abdu'l-bahá in new york: the city of the covenant

7/31/2019 'Abdu'l-Bah in New York: The City of the Covenant

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'Ox* bjn Oxv* Dnqbxn bjn Fbxxed Kejjdu- ~`dex ~qc fèmnxdj- Gtmed~ ^`co|vcj bjn b ixedjn

`bn hddj cj bj dea`~/ocj~` |emaxeobad ej Bkkb ej 25


8/48

@d v|ckd ~c `tjnxdnv ci |dc|md ej ~`d v~tnec ci Oevv \èmme|v* (^`d djcxoctv xcco qbv

|bfkdn-( fcjiexodn Gtmed~*

^`d icmmcqeja ocxjeja- bv bmm ocxjejav ~c fcod- qbv v|dj~ qe~` bj djnmdvv imcq ci yeve~cxv*

Bocja ~`d fmdxauodj |xdvdj~ qbv Xdydxdjn G*^* Hephu- b Tje~bxebj oejev~dx q`c qbv qxe~eja

bj bx~efmd cj ~`d Hb`! Ibe~` icx ~`d Jcx~` Bodxefbj Xdyedq*

Xdy* Hephu ev ndvfxehdn bv vdmi/eo|cx~bj~ bjn ydxhcvd ~c ~`d dohbxxbvvodj~ ci dydxu/ cjd

|xdvdj~* B~ mbv~- !Bhnt!m/Hb` mdn èo ~c ~`d nccx bjn mbtaèja- ~cck b mbxad htjf` ci xdn xcvdv

bjn mben ~`do ej ~`d bxov ci ~`d vtx|xevdn yeve~cx- jcq `tohmu hcqeja- ~c dydxucjd!v oex~`*

Ntxeja ~`d bi~dxjccj ci ~èv B|xem 26- !Bhnt!m/Hb` bnnxdvvdn b mbxad bvvdohmdn axct| b~

~`d dmdabj~ `cod ci Ox* bjn Oxv* Bmdpbjndx bjn Obxgcxed Ocx~dj- fdmdhxb~dn |b~xcjv ci ~`d

bx~v* ^`d Obv~dx v|ckd ci (~`d Vdbvcj ci Fxdb~ecj bjn ~`d dycmt~ecj ci ~`d V|exe~tbm V|xeja~eod(

q`dj ~`d ~xbjvmb~cx dp|dxedjfdn b hmbjk ndbn vemdjfd!Bhnt!m/Hb`- mbtaèja- vt||medn ~`d

oevveja qcxn7 (Vtoodx"( B xe||md ci ndmea`~ qdj~ ~`xcta` ~`d vc|èv~efb~dn btnedjfd qèf` qbvfb|~txdn hu ~èv ocodj~ ci qbxo `tobje~u*

^@D F@TXF@ CI ^@D BVFDJVECJ BJN^@D FCJ^XCYDXVU @B^ ICMMCQDN

^`d yeve~ ci !Bhnt!m/Hb` cj Vtjnbu- B|xem 2>- ~c ~`d F`txf` ci ~`d Bvfdjvecj- Iei~` Bydjtd

bjn 2


9/48

veo|md- obgdv~ef neaje~u- @ev bxov ct~v~xd~f`dn*

@ev yehxb~eja- odmcnectv ycefd v~bx~dn7 (Ej èv vfxe|~txbm mdvvcj ~èv ocxjeja ~`d xdydxdn

Ncf~cx xdbn b ydxvd ixco ~`d D|ev~md ci V~* \btm ~c ~`d Fcxej~èbjv- !Icx jcq qd vdd ~`xcta` b

ambvv nbxkmu- ht~ ~`dj ibfd ~c ibfd*! ^`d mea`~ ci ~xt~` `bv `dxd~cicxd hddj vddj neomu ~`xcta`

ybxedab~dn ambvvdv- ht~ jcq ~`d v|mdjncxv ci neyeje~u v`bmm hd yevehmd ~`xcta` ~`d ~xbjvmtfdj~oexxcxv ci |txd `dbx~v bjn v|exe~v*( Bjn ~`d Obv~dx qdj~ cj ~c dp~cm ~`d oevvecj ci Gdvtv bjn

Hb`!t!mm`- dv~bhmevèja b neyejd feyemewb~ecj bjn qcxmn |dbfd*

Q`dj @d djndn @ev bnnxdvv- !Bhnt!m/Hb` qbv bvkdn hu Nx* Axbj~ ~c aeyd ~`d hdjdnef~ecj*

@ev ibfd t|mei~dn- @ev dudv fmcvdn- ~`d |bmov ci @ev `bjnv ej ciidxeja ~c Acn- !Bhnt!m/Hb`

f`bj~dn b |xbudx- ~`d fmdxauodj kjddmeja cj dbf` vend ci @eo*

(^cc axdb~ ~c |t~ ej~c qcxnv- e~ qbv bmocv~ ~cc axdb~ ~c hdbx( qxc~d Gtmed~ ej dpbm~b~ecj*

V`d qbv |xchbhmu df`ceja ~`d iddmejav ci ~`d Hb`! ixedjnv cj ~`b~ nbu* Bi~dx ~`d vdxyefd- ~`d

Obv~dx qdj~ ~c @ev fbx- qèmd ~`d jdea`hcx`ccn xdvctjndn qe~` fxedv ci (Bmm`!t!Bh`( ixco ~`dhdmedydxv* Ox* Axbj~!v oc~`dx- b ixedjn ci ~`d Hb`!v- xbj ~c ~`d Obv~dx- fxueja icx gcu b~ @ev

kjddv*

Ej ~`d bi~dxjccj- !Bhnt!m/Hb` v|ckd b~ ~`d Tjecj Odd~eja ci Bnybjfdn ^`cta`~ Fdj~dx b~

~`d Fbxjdaed Mufdto jcq Fbxjdaed @bmm*%

^`d icmmcqeja nbu qe~jdvvdn b fcj~xcydxvu- ~`d xdvtm~ ci ~`d Obv~dx `byeja hddj vdb~dn ej

~`d Hev`c|!v F`bex ej ~`d F`txf` ci ~`d Bvfdjvecj bjn bnnxdvveja ~`d fcjaxdab~ecj ixco ~`d

f`bjfdm7 Bj D|evfc|bmebj Fbjcj `bn hddj hxckdj" Jdqv|b|dxv ~cck vendv bjn qdxd jc~

rted~dn tj~em ~`d Hev`c| èovdmi qdj~ ~c ~`d Bjvcjeb ~c yeve~ !Bhnt!m/Hb` bjn ~`bjkdn @eo icx

`cjcxeja ~`d F`txf` qe~` @ev yeve~* ^`d Obv~dx xd|medn qe~` ~bmk ci (~`d ejgtxectvjdvv ci ncaobv

bjn eoe~b~ecjv*(

^c Nx* Axbj~- @d vdj~ ~`d odvvbad- (Vbu7 E qemm jc~ icxad~ ~`d vdxyefdv ~`ct `bv~ xdjndxdn

udv~dxnbu* ^`du bxd djaxbydn ej ~`d hcck ci Ou `dbx~^`ctvbjnv ci udbxv `djfd- ~`d odj~ecj

ci udv~dxnbu qemm hd `dbxn bjn e~ qemm hdfcod èv~cxu ~`b~ uct qdxd ~`d ictjndx ci ~èv qcxk* E qemm

jdydx icxad~ ~`d mcyd qèf` qbv objeidv~dn udv~dxnbu*(

E~ qbv cj ~`d vbod nbu- B|xem 24- bffcxneja ~c ~`d hecaxb|`dxv ci ~`d xdjcqjdn bjn

fdmdhxb~dn Mdhbjdvd |cd~ bjn |bej~dx- Kb`mem Aehxbj- ~`b~ b hdbt~eitm |djfem |cx~xbe~ ci !Bhnt!m/

Hb` qbv nxbqj hu Ox* Aehxbj* ^èv |cx~xbe~ qbv ncjd bv |bx~ ci b vdxedv ci nxbqejav ci qdmm/kjcqj |dxvcjbme~edv bjn bx~ev~v ocv~ xdv|df~dn hu Aehxbj- ejfmtneja Btatv~d Xcnej bjn Fmbtnd

Ndhtvvu- bocja c~`dxv* ^`d vdxedv b||dbxdn ej obgcx dpèhe~v ej Jdq Ucxk bjn \bxev- bjn qbv

bffmbeodn ~c hd ~`d hdv~ qcxk ci Aehxbj- q`c bfkjcqmdnadn nxbqeja ~c hd èv ibycxe~d odneto*

Ej (Gtmed~ Xdodohdxv Aehxbj-( ~`d Hb`! qxe~dx Obxwed` Abem- xdfbmmv b 25>6 fcjydxvb~ecj

qe~` Gtmed~ bhct~ Kb`mem Aehxbj- q`c meydn ej b v~tnec bfxcvv ~`d v~xdd~ ixco `dx `cod* ^`du qdxd

fmcvd ixedjnv- bjn Aehxbj mcydn !Bhnt!m/Hb`* @d qbv ejv|exdn ~c qxe~d (Gdvtv- ~`d Vcj ci Obj(

ixco èv xdfcmmdf~ecj ci ~`d Obv~dx* Aehxbj `bn bvkdn Gtmed~ ~c xdrtdv~ ~`d Obv~dx ~c ve~ icx èo*

@d qbv bffcxndn cjd `ctx b~ 976< ej ~`d ocxjeja* Aehxbj!v hecaxb|`dxv |mbfd ~èv dydj~ cj

B|xem 24- ~`d nbu ci ~`d vejkeja ci ~`d ê~bjef*' Qxe~dx Hbxhbxb Uctja- ej (^`d Obj ixco

Mdhbjcj-( odj~ecjv ~`b~ ~èv dydj~ ~cck |mbfd ej ~`d v~tnec ci ~`d bx~ev~* @cqdydx- e~ ev mekdmu ~`b~

b~ ~èv dbxmu `ctx e~ qbv ej ~`d Obv~dx!v vte~d b~ ~`d Bjvcjeb @c~dm* 0


10/48

Jdqv ci ~`d vejkeja ci ~`d mtptxu mejdx- ~`d ê~bjef- cj `dx obendj ycubad- qbv bjjctjfdn ej

~`d jdqv|b|dxv B|xem 29* Bi~dx |xbueja icx ~`d ndfdbvdn- ~`d ixedjnv ciidxdn ~`bjkv ~`b~ !Bhnt!m/

Hb` `bn jc~ ~xbydmdn cj ~`b~ vè|* ^èv nbu qbv iemmdn qe~` ~`d tvtbm imcq ci ocxjeja yeve~cxv- b

|thmef odd~eja ej ~`d bi~dxjccj b~ ~`d `cod ci Ox* bjn Oxv* Bx~`tx Ncnad- bjn ej ~`d dydjeja-

~`d Obv~dx bnnxdvvdn ixedjnv q`c `bn fcod ixco Jdq gdxvdu ~c yeve~ @eo b~ ~`d Bjvcjeb*

Fcoodj~eja ~c Ox* ObfJt~~ t|cj ~`d jdqv|b|dx bffctj~v ci ~`d vejkeja ci ~`d ê~bjef-

!Bhnt!m/Hb` xdimdf~dn cj ~`d ibf~ ~`b~ ob~dxebm bfèdydodj~v ci ~df`jcmcau bjn qdbm~` bxd ej

ybej tjmdvv obj htemnv b v|exe~tbm feyemewb~ecj ej èv cqj `dbx~* (E qev` uct ~c meyd ej ~`d qcxmn

ci ~`d V|exe~ hducjn ~`d amccou obvk ci ~èv ocx~bm dpev~djfd( Bi~dx b mcja |btvd- ~`d

Obv~dx vben7 (E qbv bvkdn ~c vbem t|cj ~`d ê~bjef- ht~ ou `dbx~ nen jc~ |xco|~ Od ~c nc vc*( ''

' (Kb`mem Aehxbj7 @ev Meid bjn Qcxmn(* K* Aehxbj `bn ocydn ixco Hcv~cj ~c Jdq Ucxk bv b

|xc~a ci bx~v |b~xcjv Obxgcxed bjn Bmdpbjndx Ocx~dj- endj~eiedn bv Hb`!v bjn bf~eyd

|bfeiev~v* B ncwdj xdidxdjfdv ndvfxehd ~`dex bf~eye~edv ej ~èv hcck- ocxd |bx~eftmbxmu cj ||* 816-601/0* ^`d |cx~xbe~ ci ~`d Obv~dx ev xd|xcntfdn cj |*800*

''V~bx ci ~`d Qdv~- Ycm*6- |*82


11/48

Qd `byd bj dpfdmmdj~ ndvfxe|~ecj ci !Bhnt!m/Hb` ej b idb~txd bx~efmd Oevv Fbxdq qxc~d ej

qèf` v`d nd|ef~dn @eo bv hdeja ci (vfbxfdmu odneto `dea`~- ht~ vc dp~xbcxnejbxu ej ~`d neaje~u

ci èv obgdv~ef fbxxebad ~`b~ `d vddodn ci ocxd ~`bj bydxbad `dea`~*( V`d b||dbxdn jc~ cjmu

~c~bmmu hdqemndxdn hu ~`d neydxve~u ci ~`d fxcqn ht~ bmvc eo|xdvvdn hu ~`d |dxvcjbme~u ci ~`d

Obv~dx bjn @ev qbxo xdv|cjvd ~c dbf` yeve~cx* !Bhnt!m/Hb` ejye~dn Oevv Fbxdq ~c bffco|bju@eo bjn b idq c~`dxv ~c @ev jdp~ djabadodj~ b~ ~`d Hcqdxu*

^`d tjtvtbm bjn ocyeja dydj~ b~ ~`d Hcqdxu Oevvecj qbv ~`d fcjiexob~ecj ci vdydxbm

qddkv ci Gtmed~!v ~dbfèja bjn ndnefb~ecj* V`d `bn v|ckdj bhct~ ~`d Ibe~` bjn ~`d meid ci

!Bhnt!m/Hb` ~c ~`d ndxdmef~v- bjn ej ~txj- ~`du ejye~dn ~`d Obv~dx ~c v|dbk ~c ~`do* !Bhnt!m/ Hb`

`bn |xdyectvmu aeydj .4


12/48

ydxu mbxad- ~`d fcmcxdn |dc|md |xdncoejb~eja* B~ ctx vdfcjn ab~`dxeja ~èv qbv xdydxvdn- ht~ b~

~`d ~èxn odd~eja- Qd qdxd tjbhmd ~c vbu qèf` fcmcx |xdncoejb~dn* ^`dvd odd~ejav qdxd b

axdb~ |xbf~efbm mdvvcj t|cj ~`d tje~u ci fcmcxv bjn xbfdv ej ~`d Hb`! ^dbfèjav*(

^@D OBV^DX XD^TXJV

Vb~txnbu- Obu 22- xd~txjeja ixco b ~xe| qèf` ejfmtndn- cj Obu 2v~- ~`d ciiefebm mbueja ci ~`d

fcxjdxv~cjd ci ~`d Hb`! @ctvd ci Qcxvè| ej Qemod~~d- Emmejcev- !Bhnt!m/Hb` ocydn ~c b ~c|

imccx b|bx~odj~ ej ~`d @tnvcj B|bx~odj~ @ctvd* ^c ~`cvd gcuctvmu ab~`dxdn bxctjn @eo- @d

vben7 (E~ ev cjmu ~`xdd qddkv ~`b~ qd `byd hddj bqbu ixco ~`d Jdq Ucxk ixedjnv- ud~ vc axdb~

`bv hddj ~`d mcjaeja ~c vdd uct ~`b~ e~ vddov ~`xdd ocj~`v*(

Cj Vtjnbu- ~`cta` v~emm ~exdn- !Bhnt!m/Hb` qdj~ ~c ~`d Tje~u F`txf` ej Ocj~fmbex- Jdq

Gdxvdu* ^`d oejev~dx- Nx* Dnabxn Qedxv- `bn ejye~dn ~`d Obv~dx bjn jcq ej~xcntfdn @eo qe~àxdb~ xdv|df~ bjn doc~ecj (bv Cjd ci ~`d Axdb~ \xc|`d~v- F`cvdj Cjdv ci Acn*(

!Bhnt!m/Hb` v|ckd cj ~`d Cjdjdvv ci Acn bjn Fxdb~ecj- bjn djndn f`bj~eja b |xbudx* B

ndd|mu ocydn btnedjfd icmmcqdn @eo ~c ~`d v~xdd~- bmm dudv hxeooeja qe~` ~dbxv ci gcu* Bi~dx bj

bi~dxjccj v`bxdn qe~` b axct| ci ixedjnv- ~`d Obv~dx xd~txjdn ~c Jdq Ucxk ~c bnnxdvv ~`d

