ABAP Chapter 3

Open SQL Internal Table

SAP System : 3 Tier Client/ServerSAP System : 3 Tier Client/Server

DB Server

SAP Application Server

SAP GUI Presentation

Server

SAP GUISAP GUI

SAP SYSTEM (3 Tier Architecture)SAP SYSTEM (3 Tier Architecture)

Presentation Layer

(Windows based)

Application Layer

(Windows Server/UNIX)

Database Server

Database Layer

(Windows Server/UNIX)

M

SAP Instance

Oracle

Informix

DB2

MS SQL Server

SAP DB/MaxDB

G

Dispatcher

RequestQueue

D D B V S E

SAP Buffer(Shared Mem)

SAP GUI SAP GUI

Database Server

Application Server

Dispatcher

RequestQueue

D D D D…

SAP Buffer

Program

Table

…

1

3

45

68

9

10

Report zpsm1.

Tables customers.

Select single * from

customers where id = 1.

Write: / customers-name.

Execute ABAP statement

Check Program in Program Buffer

7

Load&Gen Program

SQL Request

Send List

Generate Screen(List)Send Request

Request List

2 Search for free WP

Store request to queue

Send request to WP

SAP GUI

SAP System : Dialog Processing

TaskHandler

DYNPRO Processor

ABAP Processor

Local Memory

Memory Space

DB Interface

List buffer

Database Server

Dialog Work Process

Dialog Work Process Architecture

Result Set Memory

Open SQL SELECT ... INSERT ... UPDATE ... DELETE ...

DB InterfaceDB Interface

Data

SAP Application Server

Local Memory

DataData

Dialog WP

TaskHandler

DB Interface

Result Set

DataData

Database Server~ 32 KB in length

ABAP Processor

DYNPRO

Memory Space

List Buffer

Example Tables in DB

carrid connid cityfrom cityto distance

LH 0400 LA NY 100

LH 0402 BK NY 540

SQ 0110 SQ BK 250

id name city

1 John New York

2 Peter Singapore

3 David

London

customersspfli

Example Tables in DB

carrid connid fldate price

LH 0400 20010101

150

LH 0400 20010110

145

LH 0400 20010228

130

SQ 0110 20010226

75

sflight

Select Overview

Select <result> Which Columns?

From <table> Which Table? Into <destination> Where to

place? Where <condition> Which Lines?

Select Statement Select multiple records from

database

Select single record from database

SELECT * FROM customers. …ENDSELECT.

SELECT SINGLE * FROM customers WHERE id = 1. …

Select Multiple Records

Tables spfli. Seclect * from spfli.

write: / - -spfli carrid, spfli connid,spf -li cityto.

endselect.if - sy subrc <> 0.

write: / ‘No Data’.endif.

Dialog WPDialog WPDialog WP

TaskHandler

DYNPRO Processor

ABAP Processor

Database

Local Memory

Memory Space

DB Interface

List buffer

Result Set

SELECT Statement Working Steps

1. Transform open SQL to DB SQL and return result set into result set work area

SELECT * FROM spfli. …ENDSELECT.

SELECT * FROM spfli;

2. Loop with data in result set and transfer each record to work area in memory space

SELECT * FROM spfli. …ENDSELECT.

Table Structure in Memory Space

Select … Into Table Structure

Tables spfli. *Seclect from spfli into spfli.

write: / - -spfli carrid, spfli connid,- -spfli cityfrom, spfli cityto.

endselect.if - sy subrc <> 0.

write: / ‘No Data’.endif.

Select … Into Work AreaData wa like spfli.

*Seclect from spfli into wa. write: / wa- carrid, wa-connid,

wa- cityfrom, wa-cityto.endselect.if - sy subrc <> 0.

write: / ‘No Data’.endif.

Exercise I

customers-id customers-name

customers-city

SELECT with WHERE Clause

Loop Processing with Restriction

Tables spfli. Select * from spfli

where cityfrom = ‘FRANKFURT’. - -write: / spfli carrid, spfli cityto.endselect.

