abel onyango, phd student kenya aids vaccine initiative-university of nairobi
DESCRIPTION
EFFECTS OF SEXUAL ACTIVITY ON IMMUNE ACTIVATION AMONG HIV-EXPOSED SERONEGATIVE FEMALES AT PUMWANI CLINIC, NAIROBI. Abel Onyango, PhD student Kenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative-University of Nairobi Dept. of Medical Microbiology. OUTLINE. Background Problem statement Justification - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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EFFECTS OF SEXUAL ACTIVITY ON IMMUNE ACTIVATION AMONG HIV-EXPOSED SERONEGATIVE FEMALES AT PUMWANI CLINIC, NAIROBI
Abel Onyango, PhD studentKenya AIDS Vaccine Initiative-University
of NairobiDept. of Medical Microbiology
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OUTLINE
BackgroundProblem statementJustificationResearch questionsHypothesisObjectivesMethodsTime-plan
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OVERALL OBJECTIVE
• To determine the effects of sex work on systemic T cell activation in HIV-Exposed Seronegative (HESN) female sex workers at Pumwani Clinic, Nairobi
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BACKGROUND
• In Kenya, new infections =104,137 (91,000=Adults)
• Sexual transmission accounts for approx. 93% of new HIV infections; with heterosexual bearing 77% cases
• About 10-15% population resist HIV (Shearer and Clerici, 2010)
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NEW HIV INFECTIONS-KENYA 2011
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HESN FEMALE SEX WORKERS
• Definition: Previous =3 or more years • Current definition >7yrs of follow up
with normal CD4 and seronegative and PCR result for HIV
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MODEL OF THE SEROCONVERSION
Fowke et al., 1996
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CHARACTERISTICS OF HESN
• Lower levels of activated T cells in the peripheral blood
• Increased levels of peripheral regulatory T cells
• Decreased levels of inflammatory cytokine production
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PROBLEM STATEMENT
Global vision for ‘zero new infections’ by 2015 heightens need for effective preventive HIV and treatment strategies
Sexual transmission is the primary driver of Kenya’s HIV infections
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JUSTIFICATION
Varying susceptibility to HIV between high risk individuals has not been clearly elucidated
Role of menstrual cycle on immune activation is unclear
Urgent need for prevention strategies and/or new treatment options
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RESEARCH QUESTIONS
• Does persistent sex-driven stimulation induce Immune Quiescent state among HESN female sex workers?
• What effect does menstrual cycle have upon immune activation among HESN female sex workers during abstinence?
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HYPOTHESIS
• HESN individuals downregulate sex work-driven immune activation more efficiently than HIV susceptible controls, which provides protection against subsequent HIV exposure
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METHODOLOGY
Sex work-Abstinence-Sex work
Data analysis
Data analysis
HESNN = 40
HIV-Neg N = 40
HIV-Pos N = 40
Consent and recruitment
Base-line blood draws
Longitudinal observed study
Blood draws and lab analysis
• Blood CD69, CD38, CCR5,CCR7,HLA-DR levels
Blood draws and lab analysis
• Blood CD69, CD38, CCR5,CCR7,HLA-DR levels
Data analysis Analysis will be done using paired T-test and ANOVA
to compare differences in means of T cell activation determinants
Data analysis Analysis will be done using paired T-test and ANOVA
to compare differences in means of T cell activation determinants
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FLOW CYTOMETRY PANEL
• CD3 PECy5 • CD4 FITC • CD8 V500 • CCR7 PE-CF594 • CD45RA Alexa700 • CCR5 V450 • HLA-DR APC-H7• CD161 APC• CD95 PE, • CD69 PE-Cy7
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SO WHAT???
Clear understanding and potential discovery of unique protective mechanisms among HESN individuals may provide opportunity for further scientific knowledge and perhaps develop new preventive interventions or treatment options for HIV
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
• Dr. Keith Fowke,PhD
• Prof. Omu Anzala, MD, PhD
• Dr. Julius Oyugi, PhD
• Julie Lajoie,PhD• Genevieve Boily-
Larouche,PhD• Lyle
McKinnon,PhD
• UOM• IDRC• UNITID staffs• KAVI-UON staffs