Ej~dxjb~ecjbm \dbfd Icxto b~ ~`d Axbfd Od~`cnev~ F`txf`* ^èv qbv bjc~`dx ~xeto|` bv ~`d

mbxad b~~djnbjfd abyd b v~bjneja cyb~ecj b~ ~`d djn ci b obgcx ~bmk cj ~`d Hb`! ^dbfèjav

bjn èv~cxu- bjn ~`d dv~bhmevòdj~ ci ~`d Ocv~ Axdb~ \dbfd*

Cj Obu 26~`- !Bhnt!m/Hb` qbv ~c b||dbx bv ~`d atdv~ ci `cjcx b~ b odd~eja ci ~`d Jdq

Ucxk \dbfd Vcfed~u `dmn b~ ~`d @c~dm Bv~cx* ^`d Obv~dx qbv vefk ej hdn qe~` b èa`

~do|dxb~txd- Gtmed~ |mdbndn icx @eo ~c xdv~* (E qcxk hu ~`d fcjiexob~ecj ci ~`d @cmu V|exe~* E nc jc~

qcxk hu ùaedjef mbqv* Ei E nen- E qctmn ad~ jc~èja ncjd-( @d mbta`dn*

^`d |dbfd odd~eja qbv bj eo|xdvveyd ab~`dxeja ci ~qc ~`ctvbjn |dc|md* Cj ~`d nbev qbv b

axct| ci mdbneja |dxvcjbme~edv ci ~`d ~eod7 Xbhhe V~d|`dj Qevd- |xdvendj~; Ox* V`cx~ b ixedjn ci

|èmbj~`xc|ev~ Bjnxdq Fbxjdaed%; Oxv* B* A* V|djfdx ci ~`d D~èfbm Vcfed~u; Nx* \dxfu Axbj~;

\xcidvvcx Qemmebo Gbfkvcj ci Fcmtoheb Tjeydxve~u- bjn Ox* ^c|bkubj- \dxvebj Fcjvtm Adjdxbm*

^`du bmm obnd ej~xcntf~cxu xdobxkv* Ox* ^c|bkubj vben7 (Ctx atdv~ ci `cjcx `bv v~ccn bv b

\xc|`d~ ci djmea`~djodj~ bjn |dbfd icx ~`d \dxvebj Do|exd- bjn b qdmmqev`dx ci \dxveb obu

qdmm `cjcx @eoEj fmcveja- E bo `b||u ~c vbu ~`b~ !Bhnt!m/Hb` ev ~`d Amcxu ci \dxveb ~cnbu*(^èv qbv jc~ ~`d cjmu mbtnb~cxu xdobxk; ~`du bmm yedn ~c dp|xdvv ~`dex xdydxdj~ bnoexb~ecj-

xdfcajeweja ~`d v|exe~tbm mdbndxvè| ci ~èv (Axdb~ Ieatxd ixco ~`d Dbv~*(

^`cta` ~`d Obv~dx qbv yevehmu ~exdn bjn @ev ycefd qbv `cbxvd- @d ndmeydxdn b tjertd

v|ddf` cj ~`d ^dbfèjav ci Hb`!t!mm` icx ~`d bad bjn cj ~`d dv~bhmevòdj~ ci |dbfd* ^`d

xdv|cjvd ci ~`d btnedjfd qbv vtf` ~`b~ Obòtn qbv dfv~b~ef7 (Ydxemu- jc ndvexd xdobejdn

tjitmiemmdn ~c tv- ~`d vdxybj~v ci ~`d Fcydjbj~* Qd vbq qe~` ctx cqj dudv ~`d yef~cxu bjn

fcjiexob~ecj ci ~`d Kejanco ci Bh`*( Bi~dx ~`d odd~eja- ~`d btnedjfd |xdvvdn ~c fcod jdbx ~c

~`d Obv~dx- (@d v`cck `bjnv qe~`dydxucjd ci ~`cvd ~qc ~`ctvbjn |dc|md"( qxc~d Gtmed~*

Mb~dx- hbfk b~ ~`d @tnvcj B|bx~odj~v- b axct| ci Gb|bjdvd bjn Ejnebj |dc|md qdxd qbe~eja


13/48

icx @eo* ^`d Obv~dx qdmfcodn ~`do bjn v|ckd cj ~`d feyemewb~ecj ci Ejneb bjn ~`d neyejd

feyemewb~ecj*

^@D MBKD OC@CJK \DBFD FCJIDXDJFD

Gtmed~ ^`co|vcj `bn |xdyectvmu ej~xcntfdn ~`d Ibe~` ~c Ox* K`bj Hb`bntx Bmm`/Hbk`v`- ~`d

Acydxjcx ci Mb`cxd* Cj ~`d ocxjeja ci Obu 2>~`- ~èv adj~mdobj fbod ~c odd~ !Bhnt!m/ Hb`

q`c- qbxomu- qdmfcodn èo* ^`d Acydxjcx vdj~ b md~~dx ~c Gtmed~ v~b~eja7 (!Bhnt!m/Hb` ev ~`d

Neyejd Mea`~ ci ~cnbu*(

Cj ~`d vbod nbu- ~`d Obv~dx ~xbydmdn ~c Mbkd Oc`cjk- Jdq Ucxk- icx ~`xdd nbuv b~ ~`d

Jb~ecjbm Fcjidxdjfd cj \dbfd bjn Ej~dxjb~ecjbm Bxhe~xb~ecj*

Ej 2522- !Bhnt!m/Hb` `bn dpf`bjadn fcxxdv|cjndjfd qe~` Ox* Bmhdx~ Voemdu- Ictjndx bjn\xdvendj~ ci ~`d Fcjidxdjfd* Bv b xdvtm~- @d `bn hddj ejye~dn ~c hd ~`d idb~txdn v|dbkdx b~ ~`d

20~` Bjjtbm Fcjidxdjfd bjn ~`d Obv~dx `bn vf`dntmdn @ev yeve~ ~c ~`d Tje~dn V~b~dv ~c ejfmtnd

~èv eo|cx~bj~ dydj~*

^`dvd Fcjidxdjfdv qdxd b~~djndn hu |xcoejdj~ |dc|md ci Jdq Ucxk- Qbvèja~cj NF- bjn

c~`dx fe~edv bjn fctj~xedv* !Bhnt!m/Hb` v|ckd cj ~`d iexv~ nbu cj (^`d Cjdjdvv ci ~`d Xdbme~u ci

@tobjkejn*( Obju ej b~~djnbjfd qdxd eo|xdvvdn bjn fbod cj ~`d |mb~icxo ~c ~`bjk @eo-

vcod dohxbfeja @eo qe~` doc~ecj*

^`d Obv~dx bmvc abyd ~qc adjdxbm bnnxdvvdv cj ~`d ~dbfèjav ci ~`d Ibe~` bjn obju |xeyb~d

~bmkv* @ev obej bnnxdvv bjn fcoodj~bxedv qdxd idb~txdn ej ~`d Fcjidxdjfd xd|cx~ bjn ~qc ci

@ev v|ddf`dv qdxd |thmev`dn ej Jdq Ucxk jdqv|b|dxv*

Cj ~`d mbv~ dydjeja- !Bhnt!m/Hb` `bn dp|xdvvdn xdaxd~v ~`b~ @d v`ctmn `byd hxcta`~ b

\dxvebj xta bv b aei~ icx Ox* Voemdu* Nx* Web Hbanbne ~cck ~`d f`bmmdjad ci aceja ~c ~`d Jdq Ucxk

b|bx~odj~ ~c id~f` ~`d xta ntxeja ~`d jea`~- bjn ~c hd hbfk ej ~eod hdicxd ~`d |mbjjdn nd|bx~txd*

Bi~dx bj d|ef ~xe| hu ybxectv fbxv bjn ~xbejv- Nx* Hbanbne bxxeydn ej ~`d obemobj!v `cxvd qbacj

q`dj ~`d Obv~dx qbv mdbyeja- v`bkeja `bjnv qe~` Ox* Voemdu* Xdfdeyeja ~`d xta- ~èv adj~mdobj

dpfmbeodn ~`b~ ~èv xta qbv veoembx ~c cjd ndv~xcudn ej b iexd bjn èv qeid- v~emm `dbx~ hxckdj cydx

~`d mcvv- qemm hd ydxu `b||u*

Bm~`cta` !Bhnt!m/Hb` axdb~mu djgcudn ~`d hdbt~eitm vfdjdxu- bjn ~`d fcoicx~bhmd bjn rted~

vd~~eja ci Mbkd Oc`cjk- @d qbv ambn ~c fcod hbfk ~c Jdq Ucxk* @d mcydn ~`d Xeydxvend \bxk

bxdb* @d `bn vdmdf~dn b vdfmtndn v|c~ ~`dxd q`dxd @d mekdn ~c ac nbemu bjn qbmk hu @eovdmi cx

(vmdd| cj ~`d axbvv( b idq oejt~dv ~c xdv~* (Q`dj E bo bmcjd- dp`btv~ecj ev xdocydn bjn E bo

xdmbpdn-( @d vben* Vcod~eodv- @d bmmcqdn ~`d ixedjnv ~c ac qe~` @eo ~c ~èv (`bmmcqdn v|c~-(

(@ev Abxndj-( bv ~`d ixedjnv jbodn ~`d |mbfd bjn b xdftxxeja jbod ej Gtmed~!v bjn Obòtn!v

nebxedv*

BFÊYEÊDV FCJÊJTD TJBHB^DN


14/48

Cj Vtjnbu- Obu 25- !Bhnt!m/Hb` v|ckd b~ ~`d F`txf` ci ~`d Neyejd \b~dxje~u cj Fdj~xbm

\bxk Qdv~* ^`d f`txf`!v Huwbj~ejd bxfè~df~txd vddodn b jb~txbm ixbod icx ~`d Obv~dx q`c qbv

ci~dj xdidxxdn ~c bv (~`d \b~xebxf` ci ~`d Dbv~( hdfbtvd ci @ev Dbv~dxj xchdv bjn `dbnnxdvv*

^`d |dc|md b~~djneja qdxd ~ctf`dn hu ~`d hdbt~u ci ~`d vfdjd bv qdmm bv fb|~eyb~dn hu !Bhnt!m/

Hb`!v bnnxdvv cj |xcaxdvveyd xdydmb~ecj bjn ~`d ^dbfèjav ci Hb`!t!mm`* Oevv ^`co|vcjqbv bv~cjev`dn ~c vdd b obj v`d kjdq bv b v~btjf` b~`dev~ q`c mcckdn bv fb|~eyb~dn bv ~`d

xdv~ ci ~`d btnedjfd* ^èv |dxvcj qdj~ xdatmbxmu ~c yeve~ ~`d Obv~dx b~ @ev `cod bi~dxqbxn*

Ej ~`d bi~dxjccj- !Bhnt!m/Hb` qdj~ ~c Gdxvdu Fe~u ~c v|dbk b~ ~`d Hxc~`dx`ccn F`txf`

q`dxd Nx* @cqbxn Fcmhu Eydv qbv ~`d tjvbmbxedn \bv~cx* Xdydxdjn Eydv djndn èv ej~xcntf~ecj

qe~` ~`dvd qcxnv7 (Ou ixedjnv- ~`d Kejanco ci Acn ev b~ `bjn- bjn E fbmm t|cj uct ~c xdfcajewd

e~" E fbmm t|cj uct ~c v|xdbn ~`d jdqv cj dydxu vend"(

Cj Ocjnbu- b~ b Qcobj!v Vtiixbad odd~eja b~ ~`d Od~xc|cme~bj ^do|md- ~`d Obv~dx!v ~c|ef

qbv dntfb~ecj bjn ~`d xea`~v ci qcodj* @d hxcta`~ ej v~cxedv bhct~ vcod ci ~`d axdb~ qcodjej èv~cxu- ejfmtneja Obxu Obanbmdjd* B imcq ci doc~ecj v~exxdn vcod ci ~`d btnedjfd ~c ~dbxv*

^`d icmmcqeja nbu- ^tdvnbu- Obu 82- (~`d ibvècjbhmd qcxmn-( ejfmtneja bx~ev~v bjn qxe~dxv-

od~ !Bhnt!m/Hb` b~ b xdfd|~ecj aeydj ej @ev `cjcx hu Oxv*^b~to- b ndyc~dn Hb`! bjn b

vcfebme~d* Ej @ev bnnxdvv ~c ~`d mbxad axct|- @d v|ckd ci @ev udbxv ej |xevcj bjn ~`d fcj~xbv~ ci

hdeja ~`dxd ej ~èv ixedjnmu `cod- bvvcfeb~eja qe~` vtf` |dxvcjbme~edv* (^èjk ci e~* ^qc Kejav'

qdxd nd~`xcjdn ej cxndx ~`b~ E oea`~ hd ixddn* ^èv ev jbta`~ ht~ |txd ndv~eju- bjn jcq- uct

`dxd ej Bodxefb otv~ qcxk qe~` od icx ~`d |dbfd ci ~`d qcxmn bjn ~`d cjdjdvv ci objkejn*(

Nx* \dxfu Axbj~ qbv ej ~`d btnedjfd bjn ~`d icmmcqeja nbu vben ~c Ox* ObfJt~~7 (Bv E

mev~djdn- E xdbmewdn |xcictjnmu ~`b~ ~èv qbv bj èv~cxef ocodj~; ~`b~ hdicxd od vb~ Cjd Q`c-

eo|xevcjdn icx ~`d vbkd ci `tobjkejn- `bn hddj ixddn hu ~`d \cqdx ci Acn bmcjd ~`xcta` ~`d

nd~`xcjeja ci ~qc kejav*( Nx* Axbj~ ~`dj dp~djndn bj ejye~b~ecj icx ~`d Obv~dx ~c fcod hbfk ~c

~`d F`txf` ci ~`d Bvfdjvecj- ~c ~`d \dc|md!v Icxto cj Gtjd 8*

' Vtm~bj !Bhnt!m/@boen ci ^txkdu bjn V`b` Otvvbiibxen/Nej ci \dxveb*

!Bhnt!m/Hb` v|dj~ ictx nbuv ej Hcv~cj- ~`dj- xd~txjdn ~c Jdq Ucxk cj Obu 89* Bi~dx b hxedi

xdv~ b~ ~`d `cod ci ~`d Kejjduv- bm~`cta` v~emm ydxu ~exdn- @d |xcfddndn ~c Octj~ Ocxxev Hb|~ev~

F`txf` jcq Octj~ Ocxeb`% q`dxd @d qbv vf`dntmdn ~c bnnxdvv ~`d fcjaxdab~ecj* Gtmed~

^`co|vcj qxc~d7 (^èv f`txf` vtaadv~v bj cmn vujbacatd bjn ~`d Obv~dx mcckdn F`xev~/mekd ~c~`d ixedjnv*( ^èv v|exe~tbm iddmeja ev ndvfxehdn hu Obòtn7 (!Bhnt!m/Hb` qbv v~bjneja tjndx

~`d bxf` ci ~`d f`txf` bjn xdfmejeja dp`btv~dn babejv~ ~`d |emmbx ^`b~ jea`~ bmm vbq qe~` ~`dex

ct~qbxn dudv ~`d diidf~ ci ~`d @cmu A`cv~* Md~ jc cjd ~èjk ~`b~ e~ ev cjmu qcxn |bej~eja* Udv- ~`d

~cjatdv bjn iddmejav ci bmm |xdvdj~ hdbx b ~dv~eocju ~c e~* E qxe~d ~èv hdfbtvd e~ ev ou nt~u ~c

xdfcxn e~ bmm ~`d jcj/Hb`!v mcckdn t|cj ~`d Hdbt~u ci ~`d Fcydjbj~ bv b \xc|`d~*(

Bv ~`d mbjnmcxn b~ ~`d @tnvcj B|bx~odj~v fco|mbejdn bhct~ ~`d dpfdvveyd jtohdx ci

yeve~cxv bjn ~`b~ èv v~bii fctmn jc~ fc|d qe~` ~`d dp~xb mbhcx bjn |xchmdov- ~`d Obv~dx ndfendn

~c xdj~ b `ctvd* Ej ~`d odbj~eod- @d v~budn icx b idq nbuv b~ ~`d Kejjdu!v `cod- ~`dj ocydn b~

~`d djn ci Obu ~c b `ctvd cqjdn hu Ox* F`bo|jdu- 6


15/48

cxabjewb~ecjv bjn c~`dx axct|v* Ej ~`d dydjeja ci Obu 80- @d qbv ~`d obej v|dbkdx b~ b |dbfd

icxto `dmn b~ ~`d Od~xc|cme~bj ^do|md* ^èv qbv b obgcx xdfd|~ecj b~~djndn hu mdbneja

|dxvcjbme~edv bjn ocxd ~`bj b ~`ctvbjn |dc|md* ^`d Obv~dx qbv ej~xcntfdn bv (~`d

xd|xdvdj~b~eyd ci ~`d Ej~dxjb~ecjbm \dbfd Ocydodj~|xcoc~eja ~`d tje~u ci bmm jb~ecjv bv ~`d

jddn ci ~èv bad( Bt~`cx Ixdndxefk Mujf` obnd ~`d qdmfcoeja bnnxdvv* @d vben ~c `byd

icmmcqdn ~`d Obv~dx ~c vdydxbm |mbfdv- bjn dp|xdvvdn èv iddmejav qe~` doc~ecj7 (Ej Oc`cjk-!Bhnt!m/Hb` abyd ~`d ocv~ xdobxkbhmd bnnxdvv- dp|xdvveja ~`d èa`dv~ |xejfe|mdv ci @ev

