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A student’s basic guide to bibliographies and referencing:

Harvard Style

Version: July 2016

Last revised: July 2016 of 26

http://www.tafensw.edu.au/courses/tafe-nsw-degrees

Table of Contents Topic Page

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Bibliography and Reference List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

Acceptable abbreviations in the Reference List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

Examples

Books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6-7

Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, Translated books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Secondary sources, citing multiple sources, Corporate Author . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

eBooks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

Ephemera, Articles from databases, Thesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11

Newspaper, Journal & Magazine Articles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

Figures: Original / Website / Database / Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

Government Publications, Standards . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

ABS, Legal Sources - Tips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Acts of Parliament, Bills & Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

Conference papers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

Digital sources and Social Media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

Personal Communication, Lecture notes & Online Video /YouTube . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

TV & Radio Programs, Podcasts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Webpages, documents and websites – Author known / unknown . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Facebook . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Twitter, Blog Posts/ Wiki . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

Motion Pictures/ Videos/ DVDs, Music Recording . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

Sample Harvard Bibliography/Reference List . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25-26


Introduction Why reference

Most of the work you produce requires referencing to demonstrate that you have researched and considered the ideas of others in researching your topic or presenting your argument. Referencing is also necessary because it prevents you from ‘plagiarising’, which can lead to an automatic fail result. Plagiarism is using someone else’s thoughts, words or ideas and writing them as if they were your own. It is technically stealing and is a breach of ethics. Referencing tells the reader where the original idea/ information can be found. What should be referenced? Anything that you have read or heard that has influenced your writing:

• A concept or idea • A paraphrased quote • A direct quote • Personal communication • Class notes • Script or screenplay • A contestable argument

General knowledge does not need to be referenced, for example:

Canberra is the capital of Australia. But if you read that

‘The Yass – Canberra plains were chosen because of the snow in Dalgety …’ this would have to be referenced. A contestable argument that would need to be referenced may be:

It is a fact that Lady Denman, rather than the Surveyor Scrivener actually proclaimed the name Canberra.

The Harvard style is an author-date referencing system with two key components: • Citations in the text. • A reference list at the end of the paper.

In-text referencing

This is a short notation within the essay, report or written answer, indicating where the source of the information or idea can be found.

• Always include the author’s surname, the year of publication and the page number(s) if available. • If there is no author use the title of the work. • If the author is not known but the organisation which produced the work is known, list the organisation as author.


What is the difference between a Bibliography and a List of References?

A bibliography is comprehensive, as it lists all the reading you did, including background reading. A list of references, on the other hand, contains only the works you have cited in the text of your assignment.

Using referenced quotes • Use quotes wisely and don’t use too many – no more than 10% of the essay or report. • Direct quotes (word for word) should be kept to a minimum.

Avoid making your essay/report just a chain of quotes, as this does not show any evidence that you have understood or evaluated what you have read. Direct quotes (citations)

• Short quotes If the quotation is less than about thirty words, it should be contained within the text inside single quotation marks.

For example: Cultural planning in regional communities is central to providing services other than roads, rates and rubbish. Academic and arts critic Drew Blundell claimed ‘a town without art is a place without heart’ (2009, p. 60).

• Longer quotes Longer quotations should be set out as separate passages without quotation marks. The passage should be indented and typed in a smaller font or narrower line spacing than the rest of your text.

For example: Many local government advocates believe that planning in regional communities is central to providing services other than roads, rates and rubbish. This strategy is supported by academic and art critic Drew Blundell who argues that

Regional communities facing the challenges of shifting industries have the opportunity to revitalise and to tap into regional flagship programs if the community cultural programme continues. Bureaucrats bent on changing a successful program risk inflicting more harm on towns that are already hurting (2009, p. 13).

Please note that paraphrased information – ideas, concepts, thoughts and arguments from someone else that you have put in your own words - must also be referenced to acknowledge the source.

For example: Regional cultural programs are critical to the health and well being of a community (Blundell, 2009, pp. 13-17).

This guide is created and maintained by TAFE NSW Libraries. This guide is based on the Harvard style as set out in Snooks and Co. (rev.) 2002, Style manual for authors, editors and printers, 6th edn, John Wiley & Sons Australia, Milton, Qld. Copies are available from all TAFE NSW libraries.

A range of bibliography and reference guides are accessible from your TAFE NSW library website.

Before using this referencing style check for the style preferred by the Course Coordinator.

Please note: Not all links in this guide will take you directly to the webpage cited. Some may require a login to access the citation. Links may also become out of date


http://tafecat.tafensw.edu.au/uhtbin/cgisirsi/x/0/0/57/1/506/X/BLASTOFF?user_id=tafeweb

Acceptable abbreviations in the reference list include:

ch. chapter edn edition ed. (eds) editor (editors) Ltd Limited n.d. no date n.p. no place no. number p. (pp.) page (pages) ser. series suppl. supplement rev. revised vol. (vols) volume (volumes)

Some other points to note:

• Book titles are italicised. Minimal capitalisation is recommended. Capitalise only the first word of the title and any proper nouns. • Journal titles are italicised. Maximal capitalisation* is recommended There is no comma or full-stop between the authors' names and year of publication. Commas

are used to separate all other elements. Give the journal name in full e.g. Journal of Immunology not J Immunol • Reference entries always finish with a full-stop.

• Use angle brackets to contain web addresses. • Place of publication is entered as city only unless the location is ambiguous or obscure where a qualification of state or country is added. • Give the publisher as it appears in the item. Do not include the city or state if it is part of the publisher name. • No edition number is given if the source is the first edition of a publication. • In-text citation of multiple authors, use ampersand - & - before last author surname if inside brackets. Use ‘and’ before last author surname if outside brackets. • A digital object identifier (DOI) is a unique identifier with a more stable link than a URL to a publication such as a journal article. When a DOI is available, no further

retrieval information is needed to locate content. No concluding full stop is necessary following a DOI. • Viewed, “accessed” “retrieved from” “available from" are sometimes used interchangeably, but “viewed” is used in this document. • *First letters of all words in Journal title are capitalised except articles (unless articles are first word of title eg: the, a,in, of) Subtitles (after a colon) are similarly

treated.


