a walk through 7 th grade science. interactions of living things abiotic vs. biotic abiotic...
TRANSCRIPT
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A Walk Through 7th Grade Science
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Interactions of Living Things
Abiotic vs. Biotic
ABIOTICNonliving factor.
Light, water, heat, rocks, energy,
minerals.
BIOTICLiving factor.
Animals, plants,
bacteria.
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• Dichotomous Key: – An aid that is used to identify organisms based on
the answers to a series of questions.
Interactions of Living Things
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Interactions of Living Things
• Ecosystem: A community of living organisms and their interrelated physical and chemical environment.
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Interactions of Living Things
• Biological Diversity: The variety and complexity of species present and interacting in an ecosystem and the relative abundance of each.
• BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY IS A GOOD THING!
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Interactions of Living Things
• Niche: The role played by an organism in an ecosystem; its food preferences, requirements for shelter, special behaviors and interactions with other organisms in its habitat.
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Interactions of Living Things
• Trophic Levels
What happens to the amount of energy?
•Producer•Herbivore•Carnivore•Consumer•Omnivore
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Interactions of Living Things
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Interactions of Living Things
• Equilibrium: The ability of an ecosystem to maintain stability among its biological resources.
• Homeostasis: The tendency for a system to remain in a state of equilibrium by resisting change.
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Plants
• Photosynthesis: Process by which plants, algae, and some bacteria use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to make food.
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Plants• Chlorophyll: A green pigment that captures
light energy for photosynthesis.This is what makes plants green!
• Stomata: Opening in a leaf that allows gas exchange.
• Transpiration: The process by which plants release water vapor into the air.
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Cycles• Carbon Cycle
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Cycles• Water Cycle
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Cycles• Succession: The series of changes that occur
in an ecosystem with the passing of time.
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Cells
• Cell: The smallest unit that can perform all life processes.
• Cell Cycle: The life cycle of a cell.
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Cells
• Cell Theory1. All living things are composed of cells2. Cells are the basic function and structure of life3. All cells come from other cells
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Cells
• Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic
No Nucleus!
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Cells
• Cell Processes– Diffusion – movement of particles from region of high
density to low density– Osmosis – movement of water through a membrane– Active Transport – moving substances across cell
membrane (requires ENERGY from cell)– Passive Transport – moving substances across cell
membrane (no energy required)– Enzymes – protein that speeds up a chemical reaction
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Mitosis and Meiosis
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Cells
• In case you thought cells were boring…http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zafJKbMPA8
• What are the two different types of cells?– Plant and Animal
• What are the components of cells called?– Organelles
• Which organelle controls the cell?– Nucleus
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Levels of Organization
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Types of Reproduction
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Guess the Type of ReproductionVegetative ReproductionFission
CloningMitotic Cell Division
BuddingRegeneration
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Structure = Function
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Heredity
• Dominant Trait - CAPITAL LETTERS• Recessive Trait – lower case letters• Co-Dominance – mixture of both• Example:– In purple people eaters, one-horn is dominant and
no horns is recessive.• One-horn: H• No horns: h
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Heredity
• Homozygous: Same allele• Heterozygous: Different alleles
• Example:– In purple people eaters, one-horn is dominant and
no horns is recessive.• Homozygous: HH or hh• Heterozygous: Hh
1. How creepy is this?2. What are the two possible
genotypes for this people eater (he has one horn).
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Heredity – Brain Pop!
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Quiz Yourself!
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Quiz Yourself!
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Quiz Yourself!
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Quiz Yourself!
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Practice a Punnett Square
One flower is heterozygous red (Rr) and it is crossed with a homozygous white (rr) plant. Use a Punnett square to determine the probability of one of their offspring having a red color. R r
r
r
Rr
Rr
rr
rr
50% Rr Red50% rr White
Genotype vs. Phenotype
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Genetics - Pedigrees
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Genetics
• Mutation – a change in a gene.
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Evolution
• Adaptation: A characteristic that improves an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce in a particular environment.
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Evolution
• Evolution: The process in which inherited characteristics within a population change over generations such that new species sometimes arise.
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Natural Selection
• The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less adapted individuals do.