~dbfèjav @cq E qdmfcod ~èv axdb~ obj q`cvd |xdvdjfd `bv ejv| exdn bjn b~~xbf~dn ~`d

oejnv ci Bodxefbjv* @d xdfdeydv ejv|exb~ecj ixco ~`d hxdb~`v ci ~`d @cmu V|exe~* @ev v|exe~ ev

ejieje~d- tjmeoe~dn bjn d~dxjbm* E bo `b||u ~c hd aeydj ~`d c||cx~tje~u ~c dp|xdvv |thmefmu ou

ejjdxocv~ ~dv~eocju*(

^`d Obv~dx v|ckd cj ~`d Cjdjdvv ci Acn bjn tje~u ci @ev \xc|`d~v bv ~`d vctxfd ci ~`d

cjdjdvv ci objkejn bjn |dbfd* Xbhhe Vemydxobj- |xdyectvmu `cv~emd ~c ~`d Ibe~`- qbv yevehmu

ocydn bjn xdv|cjndn ~c !Bhnt!m/Hb`!v qcxnv qe~` èa` |xbevd7 (Qd `byd vddj ~cnbu ~`d mea`~

qe~` ctx cqj dudv ^`d v|exe~tbm mea`~v `byd bmqbuv v`cjd ixco ~`d Dbv~ t|cj ~`d Qdv~* ^`dqcxmn ev ej jddn ci ~`dvd mea`~v^`d ictj~bej`dbn ci ~`dvd mea`~v `bv ~cnbu v|ckdj hdicxd tv

@ev mcyd bjn ~dbfèjav `byd fb|~eyb~dn ~`d `dbx~v ci ~`d Bodxefbjv*( (^èv f`bjad ci oejn ev

~`d axdb~dv~ |xcci ci ~`d obgdv~u bjn ~`d |cqdx ci ~`d Fcydjbj~ ci Acn-( fcoodj~dn Obòtn*

^qc dydjejav mb~dx- !Bhnt!m/Hb` bnnxdvvdn bj btnedjfd b~ ~`d ^`dcvc|èfbm Mcnad cj ~`d

dycmt~ecj ci ~`d v|exe~ ~`xcta` ~`d xdbmov ci fxdb~ecj* Bmvc @d v|ckd b~ Jdq Ucxk Tjeydxve~u cj

vfedjfd bjn neyejd |èmcvc|ù*

Cj Ixenbu- Obu 62- ~`d Obv~dx qbv qdmfcodn hu ixedjnv ej Ibjqccn- Jdq Gdxvdu- q`dxd

@d abyd ~bmkv b~ ~qc |mbfdv bjn b~ ~`d ^cqj @bmm* @d xd~txjdn ~c Jdq Ucxk ~`d icmmcqeja nbu

bjn od~ qe~` ~`d mbxad jtohdx ci |dc|md- hc~` ixedjnv bjn vddkdxv q`c qdxd- bv tvtbm- qbe~eja

icx @eo*

BJC^@DX TJERTD DYDJ^ B^ ^@D F@TXF@ CI ^@D BVFDJVECJ

Cj ~`d dydjeja ci Vtjnbu- Gtjd 8- bv |xdyectvmu ejye~dn hu Nx* Axbj~- !Bhnt!m/Hb` qbv ~`d

atdv~ v|dbkdx b~ b \dc|md!v Icxto b~ ~`d F`txf` ci ~`d Bvfdjvecj* ^`dvd odd~ejav qdxd mdvv

icxobm bjn ~`d |bx~efe|bj~v qdxd ejye~dn ~c bvk rtdv~ecjv*

^`d Obv~dx abyd b |cqdxitm ~bmk cj ~`d xdrtdv~dn ~c|ef7 (Q`b~ fbj ~`d Cxedj~ hxeja ~c ~`d

Cffendj~3( Gtmed~ xdfbmmdn ~`b~ ~`d |xdyectv udbx- Nx* Axbj~ `bn |xdbf`dn cj ~`d vbod ~c|ef ej

jdab~eyd ~dxov ~cqbxn ~`d Ibe~`* Jcq hdbt~eitm qcxnv qdxd |xbeveja F`xev~ bjn ~`d Mbq ci Acn-

xd|xdvdj~dn hu ~`d iexojdvv ci \d~dx bjn ~`d F`txf` bv b fcmmdf~eyd fdj~dx icx `tobje~u* Ej ctx

~eod- ~èv vbod fcmmdf~eyd fdj~dx- e~ qbv |cej~dn ct~- ev ~`d xdydmb~ecj ci Hb`!t!mm` bjn b

feyemewb~ecj ci |dbfd*

Nx* Axbj~- yevehmu v`bkdj- |xbevdn ~`d Obv~dx bjn iedmndn rtdv~ecjv ixco ~`d mbxad btnedjfd

qèmd !Bhnt!m/Hb` xdv|cjndn qbxomu* Vdb~dn b~ ~`d fdj~dx ci ~`d f`bjfdm- @d djgcudn ~`d

dpf`bjad* B~ dbvd- (@d |tv`dn hbfk @ev ~txhbj bjn voemdn bv @d bjvqdxdn- ci~dj ydxu qe~~emu*(

Obòtn obxydmdn b~ qe~jdvveja ~`d xdv|df~itm btnedjfd- ~`d vea`~ ci qèf` (jc qxe~~dj


16/48


17/48

Cj Gtjd 22- bi~dx ocxjeja |xbudxv bjn ~db- !Bhnt!m/Hb` v|ckd ~c ~`d bvvdohmdn ixedjnv

bhct~ ~`d xcmd ci ~`d it~txd @ctvd ci Gtv~efd qèf` qemm djvtxd ~`d fcj~ejte~u ci ~`d Ibe~`* Mb~dx

~`b~ nbu- @d abyd ~qc ~bmkv b~ @ev `cod bjn xdfdeydn ~`d tvtbm v~xdbo ci yeve~cxv* Gtmed~ jc~efdn

`cq ~exdn @d mcckdn- v~emm ~bmkeja ~c bmm7 (E~ qbv |txd vbfxeiefd"(

^`b~ ydxu jea`~ b~ ~`d `cod ci ~`d Kejjduv- ~`dxd qbv b Hcbxn ci Fctjfem' odd~eja* ^`d

Obv~dx fbod bjn (v~xeneja t| bjn ncqj mekd b keja- @d dp|mbejdn ~`d odbjeja ci Hb`!

Bvvdohmedv ~c ~`d ixedjnv- ejv|exeja ~`do ~c hdfcod !~dmdaxb|èf v~b~ecjvcjd ci ~`d qexdv

b~~bf`dn ~c ~`d vctmv- ~`d c~`dx iepdn ej ~`d Vt|xdod Fcjfctxvd*! (

Ntxeja ~`d jdp~ ~qc nbuv- Gtjd 28 bjn 26- Gtmed~ qdj~ dbxmu ej ~`d ocxjeja ~c ~`d hdmcydn

`ctvd ~c qcxk cj `dx |bej~eja* ^`d imcq ci yeve~cxv obnd e~ b hdqemndxeja dp|dxedjfd7 (Vc

qcjndxitmvc `tobjmu neiieftm~ixco xcco ~c xcco- cjd kejn ci mea`~ ~c bjc~`dx*( V`d `bn cjd

ve~~eja cj ~`d 26~`- bjn bf~tbmmu ~èv qbv ~`d ~èxn `bmi/`ctx |xcoevdn hu ~`d Obv~dx* Dbf` ~eod

~`d (oexbftmctv ~èja( `b||djdn bjn v`d qcxkdn (ej xb|~txd*( ^`d |bej~eja qbv |xbf~efbmmuiejev`dn- bi~dxqbxn q`djdydx v`d ~xedn ~c ac hbfk icx ocxd nd~bem vcod~èja bmqbuv vddodn ~c

ej~dxidxd*

'^`dvd (Hcbxnv ci Fctjfem( qdxd |xdftxvcxv ci ~cnbu!v Mcfbm V|exe~tbm Bvvdohmedv*

Cj ~`d 2>~`- Gtmed~ bxxeydn dbxmu `c|eja ~c qcxk- ht~ !Bhnt!m/Hb` `bn mdi~ bmxdbnu* V`d

v~budn qe~` cjd ci ~`d \dxvebj ixedjnv q`c xdfbmmdn odocxedv ci èv ib~`dx* Ybmeu!mm` K`j qbv

~`d vcj ci Ybxrb K`j- b Hb`! Obx~ux bjn xdjcqjdn |cd~- ydxu ndbx ~c Hb`!t!mm`* Ybxrb

K`j `bn ~cmn èv vcj ~`b~ Hb`!t!mm` `bn dp|mbejdn ~c èo ~`d V~b~ecj ci ~`d Obv~dx bv (^`d

Ouv~dxu ci Acn-( b V~b~ecj bm~`cta` jc~ ci b (Objeidv~b~ecj ci Acn( b Neyejd \xc|`d~%- qbv ci

~`d vbod v|exe~tbm jb~txd bjn |cqdx icx b fdx~bej |tx|cvd ej ~`d \mbj ci Acn*

Ybxrb qxc~d |cdov ~c ~`d Amcxu ci ~`d Obv~dx- Q`c qctmn vfcmn èo icx e~* Ybxrb fctmn jc~

kdd| rted~ bjn qxc~d7

(C Nbqjeja/\cej~ ci ~`d Hdbt~u ci Acn-

E kjcq ^`dd"

^`cta` ^`ct v`xctndv~ ^ùvdmi ej b ~`ctvbjn ydemv-

E kjcq ^`dd"( '

' G* ^`co|vcj!v Nebxu- ||* 6


18/48

Cj Gtjd 29- !Bhnt!m/Hb` qbv ejye~dn ~c v|dbk b~ ~`d Ictx~` Tje~bxebj F`txf`- ej Hxcckmuj-

bjn ~`d \bv~cx `bn |cv~dn cj ~`d f`txf`!v ct~nccx veajhcbxn7

(^`d Axdb~ \dxvebj \xc|`d~- @ev @cmejdvv !Bhnt!m/Hb`- qemm v|dbk ej ~èv f`txf` b~ 22bo cj ~`d

29~` ci Gtjd*(

^`d \dxvebj ixedjnv qdxd bobwdn ~`b~ b F`xev~ebj f`txf` qctmn xdfcajewd ~`d Obv~dx bv b(\xc|`d~*( ^`d \bv~cx fbod ~c axdd~ !Bhnt!m/Hb` b~ ~`d nccx bjn mdn @eo ~c ~`d |tm|e~ q`dxd

@d v|ckd*

B~ ~`d djn ci ~`d vdxyefd- ~`d fcjaxdab~ecj |xdvvdn bxctjn @eo* ^`d Oejev~dx bvkdn ~`d

Obv~dx ~c v|dbk ~c ~`d fèmnxdj ci Vtjnbu Vf`ccm* ^`du imcfkdn ~c @eo ej dbxjdv~- bjn @d

fbmmdn ~`do (hdbt~eitm fèmnxdj ci ~`d Kejanco*( ^`d |xbudx @d xdydbmdn icx ~`do xdobejv b

ibycxe~d ~c ~èv nbu7 (C Acn ^`dvd fèmnxdj bxd ~`d |mbj~v ci ^èjd cxf`bxn- ~`d imcqdxv ci ^ù

odbncq- ~`d xcvdv ci ^ù abxndj(

Mtjf` qbv vdxydn b~ Ox* bjn Oxv* @cqbxn ObfJt~~!v `cod* ^`b~ dydjeja- b~ b odd~eja b~~`d Fdj~xbm Fcjaxdab~ecjbm F`txf` cj @bjfcfk V~xdd~ ej Hxcckmuj- !Bhnt!m/Hb` abyd cjd ci

@ev obgcx bnnxdvvdv- v|dbkeja qe~` ~`d |cqdx ci obgdv~u cj |xcaxdvveyd xdydmb~ecj- qe~`

do|`bvev cj Ot`boobn- bjn ~`d v~b~ecj ci Hb`!t!mm` bjn @ev |xcfmbob~ecj ~c ~`d kejav bjn

xtmdxv ci @ev ~eod* ^`d \bv~cx qbv vc ~xbjv|cx~dn ~`b~ `d |mdbndn qe~` !Bhnt!m/Hb` icx bjc~`dx

yeve~*

^`d jdp~ nbu- ~`d jdqv|b|dx- ^`d Hxcckmuj Dbamd- |thmev`dn ~`d fco|md~d ~xbjvfxe|~ ci

!Bhnt!m/Hb`!v bnnxdvv qe~` b ndvfxe|~ecj ci ~`d ab~`dxeja*

^`d icmmcqeja ocxjeja- v|dbkeja ci @ev nbu ej Hxcckmuj- ~`d Obv~dx vben7 (E dv~bhmev`dn ~`d

^xt~` ci Evmbo ej ~`d axdb~ f`txf`dv ej ~èv nbu* Q`b~ `byd ~`d Ocvmdov jcq ~c vbu ~c tv3(

Mb~dx- @d djfctxbadn ~`d ixedjnv ~c yeve~ ~`d vefk- bjn ~c ~xbydm ~c ~dbf` ~`d Ibe~` ej icxdeaj

fctj~xedv*

^@D IEMOEJA CI !BHNT!M/HB@

Ntxeja @ev v~bu b~ ~`d Bjvcjeb- b fcoodxfebm ocyed fco|bju `bn xdrtdv~dn ~c obkd b

v`cx~ iemo ci !Bhnt!m/Hb` icx e~v jdqvxddmv* ^`d Obv~dx xd|medn b~ cjfd- (K`beme K`th( Ydxu

accn%* Vcod ci ~`d ixedjnv qdxd t|vd~ bjn dp|mbejdn ~c @eo ~`b~ ~èv iemo qctmn hd vfb~~dxdnbxctjn ~`d fctj~xu bjn tvdn ej ocyed `ctvdv* @d xd|medn7 (Hdvubx K`th( Ocv~ accn"%

Fcjvdrtdj~mu- cjd nbu- @d b||dbxdn b~ ~`d dj~xbjfd ci ~`d Bjvcjeb icx ~`d obkeja ci b

v`cx~ iemo* (E~ qbv b qcjndxitmmu eo|xdvveyd vea`~- icx bv @d b||xcbf`dn ~`d fbodxb- `d qbv

dp`cx~eja Hb`!t!mm` ~c hmdvv ~èv odbjv icx ~`d v|xdbneja ci ~`d @dbydjmu Fbtvd ~`xcta`ct~

~`d qcxmn*(

^`d ixedjnv bxxbjadn icx b mcjadx iemo ~c hd obnd b~ ~`d `cod ci Ox* bjn Oxv* ObfJt~~ cj

Gtjd 20- bjn ~`du bmvc obnd b xdfcxneja ci !Bhnt!m/Hb`!v ycefd f`bj~eja (Ambn ~enejav" Ambn

ênejav"(


19/48

(Xdgcefd" Xdgcefd" ^`d Vtj ci xdbme~u `bv nbqjdn"

Xdgcefd" Xdgcefd" ^`d Jdq Gdxtvbmdo `bv ndvfdjndn ixco @dbydj"

Xdgcefd" Xdgcefd" ^`d Amcxu ci Fbxodm `bv v`cjd cj ~`d qcxmnv"(

Bm~`cta` tjvkemmdn `bjnmeja ci ~`d fbodxb `bn !Bhnt!m/Hb` aceja ct~ ci ixbod bjn hbfk

babej- ~èv ev b |xdfectv mdabfu- ~`d xdfcxn ci ~`d Hdmcydn Obv~dx ej bf~ecj* ^`d iemo bjn

xdfcxneja `byd hddj nt|mefb~dn bjn vdj~ ct~ ~c bmm fctj~xedv q`dxd Hb`!v xdvendn b~ ~`d ~eod*

Vdydj~u udbxv mb~dx- ~`d iemo `bv hddj ejfcx|cxb~dn ej~c (^`d Rted~ Xdycmt~ecj-( b 40

oejt~dv obgcx iemo cj ~`d Hb`! Ibe~`- b 2504 HHF |xcntf~ecj xdmdbvdn cj Djamev` jb~ecjbm