Source In-text referencing examples Bibliography/ Reference list examples

Book - Single author The assumption that a child’s personality is largely moulded by parental nurturing has been challenged (Homer 2003, p. 27).

Homer, OJ 2003, Contemporary Australian families, Odyssey Press, Melbourne.

OR Bland (1998, pp. 1-3) argued that parents do significantly influence the personality development of their children.

OR Bland, R 1998, Are parents the problem?, 2nd edn, Papaya Press, Adelaide

OR It was argued by Shaw in 2007 (pp. 1-33) that parents do not mould the personality of their children to any significant extent

Shaw, G 2007, Healthy families, People’s Press, Prahran, Vic.

• No edition number is given if the source is the first edition of a publication

Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, Book title, Publisher, Place of Publication.

Books by multiple authors

It has been argued that early exposure to commercial television inhibits creativity in children. (Black, Smith & Carver 2006, pp. 59-63).

Black, B, Smith, H & Carver, L 2006, Idiot boxers?, Marigold Press, Melbourne.

OR Wilkinson, Blundell and Martin in 2010 (pp. 14-50), suggest that violence in the media desensitises audiences to real violence.

OR Wilkinson, K, Blundell, A & Martin, JM 2010, Violence in the media, Socialist Press, Sydney.

OR ‘Violence in cartoons can be harmful to toddlers...’ (Mason et al 2009, p. 7).

OR Mason, J, Eddie, M, Corliss, H & Black, N 2009, Pacifism is primary, Spinifex Press, Honolulu.

• If more than three authors, list the first author’s name followed by et al

• List names of all authors in bibliography/ reference list, even if more than three]

Author Surname, Initial(s), Author Surname, Initial(s) & Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, Book title, Publisher, Place of Publication.



Two or more books -one year same author

Employers look for communication skills in all areas (Rushton 2007a, pp. 27-31). R • Add a lower case letter immediately after the year to identify the correct source

Rushton, L 2007a, Communicating culture, People’s Press, Lima. Rushton, L 2007b, Facilitating integrated learning, Waratah Press, Darwin.

No author (Webster's 2000, p. 3) (Book title [usually shortened] Year, page number)

Webster's basic English dictionary 2000, Merriam-Webster, Springfield, MA. Book title Year, Publisher, Place of Publication.

No date Academic study is more challenging (Douglas n.d. p. 203) ... Douglas, G n.d. Studying at University: a student guide, Waupub, Walcha, NSW.

Edited books Climate change science is based on empirical evidence, not opinion (Parnaut 2011, p. 67)

Parnaut, H (ed.) 2011, Climate change conspiracy?, Phoenix House, Melbourne. • Refer to the editor (s) as if they were the author

Book: Chapter, essay or article in an edited book or anthology (Compiled works)

Abbott (2010, p. 32) believes the horror film… Chapter Author(s) Surname (Year, page number) if applicable • Acknowledge author of the chapter or article. Do this also for sections of books, eg prefaces, forewords and introductions • In text, cite the specific item that you use. The details of the book it was published in are listed in the reference list

Abbott, S 2010, ‘High concept thrills and chills: the horror blockbuster’, in I Conrich (ed.), Horror zone: the cultural experience of contemporary horror cinema, I.B. Tauris, London, pp. 27–44. • The entry in the reference list should appear under the name of the author of the chapter, not the editor(s) of the book • Include the name(s) of the editor(s) after the title of the chapter – note that initials in this position appear before the family name • Provide the page numbers of the entire chapter Chapter Author(s) Surname, Initial(s) Year, 'Article or Chapter title', in Initial(s) Editor Surname (ed./eds.), Book title: subtitle, Publisher, Place of Publication, page numbers of chapter.



Encyclopedias In m-commerce the token can be a symbol string …. (Khashchanskiy & Kustov 2007). • If quoting from an encyclopedia, use page numbers if in print; if online use the method for quoting from an online book • Where the author is identified for entries in print or online encyclopedias, provide the author and year as for other authored sources

Khashchanskiy, V & Kustov, A 2007, 'Acoustic data communication with mobile devices' in D Taniar (ed.), Encyclopedia of mobile computing and commerce, doi: 10.4018/978-1-59904-002-8 • Include encyclopedia sources in the reference list only where the author is identified for individual entries • The web address should be the main website address, not the address of the particular entry you looked up (see examples below) • As with an online book, if the place of publication is not given you may omit it Author Surname, Initials Year, 'Title of entry', in Editor (ed.), Title of encyclopedia, doi or date viewed, database/<URL>.

Dictionaries The Macquarie dictionary (2005) defines political correctness as.. • Cite dictionaries in text by title (as per books with No Author); however, no entry in the reference list is required

Translated book Popowski’s (1796) work provides an approach to the subject that was widely popular at the time.

Popowski, E 1796, The coming of age: a discussion of rites of passage, trans. S Muller, Phoenix Press, Baulkham Hills, NSW. Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, Book title, trans. Translator Initial(s) Surname, Publisher, Place of Publication.


http://www.lib.uts.edu.au/help/referencing/harvard-uts-referencing-guide/other-sources%23dictionaries


When one author refers to another (secondary source)

Ocean acidity is rising (Brown in Jones 2010, p. 34). OR Brown (quoted in Jones 2010, p. 34) suggests that ‘acidity levels.. • Name the original author, then the author of the secondary publication which cites the original (primary) source • Use “cited in” when info about the original source is paraphrased and mentioned in the secondary source • Use “quoted” when the secondary source includes a quote from the original source/study

Jones, G 2010, Ocean acidity, Teatree Press, Darwin. • List the secondary source (the source that you read)

Citing multiple sources simultaneously in a sentence

For Flower et al. (1990); Mateos & Solé (2009); McGinley (1992) and Spivey (1997) academic reading often involves… OR Synthesising requires making decisions about organising the material from multiple sources (Flower et al. 1990; Mateos & Solé 2009; McGinley 1992; Spivey 1997).

