a research proposal on multiple intelligence by nkoyoyo edward of ekitangaala transformation high...

8/18/2019 A research proposal on multiple intelligence by nkoyoyo edward of ekitangaala transformation high school

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Nkoyoyo Edward’s research book

MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCES: IMPLICATIONS FOR CLASSROOM USE

Research proposal about multiple intelligence

Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces: I&#"ca!"o$s 'or Cassroo& Use

Nkoyoyo Edward

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d6 Su&&ary7777777777777777777777777777664

II6 Cha#!er Two: L"!era!ure Re-"ew7777777777777777777777+a6 I$!roduc!"o$7777777777777777777777777766666+

b6 .ha! "s Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ce Theory777777777777777776+

c6 My!hs Abou! Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ce Theory77777777777777666()d6 Curr"cuu& a$d Assess&e$! Pa$$"$% w"!h MI Theory77777777776(1

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III6 Cha#!er Three: Research 9es"%$77777777777777777777766,1a6 I$!roduc!"o$777777777777777777777777777,1

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d6 S"%$"'"ca$ce o' Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ce Theory77777777777777,4

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Cha#!er (

Introduction

9o a s!ude$!s reay !h"$k !he sa&e; Shoud a s!ude$!s be reu"red !o do !he sa&e ass"%$&e$!s

a$d be %raded "$ !he sa&e &a$$er; A'!er do"$% &uch research "! "s &y o#"$"o$ !ha! a s!ude$!s do $o!

!h"$k !he sa&e a$d a! !"&es "! &ay be bes! #rac!"ce !o e! s!ude$!s choose !he"r ass"%$&e$!s based o$ !he"r

"$!e"%e$ces $eeds6 Boward Gard$er’s work arou$d &u!"#e "$!e"%e$ces has had a #ro'ou$d "&#ac!

o$ !h"$k"$% a$d #rac!"ce "$ educa!"o$ es#ec"ay "$ !he U$"!ed S!a!esD S&"!h/ ,**</ #%6 (6

Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ce Theory has bee$ u"!e &"su$ders!ood s"$ce oward Gard$er '"rs!

"$!roduced "! "$ (+<=/ whe$ a! !he !"&e &os! s!ude$!s were #aced "$ casses based o$ a score 'ro& a

%e$era I$!e"%e$ce 8uo!"e$! I8 !es!6 Th"s %e$era co%$"!"-e ab""!y/ k$ow$ as !he g 'ac!or was der"-ed

'ro& Chares S#ear&a$6 BI$ a 'a&ous ar!"ce/ General Intelligence Objectively Determined and

Measured , S#ear&a$ #ro#osed !he "dea !ha! "$!e"%e$! beha-"or "s %e$era!ed by a s"$%e/ u$"!ary ua"!y

w"!h"$ !he hu&a$ &"$d or bra"$D u&a$ I$!e"%e$ces/ ,**4/ #%6 ,6 Gard$er 'e! !ha! !here was &ore !o

#eo#e !ha$ how we !hey coud read or #er'or& &a!h sk"s6

BGard$er’s &u!"#e "$!e"%e$ce !heory says !ha! "$s!ead o' o$e k"$d o' %e$era "$!e"%e$ce/

!here are a! eas! se-e$ d"''ere$! k"$ds/ wh"ch "$cude -erba "$!e"%e$ce/ &us"ca "$!e"%e$ce/ o%"ca

&a!he&a!"ca "$!e"%e$ce/ s#a!"a "$!e"%e$ce/ body &o-e&e$! "$!e"%e$ce/ "$!e"%e$ce !o u$ders!a$d

o$ese'/ a$d !he "$!e"%e$ce !o u$ders!a$d o!hersD Po!$"k/ ,**,/ #6 ,<=6 E-e$ !hou%h Gard$er has

$e-er e$dorsed a$ MI based curr"cuu&/ he "s uo!ed "$ a TIME &a%aH"$e ar!"ce by a&es Co"$s

(++</ Bere’s a credo I’-e $e-er s!a!ed be'ore6 I’& sure !here are o!s o' d"''ere$! "$!e"%e$ces6 I’&

sure k"ds d"''er "$ !he"r #ro'"es6 I’& sure a$ educa!"o$ a##roach !ha! #ays a!!e$!"o$ !o !h"s "s %o"$% !o be

&ore e''ec!"-e !ha$ o$e !ha! de$"es "!D #6(6 I !h"$k !eachers ca$ &ake %ood use o' !he #r"$c"#es o'

Gard$er’s "deas "$ !he"r cassroo&6 I$ !h"s s!udy I w" be e?a&"$"$% how s!ude$!s #er'or& o$

ass"%$&e$!s !ha! are %eared !owards !he"r "$!e"%e$ce do&a"$6

+256777169712 Page )


http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Spearman/







Problem Statement/Research Question

I$ o$y o$e year o' !each"$%/ I ha-e 'ou$d !ha! $o! o$y do a s!ude$!s !h"$k a$d ear$

d"''ere$!y/ bu! how !hey !h"$k e''ec!s how "$!eres!ed !hey w" be "$ !he subJec! a! ha$d6 The

s!ude$!s whose "$!e"%e$ce 'as "$ !he "$%u"s!"c do&a"$ do $o! &"$d !o wr"!e #a#ers/ a$d wr"!e

!he& -ery we6 O$ !he o!her ha$d s!ude$!s !ha! are &ore k"$es!he!"c do $o! #er'or& we o$

ass"%$&e$!s !ha! are ce$!ered o$ wr"!"$%6

Aso "! has bee$ &y e?#er"e$ce !ha! s!ude$!s are u$&o!"-a!ed !o do ass"%$&e$!s !ha! are

$o! o' "$!eres! !o !he&6 S!ude$!s e"!her do$’! do !he work or !ry !o %e! away w"!h -ery "!!e6 Th"s

resu!s "$ a $u&ber o' $e%a!"-e !h"$%s6 F"rs!/ !he s!ude$! w" su''er acade&"cay6 .he$ s!ude$!s

do$’! co&#e!e ass"%$&e$!s or do $o! co&#e!e !he& correc!y/ "! resu!s "$ a ower score/ !hus

a''ec!"$% !he"r o-era %rade #o"$! a-era%e6 I ha-e had &a$y e?cee$! s!ude$!s #ass !hrou%h &y

casses/ wh"ch are $o! we o-ed/ a$d !ry !o sueak by/ bu! e$d u# w"!h a bad %rade6 A$o!her

$e%a!"-e "s !ha! s!ude$!s so&e!"&e d"s#ay #oor co$duc! whe$ !hey are $o! "$!eres!ed or

&o!"-a!ed !o do ass"%$&e$!s6 Th"s eas"y beco&es a d"s!rac!"o$ 'or o!her s!ude$!s who &"%h!

!y#"cay d"s#ay %ood beha-"or6

The de#e$de$! -ar"abe "$ !h"s s!udy w" be !he !y#e o' "$s!ruc!"o$ a$d !he assess&e$!

