup  methodology,   spaPally   and   temporally   coincident  GPS  RO  profiles   and   IR   granules  were  found.    For  each  case,  three  matchup  techniques  were  used  for  comparison  and  analyzed  with  the  same  staPsPcal  analysis.    The  closest  profile,  the  circular  averaged  profile  of  a  radius  half  the  GPS  RO  horizontal  resoluPon,  and  the  ray-­‐path  averaged  profile  of  AIRS  data  were  computed.  In  order  to  invesPgate  the  effect  of  the  horizontal  resoluPon  of  the  GPS  RO,  these  three  different  approaches  to  creaPng  an  IR  matchup  profile  were  evaluated.  The  azimuth  angle  of  the  radio  occultaPon  for  each  COSMIC  RO  profile   alPtude   was   used   to   compute   the   horizontal   extent   of   the   nominal   GPS   RO   horizontal   resoluPon   at   each   reported  alPtude  level  (Kursinski  et  al.  1997).  Figure  1  below  shows  the  spaPal  extent  of  a  135  km  radius  averaging  circle  on  selected  AIRS  retrieval  levels.  Figure  2  to  the  right  illustrates  the  closest,  circular,  and  raypath  methods  as  a  3D  profile.        

3.5 THE NPOESS CROSS-TRACK INFRARED SOUNDER (CrIS) AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY MICROWAVE SOUNDER (ATMS) AS A COMPANION TO THE NEW GENERATION AIRS/AMSU AND IASI/AMSU SOUNDER SUITES

G.A. Bingham*, C. Fish, V. Zavyalov, M.P. Esplin - Space Dynamics Laboratory, Logan, UT N.S. Pougatchev - JPL, Pasadena, CA

W.J. Blackwell - MIT Lincoln Laboratory C.D. Barnet - NOAA, Camp Springs, MD

INTRODUCTION This paper reviews the Cross-track Infrared Sounder (CrIS) and the Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder (ATMS) that together make up the Crosstrack Infrared and Microwave Sounding Suit (CrIMSS). CrIMSS will fly on the NPOESS Preparatory Project (NPP) spacecraft. The many hours provided by industrial and government team members have made CrIS and ATMS world class sensors. The CrIMSS sounding suit builds upon the rich heritage of currently flying sensor including: Atmospheric Infrared Sounder (AIRS), Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (IASI) and Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU).

SYSTEM OVERVIEW The measurement concept of the CrIS and ATMS sensors is shown in Fig. 1. These two sensors are used in tandem to produce atmospheric temperature, water vapor, and pressure profiles from the NPP satellite. CrIS, a Michelson interferometer, collects data in the form of interferograms that are converted to calibrated

atmospheric spectra on the ground. ATMS is a microwave radiometer. CrIS has higher spectral and spatial resolution, but ATMS has the advantage of being able to produce profiles through clouds. The CrIS and ATMS instrument footprints are co-aligned and scanned in the cross track direction so as to map a swath approximately 2500 km wide on the ground. The ATMS scan extends slightly wider than that of CrIS to ensure that there are no measurement gaps between successive satellite passes at the equator.

The raw CrIS and ATMS instrument data from the spacecraft are packaged into raw data record (RDR). These RDRs are transmitted to the ground and subsequently processed into calibrated radiance spectra by ground software. These sensor data records (SDR) from CrIS and ATMS are combined and further processed into environmental data records (EDR), which include atmospheric temperature, pressure, and water vapor profiles.

Figure 1. CrIS and ATMS system overview

*Gail Bingham, SDL, Logan, UT email: gail.bingham@sdl.usu.edu

           

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Both  CrIMSS  and  COSMIC  temperature  profiles  are  computed  at  the  AIRS  101  levels  using  nearest  neighbor  linear  interpola?on  prior  to  sta?s?cal  analysis.  

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AIRS  v5  minus  COSMIC  aQer  CrIMSS  update