~dmdyevecj bjn ej Jdq Ucxk Fe~u ej Gbjtbxu 2509*

B~ ~`d djn ci ~èv odocxbhmd nbu- !Bhnt!m/Hb` ~xbydmdn >< oemdv ~c yeve~ b Gdqev` ixedjn q`c

qbv vefk- xd~txjeja `cod b~ jea`~ t~~dxmu dp`btv~dn*

^@D FDJ^DX CI ^@D FCYDJBJ^ JBODV^@D FEÛ CI ^@D FCYDJBJ^

Gtjd 25~` qbv bj èv~cxef nbu icx ~`d Hb`!v ci Jdq Ucxk * Cj ~`b~ nbu- !Bhnt!m/Hb`

jbodn ~`dex fe~u ~`d (Fe~u ci ~`d Fcydjbj~*( Bmvc- @d v|ckd ci ~`d ^bhmd~ ci ~`d Hxbjf`'

xdydbmdn hu Hb`!t!mm` ej Bjnxebjc|md- bjn |xcfmbeodn @ev cqj v~b~ecj bv ~`d (Fdj~dx ci ~`d

Fcydjbj~*(

Q`b~ b èa`mu nxbob~ef- bmocv~ ~dxxeiueja ocodj~ ej èv~cxu" ^`d Vcj ci Hb`!t!mm`- ~`d

\xc|`d~ ci Acn icx ctx ~eod- vtnndjmu mei~eja ~`d ydem ci @ev `tobje~u- b||dbxeja ej ~`d Amcxu ci

~`d \cqdx ci ~`d Fcydjbj~- ~`d \cqdx ci Fxdb~ecj" E~ `b||djdn qe~` ~`d vqei~jdvv bjn hmejneja

djdxau ci b hcm~ ci mea`~jeja- ~xbjv|cx~eja e~v ~qc qe~jdvvdv- Gtmed~ ^`co|vcj bjn Mtb

Ad~vejadx-'' ej~c b v|exe~tbm qèxmeja ci dpbm~b~ecj bjn ixea`~* Gtmed~ `bn hddj fbmmdn ~c qcxk cj @ev

|cx~xbe~ cj ~`b~ nbu* V`d ndvfxehdv b vdjvd ci (|dftmebx |cqdx ej ~`d Obv~dx!v v~d|v qèmd

fcoeja ncqj ixco @ev xcco b idbxitm obgdv~u v~xbjad imbvèja ci ~`d dudv( dyckeja bj

Cmn ^dv~bodj~ Ieatxd* Mb~dx bv @d qbv ve~~eja icx @ev |cx~xbe~- Gtmed~ xdfbmmdn ~`d icmmcqeja

dydj~v7

(E `bn gtv~ hdatj ~c qcxk- Mtb ej ~`d xcco ve~~eja cj b fctf` jdbxhu- q`dj ~`d Obv~dx voemdn b~

od- ~`dj ~txjeja ~c Mtb vben ej \dxvebj7 (^èv obkdv od vmdd|u* Q`b~ v`bmm E nc3(

(^dmm ~`d Obv~dx- Mtb- ~`b~ ei @d qctmn mekd ~c ~bkd b jb|- E fbj qcxk qèmd @d vmdd|v*(

Ht~ E ictjn ~`b~ E fctmn jc~* Q`b~ E vbq ~`dj qbv ~cc vbfxdn- ~cc icxoenbhmd* @d vb~ v~emm bv bv~b~td- @ev dudv fmcvdn- ejieje~d |dbfd cj ~`b~ fèvdmdn ibfd- b Acn/mekd fbmo bjn axbjndtx ej

@ev dxdf~ `dbn*

Vtnndjmu- qe~` b axdb~ imbv` mekd mea`~jeja @d c|djdn @ev dudv- bjn ~`d xcco vddodn ~c xcfk

mekd b vè| ej b v~cxo qe~` ~`d |cqdx xdmdbvdn* ^`d Obv~dx qbv hmbweja" (^`d ydemv ci amcxu-( (~`d

~`ctvbjn ydemv( `bn v`xeydmdn bqbu ej ~`d Imbod bjn qd qdxd dp|cvdn ~c ~`d Amcxu E~vdmi"

Mtb bjn E vb~ v`bkeja bjn vchheja* ^`dj @d v|ckd ~c Mtb* E fbta`~ ~`d qcxnv- (Otjnu/e !B`n(

@dxbmn ci ~`d Fcydjbj~%*

Mtb v~bx~dn icxqbxn- `dx `bjn ~c `dx hxdbv~* (Obj3( E3%- v`d dpfmbeodn* (Fbmm cjd ci ~`d

\dxvebjv* Uct otv~ tjndxv~bjn ~èv*(

Jdydx v`bmm E icxad~ ~`b~ ocodj~- ~`d imbvèja dudv ci !Bhnt!m/Hb`- ~`d xdydxhdxb~ecjv ci @ev

Ycefd- ~`d \cqdx ~`b~ v~emm xcfkdn ~`d xcco* Acn ci mea`~jeja bjn ~`tjndx" E ~`cta`~*


20/48

(E b||cej~ uct- Mtb- ~`d @dxbmn ci ~`d Fcydjbj~* Bjn E BO ^@D FCYDJBJ^- b||cej~dn hu

Hb`!t!mm`* Bjn jc cjd fbj xdit~d @ev Qcxn* ^èv ev ~`d ^dv~bodj~ ci Hb`!t!mm`* Uct qemm iejn

e~ ej ~`d @cmu Hcck ci Brnbv* Ac icx~` bjn |xcfmbeo7(

(^èv ev ^@D FCYDJBJ^ CI ACN ej uctx oenv~*(

'Ej ~`d Hb`! Qxe~ejav- Hb`!t!mm` xdidxxdn ~c @eovdmi bv b ^xdd- ^`d ^xdd ci Meid%- @ev fèmnxdj

bv (Hxbjf`dv( bjn (Mdbydv(* !Bhnt!m/Hb` ev dj~e~mdn (^`d Axdb~dv~ Hxbjf`*(''Mtb Ad~vejadx qbv cjd ci ~`d iexv~ Hb`! |emaxeov ~c Bkkb ej 2050* !Bhnt!m/Hb` `bn f`cvdj

`dx icx `dx |bvvecjb~d bjn exxdvev~ehmd jb~txd ~c hd b (Hbjjdx( bjn ejv|exdn `dx ~c ~dbf` (nbu

bjn jea`~*( ^`cta` vefk- tj~em `dx ndb~` ej Fbexc 20 udbxv mb~dx b~ ~`d bad ci >4- v`d jdydx

v|bxdn `dxvdmi bjn qbv aeydj ~`d ~e~md ci (Oc~`dx/~dbf`dx ci ~`d Bodxefbj Hb`! Fcootje~u( hu

V`caè Diidjne- hdvendv ~`d ~e~md ci (@dxbmn ci ~`d Fcydjbj~( aeydj hu ~`d Obv~dx*

Hb`! Jdqv B|xem 2519*

B axdb~ gcu `bn mei~dn Mtb t|* @dx dudv qdxd itmm ci mea`~* V`d mcckdn mekd b qejadn bjadm*

(C`- xdfxdb~d od-( v`d fxedn- (~`b~ E obu nc ~èv qcxk icx ^`dd"( Hu jcq E qbv vchheja

tjfcj~xcmmbhmu*

(Ncj!~ fxu- Gtmed~-( @d vben* (^èv ev jc ~eod icx ~dbxv* ^`xcta` ~dbxv uct fbjjc~ vdd ~c|bej~*(

E ~xedn `bxn ~c `cmn hbfk ou ~dbxv bjn ~c qcxk- ht~ |bej~eja ~`b~ nbu qbv b~ bj djn icx

od*

^`d Obv~dx voemdn mcyejamu* (Gtmed~ ev cjd ci ou ibycxe~dv hdfbtvd v`d v|dbkv ~`d ~xt~`*

Vdd `cq E mcyd ~`d ~xt~`- Gtmed~* Uct v|ckd cjd qcxn ci ~xt~` ~c od bjn vdd `cq E `byd

|xbevdn e~"(

E mcckdn t| ~c voemd ej bjvqdx bjn ej axb~e~tnd- ~`dj E qbv cydxq`dmodn babej hu ~`b~

bqitm fcjytmveyd vchheja* B~ ~èv ~`d Obv~dx hdabj ~c mbta` bjn- bv @d mbta`dn bjn

mbta`dn- ~`d v~xbjadv~ ~èja `b||djdn* E~ qbv bv ei b~ dbf` ct~htxv~ @d qxb||dn èovdmi

ej ocxd ydemv- vc ~`b~ jcq @d mcckdn fco|md~dmu `tobj- qe~`ct~ b ~xbfd mdi~ ci @ev

vt|dx`tobj obgdv~u* Jdydx `bn E vddj @eo mekd ~èv hdicxd bjn E jdydx nen bi~dxqbxn*(

B~ cjd ~eod- !Bhnt!m/Hb` `bn dp|mbejdn ~`b~ (mbta`~dx ev v|exe~tbm xdmbpb~ecj*( Jcq ~`d Obv~dx

ydxu ~djndxmu djndbycxdn ~c obkd Mtb bjn Gtmed~ mbta`*%

(\dx`b|v @d `bn gtv~ ictjn e~ jdfdvvbxu- bi~dx ~`b~ oea`~u Ndfmbxb~ecj- ~c hxeja tv ncqj ~c dbx~`

babej* @d `bn xdydbmdn ~c tv (^`d B|dp ci Eoocx~bme~u*( @d `bn mei~dn tv ~c b `dea`~ ixco qèf`

qd fctmn vdd e~* Jcq @d- ctx mcyeja V`d|`dxn- `bn fbxxedn tv ej @ev cqj bxov hbfk ~c ctx me~~md

ybmmdu bjn |t~ tv q`dxd qd hdmcjadn*(

Ej ~`d bi~dxjccj ci ~`b~ nbu- @d vdj~ Mtb ncqj ~c ~`d qbe~eja |dc|md ~c (|xcfmbeo ~`d

Fcydjbj~-( ~`dj b me~~md mb~dx- @d icmmcqdn `dx bjn v|ckd cj ~`d V~b~ecj ci ~`d Fdj~dx ci ~`d

Fcydjbj~- (ht~ jc~ bv @d `bn ncjd ~c Mtb bjn od*(

Ej fcjiexob~ecj ci @ev dp|mbjb~ecjv- ~`d Obv~dx `bn ~`d ^bhmd~ ci ~`d Hxbjf` xdbn ~c ~`d

ixedjnv vc ~`du fctmn `dbx ~`dvd oea`~u qcxnv ci Hb`!t!mm`7

(Q`cvcdydx ~txjv ~c @eo `b~` vtxdmu ~txjdn ~c Acn bjn q`cvcdydx ~txjd~` bqbu ixco @eo `b~`

~txjdn bqbu ixco ou Hdbt~u- ndjedn Ou \xcci bjn ev ci ~`cvd q`c ~xbjvaxdvv*(

Cj ~`b~ vbod nbu b fc|u ci ~`d hcck- (^`d Hxemmebj~ \xcci-( qxe~~dj hu Oxw !Bht!m Ibnm qbv

xdfdeydn* E~ qbv ej bjvqdx ~c Xdydxdjn \* Dbv~cj!v yextmdj~ fxe~efevo ci ~`d Ibe~` ej Mcjncj bjn

èv md~~dx ~c Bodxefb- qbxjeja |dc|md ci !Bhnt!m/Hb`!v nbjadxctv ejimtdjfd* ^`d Obv~dx qbv

ydxu |mdbvdn qe~` ~`d hcck bjn cxndxdn e~v ~xbjvmb~ecj ~c hd |thmev`dn ej ~èv fctj~xu*

^èv Oea`~u Nbu djndn mekd bj cxnejbxu nbu- qe~` ocxd yeve~cxv xdrtdv~eja bj ej~dxyedq*


21/48

^@D TJE^U IDBV^- GTJD 85

Cj Gtjd 8


22/48


23/48

~`do bhct~ Axddk |èmcvc|ù bjn èv~cxu* ^`du qdxd vc fb|~eyb~dn ~`b~ ~`du fbod hbfk ej ~`d

dydjeja ~c gcej ~`d Hb`! ixedjnv bjn hdfbod ixdrtdj~ yeve~cxv bi~dxqbxn* Cjd ci ~`d Axddk

vddkdxv ejye~dn !Bhnt!m/Hb` ~c odd~ ocxd ci èv ixedjnv ej b |bxk ct~vend Obj`b~~bj* ^`du qdj~

hu vthqbu bjn ~`d Obv~dx odj~ecjdn ~`b~ @d |xdidxxdn ~xbydmeja hu vtxibfd xbemqbu*

' Ixco @*O* Hbmutwe- !Bhnt!m/Hb`- |*889*

Gtmed~ xdmb~dv ~`b~ cj Gtmu 0~`- !Bhnt!m/Hb` dp|xdvvdn ~`d ndvexd ~c yeve~ ~`d Bodxefbj Otvdto

ci Jb~txbm @ev~cxu* ^`d Obv~dx mbta`dn b~ ~`d vewd ci b `tad q`bmd- vbueja ~`b~ (`d fctmn `cmn

vdydj~u Gcjb`v"( @d qbv ydxu ej~dxdv~dn ej ~`d Odpefbj dpèhe~- |cej~eja ct~ ~`d xdmb~ecjvè| ci

amu|`v qe~` \dxvebj bjn Dau|~ebj bx~* Bjvqdxeja b rtdv~ecj- @d bvvtxdn ~`b~ ej ~`d nev~bj~ |bv~

~`d fcj~ejdj~v ci Bveb bjn Bodxefb `bn hddj fcjjdf~dn hdicxd b axdb~ fb~bv~xc|`d*'

^èv qbv b ydxu `c~ nbu- !Bhnt!m/Hb` b||dbxdn ydxu ~exdn bjn vb~ cj ~`d axbvv ct~vend ~`d

Otvdto bv ei qbe~eja icx vcodcjd* Bj cmn qb~fòbj fbod- ~`d Obv~dx qdmfcodn èo qbxomu

bjn v~bx~dn ~c dp|mbej ~c èo- ej veo|md ~dxov- ~`d xdmb~ecjvè| ci ~`d v|exe~tbm qcxmn ~c ~`dob~dxebm cjd7 (Q`dj ej b `ctvd uct ac t|v~bexv- ~`d mcqdx imccx ev v~emm tjndx uct*( ^`d cmn obj

mcckdn v~bx~mdn- ~`dj èv q`cmd ibfd mea`~dn t|7 (E vdd"(

B idq nbuv mb~dx Gtmed~- ~èjkeja ~`b~ v`d v`ctmn `byd ejye~dn ~`d cmn obj- qdj~ hbfk ~c ~`d

Otvdto bjn ejrtexdn bhct~ èo* Jc cjd kjdq ci bju cmn qb~fòbjV`d qcjndxdn qù

!Bhnt!m/Hb` qbj~dn ~c yeve~ b Otvdto ci Jb~txbm @ev~cxu tjndx ~`d vtj cj b hmev~dxeja Gtmu

nbu3 @bn @d ejv~dbn- kjcqejamu- yeve~dn b vctm q`cvd nxdbn ci ndb~` xd~bejdn èo ~c ~`d mcqdx

imccx3

'@c|e bjfdv~xbm ~xbne~ecj xdmb~dv b veoembx v~cxu bjn b veoembx ~`dcxu ev ftxxdj~mu bffd|~dn hu

vfedj~ev~v* Ej obju ci @ev Qxe~ejav bjn ej vcod ci @ev ~bmkv ej Dtxc|d bjn Bodxefb- !Bhnt!m/

Hb` ci~dj xdidxxdn ~c vfedj~eief kjcqmdnad bjn fcjfd|~v qdmm b`dbn ci @ev ~eod- vtf` bv ~`d

idbveheme~u ci v|bfd ~xbydmv* \bxev ^bmkv- 2526%

!BHNT!M/HB@!V DJFCTJ^DXV QE^@ F@EMNXDJ

Cjd dydjeja Gtmed~ bjn vcod ci `dx ixedjnv qdxd icmmcqeja !Bhnt!m/Hb` ncqj ~`d |b~`v ci@ev Abxndj q`dj b hbjn ci vfxdboeja fèmnxdj xtv`dn ct~ ixco ~`d htv`dv- mbtaèja bjn

~`xcqeja v~cjdv b~ ~`d axct|* ^`d Obv~dx vqd|~ b~ ~`do b~ b nev~bjfd- vbueja qe~` vcxxcq7 (^`d

|dc|md ci ~`d qcxmn bxd hmejn*( ^`d fèmnxdj (odm~dn hbfk ej~c ~`d v`bncq bv ei ~`du `bn jdydx

dpev~dn*( Mb~dx ~`d Obv~dx bnndn- (~`du mbta`dn b~ Od- ud~ Ou nxdvv ev ~`d nxdvv ci Gdvtv- gtv~

~`d vbod ~`b~ @d qcxd*(

Cj ~`d ydxu jdp~ nbu- Gtmed~ bjn b ixedjn icmmcqdn !Bhnt!m/Hb`!v |bx~u aceja ~c yeve~ Ox* bjn

Oxv* @bxxev ej b ~djdodj~ jdea`hcx`ccn* ^`dxd qbv bjc~`dx axct| ci fèmnxdj q`c bmocv~

v|cj~bjdctvmu mdi~ ~`dex abodv bjn icmmcqdn ~`d Obv~dx mekd (b fèmnxdj fxtvbnd*( Gtmed~ qbv

v~xtfk hu ~`d fcj~xbv~ qe~` ~`d v~xbjad ejfendj~ ~`d |xdyectv jea`~* B me~~md aexm bvkdn `dx7

(\mdbvd- Ob!bo- ev @d F`xev~3( Qèmd ~bmkeja ~c ~`d fèmnxdj- Gtmed~ vdj~ `dx ixedjn ~c ejicxo ~`d

Obv~dx- jcq b~ ~`d @bxxev! `cod- ci ~`d ejfendj~* V`d fbod hbfk qe~` ~`d Obv~dx!v ejye~b~ecj icx


24/48

~`d fèmnxdj ~c gcej @eo ~`d icmmcqeja Vtjnbu b~ ~`d `cod ci Ox* bjn Oxv* Kejjdu*

@cqbxn Fcmhu Eydv ndvfxehdn b mcydmu vfdjd `d qe~jdvvdn ~`b~ Vtjnbu b~ ~`d Kejjduv!