%"-e$ a! !he e$d o' !he esso$6 The "$de#e$de$! -ar"abe w" be !he co$!e$! o' !he esso$6

U!"&a!ey/ !h"s s!udy w" a!!e&#! !o a$swer !he 'oow"$% ues!"o$: w" s!ude$!s ach"e-e h"%her

scores o$ assess&e$!s whe$ %"-e$ "$s!ruc!"o$ %eared !oward !he"r %"-e$ Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ce

do&a"$;

Design of Study

Th"s s!udy w" be a ua$!"!a!"-e s!udy6 SubJec!s "$ !he s!udy w" "$cude s!ude$!s 'ro&

!wo &us"c casses Ek"!a$%aaa !ra$s'or&a!"o$ h"%h schoo a$d kakoo%e se$"or seco$dary schoo

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"$ Nakaso$%oa d"s!r"c! ce$!ra U%a$da6 The co$!ro %rou# 'or !h"s s!udy w" co$s"s! o' !we$!y

s"? "$ se$"or o$e ra$%"$% "$ a%es 'ro& !we-e !o se-e$!ee$6 Th"s cass aso has !wo s!ude$!s w"!h

I$d"-"dua"Hed Educa!"o$ Pa$s IEP who rece"-e s#ec"a educa!"o$ ser-"ces6 I$ add"!"o$ !o

s!ude$!s w"!h IEP’s !here are s"? s!ude$!s "de$!"'"ed as %"'!ed a$d !ae$!ed a$d rece"-e ser-"ces

u$der a G"'!ed S!ude$! Ser-"ce Pa$ GSSP6 The e?#er"&e$!a cass co$s"s!s o' !we$!y'"-e

s!ude$!s/ aso "$ !he se$"or o$e ra$%"$% "$ a%es 'ro& !we-e !o se-e$!ee$6 Th"s cass has 'our

s!ude$!s who rece"-e ser-"ces !hrou%h !he cou$!"es s#ec"a educa!"o$ #ro%ra&6 S!ude$!s "$ each

cass w" rece"-e acco&&oda!"o$s "$ !he esso$ accord"$% !o !he"r IEP’s6 For !he &os! #ar!/ !he

%e$era #o#ua!"o$s o' s!ude$!s "$ each cass/ wh"ch "s !he s!ude$!s who do $o! ha-e IEP’s/ are a!

or abo-e %rade e-e "$ read"$% a$d &a!h6 There are se-era "$ each cass/ howe-er/ !ha! do

rece"-e Res#o$se !o I$!er-e$!"o$ RTI ser-"ces "$ o$e or bo!h areas/ bu! do $o! ua"'y 'or

s#ec"a educa!"o$ ser-"ces6 So "$ %e$era/ $e"!her cass/ as a whoe/ has a$ e?ce#!"o$ay h"%h

ab""!y e-e a$d woud be co$s"dered a-era%e6

A! !he s!ar! o' !he s!udy/ a s!ude$!s/ bo!h "$ !he co$!ro a$d e?#er"&e$!a %rou#/ w" be

%"-e$ a sur-ey !ha! w" he# &e !o de!er&"$e wh"ch "$!e"%e$ce do&a"$s !he s!ude$!s are &os!

draw$ !oward6 The Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ce MI sur-ey w" co$s"s! o' !h"r!y'"-e s!a!e&e$!s !o

wh"ch s!ude$!s w" res#o$d a$d w" &easure s!ude$!’s s!re$%!hs "$ -erba/ &a!he&a!"ca/ -"sua/

k"$es!he!"c/ &us"ca/ "$!ra#erso$a/ a$d "$!er#erso$a MI do&a"$s6 They w" be a$swer"$% e"!her

!rue/ !he s!a!e&e$! a##"es !o &e/ or 'ase !h"s s!a!e&e$! does $o! a##y !o &e6 Fro& !hese

sur-eys I ho#e !o %e! a %ood "dea o' wh"ch "$!e"%e$ce do&a"$s are !he s!ro$%es! "$ each cass6 I

w" #r"&ar"y be ook"$% 'or s!re$%!hs "$ -erba/ &a!h/ -"sua/ k"$es!he!"c/ a$d &us"ca do&a"$s6

Foow"$% docu&e$!a!"o$ o' !hese resu!s !he co$!ro cass w" rece"-e a esso$ o$ a

&us"ca !o#"c !ha! w" co$s"s! soey o' ec!ure s!ye "$s!ruc!"o$6 The co$!ro cass w" rece"-e

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!he sa&e esso$K howe-er !he "$s!ruc!"o$ w" co$s"s! o' !ech$"ues rea!ed !o !he 'oow"$%

&u!"#e "$!e"%e$ce do&a"$s: &us"ca/ k"$es!he!"c/ "$%u"s!"c or -erba/ o%"ca or

&a!he&a!"ca/ a$d s#a!"a or -"sua6 Foow"$% !he esso$/ bo!h !he co$!ro a$d e?#er"&e$!a

casses w" !ake a$ "de$!"ca !eacher &ade assess&e$! !ha! w" de!er&"$e whe!her !he MI

!ech$"ues he#ed "&#ro-e s!ude$! ear$"$%6 I do wa$! !o %o o$ a$d address !he #oss"b""!y !ha! a

wr"!!e$ !eacher &ade assess&e$! &ay $o! be !he bes! a-e$ue 'or assess"$% !he use o' MI

!ech$"ues "$ a esso$6 I$ !he ar!"ce BRe'ec!"o$s o$ Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces: My!hs a$d

Messa%es/D wr"!!e$ by oward Gard$er (++3 'or !he Phi Delta Kappan/ he addressed !ha!

BNow !ha! se-e$ "$!e"%e$ces ha-e bee$ "de$!"'"ed/ o$e ca$ a$d #erha#s shoud crea!e se-e$

!es!s a$d secure se-e$ scoresD #6 ,*,6 Gard$er (++3 co$!"$ued !o say !ha! a!hou%h

assess&e$!s shoud be B"$!e"%e$! 'a"r/D se-e$ d"''ere$! #a#er a$d #e$c" !es!s are $o! !he a$swer

!o assess"$% s!ude$!s us"$% MI Theory6 A #a#er #e$c" !es!/ "s &os! o'!e$/ o$y %o"$% !o a##ea !o

!hose w"!h h"%h "$%u"s!"c "$!e"%e$ce6 A ch"d who has h"%h k"$es!he!"c "$!e"%e$ce "s$’! %o"$%

!o be$e'"! 'ro& a !es! s"&#y ask"$% ues!"o$s abou! bod"y ac!"-"!"es6

Summary

I !h"$k !h"s s!udy w" a##ea !o a w"de array o' aud"e$ces6 I !h"$k !eachers/

ad&"$"s!ra!ors/ #are$!s/ a$d s!ude$!s ca$ a be$e'"! 'ro& see"$% !he resu!s6 Teachers "$ a

subJec!s &ay be w""$% !o !ry ou! so&e MI !ech$"ues "$ !he"r cassroo& "' !hey see #os"!"-e

resu!s 'ro& !he s!udy6 I$ co$-ersa!"o$s I ha-e had w"!h &y 'eow !eachers/ I ha-e see$ !ha! !hey

are aso ha-"$% &o!"-a!"o$ a$d ach"e-e&e$! "ssues "$ !he"r casses/ as we6 I' I a& abe !o see

!ha! "' by !weak"$% ass"%$&e$!s a$d "$s!ruc!"o$s Jus! a "!!e "&#ro-es ach"e-e&e$!/ !he$ !h"s

s!udy has do$e "!s Job6

Ad&"$"s!ra!ors ca$ !he$ ha-e so&e bas"s 'or e$coura%"$% !he"r !eachers !o !ry MI "$ !he"r

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cassroo&s/ a$d o$ a %ra$der scae/ &aybe "&#e&e$! a MI based curr"cuu&6 owe-er/ !he

resu!s shoud $o! be !he o$y bas"s 'or s!ar!"$% a$ MI based curr"cuu&/ bu! "! coud be a bas"s

'or ook"$% "$!o !he #oss"b""!y o' "!6 Teachers "$ schoos !ha! dec"de !ha! MI curr"cuu& "s $o! !he

bes! "dea 'or !he& coud s!" use so&e o' !he "deas a$d !ech$"ues #rese$!ed "$ !h"s s!udy "$ !he

!he"r e-eryday cassroo& ac!"-"!"es6

S!ude$!s a$d #are$!s w" be$e'"! because s!ude$!s w" ear$ wha! !he"r "$!e"%e$ces6

o#e'uy/ !h"s coud s!ar! %u"d"$% !he& o$ a career #a!h a$d &ake "&#or!a$! dec"s"o$s !ha! w"

"&#ac! !he"r 'u!ure6 Aso/ "' s!ude$!s are aware o' !he"r "$!e"%e$ces "! &ay ass"s! !he& "$ be"$%

abe !o co&#e!e ass"%$&e$!s &ore e''"c"e$!y6 They w" aso/ ho#e'uy/ ear$ !ech$"ues !o

s!"&ua!e !he"r "$!e"%e$ce do&a"$ a$d '"$d ways !o use !he& across !he curr"cuu&6 Pare$!s/

