1. REPORTED SPEECH We all know that there are two ways of relating what a person has said. It can be expressed either in: DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH

2. Changes of tenseChanges of pronounChanges of modals

3. Change of tense

4. My mother tell me that I was very naughty when I was kid. Ruchika say to me,You are a good singer. Ruchika tell me that I am a good singer.

5. CHANGES IN TENSEDirect speech Indirect speechSimple present Simple pastPresent continuous Past continuousPresent perfect Past perfectPresent perfect continuous Past perfect continuousSimple past Past perfectPast continuous Past perfect continuousPast perfect does notchangePast perfect continuous doesnot change

6. GENERAL CHANGES DIRECT SPEECH INDIRECT SPEECH THIS THAT THESE THOSE HERE THERE NOW THEN AGO BEFORE TODAY THAT DAY TONIGHT THAT NIGHT TOMORROW THE NEXT DAY YESTERDAY THE PREVIOUS DAY LAST NIGHT THE PREVIOUS NIGHT NEXT WEEK THE FOLLOWING WEEK

7. The verb SAID is changed into TOLD when an objectfollows it The comma and inverted comma are omitted andreplaced by the conjunction THAT.The verb SAID may be replaced by other wordslike: answer, reply, inform, warn, state, mention,explain,etc.Examples: The teacher said, Rohit, you are weak in English. The teacher told Rohit that you are weak in English

8. ASK ??

9. IMPORTANT RULESThe reporting verb is generally changed into verbs like ask,inquire , demand, etc.When the queestion begins with interrogative words likewho, whom, why, when, where, how, etc. no conjuction isused after the reporting verb.We use the conjunction ,whether, or if when question beginswith helping verb such as is, am, are etc. EXAMPLE: He said to me, What have you got in your bag? He asked me whether I had anything in my bag.

10. Example:- The teacher said to me, Please help Sneha in my work. The teacher requested me to help Sneha in her work

11. EXAMPLE:- Ruchika said, May God help you ! Ruchika wished that God might help you. I said to Jacob, May you be happy ! I wished Jacob that he might be happy.The old man said to me, May God bless you with good marks.The old man blessed m that God might bless me with good marks.

12. Direct speech Indirect speechmay Mightcan couldshall shouldwill would.

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