•When quoting, for clarity quote sources separately

Flower, L, Stein, V, Ackerman, J, Kantz, MJ, McCormick, K & Peck, WC, 1990, Reading to write, Oxford University Press, New York.

Mateos, M & Solé, I 2009, 'Synthesising information from various texts: a study of procedures and products at different educational levels', European Journal of Psychology of Education, vol. 24, pp. 435-451.

McGinley, W 1992, 'The role of reading and writing while composing from multiple sources', Reading Research Quarterly, vol. 27, pp. 227-248.

Spivey, NN 1997, Reading, writing and the making of meaning: the constructivist metaphor, Academic Press, San Diego.

Corporate author (Organisation as author)

‘Restaurants reviewed ..were selected randomly and received no financial rewards’ (Australian Catering and Cafes Council 2011).

OR According to the Australian Catering and Cafes Council (2011) restaurants reviewed….

Report compiled by Engineers Without Borders Australia [EWBA] (2015) indicates that… • For corporate authors with long names, spell out the full name of the body and include an abbreviation in square brackets in the first in-text reference. See Australian Bureau of Statistics below for an example

• Use the abbreviation in subsequent references

Australian Catering and Cafes Council 2011, Good food guide, Gourmet Press, Canberra. Corporate Author Year, Book title, Publisher, Place of Publication.



eBooks

When making general comments about the whole work Michael (2000, p. 92) suggests When paraphrasing or quoting exactly, provide more detail: Michael (2000, p. 92) suggests …

• If page number is not available for a quote or paraphrase, include chapter, section, paragraph or figure number (eg, ch. 3, sec 2, para. 1, fig. 5) when available, or n.p. for no page given Michael (2000, ch. 3, para. 1) suggests … OR Michael (2000, n.p.)

Michael, A 2000, Best impressions in hospitality, Delmar Learning, Albany, N.Y., viewed 23 July 2014, Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure Collection database, <http://northcoast.tafensw.edu.au/library/Pages/eResources/electronicresources.aspx> • If you cannot find the publisher leave it out Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, eBook title, edition/version, Publisher, place (or name and place of the sponsor of the source), viewed Day Month Year, <URL either full location details or just the main site details> or Database.

eBook accessed via a database

(Woodham 2004)

Woodham, JM 2004, A dictionary of modern design, e-book, viewed 25 July 2007 from Oxford Reference Online Database

eBook accessed via an eBook reader

Smith (2008) states that…. OR (Smith 2008)

Smith, A 2008. The wealth of nations, Kindle edition, viewed 20 August 2010 from <http://www.amazon.com>. OR Smith, A 2008, The Wealth of Nations, Adobe Digital Editions version, viewed 20 August 2010, doi: 10.1036/007142363X • In lieu of publisher information, include the book’s DOI or where you downloaded the e-book from or URL if there is no DOI Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, eBook title, e-reader device, date viewed, <URL>.

eBook: Chapter, essay or article in an edited book or anthology

Harper, 2002) analyses….

OR Harper (2002, p. 182) • Author Surname (Year, page number if applicable) • Similar to an edited print book

Harper, W 2002, ‘Newton’s argument for universal gravitation’, in IB Cohen & GE Smith (eds), The Cambridge Companion to Newton, Kindle edition, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp.174-201, viewed 27/6/2016, http://www.amazon.com. Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, 'Chapter title', in Initials Editor (ed./eds), eBook title, e-reader device, Publisher, Place of publication, page numbers of chapter, date viewed, <URL>.



Ephemera*( pamphlets, brochures, factsheets, and flyers) : print Ephemera: online

Beyondblue (2010) suggests…

Author Surname OR Corporate Author (Year, page number if applicable)

(NSW Health 2011)

Beyondblue 2010, Sleeping well, Beyondblue, Hawthorn West, Vic.

Author Surname, Initial(s) OR Corporate Author Year, Title of item, Type of publication, Publisher, Place of publication.

NSW Health 2011, Welcome to the emergency department, pamphlet, NSW Health, Sydney, viewed 8 August 2012, <http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/resources/hospitals/going_to_hospital/pdf/ed_brochure.pdf>.

Author Surname, Initial(s) OR Corporate Author Year, Title of item, Type of publication, Publisher, Place of publication, date viewed, <URL>.

Articles from databases An examination of the literature (Dale & Hill 2010) showed that work related stress claims…

• Cite as you would an online journal article

Dale, P & Hill, M 2010, ‘Work overload in library professionals’, Library Journal of Australasia, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1187-99, viewed 1 November 2011, Australia and New Zealand Reference Centre database, <http://northcoast.tafensw.edu.au/library/Pages/eResources/electronicresources.aspx>.

• If using an article sourced from a database, provide the title of the database and the Internet address of the referring location

• Articles viewed in databases are usually in PDF form with page numbers

• Library-subscribed resources usually have URLs that will not work independently, so direct access URLs are not generally included when citing database resources – include instead the URL of the referring location

• Can use the words “accessed” “retrieved” “available from" or “viewed” as required

Thesis -Print

Unpublished Thesis Online Thesis

• Use the format for books if citing a published thesis

Sakunasingha 2006, p. 36) (Nassif 1984)

• Title of the unpublished thesis is not italicised and is placed in quotation marks.