- If sy subrc <> 0. write / ‘no data’.endif.

Select With Range

Tables sflight.Select * From sflight

Where price between 100 and 1000.

Write: / sflight-carrid, sflight-connid, sflight-price.Endselect.

SELECT … With IN List

Tables sflight.Select * From sflight Where price in ( 100, 1000 ). Write: / sflight-carrid, sflight-

connid, sflight-price.Endselect.

Select Single Record

Select Single Record

Tables spfli. *Select single from spfli

where carrid = ‘LH’ and connid = ‘0400’.

- if sy subrc = 0. - -write: / spfli carrid, spfli connid,

- -spfli cityfrom, spfli cityto.else.

write: / ‘Data not found’.endif.

Select Column List

Select * : Example

SELECT *

Reading Selected Column

Data: id like customers-id, name like customers-name, city like customers-city.Select id name city into (id , name, city) from customers. write: / id, name, city.endselect.

- if sy subrc <> 0. write / ‘No Data found’.endif.

Reading Selected Column

Data: begin of wa, id like customers-id, name like customers-name, city like customers-city, end of wa.Select id name city into wa from customers. write: / wa-id, wa-name , wa-city.endselect.

- if sy subrc <> 0. write / ‘No Data found’.endif.

Select Column : Example I

Reading Selected Column

Tables customers.Select id name city into (customers-id, customers-name, customers-city) from customers. write: / customers-id, customers-name, customers-city.endselect.

- if sy subrc <> 0. write / ‘No Data found’.endif.

Select Column : Example II

Corresponding Fields of...

Tables: customers.Select id name city into corresponding fields of customers from customers. Write: / customers-id, customers-name, customers-city.Endselect.

Select Statement : Special Topics

DB Count : SY-DBCNT

Tables customers.Select * from customers. write: / sy-dbcnt, customers-id, customers-name.endselect.

- if sy subrc <> 0. write: / ‘No Data found’.else. write: / sy-dbcnt, ‘Record found’.endif.

SELECT … ORDER BY ...

Tables: spfli.Select * from spfli

Order by cityfrom. Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid,

spfli-cityfrom.Endselect.

SELECT … With Template

Tables customers. Select * From customers

Where name Like ‘_r%’. Write: /

- -customers id,customers name.Endselect.

Aggregate Functions Data: maxdat -like sflight distance,

mindat -like sflight distance, counter type I.

Select COUNT *( ) MIN ( distance ) MAX ( distan ce )

into (counter ,min dat, maxdat) from spfli.

Write: / ‘Count :’ , counter, / ‘Min :’ , mindat, / ‘Max :’ , maxdat.

Aggregate Functions : COUNT,MIN,MAX,AVG and SUM

SELECT … GROUP BY ...Data: carrid like sflight-carrid, mindat Type P Decimals 2, maxdat Type P Decimals 2.Select carrid Min( price ) Max( price ) Into (carrid, mindat, maxdat) From sflight Group by carrid. Write: / carrid, mindat, maxdat.Endselect.

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carrid connid fldate Price

LH 0400 20010101

150

LH 0400 20010110

145

LH 0400 20010228

130

SQ 0110 20010226

75

sflight

Sub Query

tables customers.select * from customers where id <> 1 and city = ( select city from customers where id = 1 ). write: / customers-id, customers-name.endselect.

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Exercise I

customers-id customers-name

customers-city

ห้!ามีใช้! SELECT *

Exercise II

usr02-ltimeusr02-trdatusr02-bname

ห้!ามีใช้! SELECT *

ABAP : Inner Join

Tables Join

carrid connid cityfrom cityto distance

LH 0400 NY BK 100

LH 0402 BK NY 540

SQ 0110 SQ BK 250

carrid connid fldate price

LH 0400 20010101

150

LH 0400 20010110

145

LH 0400 20010228

130

SQ 0110 20010226

75

sflightspfli

Tables Join

Question: Select carrid, connid and cityto from spfli and fldate,price from sflight where carrid = ‘LH’

spfli-carrid spfli-connid sflight-fldate spfli-cityto sflight-price

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Standard SQL

Select spfli.carrid, spfli.connid, sflight.fldate, sflight.price From spfli, sflight Where spfli.carrid = sflight.carrid and spfli.connid = sflight.connid and

spfli.carrid = ‘LH’;