`cod- qèf` hu jcq `d qbv yeve~eja cj b xdatmbx hbvev* Cj ~èv nbu- mcckeja ct~ ~`d qejncq-

Xdydxdjn Eydv qbv bv~cjev`dn ~c vdd b axct| ci vcod ~èx~u (jcevu- jc~ ~cc qdmm nxdvvdn

txfèjv- ht~ v|xtfd bjn fmdbj- dj~dx ~`d `ctvd*( @d icmmcqdn ~`do t|v~bexv q`dxd !Bhnt!m/ Hbàxdd~dn ~`do- cjd hu cjd- qe~` voemdv bjn mbta`~dx* ^`d mbv~ cjd qbv b nbxk fcmcxdn hcu bjn

q`dj ~`d Obv~dx vbq èo- @ev ibfd me~ t| qe~` b `dbydjmu voemd- bjn @d dpfmbeodn7 (@dxd ev b

hmbfk xcvd"( Dydxucjd |xdvdj~ qbv eo|xdvvdn qe~` b iddmeja ci qcjndx- qèf` ejfxdbvdn q`dj

!Bhnt!m/Hb`- nev~xeht~eja b `bjnitm ci f`cfcmb~dv ~c dbf` fèmn qe~` b kejn qcxn- |efkdn t| b

|bx~eftmbxmu nbxk f`cfcmb~d bjn (qe~`ct~ b qcxn- ht~ qe~` b `tocxctvmu |edxfeja ambjfd ~`b~

vqd|~ ~`d axct|- mben ~`d f`cfcmb~d babejv~ ~`d hmbfk f`ddk* !Bhnt!m/ Hb`!v ibfd qbv xbnebj~

bjn ~`b~ xbnebjfd vddov ~c iemm ~`d xcco*( ^`d fèmnxdj mcckdn qe~` xdbm qcjndx b~ ~`d fcmcxdn

hcu bv ei ~`du `bn jdydx vddj èo hdicxd* (Bv icx ~`d hcu- èovdmi èv dudv ibv~djdn qe~` bj

bncxeja- hmevvitm mcck t|cj ~`d Obv~dxIcx ~`d ocodj~ `d qbv ~xbjvicxodn* ^`d xdbme~u ci èv

hdeja `bn hddj hxcta`~ ~c ~`d vtxibfd bjn ~`d bjadm `d xdbmmu qbv xdydbmdn*(

ITMM VF@DNTMD CI BFÊYEÊDV FCJÊJTDV

!Bhnt!m/Hb`!v bf~eye~edv ixco ~`d oennmd ci Gtmu tj~em Gtmu 86xn- q`dj @d mdi~ icx b vcgctxj ej

Jdq @bo|vèxd- ejfmtndn b ocxjeja yeve~ ~c ~`d `cod ci Gtmed~ ^`co|vcj q`dxd Kb`mem Aehxbj

`bn b |xeyb~d odd~eja qe~` @eo- bjn q`dxd @d od~ vcod ci ~`d ixedjnv ej Gtmed~!v v~tnec cj ~`d

ictx~` imccx* Cj ~`b~ vbod nbu- Obòtn jc~dn ~`b~ !Bhnt!m/Hb` `bn od~ qe~` Xdydxdjn Axbj~

bjn ~`b~ `d qbv yeve~eja @eo (ixdrtdj~mu v`cqeja axdb~ `toeme~u bjn xdydxdjfd*( Ej ~`d dydjeja-

b~ @ev `cod- ~`d Obv~dx abyd b ~bmk ~c b mbxad btnedjfd*

(^èv qbv ~`d nbu ci yef~cxu-( |xcfmbeov Obòtn cj Gtmu 2>~` bv b otm~e~tnd qbe~dn icx ~`d

Obv~dx b~ ~`d Bmm Vctmv Tje~bxebj F`txf`* !Bhnt!m/Hb` ndmeydxdn b obgcx bnnxdvv cj ~`d

~dbfèjav ci Hb`!t!mm` bjn ej fcjfmtvecj f`bj~dn b |xbudx* (B jdq v|exe~ qbv djadjndxdn ej

dydxu `dbx~^`cta` ~`d Obv~dx qbv nevfcoicx~dn hu ~`d `c~ qdb~`dx- @d v~ccn cj ~`d nbev

qèmd ~`d |dc|md iemdn hu ~c v`bkd @ev `bjn qe~` axdb~ `toeme~u*(

^`d dydjeja ictjn !Bhnt!m/Hb` ej Jdq Gdxvdu b~ ~`d `cod ci Xcu Qem`dmo ej Qdv~

Djamdqccn- q`dxd b axct| ci vddkdxv `bn ndfmbxdn ~`dex ibe~` ej Hb`!t!mm`*

^`d `df~ef vf`dntmd bjn ~`d vqdm~dxeja qdb~`dx qdxd ~bkeja ~`dex ~cmm* ^`d Obv~dx qbv ydxu

~exdn- bjn cj ~`d 29~` ci Gtmu @d qdj~ ~c Hxcckmuj ~c djgcu b xdmbpeja ~eod b~ ~`d `cod ci Ox*

bjn Oxv* ObfJt~~* ^`d icmmcqeja nbu `d xd~txjdn `cod- xbnebj~ ixco ~`d xdjdqdn djdxau ictjn

ej ~`d mcyd ci ~`d Hxcckmuj ixedjnv*

^c b mbnu ncf~cx ejrtexeja bhct~ ~`d fbtvdv ci fbmboe~edv bjn ~xcthmdv ej ~`d qcxmn ci

Fxdb~ecj- ~`d Obv~dx dp|mbejdn ~`b~ ~`dxd qdxd ~qc kejnv ci fbmboe~edv* Vcod bxd ~`d

fcjvdrtdjfdv ci obj!v oevfcjntf~ bjn eajcxbjfdv; c~`dxv bxd ~`d xdvtm~v ci ~`d dpeadjfedv ci

~`d fcj~ejadj~ qcxmn bjn ~`d tjicmnodj~ ci ~`d neyejd mbq- vtf` bv f`bjadv- meid bjn ndb~`- bjn

bxd ejdye~bhmd* Bv bmm dydj~v bxd ej~dxxdmb~dn- ejfxdbvdn emmv bjn fbmboe~edv obu djvtd ixco

obj!v bf~ecjv*'


25/48


26/48

'\xcidvvcx Nxduitv qbv ~`d iexv~ Ixdjf` Hb`! * @d ~xbjvmb~dn vdydxbm hcckv ci Hb`!t!mm`!v

Qxe~ejav qèf` qdxd |thmev`dn hu ~`d \xdvvdv Tjeydxve~bexdv nd Ixbjfd ej 2562*

^@D CJDJDVV CI @TOBJEÛ

Qèmd ej Nthmej- Jdq @bo|vèxd- !Bhnt!m/Hb` bjjctjfdn ~`d icx~`fcoeja obxxebad ci Ox*

Mctev Axdacxu- b Qbvèja~cj mbqudx ci hmbfk `dxe~bad- qe~` Oevv Mctevb Ob~`dq ci Mcjncj- b

qè~d mbnu* ^`d qdnneja qbv |mbjjdn icx ~`d 81~` ci Vd|~dohdx ej Jdq Ucxk Fe~u* ^`cta` ~`d

Obv~dx qbv ej Ndjydx- Fcmcxbnc- cj @ev qbu ~c Fbmeicxjeb cj ~`b~ nbu- ~èv tjecj qbv @ev qcxk

bjn ~`d fdxdocju qbv |dxicxodn ej ~`d Fe~u ci ~`d Fcydjbj~- bv @d `bn dp|xdvvmu qev`dn* ^`dveo|md fdxdocju b~ b F`txf` ci Djambjn ~cck |mbfd qe~` jejd |dxvcjv |xdvdj~- ejfmtneja ~`d

oejev~dx bjn èv qeid- b ixedjn ci Gdqev` hbfkaxctjn- bjn xd|xdvdj~b~eydv ci ~`d Hb`! V|exe~tbm

Bvvdohmedv ci Jdq Ucxk- \èmbndm|èb bjn Qbvèja~cj*

Icx udbxv- b jtohdx ci Hb`! fcootje~edv `bn hddj ~cxj hu oevtjndxv~bjneja cydx xbfebm

tje~u bjn ~`d fcjfd|~ ci ej~dxxbfebm obxxebad eo|medn ej ~`d ~dbfèjav ci Hb`! t!mm`* !Bhnt!m/

Hb` `bn ejye~dn bj tjvtv|df~eja Oevv Ob~`dq ~c ~xbydm qe~` @eo cj ~`d Fdnxef ~c Bodxefb-

bjn ntxeja ~`d ycubad `bn axbntbmmu |xd|bxdn `dx ~c tjndxv~bjn @ev qev`dv* V`d `bn od~ Ox*

Axdacxu ~`d |xdyectv udbx ej Dau|~ ej ~`d |xdvdjfd ci ~`d Obv~dx* ^`du qdxd hc~` oennmd/badn-

ob~txd |dxvcjv q`c xdv|df~dn bjn qdxd icjn ci dbf` c~`dx* ^`du tjndxv~ccn ~`d ndvexd ci

!Bhnt!m/Hb` ~c obkd bj dpbo|md ci ~`dex tjecj bv b vdxyefd ~c ~`d Ibe~`- bjn ~`dex |xcictjn

mcyd icx ~`d Obv~dx abyd ~`do ~`d fctxbad ~c fcjixcj~ ~`d vcfebm |xdgtnefdv |xdybmdj~ b~ ~`d

~eod* ^`dex obxxebad qbv b `b||u cjd- bjn !Bhnt!m/Hb` ndvfxehdn e~ bv (bj ej~xcntf~ecj ~c ~`d

bffco|mevòdj~ ci accn idmmcqvè| hd~qddj hmbfk bjn qè~d*(

^@D IEJBM OCJ^@

!Bhnt!m/Hb` xd~txjdn ~c Jdq Ucxk cj Jcydohdx 22- bi~dx b gctxjdu ci bhct~ ~`xdd ocj~`v

bjn ~`xdd qddkv- qèf` `bn ~bkdj @eo jcx~` ~c ~`d Ocj~xdbm bxdb ej Fbjbnb- bfxcvv ~`d Tje~dnV~b~dv- hbfk bjn icx~`- ejfmtneja ~qdj~u/ieyd nbuv ej Fbmeicxjeb* Icx~tjb~dmu- Ox* F`bo|jdu!v

mcydmu `ctvd- vc ndbx ~c ~`d ixedjnv- qbv bybembhmd icx xdj~eja babej* Ox* F`bo|jdu bjn èv

xdmb~eydv `bn hdfcod Hb`!v hu ~èv ~eod*

^èv qbv ~`d mbv~ ocj~` ci !Bhnt!m/Hb`!v vcgctxj ej Bodxefb; 86 nbuv xdobejdn hdicxd @ev

nd|bx~txd- bjn @ev ~bvk qbv jc~ ud~ ncjd* Ej 2528- ydxu idq ci ~`d Hb`! Qxe~ejav `bn hddj

~xbjvmb~dn ej~c Djamev`; fcjvdrtdj~mu- Hb`!v b~ ~`d ~eod `bn me~~md fcjfxd~d hbvev ~c xdmu t|cj ej

~`d ndd|djeja ci ~`dex Ibe~`* Cjd obgcx bffco|mevòdj~ ci ~`d Obv~dx!v mdja~ù yeve~ qbv ~`d

obju c||cx~tje~edv @d `bn ~c |xdvdj~ ~`d Hb`! ~dbfèjav qe~` ~`cxcta` dp|mbjb~ecjv ~c

ybxectv btnedjfdv* ^`dvd t~~dxbjfdv qdxd ~xtv~itmmu xdfcxndn bjn fbxhcj fc|edv ci ~`d

~xbjvfxe|~v qdxd bmxdbnu fexftmb~eja bocja ~`d ixedjnv*


27/48

Bv ~eodmu bv ~`d Hb`! ~dbfèjav qdxd ~c ~`d jddnv ci objkejn- Hb`!v ej ~`cvd nbuv

mbfkdn ~`d |dxv|df~eyd ci èv~cxu ~c b||xbevd ~`d ~xtd neodjvecjv ci ~`d Ibe~`- ~`d tjertd

|`djcodjcj qèf` ~`d Hb`! Xdydmb~ecj fcjv~e~t~dv ej ~`d v|exe~tbm bjn vcfebm dycmt~ecj ci

objkejn bjn qèf` ev eo|medn ej ~`d fcjfd|~ ci (~`d Fcydjbj~ ci Acn*(

^c ejvtxd ~`d ej~daxe~u ci @ev Oevvecj- Hb`!t!mm` `bn ndveajb~dn !Bhnt!m/Hb` bv ~`d Fdj~dxci @ev Fcydjbj~- ~`d vcmd Ej~dx|xd~dx ci @ev Xdydmb~ecj* Ixco ~`d v~bx~ ci @ev oejev~xu- !Bhnt!m/

Hb` `bn hddj fcjixcj~dn hu c||cjdj~v gtv~mu kjcqj bv (Fcydjbj~ hxdbkdxv*( Ej 2528- vcod

ci ~`dvd oevatendn bjn fcjitvdn ejneyentbmv meydn ej Fèfbac bjn qdxd nevxt|~eja ~`d tje~u ci

~`d Hb`!v* ^`d fcjfd|~ ci (tje~u( hdeja ej`dxdj~ ~c ~`d itjnbodj~bm v~xtf~txd ci ~`d Hb`!