Sakunasingha, B 2006, 'An empirical study into factors influencing the use of value based management tools', DBA thesis, Southern Cross University, Lismore NSW.

Author Surname of thesis, Initial(s) Year of submission. 'Title', name of degree, Institution issuing degree, Location of institution.

Nassif, N.M. 1984, 'Theoretical aspects of the continuously varying schedule process for timber drying', M Eng. thesis, University of Technology Sydney, viewed 23 November 2009, <http://hdl.handle.net/2100/263>.

Author Surname, Initial(s). (Year). Thesis title (Unpublished PhD/DBA/Masters thesis). Name of Institution, Location.



Newspaper, journal or magazine articles - print

Author known – 1 Author Jackson (2007, p. 54) reported that drug therapy in Australia... 2-3 Authors (Browne & Hemsley 2010, p. 25) 4 or more Authors (James et al. 2009, p. 249) Author unknown - the title becomes the author. ‘Australia Day has been ruined’ (‘Forget the beer and the barbie’ 2010, p. 1) • If more than three authors, list the first author’s name followed by et al • Use ampersand - & - before the last name

Author known – 1 Author Jackson, A 2007 ‘New approaches to drug therapy’, Psychology Today and Tomorrow, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 54-59 Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, 'Article title', Newspaper or Magazine Title, volume number, issue number, page range. 2-3 Authors Browne, G & Hemsley, M 2010, 'Housing and living with a mental illness: exploring carers' views', International Journal of Mental Health Nursing, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 22-9. 4 or more Authors James, KR, Hart, BT, Bailey, PCE & Blinn, DW 2009, 'Impact of secondary salinisation on freshwater ecosystems: effect of experimentally increased salinity on an intermittent floodplain wetland', Marine and Freshwater Research, vol. 60, no. 3, pp. 246-58. Author unknown – the title becomes the first entry. ‘Forget the beer and the barbie’, 2010, Lake Macquarie News, 20 December 2010, p. 1. • The names of all authors should be provided in the reference list - do not use et al • If the journal issue has both a number and an identifier such as a month or quarter, choose one and use it consistently • Journal titles are given maximum capitalisation. Only the first letter of the title is capitalised in journal articles

Newspaper, journal or magazine articles - online

(Kuttner 2003, p. 26)

Kuttner, R 2003, 'The great American pension-fund robbery', Business Week, 8 September, pp. 24-26, viewed 20 January 2012, <http://www.businessweek.com/>. • Provide the same information as you would for a printed journal/Magazine

• Newspaper article and add a retrieval statement that will identify the source of this information

• Generally it is not necessary to include database information Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, 'Article title', Newspaper or Magazine Title, Day, Month, page range, viewed Day Month Year, DOI or<URL>.



Figures: viewed in person - (include Artworks, Charts, Diagrams, Drawings, Graphs, Images, Paintings Photographs, Prints, Tables, etc)

A very colourful vase belonging to that period is Plique a jour (Gustav Gaudernack, 1907) • Names of works are italicised • Author/Artist/Creator/Designer and date in brackets after the name

Gaudernack, G 1907, Plique a jour, enamelled vase, Kunstindustrimuseet, Oslo. • The original work such as a painting you physically viewed in a Gallery or Museum, not an online representation Author/Artist/Creator/Designer Surname, Initial(s) Year, Title, Format, Dimensions (if known), Museum or Gallery, City.

Figures : Online - In website

Figure 1. (Margund Sallowksy 2006) captures the inventive building design at Bunswick Campus OR The map shows the Parish of Maroota during the 1840s (Map of the Parish of Maroota , County of Cumberland, District of Windsor 1840-1849) • Figures included in text must be numbered e.g. Figure 1. or Fig.1 or Figs. 1,2,3. Captions need to be descriptive or include the title of the image and placed directly under image • If there is no named artist/ author, use image title followed by the date • "Year" refers to the year that the image or artwork was created. If you don’t know the date, use n.d. (no date). If date is approximate, use c. (circa)

Sallowksy, M 2006, RMIT Buildings - Brunswick Campus, digital image, RMIT University, viewed 12 January 2012, <http://www.rmit.edu.au/browse;ID=218ujxd8tspl1>. Map of the Parish of Maroota, County of Cumberland, District of Windsor 1840-1849, digital image of cartographic material, National Library of Australia, viewed 13 April 2007, <http://nla.gov.au/nla.map-f829>. Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, Title, Format, Date viewed, <URL>.

Figures : Online - In database

.....(Le Corbusier Notre-Dame du Haut, exterior, Oxford Art Online database)

Le Corbusier, c. 1950-1954, Notre-Dame du Haut, exterior, Ronchamp, France, Oxford Art Online, viewed 12 January 2012, <http://www.oxfordartonline.com/subscriber/search_resultsq=le+corbusier&search=quicq>.

Figures : Print Annie Liebovitz's photographic work Robert La Fosse, New York City 1990 (Liebovitz 2002, fig. 6) captures the essence of the dancer's pain........

Liebovitz, A 2002, Dancers: photographs by Annie Liebovitz, Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington. Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, Title, Format, Publisher, Place of Publication.



Government publications – tips

• Treat a government document as a book, report, or brochure. • Often the author of government publications is a department or agency. Cite the full name (use correct capitalisation of departments or agencies

as they appear in the source) in the first instance and give the abbreviation in brackets. Then use the abbreviation in subsequent references. • If a person is named on the title page, use her or him as author. • If a document has no obvious author, cite the sponsoring agency as the author. • If the authoring organisation is also the publisher, use the author's abbreviated form in the publisher's details. • Document prepared by a branch or other division of a government agency - cite the agency as the author and acknowledge the branch or division

after the title (In-text only refer to the agency).

