absolute monarchy the scientific revolution, age of enlightenment, and the american revolution ...
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Absolute Monarchy
The Scientific Revolution, Age of Enlightenment, and the American Revolution
Issues of disunity in Europe (Renaissance, Reformation, Counter-Reformation, Sci. Revolution)
Main cause of Disunity: Competition between the Aristocracy & the Monarchy
European countries attempted to solve this disunity in two ways: Constitutionalism & Absolutism
Constitutionalism vs. Absolutism
Constitutionalism (decentralized power): does not require a written constitution, but does require a set of rules about government which government respects. It also implies a balance in power between the government and its subjects (Parliament, Congress, Representatives, etc.)
Absolutism (centralized power): Right to rule is held by solely by a King/Queen; no assembly or group of nobles may limit the Monarchs authority. Uses Divine Right of Kings as justification,
Review of the Scientific Revolution
What was the Scientific Revolution?
How was the Scientific Revolution a result of the Renaissance, Reformation, and Age of Exploration?
How did the Scientific Revolution change the way people approached scientific study?
What do you think is the most significant result of the Scientific Revolution?
What is an Absolute Monarch?
Monarch (King or Queen) that centralizes power under one leader
King or Queen controls all aspects of the country and daily life Uses religion to keep people under control Controls economy Leads military and decides when to declare war Creates all laws
Divine Right of Kings
What is It?: The King gets the right to rule directly from God and does not have to answer to any other source
Why is it Important?: Used to justify the strong absolute monarchs
More Details on Absolute Monarchs
Where?: Europe, specifically France, Spain, and Russia
When?: 1500s to the late 1700s
Who?: Louis XIV (France), King Phillip II (Spain), Peter the Great (Russia)
King Louis XIV of France
Reigns from 1643-1715 CE
Strongest Monarch in all of French History
Called himself “the Sun King” because he was the center of the universe
Took all power in France for himself – eliminated all enemies
Successes and Failures of Louis XIV
Successes Increased power of French
monarch
Built strongest army in Europe
Improves economy – France is wealthiest in Europe
Promotes the Arts - Spreads French culture throughout Europe
Palace of Versailles
Failures Eliminates French law-making body
– the Estates General
Involved in many costly wars (lost most of them)
France becomes enemy of others in Europe
Religious persecution of Protestants
Long-term cause of the French Revolution
The Palace of Versailles
• Center of French Monarchy through 1798• 1/3 of a mile long palace on 2000 acres of land• 700 rooms• 1400 fountains