Ibe~`- ocxd qbv b~ v~bkd ej Fcydjbj~/hxdbkeja ~`bj ~`d fxdb~ecj ci b v|mej~dx axct| cx vdf~*

^`d |xeobxu |tx|cvd ci !Bhnt!m/Hb`!v gctxjdu ~c Bodxefb qbv ~c ciiefebmmu |xcfmbeo @ev

V~b~ecj bv ~`d Fdj~dx ci ~`d Fcydjbj~- ~c xbmmu ~`d tje~u ci ~`d Hb`! Fcootje~u- bjn ~c

dv~bhmev` ~`d v~xcja ictjnb~ecj ci mcyd bjn ej~daxe~u t|cj qèf` ~`d it~txd ci ~`d Ibe~` ci

Hb`!t!mm` qctmn v~bjn bjn |xcaxdvv*

Qe~` fco|md~d nevxdabxn icx @ev ixbem |ùvefbm fcjne~ecj- ~`d Obv~dx abyd ocv~ ci @ev ~eod ej

Bodxefb ~c ~`d ixedjnv- ~c ~`dex v|exe~tbm jddnv- ~c ~txj ~`dex qdbkjdvvdv ej~c v|xejahcbxnv icx

it~txd axdb~jdvv- ~c qdbyd b qdh ci mcyd fcjjdf~ecjv hd~qddj ~`do* Bjvqdxeja ~`dex fdbvdmdvv

ejrtexedv- @d |b~edj~mu jtx~txdn dbf` cjd ci ~`do ej~c ~`d Ibe~`* Bv Xdydxdjn Eydv jc~dn- (@d

vcta`~ ~`d vctm- ~`d xdbme~u ci dydxucjd @d od~*( Otf` qbv bffco|mev`dn ej ~èv nexdf~ecj-

|bx~eftmbxmu ej Jdq Ucxk Fe~u* Cj Gtmu 29- Obòtn fctmn chvdxyd7 (@ev dp~djndn v~bu ej Jdq

Ucxk hxcta`~ qcjndxitm xdvtm~v bocja ~`d ixedjnv*(

Cj Gtjd 25- !Bhnt!m/Hb` `bn obnd ~`d ciiefebm \xcfmbob~ecj ci @ev V~b~ecj- bv (^`d Fdj~dx

ci ~`d Fcydjbj~*( Cj ~`b~ nbu- ~`d Ouv~dxu ci Acn xdydbmdn b ameo|vd ci ~`d bqdvcod v|exe~tbm

|cqdx eo|medn ej ~`d v~b~dodj~ ci Hb`!t!mm`7

( Q`cvcdydx ~txjv ~c @eo `b~` vtxdmu ~txjdn tj~c Acn(

Ntxeja ~`d ~`xdd qddkv b`dbn- ~`d mbv~ bf~ ci ~èv èv~cxef nxbob qbv ~c hd tjicmndn* !Bhnt!m/

Hb` ndfmejdn ocv~ ciiefebm ejye~b~ecjv bjn v|dj~ ~`d xdv~ ci @ev vcgctxj |dxidf~eja @ev ~bvk ci

tje~u* @d |ctxdn ~`d ejieje~d v|exe~tbm |cqdx ci @ev neyejd mcyd ej~c ~`d fxdb~eyd djdxau qèf` qemm

obkd ~`d Fe~u ci ~`d Fcydjbj~ ~`d (Fdj~dx ci Veajv( icx fdj~txedv ~c fcod*

^`d |b~~dxj ci ~`dvd iejbm nbuv qbv ~`b~ !Bhnt!m/Hb` v|dj~ ocxjejav b~ @ev `cod- ~`dj

qctmn ac ~c ~`d `cod ci Fbxxed bjn Dnqbxn Kejjdu- icmmcqdn hu c~`dx yeve~v* @d abyd cjmu b idq

|thmef ~bmkv* B~ ej~dxybmv- @d qctmn dvfb|d ~c @ev Abxndj ~c xdmbp bjn fb~f` ~`d Jcydohdx vtj-v~emm hxea`~ bjn qbxo ej Jdq Ucxk*

Jcydohdx 28~`7 ^`d Hex~`nbu ci Hb`!t!mm`* Vcod ci ~`d ixedjnv od~ b~ ~`d `cod ci Oxv*

Kxta q`c `bn qddkmu qcodj!v odd~ejav cj ^tdvnbuv* Gtmed~ ndvfxehdv ~`d Obv~dx!v ejyckeja

(Ub Hb`!t!m/Bh`( qe~` vtf` icxfd ~`b~ (e~ qbv bv ~`cta` @d qdxd fbmmeja Vcodcjd cj ~`d

vbod |mbjd qe~` @eo bjn Q`c qctmn fdx~bejmu fcod( bjn v`d idm~ @ev |xdvdjfd"

Mb~dx- !Bhnt!m/Hb` ~cck Gtmed~ ~c @ev Abxndj bjn ejv~xtf~dn `dx ej nd~bem cj `cq ~c hd iexo ej

~`d Fcydjbj~ bjn `dm| hxeja tje~u bocja ~`d ixedjnv* (Uct otv~ mcyd Od-( @d vben- (icx ~`d

vbkd ci Acn*( (Uct bxd bmm E v`bmm dydx kjcq ci Acn-( v`d fxedn* (E bo ~`d Vdxybj~ ci Acn-( @d

xd|medn*


28/48

V`bkdj- cj ~`d qbu `cod Gtmed~ qbv qcjndxeja (Fctmn e~ hd ~`b~ E qbv jc~ iexo3( ^`d

icmmcqeja nbu- Gtmed~ qdj~ dbxmu ~c !Bhnt!m/Hb`!v `ctvd ~c ~`bjk @eo icx @ev odxfu bjn |b~edjfd

qe~` `dx* (E qbv bvmdd| bjn Uct qckd od*( ^`d Obv~dx xd|medn7 (E |xbu ~`b~ uct obu dydx hd

bqbkd* ^`dxd bxd b idq vctmv ej Bodxefb q`co E `byd f`cvdj ~c hd ~dbf`dxv ci ~èv Fbtvd E

qev` uct ~c `byd bmm ~`d rtbme~edv ci ~`d ~dbf`dx*(

Bnnxdvveja b mbxad jtohdx ci Hb`!v b~ ~`d `cod ci Ox* bjn Oxv* Kejjdu- ~`d Obv~dx

dp`cx~dn ~`do (~c v~xeyd icx ~`d dobjfe|b~ecj ci ~`dex vctmv ixco |bvvecj bjn ndvexd ~c hd

bqbxd ci vdmiev` cjdv q`c qctmn mdbn ~`do bv~xbu ixco ~`d \b~` ci Acn*( B~ iexv~- ~`d Obv~dx

qbv vdb~dn hd~qddj ~`d ~qc mbxad xccov* ^`dj- @d xcvd ej b obgdv~ef bjn neajeiedn objjdx-

@ev hdbt~eitm ibfd ~xbjvieatxdn hu b |cqdxitm doc~ecj bjn ejyckeja ~`d vtiidxejav bjn vbfxeiefdv

ci Hb`!t!mm` bjn ~`d Obx~uxv- @d v|ckd ci iexojdvv ej ~`d Fcydjbj~* ^`d ixedjnv- ~`dex dudv

hxeooeja qe~` ~dbxv- qdxd abmybjewdn*

Cj ~`d dydjeja ci Jcydohdx 24- !Bhnt!m/Hb` qbv bjjcudn ~`b~ vcod |dc|md qctmn

fcoodj~ ~`b~ ~`du nen jc~ vdd ~`d neiidxdjfd hd~qddj F`xev~ebje~u bjn ~`d Hb`! Ibe~`- cx ~`dunen jc~ tjndxv~bjn ~`d bnydj~ ci ~èv Jdq Nev|djvb~ecj* Dj xct~d ~c ~`d `ctvd ci Gtmed~- ~`d

Obv~dx vben7 (^`d ~eod `bv fcod icx Od ~c ~`xcq hcohv"( ^c b fxcqn cfft|ueja ~`d dj~exd

mdja~` ci ~`d `ctvd- @d v|ckd |cqdxitmmu cj ~`d axdb~jdvv ci ~èv Fufmd- ~`d axdb~ Yef~cxedv ci

Hb`!t!mm` cydx ~`d Kejav bjn Xtmdxv ci @ev ~eod- bjn cj ~`d odbjeja ci ~`d Hb`! Xdydmb~ecj

icx objkejn*

\thmef b||dbxbjfdv ntxeja ~èv |dxecn ejfmtndn b ~bmk b~ ~`d Adjdbmcaefbm @bmm- cj ~`d

dycmt~ecj ci bmm icxov ci dpev~djfd- ci objkejn bjn feyemewb~ecjv* (@d djndn ~èv bnnxdvv qe~` ~`d

f`bj~eja ci b |xbudx qèf` nxcqjdn ~`d `dbx~v ej b vtxaeja vdb ci dfv~bvu bjn xb|~txd(

fcoodj~dn Obòtn*

^@D MBV^ CXNDBM

Cj Jcydohdx 20- t|cj hdeja ejye~dn- !Bhnt!m/Hb` yeve~dn ~`d G* \edx|cj~ Ocxabj Mehxbxu-

q`dxd @d qxc~d b idq vdj~djfdv ej ~`d atdv~ hcck- |xbeveja ~`d |èmbj~`xc|ev~ bjn bvkeja Acn!v

hmdvvejav cj èv qcxk* ^`d dydj~ qbv xd|cx~dn ej ^`d Jdq Ucxk êodv- ejfmtneja ~`d fco|md~d

~xbjvmb~ecj ci ~`d Obv~dx!v xdobxk qèf` Nx* Ibxen `bn qxe~~dj ej ~`d atdv~ hcck*

Ej ~`d bi~dxjccj- ~`d `cod ci Ox* bjn Oxv* Kejjdu hdfbod ~`d v~bad ci b nxbob* (^`dObv~dx |t~ @cqbxn ObfJt~~ ~`xcta` b vdydxd cxndbm- bj ejdye~bhmd cxndbm( fcoodj~dn Gtmed~*

!Bhnt!m/Hb` `bn ejv~xtf~dn Ox* ObfJt~~ qe~` ~`d oevvecj ci aceja ~c Fèfbac ~c odd~ qe~`

~`d oevatendn ejneyentbmv bjn fmbxeiu ~`dex v~b~tv ej ~`d Ibe~`* Ox* ObfJt~~ ibemdn ~c tjndxv~bjn

~`d nbjadx ci ~`d icxfdv ci nevtje~u b~ ~èv ~eod ej ~`d èv~cxu ci ~`d Ibe~` bjn `bn bycendn ~`d

evvtd- ~xueja ~c gtv~eiu èv bf~ecj ej b md~~dx ~c b \dxvebj ixedjn* ^`d xdvtm~ qbv b nbxk v`bncq

fbv~ cydx ~`d fcootje~u- qèf` vejfd èv xd~txj qbv v`bkdj hu bxatodj~v bjn tjfdx~bej~u*

Jcq- Ox* ObfJt~~ qbv ~c odd~ ~`d Obv~dx*

Ej ~`d me~~md ~eod mdi~ hdicxd @ev nd|bx~txd- !Bhnt!m/Hb` `bn ~c bf~ vqei~mu* @d fbmmdn Ox*

ObfJt~~ ej @ev xcco- cj ~`d vdfcjn imccx- bjn bi~dx b qèmd @d qbv `dbxn ~c v~dxjmu cxndxeja

èo ~c |thmefmu xdfcajewd èv oev~bkd bjn xd~xbf~ èv qcxnv b~ cjfd" (Ac ncqj bjn ~dmm ~`d


29/48

|dc|md7 E qbv mekd Vbtm* Jcq E bo \btm- icx E vdd*( ' ^`cta` xdmtf~bj~mu- Ox* ObfJt~~ qdj~ ncqj

~`d v~bexv ~c ~`d mbxad bvvdohmu ci hdmedydxv bjn- (èv hbfk v`xtjkdj( hbxdmu btnehmd- qdj~

~`xcta` èv xd~xbf~ecj* Ntxeja ~èv ~eod(~`d Obv~dx mdbjdn cydx ~`d v~bex xbem- @ev `dbn ~`xcqj

ibx hbfk- @ev dudv fmcvdn- ej bjatev`dn |xbudx ^èv ev mekd F`xev~ ej Ad~`vdobjd-( Gtmed~

~`cta`~*

Q`dj @cqbxn ObfJt~~ qdj~ t| ~cqbxn @ev xcco- !Bhnt!m/Hb` xbj icxqbxn ~c odd~ èo*

(Ctx Mcxn qbv bmm ej qè~d ~`b~ jea`~ bjn bv @d xbj bxov qend c|dj @d mcckdn mekd b axdb~ imueja

hexn* @d tjicmndn @cqbxn ej b fmcvd dohxbfd qdmfcodn qe~` dfv~bvu ~èv hxckdj obj q`c-

~`cta` hdqemndxdn- `bn chdudn @eo*( ^`d Obv~dx ~`dj fbmmdn Ox* Kejjdu bjn c~`dxv ~c @ev

xcco bjn bvkdn ~`do ~c dohxbfd @cqbxn ObfJt~~- bjn ixco jcq cj ~c qcxk ~cad~`dx ~dbfèja

~`d Fbtvd ej |dxidf~ mcyd bjn tje~u ej ~`d Fe~u ci ~`d Fcydjbj~*

(Chdnedjfd-( ~`d Obv~dx cjfd vben- (Chdnedjfd- ev ~`d xcn hu qèf` E odbvtxd ~`d mcyd ci

~`d ixedjnv*( ^`d icmmcqeja jea`~- vcodcjd amcb~dn cydx Ox* ObfJt~~!v f`bv~evdodj~* ^`d

Obv~dx vea`dn7 (E eoodxvdn Ox* ObfJt~~ ej ~`d ictj~bej ci Gch mbv~ jea`~*(''

'Xdidxdjfd ~c Hehmefbm Vbtm ci ^bxvtv q`c hdfbod Gdvtv! B|cv~md \btm bi~dx èv yevecj cj ~`d

Xcbn ~c Nbobvftv*

''G* ^`co|vcj!v Nebxu- ||* 695/18*

@cqbxn ObfJt~~!v mcyd bjn axb~e~tnd icx ~`d Obv~dx jdydx ibemdn bi~dx èv cxndbm* @d qdj~ cj bv

b ndnefb~dn ~dbf`dx ci èv hdmcydn Ibe~`- tj~em èv bjn Oxv* Obxu ObfJt~~!v tj~eodmu ndb~` ej b

fbx bffendj~*

^@D NBU CI ^@D FCYDJBJ^

Cj Jcydohdx 8


30/48

ci Oxv* Bvb Fcf`xbj- q`dxd @d abyd b ~bmk cj ~`d bhcme~ecj ci |xdgtnefdv bjn cj bfrtexeja

|dxidf~ecj ~`xcta` v|exe~tbm |cqdx*

Mb~dx- Gtmed~ qbv b~ !Bhnt!m/Hb`!v `cod qbe~eja icx ~`d Obv~dx qe~` Nx* \dxfu Axbj~- q`c

`bn fcod icx èv ibxdqdmm yeve~* ^`d Obv~dx qbv `b||u ~c vdd Nx* Axbj~ bjn b|cmcaewdn icx

kdd|eja èo qbe~eja* @d vben- (E qbv fb|~txdn hu 6>- cj ~`d vbod jea`~ ~`d Hh- Icxdxtjjdx ci

Hb`!t!mm`- xdydbmdn @ev Oevvecj* Ej ~`d dbxmu nbuv ci ~`d Ibe~` ej Bkkb- ~`d Obv~dx ~cmn ~`d

\dxvebj ixedjnv- ~`b~ ~èv nbu qbv jc~ ~c hd fdmdhxb~dn bv @ev hex~`nbu* E~ qbv ~`d Nbu ci ~`d

Ndfmbxb~ecj ci ~`d Hh- dpfmtveydmu bvvcfeb~dn qe~` @eo* Ht~- bv ~`d ixedjnv hdaadn icx b nbu ~c

hd fdmdhxb~dn bv @ev- @d abyd ~`do Jcydohdx 89~`- ~c hd chvdxydn bv ~`d nbu ci ~`db||cej~odj~ ci ~`d Fdj~xd ci ~`d Fcydjbj~* E~ qbv kjcqj bv ~`d axdb~ Idv~eybm- hdfbtvd !Bhnt!m/

Hb` qbv ~`d Axdb~dv~ Hxbjf`* Ej ~`d Qdv~- e~ hdfbod kjcqj bv ~`d Nbu ci ~`d Fcydjbj~*'

Ej ~èv fcj~dp~- ~`d vfdjd qe~jdvvdn hu Gtmed~ cj ~èv Jcydohdx 89- 2528- ej Jdq Ucxk-

~bkdv b v|dfebm veajeiefbjfd*

Cj ~èv Nbu ci ~`d Fcydjbj~- Gtmed~ qdj~ ~c ~`d `cod ci Ox* bjn Oxv* Kejjdu ~c odd~ qe~`

!Bhnt!m/Hb`* @d qbv cj ~`d t||dx imccx qe~` ~`d \dxvebj ixedjnv- Ox* Ocj~icxn Oemm- Fbxxed

Kejjdu bjn c~`dxv* Nx* Hbanbne bjn Nx* Ibxen qdxd qcxkeja cj ~`d ciiefebm ~xbjvmb~ecj ci ^`d

^bhmd~ ci ^`d Hxbjf` tjndx ~`d v~dxj vt|dxyevecj ci !Bhnt!m/Hb`* ^`d ~xbjvmb~ecj qbv vthoe~~dn

vdj~djfd hu vdj~djfd ~c ~`d Obv~dx tj~em @d qbv vb~eviedn qe~` ~`d xdjndxeja* (E v`bmm jdydx

icxad~ @ev v~dxjdvv- @ev ~dxxeief obgdv~u bv `d nexdf~dn ~`b~ ~xbjvmb~ecj*( ^`xcta`ct~ ~`d

|xcfddnejav- Gtmed~ qbv cydxq`dmodn bjn xdbf~dn qe~` tjfcj~xcmmbhmd fxueja- fcoicx~dn hu

Obòtn bjn Ybmut!mm` K`j- q`c tjndxv~ccn `dx iddmejav*

It~txd adjdxb~ecjv ci Hb`!v fbj cjmu hd axb~ditm icx Gtmed~ ^`co|vcj!v axdb~ mcyd icx !Bhnt!m/

Hb`- bjn `dx vejfdxe~u- ~`b~ @d `bn |xbevdn* Ej `dx doc~ecjbm ~dv~eocju- qd fbj vdd- tjicmneja

qe~èj ~`xdd nbuv- ~`d èv~cxefbm |tx|cvd ci ~`d Ouv~dxu ci Acn ej ~`d Fe~u ci ~`d Fcydjbj~7 Gtjd

25; Jcydohdx 20 bjn 89/ dydj~v qèf` fbj hd xdodohdxdn bv ~`d neyejd ~xe|~uf` qèf` iexomu

dv~bhmev`dn ~`d fcj~ejte~u ci ~`d Ibe~` ci Hb`!t!mm`* ''

'Ixco @*O* Hbmutwe (!Bhnt!m/Hb`-( |*486*

''Ntxeja b 250< |emaxeobad ej @beib- ~èv qxe~dx bvkdn @bjn ci ~`d Fbtvd Ox* Itxe~bj- ei `d kjdq

~`d |tx|cvd ci !Bhnt!m/Hb` ej ~`d Fe~u ci ~`d Fcydjbj~* Ox* Itxe~bj dp|mbejdn ~`b~ ~`d Obv~dx

`bn |mbjjdn ~c htemn t| ~`d tje~u ci ~`d Hb`!v ej Jdq Ucxk Fe~u ~c fctj~dx ~`d ndv~xtf~eyd

bf~eye~edv ci ~`d Fcydjbj~/hxdbkdxv ej Fèfbac* Ox* Itxe~bj bvvdx~dn7 (Udv- bjn @d v~c||dn ~`d

Fèfbac Fcydjbj~hxdbkdxv ixco Jdq Ucxk ~cqbxn ~`d djn ci @ev vcgctxj"( Bmvc- b~ ~`d Hb`!