Government publications: Departmental author, print Departmental author, online

.. number of Australian households with access to the Internet grew in years 2008 -2009 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2010). Author Surname OR Name of Government Organization Year, page number. (Foreign Investment Review Board 2012, p. 1)

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2010, Global financial position Australia, March quarter 2010, cat. no. 6974, ABS, Canberra. Author Surname, Initial(s) OR Government Name, Name of Government Agency Year, Title (Report No. xxx [if available]), Publisher, Place of Publication. Foreign Investment Review Board (FIRB) 2012, Australia’s foreign investment framework, FIRB, Canberra, viewed 24 September 2013 <http://www.firb.gov.au/content/guidance/downloads/gn1_jan2012.pdf>. Government Name, Name of Government Agency Year, Title (Report No. xxx [if available]), Publisher, Place of Publication, viewed Day Month Year, <URL>.

Standards: print Standards: online

…and “including data in computer systems, created or received and maintained by an organisation” (Standards Australia 1996, p. 7) as well as…” Standards Australia (2000) specifies the materials and strength requirements for roof bars. OR The 'rear roof bar shall remain fixed to the roof under a force of 0,5Fa' (Standards Australia International 2000, p. 3)

Standards Australia 1996, Australian Standard AS4390: Records Management, Standards Australia, Sydney. Standards Australia International 2000, AS 1235-2000 Road vehicles: roof load carriers: roof bars, 5th edn, standards, viewed 3 February 2012, http://infostore.saiglobal.com/store/Details.aspx?ProductID=218577.



Australian Bureau of Statistics (publication – with identifying number includes report numbers, catalogue numbers, etc.)

(Australian Bureau of Statistics [ABS] 2014)

• Use 'Australian Bureau of Statistics' as the Author and ABS in subsequent citations

• If included, use ABS catalogue number after the title Use 'cat. no.' for the catalogue number (Australian Bureau of Statistics Year)

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2014, Overseas arrivals and departures, Australia, cat. no. 3401.0, ABS, viewed 3 October 2014, <http://www.abs.gov.au/AUSSTATS/[email protected]/Lookup/3401.0Main+Features1Aug%202014?OpenDocument>. Australian Bureau of Statistics Year, Title, catalogue number, ABS, viewed Day Month Year, <URL>.

Legal sources- tips • Citations of Legislation (Acts, Bills) and Cases may be integrated into the sentence or cited in round brackets at the end of the sentence. • Legislation (Acts, Bills), and Cases are cited in-text by title. • Legislation (Acts, Bills), and Cases are only included in a list of references if they are important to the understanding of the work . • Create a separate section for acts and bills within the reference list, under the sub-heading 'Legislation'. List acts and bills alphabetically. • Create a separate section for cases within the reference list, under the sub-heading 'Cases'. List cases alphabetically. • There is no full stop at the end of reference list entries for Acts, Bills or Cases. • Even if viewed electronically, Legislation (Acts, Bills), and Cases are generally referenced as if in print (unless only available electronically). • If a person is named on the title page, use her or him as author. • If a document has no obvious author, cite the sponsoring agency as the author. • If the authoring organisation is also the publisher, use the author's abbreviated form in the publisher's details.

• Legislations - Acts, Bills, Regulations, rules and by-laws, should be cited exactly - avoid altering spelling or capitalisation to suit the reference style. Articles (a, an or the) should not be omitted.

• Most Acts have a short formal title that can be used for citation purposes.

• Legislation viewed in an annotated legislation textbook is cited in Legislation format, not Book format, unless referring to the editorial commentary/analysis, rather than the legislative provision.

• Jurisdiction: - make it obvious in the text, e.g. Victoria's Equal opportunity Act 1995 prohibits' or place the abbreviated information in brackets after the date, (use Cwlth for Commonwealth Acts),e.g. the Copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth) ...

• Units of division: - For sections, you may need pinpoint reference abbreviations.. These should not appear at the beginning of a sentence. - for Acts and regulations, pinpoint references for page, paragraph, section, clause, etc. can be used . For example, s = section; pt = part,

ss. = sections. They should not appear at the beginning of a sentence. :

Examples: In ss. 4-7of the copyright Act 1968 (Cwlth) ... OR The copyright Act 1968, s.4, ...

- for Bills pinpoint references are often to clauses or subclauses. For example, cl = clause; sub-cl - for Cases pinpoint reference to a page (number), paragraph (number in square brackets), section ('s' followed by number), etc.



Legislation: Acts of Parliament

It is unlawful for an educational authority to discriminate against a person on the ground of the person's age (Age Discrimination Act 2004). … (Banking Act 1959 (Cth) s 5). Victoria's Residential Tenancies Act 1997 ... • In subsequent references do not include the date Title of the Act Year Title of the Act Year (abbreviation of the jurisdiction)

Age Discrimination Act 2004 (Cwlth). Banking Act 1959 (Cth) s 5. Residential Tenancies Act 1997 (Vic), ss. 167-187, reprint 2, Anstat, Melbourne. Title of the Act and Date of publication (abbreviation of the jurisdiction), section number(s), reprint number, Publisher, Place of Publication.

Legislation: Bills Children’s services Amendment Bill 2011, S.45A states that, 'the Secretary may decide to cancel a service approval to the extent it relates to an approved associated children's service'.

Parliament of Victoria 2011, Children’s services Amendment Bill 2011.

• When citing legal sources outside Australia, include the country

Legal Cases The State of New South Wales v. The Commonwealth (1915) 20 CLR 54 • The name of the case is italicised and the year is placed in brackets In Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZIAI [2009] HCA 39 (23 September 2009) [27], it is stated that… • A unique court identifier is an abbreviation e.g. HCA = High Court of Australia

The State of New South Wales v. The Commonwealth (1915) 20 CLR 54. … (Minister for Immigration and Citizenship v SZIAI [2009] HCA 39 (23 September 2009) [27]). Case name [Year] Unique court identifier Judgement number (Day Month Year) Pinpoint.