!he$/ w" be abe !o be &ore e$coura%"$% !o !he"r ch"dre$ a$d he# "$ '"$d"$% sources o'

&o!"-a!"o$ !o he# !he& !o succeed6 A "$d"-"duas ca$ be$e'"! 'ro& be$e'"! 'ro& k$ow"$% how

!he"r "$!e"%e$ces "$'ue$ce !he"r ach"e-e&e$! "$ a schoo or a work e$-"ro$&e$!6

I! "s "&#or!a$! 'or educa!ors !o re&e&ber !ha! Gard$er’s Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ce Theory "s

$o! !he sa&e as a ear$"$% s!ye6 There has bee$ &uch research do$e as !o how !eachers a$d

schoo ad&"$"s!ra!ors ca$ use MI Theory "$ a #os"!"-e &a$$er "$ !he"r cassroo&s6 I$ cha#!er

!wo/ "!era!ure rea!ed !o MI Theory a$d research w" be e?a&"$ed a$d re-"ewed6 Th"s w" he#

br"$% "%h! !o how educa!ors ca$ be%"$ !o see how MI Theory "s be"$% used curre$!y "$ !he

cassroo&

+256777169712 Page <





Cha#!er ,

Intrductin

Boward Gard$ers work arou$d &u!"#e "$!e"%e$ces has had a #ro'ou$d "&#ac! o$

!h"$k"$% a$d #rac!"ce "$ educa!"o$ es#ec"ay "$ !he U$"!ed S!a!esD S&"!h/ ,**</ #% (6 Pub"c

schoo educa!ors ha-e bee$ research"$% 'or &a$y years d"''ere$! ways !ha! we ca$ he# a

s!ude$!s succeed "$ !he cassroo&6 oward Gard$er’s Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ce Theory MI Theory

"s o$e way so&e educa!ors 'ee we ca$ reach ou! !o s!ude$!s who &ay $o! be success'u "$ a

areas o' acade&"cs6 owe-er/ MI Theory has 'ou$d a o! o' cr"!"cs !hrou%h !he years6 Ma$y

!"&es "!s "deas are !ake$ ou! o' co$!e?!/ a$d whe$ "! "s used/ "! "s $o! used correc!y6 Th"s re-"ew

o' !he "!era!ure o$ oward Gard$er’s Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ce Theory w" 'ocus o$ !hese '"-e

ues!"o$s a$d "deas6

(6 .ha! "s Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ce Theory;

,6 My!hs abou! MI Theory

=6 Curr"cuu& a$d Assess&e$! Pa$$"$% w"!h MI Theory

)6 Ca$ "$!e"%e$ces be de!er&"$ed "$ "$d"-"duas;

36 Mus"ca I$!e"%e$ce "$ a$d ou!s"de !he &us"c cassroo&6

!hat is Multiple Intelligence Thery

MI Theory has bee$ u"!e &"su$ders!ood s"$ce oward Gard$er '"rs! "$!roduced "! "$

(+<=6 A! !h"s !"&e/ &os! s!ude$!s were #aced "$ casses based o$ a %e$era "$!e"%e$ce !es!/

o!herw"se k$ow$ as a$ I$!e"%e$ce 8uo!"e$! I8 !es!6 Th"s %e$era co%$"!"-e ab""!y was k$ow$

as !he g 'ac!or a$d was der"-ed 'ro& Chares S#ear&a$6 BI$ a 'a&ous ar!"ce/ General

Intelligence Objectively Determined and Measured , S#ear&a$ #ro#osed !he "dea !ha! "$!e"%e$!

beha-"or "s %e$era!ed by a s"$%e/ u$"!ary ua"!y w"!h"$ !he hu&a$ &"$d or bra"$D u&a$

+256777169712 Page +









I$!e"%e$ces/ ,**4/ #6 ,6 Gard$er 'e! !ha! !here was &ore !o #eo#e !ha$ how we !hey coud

read or #er'or& &a!h sk"s6 BGard$er’s &u!"#e "$!e"%e$ce !heory says !ha! "$s!ead o' o$e k"$d

o' %e$era "$!e"%e$ce/ !here are a! eas! se-e$ d"''ere$! k"$ds/ wh"ch "$cude -erba "$!e"%e$ce/

&us"ca "$!e"%e$ce/ o%"ca&a!he&a!"ca "$!e"%e$ce/ s#a!"a "$!e"%e$ce/ body &o-e&e$!

"$!e"%e$ce/ "$!e"%e$ce !o u$ders!a$d o$ese'/ a$d !he "$!e"%e$ce !o u$ders!a$d o!hersD

Po!$"k/ ,**,/ #6 ,<=6

>erba "$!e"%e$ce/ aso k$ow$ as "$%u"s!"c "$!e"%e$ce/ bas"cay re'ers !o #eo#e who

are %ood w"!h words6 I$ !he book "rames # Mind$ The Theries # Multiple Intelligences

Gard$er (+<= sa"d BI$ d"scuss"$% !he &ea$"$%s or co$$o!a!"o$s o' words/ we '"$d ourse-es "$

!he area o' se&a$!"cs/ !ha! e?a&"$a!"o$ o' &ea$"$% wh"ch "s u$"-ersay co$s"dered ce$!ra !o

a$%ua%eD #6 436 Gard$er saw #eo#e !ha! were -erbay "$!e"%e$! as $o! o$y be"$% abe !o

s#eak we/ bu! aso be"$% abe !o u$ders!a$d &ea$"$%s o' words a$d how !o use !he& "$ bo!h

wr"!"$% a$d s#eak"$%6

Mus"c educa!ors o' !he !"&e were -ery e?c"!ed !o see !ha! Gard$er had "de$!"'"ed a$

"$!e"%e$ce &arked as &us"ca6 Th"s was so&e!h"$% !ha! !hese educa!ors had k$ow$ was !rue 'or

&a$y years6 Gard$er’s !heory woud &os! cer!a"$y be he#'u "$ ad-oca!"$% &us"c educa!"o$

#ro%ra&s "$ !he #ub"c schoos6 Accord"$% !o A$$"e Gu"%$o$ (++</ o' !he webs"!e Educa!"o$

.ord/ &us"ca "$!e"%e$ce ca$ be de'"$ed as B!he ab""!y !o u$ders!a$d a$d crea!e &us"cD #6 (6

Gu"%o$ (++< aso we$! o$ !o s!a!e/ B&us"c"a$s/ co&#osers a$d da$cers show a he"%h!e$ed

&us"ca "$!e"%e$ceD #6 (6 Gard$er (+<= 'e! -ery s!ro$%y abou! !h"s "$!e"%e$ce a$d e-e$

s!a!ed "$ "rames # Mind Bo' a !he %"'!s w"!h wh"ch "$d"-"duas &ay be e$dowed/ $o$e e&er%es

ear"er !ha$ &us"ca !ae$!D #6 ++6 e shared a$ "$!eres!"$% s!ory abou! !hree d"''ere$! ch"dre$

who d"s#ayed a&aH"$% &us"ca !ae$! a! a -ery you$% a%e6 I$ h"s a!!e&#! !o e?#a"$ &us"c as

+256777169712 Page (*





"$!e"%e$ce he used !h"s e?#a$a!"o$ 'or !he d"''ere$ces:

The '"rs! ch"d coud be a a#a$ese you$%s!er who has #ar!"c"#a!ed s"$ce a%e !wo "$ !he

SuHuk" Tae$! Educa!"o$ #ro%ra& a$d has/ "ke !housa$ds o' her #eers/ &as!ered !he

esse$!"as o' a s!r"$% "$s!ru&e$! by !he !"&e she e$!ers schoo6 The seco$d ch"d coud be

a -"c!"& o' au!"s&/ a you$%s!er who ca$ barey co&&u$"ca!e w"!h a$yo$e ese a$d who "s

se-erey d"s!urbed "$ se-era a''ec!"-e a$d co%$"!"-e s#heresK s!" he e?h"b"!s a$ "soa!ed

s#ar"$% o' &us"ca "$!e"%e$ce/ such !ha! he ca$ s"$% back 'awessy a$y #"ece he hears6

The !h"rd coud be a you$% ch"d ra"sed "$ a &us"ca 'a&"y who has be%u$ !o #"ck ou!