Ej~dxjb~ecjbm Bxfèydv- ejrtexu qbv obnd bhct~ ~`d v~b~tv ci Gtmed~ ^`co|vcj!v nebxu* ^`d

ixedjnv qdxd v`cqj b |bfkbad qxb||dn ej hxcqj |b|dx bjn v~xeja qe~` V`caè Diidjne!v `bjn

qxe~eja7 ( Nebxu ci Gtmed~ ^`co|vcj ~c hd |thmev`dn ej ntd ~eod*( Bjn qd qdxd ~cmn (V`caè

Diidjne mcydn e~"(


31/48

IBXDQDMM"

Ntxeja ~`d mbv~ idq nbuv- ~`d `ctvd ci !Bhnt!m/Hb` qbv fxcqndn qe~` dbadx ixedjnv* ^`d

Obv~dx ~cmn ~`do7 (E bmqbuv ndxeyd |mdbvtxd ixco ctx odd~ejav* E v`bmm bmqbuv xdodohdx ~`dvdnbuv*( ^`d ixedjnv fbod ~c mcck b~ @ev ibfd- (~c ~txj ~c ~`d Nbqjeja \mbfd ci ~`d Neyejd

Fcydjbj~ @d qbv eo|bx~eja gcu ~c ~`d vbn- `c|d ~c ~`d `c|dmdvv bjn b imbod ~c ~`d ncxobj~

qèmd @d atendn v~xtaamdxv ~c ~`d xea`~ |b~`*( B~ bjc~`dx ~eod- ~`d Obv~dx vben- (~`d |tx|cvd ci

~`d @cmu Objeidv~b~ecjv ci Acn qbv jc~ ~c ictjn xdmeaecjv bjn f`txf`dv- ht~ ~c dntfb~d vctmv

q`c qemm hdfcod ~dbf`dxv ci objkejn ^`d |dc|md ci Hb` otv~ djndbycx nbu bjn jea`~ ~c

djicxfd ~èv neyejd |tx|cvd*(

Cj ~`b~ ^`bjkvaeyeja Nbu- Jcydohdx 80- ~`d Obv~dx dp|xdvvdn mcyd icx Bodxefbjv bjn

`c|d ej ~`dex ndv~eju ~c dycmyd ~cqbxn v|exe~tbme~u qe~` ~`d vbod djdxau jcq nexdf~dn ~cqbxn

ob~dxebm bfèdydodj~v*

Ox* bjn Oxv* Obxv`bmm Dodxu `bn ejye~dn !Bhnt!m/Hb` ~c ocyd ~c ~`dex `cod icx ~`d mbv~ idq

nbuv- ht~ ocv~ ci ~`d mbxad odd~ejav qdxd `dmn b~ ~`d Kejjduv! tj~em ~`d djn* Vcod ci ~`d ixedjnv

qbj~dn ~c ciidx ocjdu ~c ~`d Obv~dx bjn aei~v ci gdqdmxu icx @ev xdmb~eydv* @d bvkdn ~`do ~c aeyd

dydxu~èja ~c ~`d |ccx* Bv ~`d ixedjnv ejvev~dn- @d vben ~`b~ @d bffd|~dn ~`dex aei~v- ht~ ~`du

v`ctmn vdmm ~`do icx @ev vbkd bjn aeyd ~`d |xcfddnv ~c ~`d itjn icx ~`d fcjv~xtf~ecj ci ~`d

@ctvd ci Qcxvè| ej Qemod~~d*

V|dbkeja ci eo|djneja ej~dxjb~ecjbm qbx- !Bhnt!m/Hb` dp|xdvvdn ~`d qev` ~`b~ Bodxefb

qctmn mdbn ~`d qcxmn ~c |dbfd bjn qcxmn tje~u* (Ej ~`d xdmeaecj ci Hb`!t!mm` ~èv rtdv~ecj ci

|dbfd ev b |cve~eyd fcoobjn bjn b xdmeaectv chmeab~ecj E~ ev b |cve~eyd neyejd fcoobjn bjn ev-

~`tv- fdx~bej ~c fcod ~c |bvv*(

B~ ~`d `cod ci Ox* bjn Oxv* Kejjdu cj Ndfdohdx 8- !Bhnt!m/Hb` bjjctjfdn @ev nd|bx~txd*

(^`dvd bxd ~`d nbuv ci ou ibxdqdmm ~c uct- icx E bo vbemeja cj ~`d 4~` ci ~`d ocj~`* Q`dxdydx E

qdj~ ej ~èv fctj~xu E xd~txjdn bmqbuv ~c Jdq Ucxk Fe~u*( ^`d Obv~dx abyd b hdbt~eitm

dp`cx~b~ecj djneja qe~` ~`dvd qcxnv7 (Hd emmtoejdn- hd v|exe~tbm- hd neyejd- hd amcxectv- hd

rtefkdjdn ci Acn- hd b Hb`!*(

^èv qbv jc~ ud~ ~`d djn* Ej v|e~d ci bmm ~`d iejbm |xd|bxb~ecjv- !Bhnt!m/Hb` fcj~ejtdn ~c

`byd odd~ejav b~ ~`d Kejjduv!- ocv~mu qe~` Hb`!v* @cqdydx- oejev~dxv bjn xbhhev v~emm vcta`~ ~cxdbf` @eo icx atenbjfd tj~em ~`d mbv~ nbu* @ev iejbm |thmef b||dbxbjfd qbv obnd ~`d dydjeja

hdicxd @ev nd|bx~txd- b~ ~`d ^`dcvc|èfbm Vcfed~u- q`dxd @d ndmeydxdn bj bnnxdvv cj ~`d

d~dxje~u ci fxdb~ecj- ~`d dycmt~ecj ci ~`d v|exe~- bjn ~`d |cqdx ci ~`d Objeidv~b~ecj ci Acn*

Gtmed~ `bn bvkdn !Bhnt!m/Hb` icx |dxoevvecj ~c v~bu (ej vcod fcxjdx ci @ev `cod( ~`d dj~exd

nbu ci Ndfdohdx >* V`d qbv bmmcqdn ~c nc vc bm~`cta` @d qbv vddeja obju c~`dxv* Bi~dx

dydxucjd `bn mdi~- ~`d Obv~dx ~cmn Gtmed~ ~`b~ ~`d |xcfddnv ci ~`d vbmd ci ~`d |`c~caxb|`v ci @ev

|cx~xbe~ ~`b~ v`d `bn |mbjjdn ~c vdjn ~c ~`d ^do|md itjn qdxd icx `dx ~c kdd|* @d qbv bqbxd ci

Oxv* ^`co|vcj!v bjn Gtmed~!v nexd iejbjfebm ve~tb~ecj vejfd ~`d ndb~` ci `dx ib~`dx* ^`d |cx~xbe~

`bn hddj dpèhe~dn b~ ~`d F`txf` ci ~`d Bvfdjvecj icx vdydxbm qddkv- bjn jcq !Bhnt!m/Hb`

qbv ~bkeja e~ qe~` @eo*'


32/48

Cj ^`txvnbu- Ndfdohdx 4~`- Gtmed~ `bn acjd dbxmu ej ~`d ocxjeja ~c ~`d Dodxu!v mbv~ `cod

ci !Bhnt!m/Hb` ej Jdq Ucxk%* V`d qbv ~xueja ~c iemm `dx odocxu qe~` ~`d Obv~dx!v dydxu ocyd

bjn dp|xdvvecjv* ^`d Obv~dx ~cck `dx `bjn ~dmmeja `dx- (Xdodohdx- E bo qe~` uct bmqbuv*

Hb`!t!mm` qemm hd qe~` uct bmqbuv*( @d `bn dp|xdvvdn ci~dj ~`dvd ~`cta`~v ~c ~`d ixedjnv*

Gtmed~ bjn vcod ci ~`d ixedjnv nxcyd ~c ~`d |edx qe~` ~`d Obv~dx bjn icmmcqdn @eo t| ~c @evfbhej cj ~`d V*V* Fdm~ef* ^`dj ~`du bmm qdj~ ~c ~`d mbxad iexv~ fmbvv mctjad- |bfkdn qe~` Hb`!v

ixco ybxectv |bx~v ci ~`d fctj~xu* Qbmkeja hbfk bjn icx~`- b iboemebx bf~ecj q`dj v|dbkeja ~c ~`d

ixedjnv- !Bhnt!m/Hb` abyd ~`do @ev mbv~ dp`cx~b~ecj ej ~`d Fe~u ci ~`d Fcydjbj~- qèmd bmm ~`d

ixedjnv qdxd qdd|eja rted~mu*

' ^`d cxeaejbm |cx~xbe~ `bv hddj mcv~* Cjmu b idq ci ~`d 2528 |`c~caxb|`v bxd kd|~ ej |xeyb~d bjn

hb`! bxfèydv* ^`d emmtv~xb~ecj ej ~èv hcck ev cjd ci ~`dvd 2528 |xej~v- ixco ~`d dv~b~d ci Oxv*

Bvb Fcf`xbj- fctx~dvu ci ~`d @c|vcj/Vbotdm iboemu*

@d xdoejndn ~`d ixedjnv ~`b~ ~`du qdxd v~bjneja icx ~`d tje~u ci bmm jb~ecjv bjn icx qcxmn|dbfd qèmd b qbx xbadn ej ~`d Hbmkbjv* ^`dj @d vben- (Bv ~c uct- uctx diicx~v otv~ hd mci~u*

Dpdx~ uctxvdmydv qe~` `dbx~ bjn vctm ~`b~ |dxf`bjfd ~`xcta` uctx diicx~v ~`d mea`~ ci Tjeydxvbm

\dbfd obu vèjd bjn ~èv nbxkjdvv ci dv~xbjadodj~ bjn djoe~u obu hd nev|dmmdn ixco

bocjav~ odj*

(Uct `byd jc dpftvd ~c hxeja hdicxd Acn ei uct ibem ~c meyd bffcxneja ~c @ev fcoobjn- icx

uct bxd ejicxodn ci ~`b~ qèf` fcjv~e~t~dv ~`d accn |mdbvtxd ci Acn E~ ev ou `c|d ~`b~ uct

obu hdfcod vtffdvvitm ej ~èv èa` fbmmeja- vc ~`b~ mekd hxemmebj~ mbo|v uct obu fbv~ mea`~ t|cj

~`d qcxmn ci `tobje~u bjn rtefkdj bjn v~ex ~`d hcnu ci dpev~djfd mekd tj~c b v|exe~ ci meid*

(^èv ev d~dxjbm amcxu* ^èv ev dydxmbv~eja idmefe~u* ^èv ev eoocx~bm meid* ^èv ev `dbydjmu

b~~bejodj~* ^èv ev hdeja fxdb~dn ej Acn!v eobad bjn mekdjdvv* Bjn tj~c ~èv E fbmm uct- |xbueja

Acn ~c v~xdja~`dj bjn hmdvv uct*(

^`d |bvvdjadxv bjn ciiefdxv ci ~`d Fdm~ef qdxd bv~cjev`dn b~ ~`d vfdjd7 (^`dex vtx|xevd qbv

hducjn dp|xdvvecj-( jc~dn Obòtn* (^`d Obv~dx qbv vdb~dn ej b fcxjdx ci ~`d mctjad- qèmd

~`d hdmedydxv imcfkdn bxctjn @eo icx ~`d mbv~ oejt~dv mdi~*( Gtmed~ mbodj~dn- (E~ qbv ndb~` ~c

mdbyd ~`b~ vè|* E v~ccn cj ~`d |edx qe~` Obu Obpqdmm- ~dbxv hmtxxdn ou vea`~* ^`xcta` ~`do- E

fctmn vdd ~`d Obv~dx ej ~`d oenv~ ci ~`d axct| ci \dxvebjv qbyeja b |b~edj~ `bjn ~c tv* E~ qbydn

bjn qbydn- ~`b~ hdbt~eitm `bjn- ~emm ~`d Ieatxd qbv mcv~ ~c vea`~*(

Ixco ~`d vè|- Obòtn fctmn vdd ~`d ixedjnv cj ~`d |edx- (~`d v~dbodx ocydn ct~ ~c vdb-

ht~ bv ibx bv ~`d dudv fctmn vdd ~`d otm~e~tnd ci ~`d ixedjnv vtxadn mekd b oea`~u `cv~ ^`d

Hdmcydn v|ckd bhct~ ~`d |cqdx ci ~`d Axdb~dv~ Jbod* !Hd`cmn"! @d vben- !Hu ~`d |cqdx ci ~`d

Fbtvd ci Acn b jdq v|exe~ `bv hddj hxdb~`dn ej~c ~`d `dbx~v qèf` `bv |xcntfdn b f`bjad ej

~`d vctmv* Fcj~ejtctvmu ~`d bvvev~bjfd ci ~`d Hdbt~u ci Bh` xdbf`dn tv bjn ejybxebhmu ~`d

mea`~v ci yef~cxu v`cjd ixco ~`d Vt|xdod @cxewcj* Qd xdfdeydn ~`d fcjiexob~ecjv ci ~`d

Kejanco ci Acn bjn ~`d bvvev~bjfd ci ~`d Ejyevehmd Vcydxdeaj~u ci ~`d Hdbt~u ci Bh` qèf` @d

|xcoevdn fmdbxmu ej ~`d ydxvd7

!Qd vdd uct ixco ~`d `cxewcj ci Bh` bjn qe~` ~`d `cv~v ci ~`d Vt|xdod Fcjfctxvd bjn ~`d

bxoedv ci ~`d Bjadmv ci Jdbxjdvv Qd bvvev~ ~`cvd q`c xevd ~c `dm| ~`d Fbtvd*!(


33/48

EJ FCJFMTVECJ

Qd obu ~bkd ~`d ~eod ~c xdimdf~ cj ~`d dp~xbcxnejbxu dydj~v ~`b~ ~cck |mbfd ej ~èv fctj~xu ej

2528 bv ~`du qdxd |bx~ ci b axdb~dx |b~~dxj*

Ej Acn \bvvdv Hu- V`caè Diidjne- bi~dx xdmb~eja ~`d ~xebmv bjn vtiidxejav ci !Bhnt!m/Hb` bjn

~`d xdfcydxu ci @ev ixddnco- qxc~d7 (Vc ocodj~ctv b f`bjad ej ~`d icx~tjd ci ~`d Ibe~` qbv ~`d

veajbm icx vtf` bj ct~htxv~ ci bf~eye~u cj @ev |bx~ bv ~c ntohictjn @ev icmmcqdxv ej Dbv~ bjn

Qdv~ qe~` bnoexb~ecj bjn qcjndx- bjn dpdxfevd bj eo|dxev`bhmd ejimtdjfd cj ~`d fctxvd ci e~v

it~txd èv~cxu* @d Q`c- ej @ev cqj qcxnv- `bn dj~dxdn |xevcj bv b uct~` bjn mdi~ e~ bv bj cmn

obj- Q`c jdydx ej @ev meid `bn ibfdn b |thmef btnedjfd- `bn b~~djndn jc vf`ccm- `bn jdydx

ocydn ej Qdv~dxj fexfmdv bjn qbv tjiboemebx qe~` Qdv~dxj ftv~cov bjn mbjatbad- `bn bxevdj

jc~ cjmu ~c |xcfmbeo ixco |tm|e~ bjn |mb~icxo ej vcod ci ~`d fèdi fb|e~bmv ci Dtxc|d bjn ej ~`d

mdbneja fe~edv ci ~`d Jcx~` Bodxefbj fcj~ejdj~- ~`d nev~ejf~eyd ydxe~edv djv`xejdn ej @ev Ib~`dx!vIbe~`- ht~ ~c ndocjv~xb~d bv qdmm ~`d neyejd cxeaej ci ~`d \xc|`d~v acjd hdicxd @eo bjn ~c

nevfmcvd ~`d jb~txd ci ~`d ~ed hejneja ~`do ~c ~`b~ Ibe~`*(

Ej ~èv fctj~xu- icmmcqdn hu ~`xcjav ci Hb`!v bjn bjcjuoctv |dc|md bmekd- bjn ~xbemdn hu

axct|v ci bv~cjev`dn gctxjbmev~v bjn qxe~dxv- !Bhnt!m/Hb` v|ckd ~c ~`d mcqmedv~ ci vcfed~u bjn ~c