Conference papers: • Use minimal capitalisation for conference names , but maximal for proper nouns such as the name of the organisation included in the conference name, eg, Proceedings of the thirty-third conference of the Society for International Orienteering: ‘where are we now’

• For ‘Conference papers’, distinguish between:‘conference proceedings’: where the papers presented at a conference have been collected by by an editor(s) and published. ‘paper presented at a conference’: an (unpublished) item from a conference – not the collection of items from a conference (perhaps found on the internet or as a single manuscript

• The citation pattern will be similar to a chapter in an edited book (see above). Adapt the citation for author or editor(s). Usually, an editor collects and publishes the different papers presented at a conference as ‘the proceedings’.

Published conference paper/ Proceedings: - print

Wilde & Cox 2008, p. 115) Wilde, S & Cox, C 2008, 'Principal factors contributing to the competitiveness of tourism destinations at varying stages of development', in S Richardson, L Fredline, A Patiar & M Ternel (eds), CAUTHE 2008: tourism and hospitality research, training and practice; "Where the 'bloody hell' are we?", Griffith University, Gold Coast, Qld, pp. 115-8. • The techniques for referencing conference papers are very similar to those used when referencing a journal article. Put the conference name in italics Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, 'Title of paper', in (Initial and Surname of editors), Title of published proceedings-may include place held and date, Publisher, Place of Publication, page range.

Published conference paper/ Proceedings: - online

Gurgenci (2011 p. 81) noted that ‘the only geothermal power plant in the country is still the Birdsville geothermal power station’.

Gurgenci, H 2011, ‘What will make EGS geothermal energy a viable Australian renewable energy option?’, in AR Budd (ed.) Proceedings of the 2011 Australian geothermal energy conference, 16–18 November, Geoscience Australia, Melbourne, pp. 81–84, viewed 7 July 2016, <http://www.ga.gov.au/webtemp/image_cache/GA20166.pdf>. • For papers available online, include viewed date and URL (web site address) Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, 'Title of paper', in (Initial and Surname of editors), Title of published proceedings which may include place held and date, Publisher, Place of Publication, date held, viewed Day Month Year, <URL>.

Unpublished conference paper

(Olasoji & Draganova 2010) • Not all conference papers are collected and published in ‘proceedings’ of a conference

• For unpublished papers, include the phrase ‘paper presented at...’ before the name of the conference. You do not need to put the conference name in italics Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, 'Title of paper', paper presented to Name of the conference, Place of the conference, date held.


Using digital sources & Social Media

All sources should be evaluated for reliability, accuracy and appropriateness. Online sources often require more careful scrutiny. In the domain of online self-publishing, which includes wikis, blogs, social media and some websites, readers must be especially mindful of information that may be false, private, misleading, inflammatory or promoting hidden agendas.

You can cite blogs, wikis and social media – but that does not mean that these sources are necessarily reliable, accurate or appropriate. Social media is evolving and may not be covered specifically in the style manual. You MUST check with your teacher if it is valid to be sourcing ideas and opinions from social media sites, blogs or wikis. Are you permitted to use such sources in your assessment task?

Always ask yourself:

• Who is the author or authoring organisation – are they a reputable source and/or might they have an agenda? • Is the publication peer reviewed? • If your source has no author or date, consider whether this is a reliable source of information. Is a private post that is mere opinion or speculation, and without its own

references, an appropriate source of information for your assignment? • Is the information up to date? • What is the purpose of your assessment task?

Social networking accounts can either be open to the public or restricted to nominated readers or participants. Posts that are public should be cited in text and in the reference list. Posts from a private Facebook page, blog, email or wiki are treated as personal communication; they are cited in text, but not in the reference list. • Note: due to the nature of social media being a live update format and not about archiving, some of these pages may become inaccessible in the future


http://www.deakin.edu.au/students/study-support/referencing/harvard%23other


Personal communications

In an email dated 6 May 2011, Ms C Jones wrote “the crime was committed during daylight hours.” OR It was confirmed recently that the crime was committed during daylight hours (C Jones 2011, pers. comm., 6 May). • Information obtained by conversation, letter, interview, private social media posts or email, without supporting data is cited in the text only, NOT in the reference list • Obtain the permission of the person being referred to • Initials of the person precede the surname • Consider indicating the role of the person being cited and their organisation Initial Surname Year, pers. comm., Day Month

Lecture notes 'Illegal or unauthorised access to information does not leave a theft record' (Thomas 2010).

Thomas, B 2010, Security and controls, lecture notes, Systems Design BCO3144, Victoria University, delivered 2 September 2010. • Use the lecturer’s name as source of lecture note, add Course Name and Code Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, Title of study guide or lecture notes: subtitle, type of medium, University Name, viewed / delivered date, Unit code Blackboard site [if available].

Online video • YouTube

Not all architecture is based on right angles as highlighted in a slideshow of weird architectural styles (FDTAFDW 2008). The group set up a YouTube Channel (Monty Python’s Channel 2008) which contains a selection….. OR Fukuyama (2006) demonstrates the use of various pieces of equipment for interval training.

FDTAFDW 2008, Strange architecture, 17 July, viewed 16 February 2012, <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=waxfmSpifRw&feature=related>. Monty Python’s Channel 2008, YouTube, viewed 29 September 2010, <http://www.youtube.com/user/MontyPython>. Title Year, type of recording, Producer, viewed Day Month Year <URL>. Fukuyama, M 2006, Done in 30 minutes, streaming video, viewed 6 April 2011, <http://spex.alexanderstreet.com.ezproxy.cdu.edu.au/View/1826235/>. Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, Title, Type of recording, viewed Day Month Year, <URL>.