Tables Join Methods Nested select statement Internal table View Inner join of Select statement

Nested Select Statement

Tables: spfli,sflight.Select * from spfli where carrid = ‘LH’. Select * from sflight where carrid = spfli-carrid and connid = spfli-connid. Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, sflight-price. Endselect.Endselect.

Open SQL – Inner JoinTables: spfli,sflight.Select spfli~carrid spfli~connid sflight~fldate spfli~cityto

sflight~price into (spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, spfli-cityto, sflight-

price) from spfli inner join sflight on spfli~carrid = sflight~carrid and spfli~connid = sflight~connid where spfli~carrid = ‘LH’. Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, spfli-cityto, sflight-price.Endselect.

Open SQL – Inner JoinTables: A,B.Select A~a B~b B~c into (A-a,B-b,B-c) from A inner join B on A~b = B~b. Write: / A-a,B-b,B-c.Endselect.

a ba1 b1

a2 b2

Table : A

b cb1 c1

b2 c2

b3 c3

Table : B

A-a B-b B-c

Open SQL – Inner Join

a ba1 b1

a2 b2

Table : Ab cb1 c1

b2 c2

b3 c3

Table : B

A~a B~b B~ca1 b1 c1

a2 b2 c2

Single Result Table(Result set)

Select …

inner join..

Endselect.

Database

Server

Application Server

1

2

Open SQL – Alias Table Name

Tables: spfli,sflight.Select a~carrid a~connid b~fldate a~cityto b~price into (spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, spfli-cityto, sflight-

price) from spfli as a inner join sflight as b on a~carrid = b~carrid and a~connid = b~connid where a~carrid = ‘LH’. Write: / spfli-carrid, spfli-connid, sflight-fldate, spfli-cityto, sflight-

price.Endselect.

Inner Join/Outer Join Example

id

name city tel

1 John New York 111111

2 Peter London 222222

3 David Singapore

432555

4 Micheal Bangkok 234111

p_id prod_name on_hand

A1 Pen 100

A2 Pencil 125

B1 Ruler 80

X1 Tape 120

Y1 CD 99

cust_id prod_id sale_date

qty sale_id

1 A1 20020318

10 01

1 A2 20020318

50 01

3 X1 20020321

90 02

sale_id name

01 Somchai

02 Pipop

ZPRODUCTS

ZSALES

ZSALEREPS ZCUSTOMERS

Open SQL – Inner Join

REPORT ZINNERJOIN01 .TABLES: ZCUSTOMERS,ZSALES.SELECT A~NAME B~PROD_ID INTO (ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID) FROM ZSALES AS B INNER JOIN ZCUSTOMERS AS A ON B~CUST_ID = A~ID. WRITE: / ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID.ENDSELECT.

Open SQL – Inner Join > 2 Tables

Tables: A,B,C.Select A~a B~c C~y into (A-a,B-c,C-y) from A inner join B on A~b = B~b inner join C on C~x = B~c. Write: / A-a,B-c,C-y.Endselect.

a b… …

Table : A

b c… ...

… ...

… …

Table : B

x y… ...

Table : CA-a B-c C-y

Open SQL – Inner Join > 2 Tables

REPORT ZINNERJOIN02 .TABLES: ZCUSTOMERS,ZPRODUCTS,ZSALES.SELECT A~NAME C~PROD_NAME B~QTY INTO (ZCUSTOMERS-NAME, ZPRODUCTS-PROD_NAME, ZSALES-QTY) FROM ZSALES AS B INNER JOIN ZCUSTOMERS AS A ON B~CUST_ID = A~ID INNER JOIN ZPRODUCTS AS C ON C~P_ID = B~PROD_ID. WRITE: / ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZPRODUCTS-PROD_NAME,ZSALES-

QTY.ENDSELECT.