!u$es o$ h"s ow$a !hrowback !o !he #recoc"ous you$% MoHar!/ Me$dessoh$/ a$d Sa"$!

Sae$s6 Gard$er/ (+<=/ #6 ++(**

I$ !h"s/ Gard$er was a!!e&#!"$% !o show !ha! "$!e"%e$ce/ s#ec"'"cay &us"ca "$!e"%e$ce/ ca$

s!e& 'ro& a $u&ber o' sources6 I$ !he '"rs! e?a&#e !he ch"d %a"$ed h"s &us"ca ab""!y by

co$!"$ued #rac!"ce6 The bra"$ o' a you$% ch"d "s "ke a s#o$%e a$d "! has bee$ #ro-e$ !"&e a$d

!"&e a%a"$ !ha! !he eary years ca$ be a$ esse$!"a !"&e o' ear$"$%6 The seco$d ch"d had "&"!ed

sk"s "$ a o!her areas/ because o' a d"sab""!y6 The"r &us"ca !ae$!/ "ke !he !ae$!s o' !housa$ds

o' o!her au!"s!"c "$d"-"duas/ s!e&s 'ro& !ha! o$e area "$ !he bra"$ !ha! see&s !o ha-e !he &os!

he"%h!e$ed 'u$c!"o$"$%6 The as! ch"d/ !he o$e who was ra"sed "$ a &us"ca 'a&"y/ #robaby

%a"$ed !he"r &us"ca ab""!"es !hrou%h %e$e!"cs6 Mus"ca !ae$! "s $o! Jus! be"$% abe !o #ay a$

"$s!ru&e$! or s"$%/ bu! be"$% abe !o u$ders!a$d how &us"c works/ a$d how "! be$ds !o%e!her !o

be a beau!"'u ar! 'or&6

A !h"rd "$!e"%e$ce !ha! Gard$er (+<= "de$!"'"ed was !he o%"ca&a!he&a!"ca

"$!e"%e$ce6 Peo#e who ea$ !oward !h"s "$!e"%e$ce !e$d !o do we "$ &a!h casses/ a$d

!y#"cay are %ood #robe& so-ers6 R6A6 "rsh ,**) had !h"s !o say abou! !h"s "$!e"%e$ce:

+256777169712 Page ((





Ma!he&a!"ca "$!e"%e$ce "$-o-es a #rocess6 A #robe& &us! be "de$!"'"ed/ reco%$"Hed

as so&e!h"$% wor!h so-"$%/ a$ a%or"!h& "s !he$ "de$!"'"ed a$d0or crea!ed/ a$d a sou!"o$

"s a!!e&#!ed6 I$!e"%e$ce "$ !h"s area reu"res a !rue u$ders!a$d"$% o' how &a!he&a!"cs

a$d o%"c work "$ !he rea word/ "$ e-eryday "'e6 U$ders!a$d"$% !he why "$ &a!he&a!"cs

!ruy "$d"ca!es a$ u$ders!a$d"$% o' &a!he&a!"c #rocesses6 #6 ,

I$d"-"duas w"!h he"%h!e$ed o%"ca&a!he&a!"ca "$!e"%e$ce are aso 'ou$d !o be #ro'"c"e$! "$

reco%$"H"$% #a!!er$s a$d rea!"o$sh"#s/ &ak"$% %e$era"Ha!"o$s/ a$d us"$% !he sc"e$!"'"c &e!hod

!o 'or& hy#o!heses/ a$d co&e !o co$cus"o$s6

Arch"!ec!s/ #a"$!ers/ '"& &akers/ a$d e-e$ $a-"%a!ors are #eo#e who are 'ou$d !o ha-e

h"%h e-es o' s#a!"a "$!e"%e$ce/ so&e!"&es re'erred !o as -"sua "$!e"%e$ce6 S#a!"a

"$!e"%e$ce "s re'erred !o as B!he ab""!y !o !h"$k "$ #"c!ures/ !o #erce"-e !he -"sua word

accura!ey/ a$d recrea!e or a!er "! "$ !he &"$d or o$ #a#erD Gu"%o$/ (++</ #6 (6 Ma$y !"&es

we re'er !o #eo#e w"!h !h"s "$!e"%e$ce as ha-"$% a$ eye 'or so&e!h"$%6 I! coud re'er !o a$y

$u&ber o' !h"$%s6 F"&&akers a$d #ho!o%ra#hers ha-e a$ eye 'or !ak"$% beau!"'u #ho!o%ra#hs

or shoo!"$% a&aH"$% &o-"es6 Pa"$!ers a$d scu#!ors k$ow how !o !ake rea"!y a$d #or!ray !he&

o$ ca$-as/ "$ &arbe/ or "$ cay6 A chess #ayer w"!h he"%h!e$ed -"sua "$!e"%e$ce ca$ see

hu$dreds o' &o-es a-a"abe o$ a chessboard w"!hou! &o-"$% a s"$%e #"ece6 There are o!s o'

career o##or!u$"!"es 'or #eo#e who are %"'!ed w"!h !h"s "$!e"%e$ce6

ody &o-e&e$! "$!e"%e$ce "s aso re'erred !o as k"$es!he!"c "$!e"%e$ce6 Those who

ha-e !h"s bod"y "$!e"%e$ce are abe !o use !he"r body "$ $u&erous ways !o #er'or& a$y $u&ber

o' sk"s6 I$ !he book The %rts, &ung 'hildren, and (earning / Susa$ .r"%h! ,**= descr"bed

bod"y "$!e"%e$ce "$ !h"s way/ BTh"s "s !he ab""!y !o so-e #robe&s or 'ash"o$ #roduc!s us"$%

o$es body6 "%hy de-eo#ed bod"yk"$es!he!"c "$!e"%e$ce "s e?h"b"!ed by #eo#e such as

+256777169712 Page (,





da$cers/ a!he!es/ sur%eo$s/ ar!"sa$s/ a$d &us"c"a$sD #6 <16 These #eo#e usuay e?h"b"! sk"s

such as %ood !"&"$%/ e?cee$! '"$e &o!or sk"s/ a$d &a$y !"&es a %ood se$se o' d"rec!"o$6

9a$cers !y#"cay d"s#ay bo!h e?cee$! ab""!"es "$ k"$es!he!"c &o-e&e$!/ as we as !ouches o'

&us"ca "$!e"%e$ce6 No! o$y do da$cers $eed !o k$ow how !o use !he"r body !o !e s!or"es a$d

co&&u$"ca!e "deas !hrou%h &o-e&e$!/ bu! aso !hey &us! be abe !o do !h"s w"!h &us"c6 Th"s

reu"res be"$% abe !o es!ab"sh !e&#o/ rhy!h&s/ a$d !"&"$% &o-e&e$!s !o "$e u# w"!h cer!a"$

sec!"o$s o' !he so$%6 The bes! e?a&#e o' "$d"-"duas sk"ed "$ bo!h k"$es!he!"c "$!e"%e$ce a$d

&us"ca "$!e"%e$ce are !hose who da$ce #ro'ess"o$a bae!6

The as! !wo "$!e"%e$ces !ha! Gard$er "de$!"'"ed were !he "$!er#erso$a a$d "$!ra#erso$a

"$!e"%e$ces6 I$!er#erso$a "$!e"%e$ce "s Ba$ ab""!y !o #erce"-e a$d u$ders!a$d o!her

"$d"-"duas !he"r &oods/ des"res/ a$d &o!"-a!"o$sD Gu"%o$/ (++</ #6(/ where as "$!ra#erso$a

"$!e"%e$ce Be$!a"s !he ca#ac"!y !o u$ders!a$d o$ese'/ !o a##rec"a!e o$es 'ee"$%s/ 'ears a$d