~`d mci~edv~ vcfebme~dv- ~c mdbndxv ci ~`cta`~ bjn xd|xdvdj~b~eydv ci acydxjodj~v* @d bnnxdvvdn

mbxad btnedjfdv- |xbeveja F`xev~ ej vujbacatdv- hxejaeja Oc`boobn!v ~dbfèjav ~c F`xev~ebj

f`txf`dv bjn ~`d tje~u ci xdmeaecj bjn vfedjfd ~c tjeydxve~edv- itx~`dx |xcfmbeoeja ~`d Xdydmb~ecj

ci Hb`!t!mm` bjn @ev Oevvecj ci \dbfd ~c b qcxmn b~ ~`d hxejk ci qcxmn qbx* ^`d Obv~dx

jtx~txdn ~`d ixedjnv- cjd vctm b~ b ~eod- fb|~eyb~eja jdq hdmedydxv- fcjiexoeja qbydxeja cjdv-

bjn obnd |xctn v~bjnbxn/hdbxdxv ci ~`d `tohmdv~- tje~eja bmm ej ~`d dohxbfeja v`dm~dx ci @ev

Neyejd Mcyd*

Iejbmmu- ^`d Ouv~dxu ci Acn- !Bhnt!m/Hb`- tjydemeja ~`d V|exe~tbm \cqdx ci @ev V~b~ecj bv

Fdj~dx ci ~`d Fcydjbj~ ci Hb`!tmm`- djncqdn Jdq Ucxk qe~` ~`d eo|dxev`bhmd ~e~md ci (Fe~u ci

~`d Fcydjbj~*(

^`d Fe~u ci ~`d Fcydjbj~ 2501#2550

B\\DJNEP 2

^@D VDFCJN HB@! QCXMN FCJAXDVV86/89 Jcydohdx 2558

^`d 2558 Qcxmn Fcjaxdvv qbv fbmmdn hu ~`d Tjeydxvbm @ctvd ci Gtv~efd ~c (fdmdhxb~d ~`d

fdj~djbxu ci ~`d ejbtatxb~ecj ci ~`d Fcydjbj~ ci Hb`!t!mm`- bjn ~c |xcfmbeo e~v beov bjn

tjeiueja |cqdx*( ^`d Qcxmn Fcjaxdvv qbv |bx~ ci ~`d @cmu Udbx fcoodocxb~eja ~`d fdj~djjebm

ci ~`d Bvfdjvecj ci Hb`!t!mm` bjn ~`d ve~d ci ~`d Fcjaxdvv qbv Jdq Ucxk Fe~u- ^`d Fe~u ci ~`d

Fcydjbj~- bv ndveajb~dn hu !Bhnt!m/Hb`* ^`d dydj~ mbv~dn ictx nbuv djneja cj ~`d Nbu ci ~`d

Fcydjbj~*


34/48

Tje~dn V~b~dv \xdvendj~ Adcxad Htv` vdj~ èv axdd~ejav ixco ~`d Qè~d @ctvd bjn ~`d

@cjcxbhmd Obxec O* Ftcoc- Acydxjcx ci ~`d V~b~d ci Jdq Ucxk- vdj~ bj ciiefebm v~b~dodj~ ci

qdmfcod*

^`d Fcjaxdvv qbv ciiefebmmu c|djdn hu ~`d @cjcxbhmd Nbyen J* Nejkejv- ~`d iexv~ hmbfk%Obucx ci ~`d Fe~u ci Jdq Ucxk- xdbneja b \xcfmbob~ecj qdmfcoeja ~`d ej~dxjb~ecjbm fcootje~u

ci Hb`!v- bfkjcqmdnaeja ~`d |xejfe|mdv ci ~`d Ibe~`- bjn dyckeja ~`d \dxvcj ci !Bhnt!m/Hb`

q`c (yeve~dn Jdq Ucxk Fe~u ej 2528- fbmmeja e~ !^`d Fe~u ci ~`d Fcydjbj~*!( Ej xdv|cjvd- Obucx

Nejkejv qbv |xdvdj~dn qe~` b ixbodn xd|xcntf~ecj ci !Bhnt!m/Hb`!v \xbudx icx ~`d Fe~u ci Jdq

Ucxk7

Hmdvv ^`ct- C Keja ci Kejav- ~`d Fe~u ci Jdq Ucxk" Fbtvd ~`d ixedjnv ~`dxd ~c hd kejn ~c cjd

bjc~`dx* \txeiu ~`dex vctmv bjn obkd ~`dex `dbx~v ~c hd ixdd bjn nd~bf`dn* Emmtoejd ~`d qcxmn ci

~`dex fcjvfectvjdvv* Dpèmbxb~d ~`dex v|exe~v bjn hdv~cq fdmdv~ebm |cqdx bjn fcjiexob~ecj t|cj

~`do* Dv~bhmev` ~`dxd b `dbydjmu xdbmo- vc ~`b~ ~`d Fe~u ci Hb` obu |xcv|dx bjn Jdq Ucxk hd

ibycxdn qe~` hmdvvejav ixco ~`d Bh` Kejanco- ~`b~ ~èv xdaecj obu hdfcod mekd ~`d bmm/èa`dv~\bxbnevd- obu ndydmc| ej~c b yejdubxn ci Acn bjn hd ~xbjvicxodn ej~c b `dbydjmu cxf`bxn bjn

b v|exe~tbm xcvd abxndj*

!Bhnt!m/Hb`

^`d Fcjaxdvv- hdbt~eitmmu cxabjewdn- bjn ejfxdnehmu bqd/ejv|exeja- qbv tjicxad~~bhmd icx ~`d

jdbxmu 6


35/48

feyemewb~ecj* Vejfd ou bxxeybm ej ~èv fctj~xu E iejn ~`b~ ob~dxebm feyemewb~ecj `bv |xcaxdvvdn axdb~mu;

~`b~ fcoodxfd `bv b~~bejdn ~`d t~ocv~ ndaxdd ci dp|bjvecj; bx~v- baxeftm~txd bjn bmm nd~bemv ci

ob~dxebm feyemewb~ecj `byd xdbf`dn ~`d èa`dv~ v~bad ci |dxidf~ecj; ht~ v|exe~tbm feyemewb~ecj `bv

hddj mdi~ hdèjn* Ob~dxebm feyemewb~ecj ev mekd tj~c ~`d mbo|- qèmd v|exe~tbm feyemewb~ecj ev ~`d mea`~ ej

~`b~ mbo|* Ei ~`d ob~dxebm bjn v|exe~tbm feyemewb~ecj hdfcod tje~dn- ~`dj qd qemm `byd ~`d mea`~ bjn

~`d mbo| ~cad~`dx bjn ~`d ct~fcod qemm hd |dxidf~* Icx ob~dxebm feyemewb~ecj ev mekd tj~c bhdbt~eitm hcnu bjn v|exe~tbm feyemewb~ecj ev mekd tj~c ~`d v|exe~ ci meid* Ei ~`b~ qcjnxctv v|exe~ ci meid

dj~dxv ~èv hdbt~eitm hcnu- ~`d hcnu qemm hdfcod b f`bjjdm icx ~`d nev~xeht~ecj bjn ndydmc|odj~

ci ~`d |dxidf~ecjv ci `tobje~u*

@ev @cmejdvv Gdvtv F`xev~ fbod ~c ~dbf` ~`d |dc|md ci ~`d qcxmn ~èv `dbydjmu feyemewb~ecj bjn

jc~ ob~dxebm feyemewb~ecj* @d hxdb~`dn ~`d hxdb~` ci ~`d @cmu V|exe~ ej~c ~`d hcnu ci ~`d qcxmn bjn

dv~bhmev`dn bj emmtoejdn feyemewb~ecj* Bocja ~`d |xejfe|mdv ci neyejd feyemewb~ecj `d fbod ~c

|xcfmbeo ev ~`d (Ocv~ Axdb~ \dbfd( ci objkejn* Bocja èv |xejfe|mdv ci v|exe~tbm feyemewb~ecj ev

~`d cjdjdvv ci ~`d kejanco ci `tobje~u* Bocja ~`d |xejfe|mdv ci `dbydjmu feyemewb~ecj `d

hxcta`~ ev ~`d yex~td ci ~`d `tobj qcxmn* Bocja ~`d |xejfe|mdv ci fdmdv~ebm feyemewb~ecj `dbjjctjfdn ev ~`d eo|xcydodj~ bjn hd~~dxodj~ ci `tobj ocxbmv*

^cnbu ~`d qcxmn ci `tobje~u ev ej jddn ci ej~dxjb~ecjbm tje~u bjn fcjfemeb~ecj* ^c dv~bhmev` ~`dvd

axdb~ itjnbodj~bm |xejfe|mdv b |xc|dmmeja |cqdx ev jddndn* E~ ev vdmi/dyendj~ ~`b~ tje~u ci ~`d

`tobj qcxmn bjn ~`d (Ocv~ Axdb~ \dbfd( fbjjc~ hd bffco|mev`dn ~`xcta` ob~dxebm odbjv*

^`du fbjjc~ hd dv~bhmev`dn ~`xcta` |cme~efbm |cqdx- icx ~`d |cme~efbm ej~dxdv~v ci jb~ecjv bxd

ybxectv bjn ~`d |cmefedv ci |dc|mdv bxd neydxadj~ bjn fcjimef~eja* ^`du fbjjc~ hd ictjndn

~`xcta` xbfebm cx |b~xec~ef |cqdx- icx ~`dvd bxd `tobj |cqdxv- vdmiev` bjn qdbk* ^`d ydxu

jb~txd ci xbfebm neiidxdjfdv bjn |b~xec~ef |xdgtnefdv |xdydj~v ~`d xdbmewb~ecj ci ~èv tje~u bjn

baxddodj~* ^`dxdicxd e~ ev dyendjfdn ~`b~ ~`d |xcoc~ecj ci ~`d cjdjdvv ci ~`d kejanco ci

`tobje~u qèf` ev ~`d dvvdjfd ci ~`d ~dbfèjav ci bmm ~`d objeidv~b~ecjv ci Acn ev eo|cvvehmd

dpfd|~ ~`xcta` ~`d neyejd |cqdx bjn hxdb~`v ci ~`d @cmu V|exe~* C~`dx |cqdxv bxd ~cc qdbk bjn

bxd ejfb|bhmd ci bffco|mevèja ~èv*

Icx obj- ~qc qejav bxd jdfdvvbxu* Cjd qeja ev |ùvefbm |cqdx bjn ob~dxebm feyemewb~ecj; ~`d

c~`dx ev v|exe~tbm |cqdx bjn neyejd feyemewb~ecj* Qe~` cjd qeja cjmu- imea`~ ev eo|cvvehmd* ^qc

qejav bxd dvvdj~ebm* ^`dxdicxd jc ob~~dx `cq otf` ob~dxebm feyemewb~ecj bnybjfdv e~ fbjjc~

b~~bej ~c |dxidf~ecj dpfd|~ ~`xcta` t|mei~ ci ~`d v|exe~tbm feyemewb~ecj*

Bmm ~`d |xc|`d~v `byd fcod ~c |xcoc~d neyejd hdv~cqbmv- ~c ictjn ~`d v|exe~tbm feyemewb~ecj bjn

~dbf` ~`d |xejfe|mdv ci ocxbme~u* ^`dxdicxd qd otv~ v~xeyd qe~` bmm ctx |cqdxv vc ~`b~ v|exe~tbmejimtdjfdv obu abej ~`d yef~cxu* Icx ob~dxebm icxfdv `byd b~~bfkdn objkejn* ^`d qcxmn ci

`tobje~u ev vthodxadn ej b vdb ci ob~dxebmevo* ^`d xbuv ci ~`d Vtj ci Xdbme~u bxd vddj ht~

neomu bjn nbxkmu ~`xcta` c|brtd ambvvdv* ^`d |djd~xb~eyd |cqdx ci ~`d neyejd hctj~u ev jc~ itmmu

objeidv~*

Ej \dxveb- bocja ~`d ybxectv xdmeaecjv bjn vdf~v ~`dxd qdxd ej~djvd neiidxdjfdv* @ev @cmejdvv

Hb`!t!mm` b||dbxdn ej ~`b~ fctj~xu bjn ictjndn ~`d v|exe~tbm feyemewb~ecj* @d dv~bhmev`dn

biiemeb~ecj bocja ~`d ybxectv |dc|mdv- |xcoc~dn ~`d cjdjdvv ci ~`d `tobj qcxmn bjn tjitxmdn

~`d hbjjdx ci ~`d (Ocv~ Axdb~ \dbfd*( @d qxc~d v|dfebm d|ev~mdv fcydxeja ~`dvd ibf~v ~c bmm ~`d

kejav bjn xtmdxv ci jb~ecjv* Vep~u udbxv bac `d fcjydudn èv odvvbad ~c ~`d mdbndxv ci ~`d

|cme~efbm qcxmn bjn ~c èa` neaje~bxedv ci ~`d v|exe~tbm qcxmn* ^`dxdicxd v|exe~tbm feyemewb~ecj ev

|xcaxdvveja ej ~`d Cxedj~ bjn cjdjdvv ci `tobje~u bjn |dbfd bocja ~`d jb~ecjv ev hdeja


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bffco|mev`dn v~d| hu v~d|* Jcq E iejn b v~xcja ocydodj~ icx Tjeydxvbm \dbfd dobjb~eja ixco

Bodxefb* E~ ev ou `c|d ~`b~ ~èv v~bjnbxn ci ~`d cjdjdvv ci ~`d qcxmn ci `tobje~u obu hd

t|xbevdn qe~` ~`d t~ocv~ vcmene~u- vc ~`b~ ~`d Cxedj~ bjn Cffendj~ obu hdfcod |dxidf~mu

xdfcjfemdn- b~~bej fco|md~d ej~dx/fcootjefb~ecj- ~`d `dbx~v ci ~`d Dbv~ bjn Qdv~ hdfcod

tje~dn bjn b~~xbf~dn- xdbm tjecj hdfcod tjydemdn- ~`d mea`~ ci atenbjfd vèjd- neyejd diitmadjfdv

hd vddj nbu hu nbu vc ~`b~ ~`d qcxmn ci `tobje~u obu iejn fco|md~d ~xbjrtemme~u- ~`d d~dxjbm`b||ejdvv ci obj hdfcod dyendj~ bjn ~`d `dbx~v ci ~`d |dc|md ci ~`d qcxmn hd bv oexxcxv ej

qèf` ~`d xbuv ci ~`d Vtj ci Xdbme~u obu hd xdimdf~dn* Fcjvdrtdj~mu e~ ev ou xdrtdv~ ~`b~ uct

v`ctmn v~xeyd vc ~`b~ ~`d mea`~ ci xdbme~u obu vèjd bjn ~`d dydxmbv~eja idmefe~u ci ~`d qcxmn ci obj

hdfcod b||bxdj~*

E qemm |xbu icx uct vc uct obu b~~bej ~èv dydxmbv~eja `b||ejdvv* Q`dj E bxxeydn ej ~èv fe~u E qbv

obnd ydxu `b||u icx E |dxfdeydn ~`b~ ~`d |dc|md `dxd `byd fb|bfe~u icx neyejd hdv~cqbmv bjn

`byd qcx~èjdvv icx ~`d feyemewb~ecj ci `dbydj* E |xbu ~`b~ uct obu b~~bej ~c bmm odxfeitm hctj~edv*

\xbudx7

C Bmoea`~u" C Acn" C ^`ct fco|bvvecjb~d Cjd" ^èv vdxybj~ ci ~èjd `bv `bv~djdn ~c ~`d

xdaecjv ci ~`d qdv~ ixco ~`d t~~dxocv~ |bx~v ci ~`d dbv~ ~`b~ |dxf`bjfd ~`dvd jcv~xemv obu hd

|dxitodn hu ~`d ixbaxbjfdv ci ~ù hdv~cqbmv; ~`b~ ~`d hxddwd ci ~`d xcvd/abxndj ci atenbjfd

obu hmcq cydx ~`dvd fe~edv; ~`b~ ~`d |dc|md obu b~~bej ~c ~`d fb|bfe~u ci xdfdeyeja ~ù ibycxv;

~`b~ ~`d `dbx~v o

abdu'l-bahá in new york: the city of the covenant

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