• TV program or

Radio program

(Search for meaning 1998)

The search for meaning 1998, radio program, ABC Radio, Sydney, 24 March. Title of program Year of broadcasting, format, Broadcasting station, Day and Month of broadcast. Road to nowhere -Part one - Australian story (ABC1 Melbourne), television program, 6th February 2012, Australian Broadcasting Service, viewed 16 February 2012, <http://www.abc.net.au/austory/specials/roadtonowherepartone/default.htm>. Title of program Year of broadcasting, format, Broadcasting station, Day and Month of broadcast, viewed date, <URL>.

Online podcasts In 305 AD, Diocletian and Maximian voluntarily abdicated the throne (Duncan 2011). (Small town salvation 2009)

Duncan, M 2011, 'Abdication', The history of Rome, audio podcast, viewed 16 February 2012, <http://thehistoryofrome.typepad.com/the_history_of_rome/2011/03/129-abdication.html>. Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, Title of podcast, medium, Publisher (if applicable), Place of Publication (if applicable), Day Month (if known), viewed Day Month Year, <URL>. Small town salvation 2009, video podcast, Compass Television Program, ABC TV, Sydney, 1 November, viewed 16 February 2012, <http://www.abc.net.au/compass/s2707046.htm>.

• Works without an author are listed by the first significant word in their title Title of podcast Year, medium, Producer/Publisher/Username, Place of Publication (if applicable), Day Month, viewed Day Month Year, <URL>.



Webpages, documents from websites & websites - Tips

In-text citation

Where possible, it is best to cite a webpage rather than an entire website – this provides a more accurate indication of your source. To avoid very long URLs, it is acceptable to cite a homepage URL.

When you have printed a document or webpage, do not cite the printed page numbers. This will not assist your reader to find the source. Page numbers should be provided for documents that are paginated. For unpaginated documents, you may cite the chapter/section heading or the

paragraph number.

Reference list Tip: to find the date of a webpage look for 'last updated' date, which is usually in the footer.

Webpage / Document from a webpage: Author known

CSI job descriptions vary throughout the world (Baldwin 2006). 'Sexual violence is not cultural, it is a crime' (Department of Justice 2007, p. 2). It is estimated that between 3 and 8 per cent of pregnant women will develop gestational diabetes around the 24th to 28th week of pregnancy (Diabetes Australia 2010, para. 1).

Baldwin, HB 2006, How to become a CSI, International Crime Scene Investigators Association, viewed 14 February 2012, <http://www.icsia.org/faq.html>. Department of Justice 2007, Step forward: getting help about sexual violence, Northern Territory Department of Justice, viewd 25 August 2010, <www.nt.gov.au>. Diabetes Australia 2010, Gestational diabetes, Diabetes Australia, viewed 26 November 2013, < http://www.diabetesaustralia.com.au/en/Understanding-Diabetes/What-is-Diabetes/Gestational-Diabetes>. • The Author could be an organisation, rather than an individual Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, Title, sponsor of site, viewed Day Month Year, <URL>.

Webpage / Document from a webpage: Author unknown

People are now using technology to assist their writing of poetry (Overload Poetry Festival 2011).

Overload Poetry Festival 2011, Beat, viewed 16 February 2012, <http://www.beat.com.au/content/overload-poetry-festival-0>. • If author is unknown use the title of the text and date



About Facebook & Twitter posts

• Facebook and Twitter posts are generally not considered to be scholarly If you cite them, provide enough information to access the source. Generally this will include the author or user name, date of post (if available), title of post, the type of post* in square brackets (e.g. [Facebook update] or [Twitter post]), the retrieval date** and the URL.

• *Do not provide type of post if the post has the source included in the URL e.g. www.facebook or https://twitter. • **Do not provide a retrieval date if the post has a specific date associated with it already (e.g., status updates, tweets, photos, and videos. • Provide the name of the page or the content or caption of the post (up to the first 40 words) as the title.

Facebook & Twitter posts – General

Gregory Andrews uses Twitter (http://www.twitter.com/TSCommissioner) and Facebook (http://www.facebook.com/TSCommissioner) to keep citizens up to speed on initiatives regarding Australian Threatened Species.

• To cite Facebook and Twitter in general just mention the URL in text in parenthesis. No reference list entry

Facebook posts – Personal Communications – accounts which are not publicly accessible

Gregory Andrews, Threatened Species Commissioner (personal communication [Facebook], April 10, 2016) asked us to spare a thought for migratory birds today.

• If you paraphrase or quote from social media but your readership is unable to access the content (e.g., because of privacy settings or it is a private message), treat as a personal communication. You may choose to identify the source [Facebook] or [Twitter] as a reference list entry is not required for personal communication

Facebook posts – Facebook Status Update - publicly accessible accounts

Threatened Species Commissioner, 2016 • If you paraphrase or quote retrievable information from social media, provide an in-text citation (with author and date) and a reference list entry

Threatened Species Commissioner. (2016, April 10.). ‘Spare a thought for migratory birds today’ Viewed https://www.facebook.com/TSCommissioner/. Username or Group Name. (Yr, Mth Day.). ‘Title of post’ (up to about 15 words). Viewed http://www.facebook.com/specificpageURL.


http://allfacebook.com/facebook-status-updat_b68871

http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/paraphrasing/

http://blog.apastyle.org/apastyle/direct-quotations/


Twitter posts (BirdlifeAustralia, 2016). BirdlifeAustralia. (2016, May 2). ‘The Green Growth Plan spells bad news for #carnabysblackcockatoo in Perth. Just 10 days left to have your say Birdsyoulove.org/act-now’. Viewed https://mobile.twitter.com/BirdlifeOz/status/727377714777198592?p=v. Username or Group Name. (Yr, Mth, Day.). ‘Title of post’. Viewed https://twitter.com/specificpageURL.