&o!"-a!"o$sD S&"!h/ ,**</ #6 )6 .erou$ded/ e&o!"o$ay hea!hy "$d"-"duas usuay d"s#ay

charac!er"s!"cs o' bo!h "$!e"%e$ces6 These "$d"-"duas are abe !o $o! o$y reco%$"He !he"r ow$

e&o!"o$s a$d k$ow how !hey a''ec! !he"r 'u$c!"o$"$%/ bu! !hey are aso abe !o reco%$"He

e&o!"o$s "$ o!hers a$d use !ha! ab""!y !o he# o!her #eo#e6 owe-er/ !here are so&e #eo#e

who are e"!her o$y "$!er#erso$a/ or who are o$y "$!ra#erso$a6

Mos! #eo#e "$de$!"'"ed as eaders are co$s"dered !o ha-e "$!er#erso$a "$!e"%e$ce6

They are abe !o "s!e$ a$d rea!e !o #eo#e/ a$d &ake dec"s"o$s based $o! o$y !he"r ow$ a%e$da/

bu! o$ o!hers6 Pare$!s/ !eachers/ &e$!a hea!h #ro'ess"o$as/ a$d "$ &a$y cases cer%y&e$ a$d

%o-er$&e$! eaders are 'ou$d !o ha-e %ood "$!er#erso$a rea!"o$s6 Those who are co$s"dered !o

be &ore "$!ra#erso$a are -ery aware o' !he"r ow$ 'ee"$%s/ "ke be"$% ao$e/ a$d are ca#abe o'

se!!"$% a$d &ee!"$% cer!a"$ %oas6

+256777169712 Page (=





I$ rece$! years/ oward Gard$er has be%u$ !o d"scuss !he #oss"b""!y o' a$ e"%h!h

"$!e"%e$ce6 Gard$er su%%es!ed !ha! !here &ay be a$ "$!e"%e$ce !ha! coud be "de$!"'"ed as a

$a!ura"s! "$!e"%e$ce6 L"!!e research has bee$ do$e "$ !h"s/ bu! "! "s s!ar!"$% !o beco&e &ore

#re-ae$! a$d &ore reco%$"Habe "$ !he s!udy o' MI Theory6 Les"e Owe$ ."so$ (++< o' !he

U$"-ers"!y o' ."sco$s"$S!e-e$s Po"$! used !he 'oow"$% descr"#!"o$s o' !he $a!ura"s!

"$!e"%e$ce:

Na!ura"s! "$!e"%e$ce deas w"!h se$s"$% #a!!er$s "$ a$d &ak"$% co$$ec!"o$s !o ee&e$!s

"$ $a!ure6 Us"$% !h"s sa&e "$!e"%e$ce/ #eo#e #ossess"$% e$ha$ced e-es o' !h"s

"$!e"%e$ce &ay aso be -ery "$!eres!ed "$ o!her s#ec"es/ or "$ !he e$-"ro$&e$! a$d !he

ear!h6 Ch"dre$ #ossess"$% !h"s !y#e o' "$!e"%e$ce &ay ha-e a s!ro$% a''"$"!y !o !he

ou!s"de word or !o a$"&as/ a$d !h"s "$!eres! o'!e$ be%"$s a! a$ eary a%e6 They &ay e$Joy

subJec!s/ shows a$d s!or"es !ha! dea w"!h a$"&as or $a!ura #he$o&e$a6 Or !hey &ay

show u$usua "$!eres! "$ subJec!s "ke b"oo%y/ Hooo%y/ bo!a$y/ %eoo%y/ &e!eoroo%y/

#aeo$!oo%y/ or as!ro$o&y6 #6 ,

There "s s!" &uch research !o be do$e "$ !h"s #oss"be e"%h!h "$!e"%e$ce/ a$d 'or !he &os! #ar!

"! "s s!" $o! reco%$"Hed by &a$y educa!ors6 I' !h"s "$!e"%e$ce e?"s!s/ how &a$y &ore

"$!e"%e$ces coud we e?#ec! !o be "de$!"'"ed "$ !he 'u!ure;

Myths %but Multiple Intelligence Thery

As &e$!"o$ed #re-"ousy/ s"$ce !he "$ce#!"o$ o' Gard$er’s "$!e"%e$ce !heory/ "! has bee$

&"su$ders!ood a$d "&#e&e$!ed "$ !he wro$% way "$ !he cassroo&6 I$ a$ ar!"ce wr"!!e$ 'or !he

Phi Delta Kappan/ e$!"!ed BRe'ec!"o$s o$ Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces: My!hs a$d Messa%es ,)

Gard$er a!!e&#!ed !o address so&e o' !hese co&&o$ &"sco$ce#!"o$s6 Gard$er (++3 addressed

&y!h $u&ber o$e as 'oows BNow !ha! se-e$ "$!e"%e$ces ha-e bee$ "de$!"'"ed/ o$e ca$ a$d

+256777169712 Page ()





#erha#s shoudcrea!e se-e$ !es!s a$d secure se-e$ scoresD #6 ,*,6 Gard$er (++3 !he$ we$!

o$ !o say e-e$ !hou%h assess&e$! shoud be B"$!e"%e$! 'a"r/D se-e$ d"''ere$! #a#er a$d #e$c"

!es!s are $o! !he a$swer !o assess"$% s!ude$!s us"$% MI Theory6 A ch"d who has h"%h k"$es!he!"c

"$!e"%e$ce woud $o! be$e'"! we 'ro& a #a#er a$d #e$c" !es! w"!h so&e ues!"o$s rea!ed !o

bod"y ac!"-"!"es6 A coser e?a&"$a!"o$ o' MI Theory a$d assess&e$! w" be 'ou$d a!er "$ !h"s

re-"ew6

A seco$d &y!h Gard$er (++3 "de$!"'"ed was !ha! "$!e"%e$ces were !he sa&e as a

ear$"$% do&a"$ or d"sc"#"$e6 I$!e"%e$ces are rea!ed &ore !o co$s!ruc!"$% "$'or&a!"o$ !ha$

s!udy"$% a s#ec"'"c subJec! or e?a&"$"$% a s#ec"'"c do&a"$ o' k$owed%e6 Mos! o' Gard$er’s

"$!e"%e$ces ca$ e$co&#ass &a$y do&a"$s a$d be used !o s!udy a -ar"e!y o' subJec!s6

The $e?! &y!h Gard$er (++3 s#oke o' was Ba$ "$!e"%e$ce "s !he sa&e as a ear$"$%

s!ye/ a co%$"!"-e s!ye/ or a work"$% s!yeD (++3/ #%6,*,6 Gard$er we$! o$ !o e?#a"$ !ha! s!ye

"s rea!ed !o !he way we ear$ a$d ca$ be a##"ed !o a subJec! areas/ whereas "$!e"%e$ce "s

&ore s#ec"'"c6 For e?a&#e/ a s!ude$! !ha! "s a -"sua ear$er &ay ha-e !o see a &a!h #robe&

worked ou! se-era !"&es be'ore !hey ca$ work o$e o$ !he"r ow$6 Tha! sa&e s!ude$! &ay ha-e !o

see $o!es o$ a #a%e be'ore !hey ca$ #ay a s"&#e &us"ca &eody/ e-e$ !hou%h !hey ha-e heard

"! o$ce aready6 They aso &ay $eed a wr"!!e$ ou!"$e !o he# 'oow a ec!ure "$ a soc"a s!ud"es

cass6 O$ !he o!her ha$d !ha! sa&e s!ude$! &ay d"s#ay he"%h!e$ed -erba "$!e"%e$ce/ a$d uses

!ha!/ "$ co$Ju$c!"o$ w"!h be"$% a -"sua ear$er/ !o wr"!e s#ec!acuar E$%"sh #a#ers6 A$o!her way

!h"s &y!h o'!e$ #rese$!s "!se' "s whe$ a !eacher k$ows !ha! he or she has se-era s!ude$!s "$ !he"r

cass who ha-e bee$ "de$!"'"ed as be"$% &us"cay "$!e"%e$!6 I$ !ur$ whe$ s!ude$!s !ake !es!s or

are do"$% sea! work/ !he !eacher #ays &us"c6 I! has bee$ #ro-e$ o$ &a$y occas"o$s !ha! #ay"$%