Exercise

List customers who buy product from company as following fields:

zcustomers-id zcustomers-name zsales-sale_date zproducts-prod_name zsales-qty zsalereps-name

Exercise : User Master

USR02-BNAME USR02-TRDAT ADCP-TEL_NUMBER

USR02

USR21

ADCP

BNAME

PERSNUMBER

ADDRNUMBER

Tables Relationship

ABAP : Outer Join

Open SQL – Outer JoinREPORT ZOUTERJOIN .TABLES: ZCUSTOMERS,ZSALES.SELECT A~NAME B~PROD_ID INTO (ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID) FROM ZCUSTOMERS AS A LEFT OUTER JOIN

ZSALES AS B ON A~ID = B~CUST_ID. WRITE: / ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID.ENDSELECT.

A~NAME B~PROD_ID

John A1

John A2

Peter

David X1

Micheal

Single Result Table

Exercise

List customers name who do not buy any product from company

Sub Query

REPORT ZSUBQUERY .tables: zcustomers.select * from zcustomers as a where not exists ( select * from zsales as b where b~cust_id = a~id ). write: / zcustomers-name.endselect.

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Internal Table

Data Objects in ABAPData Objects in ABAP

Memory Space

Structure

Table Structure Internal Table

Variable

Constants<Field-symbols>

INTERNAL TABLEFlight (Structure)

Carrid Connid Date Price

Internal TableFlight (Internal Table)

Carrid Connid Date Price

Header Line

Structure

Data: Begin of flight,carrid -like sflight carrid,connid -like sflight connid,date -like sflight fldate,price -like sflight price.

Data: End of flight.

- flight carrid = ‘LH’.

Write: -/ flight carrid.

INTERNAL TABLEData: begin of tab occurs 10,

carrid like sflight-carrid,connid like sflight-connid,fldate like sflight-fldate,price like sflight-price.

Data end of tab.

USING ABAP DICTIONARY STRUCTURE

Data: begin of tab occurs 0.Include structure sflight.

Data end of tab.

INTERNAL TABLE USING LIKE

Data tab LIKE sflight OCCURS 0 WITH HEADER LINE.

FILLING INTERNAL TABLE (APPEND)

Tables sflight.Data flight like sflight occurs 0 with header line.Select * from sflight. Move sflight to flight. Append flight.Endselect.

Standard Key of Internal Table

Data: begin of tab occurs 0, f1 type C, f2 type I, f3 type N, f4 type P, end of tab.

f1 f2 f3 f4

tab

Reading Data From Internal Table

0Data tab like sflight occurs with header line. ** **** ******* **** ***** ***.** **-***** = 0. ** ****. - *** -******: / , . .Else. Write: / ‘No Data’.Endif.

Access Database Without Internal Table

Access Database Using Internal Table

Reading Data From Internal Table****: begin of ****** *0 , id like customers-id, name like customers-name, end of tab.

Select id name from customers **** ***** ***.If sy-subrc = 0. Loop at tab. - Write: / tab id, tab-name. Endloop.else. Write: / ‘ ’ .Endif.

Exercise I : Change

Using Internal Table

SORTING INTERNAL TABLE (SORT)

Sort flight.Sort flight by price fldate.Sort flight by price ascending

fldate descending.

Data tab like spfli occurs 0 with header line.

Select * from spfli into table tab.Sort tab by cityfrom.…Loop at tab. write: / tab-carrid, tab-connid,tab-cityfrom.Endloop.

SORTING INTERNAL TABLE

PROCESSING INTERNAL TABLE...

Loop at flight. - -Write: / flight carrid, flight connid.Endloop.

Loop at flight where carrid = ‘LH’. -Write: / flight carrid, -flight connid.Endloop. Loop at flight from 1 to 10. Write: / -sy tabix , -flight carrid, -flight connid.Endloop.