Blog or Wiki Blog Vande Moere (2012) “explores the symbiotic relationship between creative design and the field of information visualisation” in his blog. Wiki (Robotics wiki 2010) OR Robotics wiki (2010) defines ... • In general it is usually not recommended to cite entries from Wikipedia.

Blog Vande Moere, A 2012, Information aesthetics, weblog, viewed 17 February 2012, <http://infosthetics.com/>. OR Wilton, P 2010, ‘Proteins prove their metal’, Oxford Science Blog, weblog post, 7 July, viewed 17 February 2012, <http://www.ox.ac.uk/media/science_blog/100707.html>. Wiki Robotics wiki 2010, 'Current research topics', wiki article, 19 October, viewed 17 February 2012, <http://robotics.caltech.edu/wiki/index.php/Main_Page>. • State the owner of the blog or wiki (if known) as follows: Author Surname, Initial(s) Year, ‘Title of post’, Name of wiki or blog if known, weblog or wiki (post or article), viewed Day Month Year, <URL>. • If author unknown, cite by title • Note: Anyone can contribute to a blog or a wiki - (write, review and edit) - there is no evidence that information is reliable


https://mobile.twitter.com/hashtag/carnabysblackcockatoo?src=hash


Motion pictures, videos and DVDs

The life of a shearer is conveyed powerfully in Sunday too far way (motion picture 1975). The video recording Grumpy meets the orchestra (2009) highlights a range of musical styles. • In- text references to these sources should include the title, date of production and the material type

Sunday too far away 1975, motion picture, South Australian Film Corporation, Adelaide. Grumpy meets the orchestra 2009, video recording, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, Sydney. • Format: use motion picture, video recording, DVD Movie Title Year of production, Format, Publisher, Place of Publication.

Music recording ‘The road is full of music, stories everywhere’ (Rose 2011). Rose, C 2011, ‘Roadie’ On Travelling Free, audio recording, Siren Sounds, Sydney. Artist Surname, Initial(s) Year, Track, Title of recording, Material type, Recording company, Place of Publication.


Sample Harvard Reference List /Bibliography Your Reference List /Bibliography should appear on a separate page at the end of you assignment. List your sources in alphabetical order as in the example below.

Australian Bureau of Statistics 2010, Global financial position Australia, March Quarter 2010, cat. no. 6974, ABS, Canberra.

Australian Catering and Cafes Council 2011, Good food guide, Gourmet Press, Canberra.

Baldwin, HB 2006, How to become a CSI, International Crime Scene Investigators Association, viewed 14 February 2012, <http://www.icsia.org/faq.html>.

Black, B, Smith, H & Carver, L 2006, Idiot boxers?, Marigold Press, Melbourne.

Bland, R 1998, Are parents the problem?, 2nd edn, Papaya Press, Adelaide.

Brown, D 2009, Fish stock in shock, University Press, Brisbane.

Civil Aviation Safety Regulations 1998 (Cwlth), ComLaw, viewed 21 December 2011, <http://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2011C00973>.

Dale, P & Hill, M 2010, ‘Work overload in library professionals’, Library Journal of Australasia, vol. 23, no. 3, pp. 1187-99, viewed 1 November 2011, Australia and New Zealand Reference Centre database, <http://northcoast.tafensw.edu.au/library/Pages/e-Resources/electronicresources.aspx >.

Douglas, G n.d. Studying at university: a student guide, Waupub, Walcha, NSW.

Duncan, M 2011, 'Abdication', The history of Rome, audio podcast, viewed 16 February 2012, <http://thehistoryofrome.typepad.com/the_history_of_rome/2011/03/129-abdication.html>.

FDTAFDW 2008, Strange architecture, 17 July, viewed 16 February 2012, <http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=waxfmSpifRw&feature=related>.

Jackson, A 2007 ‘New approaches to drug therapy’, Psychology Today and Tomorrow, vol. 27, no. 1, pp. 54-59.

Jones, G 2010, Ocean acidity, Teatree Press, Darwin.

Lewis, C 2008, ‘Grass roots influence’ in P Garret, S Wong & J Turnbull (eds), 2010, Community coherence and social caretakers, Trinity Press, Shanghai.

Mason, J, Eddie, M, Corliss, H & Black, N 2009, Pacifism is primary, Spinifex Press, Honolulu.

Macpherson, A 2010, ‘Sound Australian timber’, Sydney Daily, 27 July, p. 13.

North Coast TAFE 2010, Excellence in training, TAFE NSW, Sydney.

Popowski, E 1796, The coming of age: a discussion of rites of passage, trans. S Muller, Phoenix Press, Baulkham Hills, NSW.

Robotics wiki 2010, 'Current research topics', wiki article, 19 October, viewed 17 February 2012, <http://robotics.caltech.edu/wiki/index.php/Main_Page>.

Rushton, L 2007a, Communicating culture, People’s Press, Lima.

Shaw, G 2007, Healthy families, People’s Press, Prahran, Vic.

Small town salvation 2009, video podcast, Compass Television Program, ABC TV, Sydney, 1 November, viewed 16 February 2012, <http://www.abc.net.au/compass/s2707046.htm>.


Thomas, B 2010, Security and controls, lecture notes, Systems Design BCO3144, Victoria University, delivered 2 September 2010.

Vande Moere, A 2012, Information aesthetics, weblog, viewed 17 February 2012, <http://infosthetics.com/>.

Wilkinson, K, Blundell, A & Martin, JM 2010, Violence in the media, Socialist Press, Sydney.

Legislation

Civil Unions Bill 2011

Cases

Metro Trains Melbourne Pty Ltd v Marotta [2012] FWA 432

_____________________

*include Legislation and/or Cases/ sections of a reference list only when required


a student’s basic guide to bibliographies and referencing ... · a student’s basic guide to...

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