"$s!ru&e$!a &us"c dur"$% s!udy !"&e or assess&e$!s a"ds "$ s!ude$! bra"$ 'u$c!"o$"$%6 owe-er/

+256777169712 Page (3





#ay"$% &us"c dur"$% a &a!h !es! 'or !hese &us"cay "$!e"%e$! s!ude$!s w" $e"!her "&#a"r $or

be$e'"! !he"r ab""!y !o do !he #robe&s #rese$!ed o$ !he e?a&6

O$e as! &essa%e !ha! Gard$er (++3 addressed was !ha! BMI Theory "s "$co&#a!"be

w"!h % %e$era "$!e"%e$ce/ w"!h hered"!ar"a$ accou$!s/ or w"!h e$-"ro$&e$!a accou$!s o' !he

$a!ure a$d causes o' "$!e"%e$ceD #6 ,*=6 Gard$er "s $o! de$y"$% !he e?"s!e$ce o' %e$era

"$!e"%e$ce6 I! "s #oss"be !ha! MI Theory "s s"&#y 'ur!her #roo' 'or !he e?"s!e$ce o' !he %

'ac!or6 Mos! "$d"-"duas 'ee !ha! %e$era "$!e"%e$ce "s "$her"!ed a$d !ha! o$e’s ab""!"es w" be

based o$ how s&ar! !he"r #are$!s were6 I! "s ob-"ous !ha! Gard$er "s !ry"$% !o he# u$co-er !he

"$!e"%e$ces !ha! % does $o! co-er6 .e are a ca#abe o' ear$"$%/ a$d we shoud $o! be hed !o

!he sa&e s!a$dards as our #are$!s6 I! "s #oss"be !o %a"$ &ore k$owed%e/ a$d be &ore "$!e"%e$!

"$ d"''ere$! areas !ha$ our #are$!s6

'urriculum and %ssessment Planning *ith MI Thery

I$ !he years !ha! 'oowed !he "$!roduc!"o$ o' Gard$er’s Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ce !heory/

!eachers/ ad&"$"s!ra!ors/ a$d curr"cuu& s#ec"a"s! be%a$ !o e?a&"$e !he #oss"b""!y o' a #rac!"ca

cassroo& use o' MI Theory6 I! has bee$ a##"ed !o curr"cuu&/ "$s!ruc!"o$/ !each"$% &e!hods/

a$d assess&e$!6 There are &a$y #eo#e !ha! a%ree w"!h "! a$d !he$ !here are !hose who do $o!

a%ree w"!h "!6 These curr"cuu& a$d assess&e$! a##roaches !o curr"cuu& shoud $o! be

co$'used w"!h Gard$er’s or"%"$a !heory6 BGard$er has $e-er a"d dow$ a de!a"ed #a$ 'or

a##y"$% h"s !heory "$ schoos/ a$d !he co$su!a$!s a$d #ub"shers who o''er !ra"$"$% "$ MI

o#era!e "$de#e$de$!y o' h"&/ so !here "s a w"de ra$%e o' ac!ua #rac!"cesD Co"$s/ (++</ #6 =6

E-e$ !hou%h Gard$er has $e-er e$dorsed a$ MI based curr"cuu&/ he "s uo!ed "$ a TIME

&a%aH"$e o$"$e ar!"ce by a&es Co"$s (++</ Bere’s a credo I’-e $e-er s!a!ed be'ore6 I’&

sure !here are o!s o' d"''ere$! "$!e"%e$ces6 I’& sure k"ds d"''er "$ !he"r #ro'"es6 I’& sure a$

+256777169712 Page (1





educa!"o$ a##roach !ha! #ays a!!e$!"o$ !o !h"s "s %o"$% !o be &ore e''ec!"-e !ha$ o$e !ha! de$"es

"!D #6(6

Ma$y schoos ha-e s!ar!ed !o "&#e&e$! curr"cuu& based o$ MI Theory6 I$ a$ ar!"ce

'or !he The +urnal # Educatin esearch/ e$!"!ed BA!!"!udes Toward a Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ce

Curr"cuu&/D au!hors Gwe$doy$ Me!!e!a/ Chery orda$/ a$d Shery ar#er (++4/ e?a&"$ed

a 3/ suburba$/ #redo&"$a$!y wh"!e/ eco$o&"cay d"-erse ee&e$!ary schoo "$ I$d"a$a/ caed

Far&"$%!o$ Ee&e$!ary6 The au!hors co$!"$ued !o descr"be !he back%rou$d o' Far&"$%!o$

Ee&e$!ary6

For &a$y years/ Far&"$%!o$ s!ude$!s 'ro& '"rs! %rade !hrou%h '"'!h %rade cha$%ed

casses 'or each subJec!6 Read"$% a$d &a!h casses were ab""!y %rou#ed/ whereas

ho&eroo&/ sc"e$ce/ soc"a s!ud"es/ &us"c/ #hys"ca educa!"o$/ a$d o!her subJec!s were

he!ero%e$eousy %rou#ed6 The %"'!ed a$d !ae$!ed #ro%ra& #ued !o# s!ude$!s ou! o' !he"r

re%uar cassroo&s 'or #er"ods o' e$r"ch&e$!6 The curr"cuu& coud be descr"bed as

!rad"!"o$a6 #6 ((1

Th"s ar!"ce aso d"scussed how cha$%es "$ ad&"$"s!ra!"o$ ead !o a$ "&#e&e$!a!"o$ o' MI

curr"cuu&6 There were o!s o' cha$%es !ha! we$! o$ a! !he schoo6 For !he &os! #ar! &os! o' !he

cha$%es were schoo w"de bu! !here were a o! o' cha$%es !ha! we$! o$ "$ s#ec"'"c cassroo&s

Me!!e!a e! a6/ (++46 BSo&e casses had cho"ce ce$!ers where s!ude$!s coud work o$ ac!"-"!"es

"$ wh"ch each "$!e"%e$ce "s used6 So&e !eachers co$sc"ousy "$cor#ora!ed !each"$% !o Mu!"#e

I$!e"%e$ces "$!o !he"r esso$s/ a$d a 'ew aso aowed s!ude$!s a cho"ce "$ how !hey woud

de&o$s!ra!e k$owed%e o' a u$"!D #6 ((16

A'!er research was co$duc!ed a! !h"s schoo as !o !he e''ec!"-e$ess o' MI "$ curr"cuu&/

Me!!e!a/ orda$/ a$d ar#er (++4< ca&e !o !he 'oow"$% co$cus"o$s:

+256777169712 Page (4





(6 Acce#!a$ce by E-eryo$e o' !he Co$ce#! o' Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces

,6 Ge$eray Pos"!"-e Reac!"o$s !o !he Schoow"de I&#e&e$!a!"o$ Fow/ Ac!"-"!y

Roo&/ E$r"ch&e$! Cus!ers o' !he MI Curr"cuu&

=6 U$e-e$ I&#e&e$!a!"o$ o' a$ MI Curr"cuu& Across Cassroo&s #6 ((<((+

as"cay !he au!hors a$d researchers saw !ha! a #eo#e "$-o-ed "$ !he schoo were -ery

acce#!"$% !o MI Theory "$ !he curr"cuu&6 There was "!!e res"s!a$ce a$d &os! a o' !he #ar!"es

"$-o-ed &ade a$ e''or! "$ "&#e&e$!a!"o$6 Aso &os! o' !he !eachers a$d s!a'' "$ !he schoo

reac!ed #os"!"-ey6 There was $o! a o! o' $e%a!"-"!y6 owe-er/ $o! a !eachers %o! "!6

9ur"$% !he (s! year/ !here were s"%$"'"ca$! d"''ere$ces a&o$% !eachers "$ how !hey