Internal Table Template Condition

...loop at tab where name cp ‘+r*’....

Reading Single Record...

Sort flight by carrid connid fldate. Read table flight

with key c arrid = ‘LH’ c onnid = ‘0400’ fldate = ‘19990201’ Binary Search.

- if sy subrc = 0. - -write : / flight carrid,flight connid,

flight-fldate, -flight price. endif.

Reading Single Record using Index

... Read table flight index 3.

- If sy subrc = 0. -write: / flight carrid, flight-connid.

Endif.

CHANGING INTERNAL TABLE

...Delete flight index 5.Delete ffffff f ffff ffffff f fff ff

- flight carrid = ‘XX’.flight-price = 100.… fffff ff1 .

DELETING INTERNAL TABLE

Clear flight.

Refresh flight.

Free flight.

DATA flight LIKE sflight occurs 0 with header line.

Total Record of Internal TableTotal Record of Internal Table

Data: line_count type i.Data tab like sflight occurs 0 with header li

ne.Select * from sflight into table tab.Describe table tab lines line_count.Write: / line_count.

Exercise I

Internal Table Processing

Data tab like spfli occurs 0 with Header line.

…Select * from spfli appending table tab where carrid = ‘LH’.

SELECT … INNER JOIN

REPORT ZINNERJOIN01 .TABLES: ZCUSTOMERS,ZSALES.SELECT A~NAME B~PROD_ID INTO (ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID) FROM ZSALES AS B INNER JOIN ZCUSTOMERS AS A ON B~CUST_ID = A~ID. WRITE: / ZCUSTOMERS-NAME,ZSALES-PROD_ID.ENDSELECT.

Inner Join into Internal Table

REPORT ZJOIN01 .DATA: begin of tab occurs 0, name like zcustomers-name, prod_id like zsales-prod_id, end of tab. SELECT A~NAME B~PROD_ID INTO TABLE tab FROM ZSALES AS B INNER JOIN ZCUSTOMERS AS A ON B~CUST_ID = A~ID.…LOOP AT tab. WRITE: / TAB-NAME,TAB-PROD_ID.ENDLOOP.

Internal Table Without Header LineDATA tab LIKE customers OCCURS 0.

DATA wa LIKE customers.

…

LOOP AT tab INTO wa.

WRITE: / wa-id, wa-name.

ENDLOOP.

Internal Table Declaration

DATA tab TYPE TABLE OF customers.

DATA wa LIKE LINE OF customers.

…

ABAP Practice

Database Table Processing

INSERT UPDATE MODIFY DELETE

Database

Insert (Table)

Tables customers.- customers id = ‘999’.- customers name = ‘Test’.

Insert customers. - if sy subrc <> 0.

****** * ***** ******* ******** endif.

Update Statement

Tables customers.Select single * from customers

where id = 1.If sy-subrc = 0. customers-name = ‘John’. update customers.Endif. Update customers

set name = ‘John’ where id = 1.

Update Statement

Data wa like ****** ****wa- 1id = ‘ ’.wa-nam e = ‘Test No 1’.wa-city = ‘Bangkok’.update customers from wa*If sy-subrc <> 0. write: / ‘Data not found’.Endif.

Modify Statement

Tables customers.- customers id = ‘1’.- customers name = ‘Test No 1’.

* ***** ****** ****

Deleting Database Table Entries

Tables customers.- customers id = ‘1’.

Delete customers.

Delete customers From Tabledelcustomers.

Delete From customers Where city = ‘ Bangkok**

Exercise II

Exercise II

usr02-ltimeusr02-trdatusr02-bname

1. ห้!ามีใช้! SELECT * 2. ใช้! Internal Table

Exercise III

Tables Relationship for User Master

USR02-BNAME USR02-TRDAT ADCP-TEL_NUMBER

USR02

USR21

ADCP

BNAME

PERSNUMBER

ADDRNUMBER

Tables Relationship

Exercise III : User Master

usr02-bname

usr02-trdat

adcp-tel_number

ใช้! Internal Table