"&#e&e$!ed MI Theory "$ !he"r cassroo&s6 A!hou%h so&e were !ry"$% !o #ro-"de &ore

cho"ces !o s!ude$!s ao$% !he "$es o' MI/ o!hers see&ed o-erwhe&ed by !he !ask o'

des"%$"$% !hose ear$"$% !asks a$d e-aua!"o$6 #6 ((1

Th"s u$e-e$ "&#e&e$!a!"o$ "s why &a$y schoos are s!eer"$% cear o' us"$% MI Theory "$

curr"cuu&6

Co"$s (++< sa"d "$ h"s TIME ar!"ce !ha! BNo o$e says !ha! us"$% MI "$ schoos "s

d"rec!y "$Jur"ous6 The da$%er "s !ha! "! eads !o was!ed !"&e/ !o a$ e&#has"s o$ ess "&#or!a$!

sk"s a$d !o a 'ase se$se !ha! ear$"$% has !ake$ #ace whe$ "! has $o!D #6 (6 I$ &os! cases

!eachers are $o! us"$% MI Theory "$ "!s !rues! 'or&6 I$ Gard$er’s (++3 BMy!hs a$d Messa%esD

ar!"ce/ he we$! o$ !o address &essa%es !ha! ha-e bee$ se$! ou! co$cer$"$% use o' MI Theory "$

curr"cuu& a$d rea cassroo& e$-"ro$&e$!s !ha! ha-e bo!hered h"&6

(6 The a!!e&#! !o !each a co$ce#!s or subJec!s us"$% a !he "$!e"%e$ces6

,6 The be"e' !ha! "! su''"ces/ "$ a$d o' "!se'/ Jus! !o %o !hrou%h !he &o!"o$s o' e?erc"s"$%

a$ "$!e"%e$ce6

+256777169712 Page (<





=6 The use o' &a!er"as assoc"a!ed w"!h a$ "$!e"%e$ce "$ !he back%rou$d6

)6 The use o' "$!e"%e$ces #r"&ar"y as &$e&o$"c de-"ces6

36 The co$'a!"$% o' "$!e"%e$ces w"!h o!her des"dera!a6

16 The d"rec! e-aua!"o$ or e-e$ %rad"$% o' "$!e"%e$ces/ w"!hou! re%ard !o co$!e?! or

co$!e$!6 #6 ,*1,*4

Gard$er -"ewed a o' !hese a##"ca!"o$s o' MI Theory "$ !he cassroo& as su#er'"c"a6 MI

Theory ca$$o! aways be used "$ e-ery cassroo&/ a$d "' "! "s be"$% used "$ a cassroo&s/ "! "s

#robaby $o! be"$% used correc!y6 Educa!ors rea"Hed !ha! a !he"r s!ude$!s ear$ d"''ere$!y a$d

!ha! we &us! co$s"der !ha! so&e o' our s!ude$!s w" be abe !o #er'or& be!!er "$ so&e areas !ha$

"$ o!hers6 owe-er/ eua"!y o' Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces "$ !he curr"cuu& coud be &ore har&'u

!ha$ %ood6

I' we %o !hrou%h a coser e?a&"$a!"o$ o' wha! has bee$ co$s"dered a$ eua a##"ca!"o$

o' "$!e"%e$ces/ we d"sco-er !ha! eua &ea$s d"u!"$% !he "$!e"%e$ces !o a##"ca!"o$ o'

!he"r owes! co&&o$ de$o&"$a!or/ !he$ we &us! co$!"$ue !o e-aua!e/ re-"se a$d seek

o!her "$!er#re!a!"o$s a$d sou!"o$s a$d $o! co$!e$! ourse-es w"!h u"ck '"?es or #a$aceas6

asse/ (++</ #6 1*

I' educa!ors w"sh !o use MI Theory "$ !he"r curr"cuu& a$d assess&e$! "! "s "&#or!a$! !ha! !he

ac!"-"!"es be a #rac!"ca a$d use'u a##"ca!"o$6

'an Intelligences -e Determined in Peple.

No! o$% a'!er oward Gard$er reeased h"s MI !heory/ #eo#e be%a$ !o a!!ack h"&

because !he "$!e"%e$ces coud $o! be #ro-e$/ a$d !hey coud $o! be assessed6 I$ a (++)

res#o$se !o Gard$er’s cr"!"c"H"$% cr"!"ue o' o$e o' h"s #a#ers/ Rober!6 6 S!er$ber% (+<)

addressed !he u$#ro-e$ !heory6 BI$ 'ac!/ $o e?#er"&e$!s des"%$ed !o !es! Gard$er’s !heory e?"s!

+256777169712 Page (+





ye!/ a$d Gard$er’s !es!s o' h"s "$!e"%e$ces do $o! e?"s! ye! e"!her/ so "! &ay be #re&a!ure !o

co&#are !he& w"!h o!her !es!sD #6 4**6 S!er$ber%’s s!ud"es rea!ed &os!y !o %e$era

"$!e"%e$ce a$d co%$"!"o$6 As &e$!"o$ed #re-"ousy Gard$er 'e! !ha! &os! #eo#e were

#ro'"c"e$! "$ o$e area or a$o!her a$d !ha! "$!e"%e$ce was $o! %e$era6 O$e I8 score shoud $o!

de!er&"$e a ch"d’s educa!"o$a 'u!ure6 BEduca!ors ha-e o'!e$ a!!e&#!ed !o accou$! 'or !he

d"scre#a$c"es be!wee$ !he ab""!"es we see "$ s!ude$!s a$d e$d resu!s such as %rades or

s!a$dard"Hed !es! scoresD McCaskey/ (++3/ #6 316 Gard$er (+<) does $o! d"sa%ree !ha! !here

are so&e sk"s or !ra"!s !ha! ca$ be accura!ey &easurabe/ bu! he aso 'e! !ha! !hese sk"s are

o$y sk"&&"$% !he !o# o' !he 'u ra$%e o' "$!e"%e$ce6 There "s a o! &ore !o co%$"!"o$ !ha$ a

'ew bas"c sk"s6 Gard$er we$! o$ !o say abou! co%$"!"o$ B"! "s &ore co$cer$ed w"!h a ra$%e o'

k"$ds o' "$'or&a!"o$/ or/ &ore #rec"sey/ se#ara!e co$!e$!s/ !ha! s"&#y ca$$o! be coa#sed "$!o

o$e "$!eec!ua hea#D #6 1++6

Tho&as Ar&s!ro$% ,*** !h"$ks &uch !he sa&e as S!er$ber% a$d "$ h"s book Multiple

Intelligences in the 'lassrm he sa"d BNo !es! ca$ accura!ey de!er&"$e !he $a!ure or ua"!y o'

a #erso$’s "$!e"%e$ceD #6 (,6 owe-er/ Ar&s!ro$% does be"e-e !es!"$% "$!e"%e$ce !hrou%h

#a#er a$d #e$c" !es!s woud o$y be !a##"$% "$!o !he o%"ca a$d "$%u"s!"c "$!e"%e$ces6

Ar&s!ro$% we$! o$ !o descr"be wha! he !hou%h! !o be !he bes! &e!hod !o de!er&"$e "$!e"%e$ce/

BThe bes! way !o assess your ow$ &u!"#e "$!e"%e$ces/ !here'ore/ "s !hrou%h a rea"s!"c

a##ra"sa o' your #er'or&a$ce "$ !he &a$y k"$ds o' !asks/ ac!"-"!"es/ a$d e?#er"e$ces assoc"a!ed

w"!h each "$!e"%e$ceD #6 (,6 e 'e! "$!e"%e$ces coud o$y be 'os!ered !hrou%h rea "'e

e?#er"e$ces/ a$d he su%%es!ed !hree 'ac!ors !ha! woud "$'ue$ce "$!e"%e$ce de-eo#&e$!6

Ar&s!ro$% ,*** be"e-ed !ha! a #erso$’s b"oo%"ca back%rou$d/ #erso$a e?#er"e$ces/ a$d

cu!ura a$d soc"a back%rou$d woud #ay a$ "&#or!a$! roe "$ wh"ch o' Gard$er’s "$!e"%e$ces

+256777169712 Page ,*





woud e&er%e a!er "$ "'e6 Gard$er has aso sa"d o$ &a$y occas"o$s !ha! a #eo#e #ossess a o'

!he "$!e"%e$ces/ bu! "'e e-e$!s w" de!er&"$e wh"ch o$es are $ur!ured6

I$ de!er&"$"$% "$!e"%e$ce/ so&e researchers say we shoud ook !o bra"$ 'u$c!"o$"$%6

There has bee$ s"%$"'"ca$! research do$e "$ de!er&"$a!"o$ o' wh"ch he&"s#here o' !he bra"$ "s

res#o$s"be 'or a "'e 'u$c!"o$"$%6 B.he$ !he cor#us caosu&/ or bu$de o' $er-es co$$ec!"$%

!he !wo he&"s#heres/ "s se-ered !he e'! he&"s#here res#o$ds be!!er !o -erba/ seue$!"a/ a$d

"$ear #rocess"$% wh"e !he r"%h! he&"s#here "s "$c"$ed !oward $o$-erba/ s#a!"a-"sua/ a$d

s"&u!a$eous #rocess"$%D Ca&#be a$d Sco!!ass$er/ ,**,/ #6 ,46 The au!hors o' !h"s

#re-"ous #assa%e do $o! '"$d 'au! w"!h Gard$er’s !heory a$d say !ha! "! coud s!a$d o$ "!s ow$/

bu! !ha! !here &ay be so&e !ru!h !o "$!e"%e$ces 'a"$% "$ o$e he&"s#here or a$o!her6

Le'!he&"s#here #rocesses are e&#has"Hed "$ "$%u"s!"c a$d o%"ca&a!he&a!"ca

"$!e"%e$ces/ wh"e s#a!"a "$!e"%e$ces re'ec!s r"%h!he&"s#here e?cee$ce6

I$!er#erso$a a$d "$!ra#erso$a "$!e"%e$ces e&a$a!e 'ro& r"%h!he&"s#here 'u$c!"o$s6

Mus"ca "$!e"%e$ce "s baa$ced by #rocesses o' bo!h he&"s#heres/ 'or "! aows

seue$!"a e'!bra"$ed #rocess"$% !hrou%h "!s #erce#!"o$ o' dura!"o$a a$d #"!ch #a!!er$s

a$d #hrases/ a$d s"&u!a$eous r"%h!bra"$ #rocess"$% !hrou%h "!s #erce#!"o$ o' -ar"ous

#oy#ho$"c !e?!ures/ "$cud"$% har&o$y6 The bod"yk"$es!he!"c "$!e"%e$ce "s !he o$y

e&#has"s !ha! a##ears !o s!e& &ore 'ro& !he &o!or a$d se$sory #ar!s o' !he cor!e? !ha$

'ro& e"!her he&"s#here "$ #ar!"cuar6 Ca&#be a$d Sco!!ass$er/ ,**,/ ##6,4,<

Fro& !h"s "$'or&a!"o$ "! "s #oss"be !ha! researchers $eed !o e?a&"$e bra"$ 'u$c!"o$"$% dur"$%

ac!"-"!"es !ha! a##y !o each "$!e"%e$ce !o de!er&"$e where !he he"%h!e$ed ac!"-"!y "s6 owe-er/

!h"s woud o$y !e us !ha! ac!"-"!"es rea!"$% !o cer!a"$ "$!e"%e$ces ac!uay e?"s! o$ !he e'!/

r"%h!/ or bo!h s"des o' !he bra"$6 I! woud $o! %o !he e?!ra s!e# "$ show"$% "' !ha! #erso$ has a

+256777169712 Page ,(





he"%h!e$ed ab""!y "$ cer!a"$ "$!e"%e$ces6 So/ "! "s a##are$! !ha! e-e$ !hou%h "$d"-"duas &ay

show he"%h!e$ed acu"!y "$ o$e "$!e"%e$ce or a$o!her/ "! "s cose !o "&#oss"be !o de!er&"$e

wh"ch o' Gard$er’s "$!e"%e$ces !hey ac!uay ha-e6

Musical Intelligence In and Outside the Music 'lassrm

.he$ Gard$er #ub"shed h"s !heory "$ !he eary e"%h!"es/ &us"c educa!ors were -ery

e?c"!ed6 To !h"s day/ !hose who !each &us"c k$ow !here are s!ude$!s who #er'or& e?ce#!"o$ay

we "$ &us"c/ bu! &ay s!ru%%e "$ &a!h/ sc"e$ce/ or e-e$ read"$%6 I! "s/ howe-er/ #oss"be !oday

!ha! Gard$er’s or"%"$a !heory o' !he &us"ca "$!e"%e$ce "s $o! be"$% hed !rue !o 'or& "$

cassroo&s/ bo!h &us"ca a$d $o$&us"ca6

Ma$y schoos are "$cor#ora!"$% MI Theory "$!o !he"r curr"cuu&s a$d !ha! has e'! &a$y

&us"c educa!ors wo$der"$% how !hey w" "$cor#ora!e a se-e$ "$!o !he"r cass/ e! ao$e 'os!er

!he s!ude$!s who are &us"cay "$!e"%e$!6 I$ a$ ar!"ce 'or !he Music Educatrs +urnal / Ca!hy

asse (++< sa"d BMus"c educa!ors $eed !o s!o# a$d re'ec! cr"!"cay be'ore a##y"$% !he

Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces !heory a$d co$s"der !he "$!e%r"!y o' &us"c a$d ear$"$% "$ %e$eraD #6 ,+6

As educa!ors we k$ow !ha! we ca$ o$y &ake dec"s"o$s !ha! are bes! 'or our s!ude$!s whe$ we

ha-e cear %oas 'or !he"r ach"e-e&e$!6 Gard$er d"d$’! !h"$k a$y ess !ha$ !h"s6 asse we$! o$

!o say BAr&ed w"!h a #h"oso#hy o' &us"c educa!"o$/ &us"c educa!ors w" !he$ be be!!er

eu"##ed !o a$swer de&a$ds !ha! are &ade o$ !he& by !he #ub"c a$d ad&"$"s!ra!ors !o "$cude

MI ac!"-"!"es "$ !he"r &us"c #ro%ra&sD #6 ,+6

Mus"c !e$ds !o be used "$ se-era !y#es o' ac!"-"!"es cosey assoc"a!ed w"!h MI Theory6

These ac!"-"!"es usuay !e$d !o esse$ !he -aue o' a #ro#er &us"c educa!"o$6 asse (++<

we$! o$ !o &e$!"o$ed/ BMuch o' !he MI "!era!ure su%%es!s e?erc"ses !ha! "$k &e&or"H"$%

acade&"c co$!e$! w"!h rhy!h&s a$d s"&#e so$%sD #6 =*6 S"&#y s"$%"$% a so$% !o ear$

+256777169712 Page ,,





#re#os"!"o$s/ &u!"#"ca!"o$ !abes/ or !he ca#"!as o' !he s!a!es/ "s $o! a$ e''"c"e$! use o' !he

&us"ca "$!e"%e$ce6 I$ !h"s case B&us"c "s s"&#y a !oo 'or e$ha$c"$% &e&oryD #6 =*6 I! "s

us"$% &us"c "$ a o%"ca a$d or "$%u"s!"c 'u$c!"o$6 BAs &us"c"a$s we rea"He7!ha! !he &a!er"a

"s $o! be"$% !au%h! !hrou%h a$ a##"ca!"o$ o' &us"ca "$!e"%e$ceD #6 =*6 S!ude$!s are $o!

ear$"$% !he !rue &ea$"$% o' !he $o!es/ !he #"!ches/ or #a!!er$s o' !he &us"c6

asse addressed !he $e?! ac!"-"!y/ B.r"!"$% !he yr"cs !o so$%s !o de&o$s!ra!e o$es’

u$ders!a$d"$% o' !he co$!e$! o' a esso$ "s a co$s"s!e$! su%%es!"o$ 'ro& &a$y sources 'or

"$!e%ra!"$% !he "$!e"%e$ces "$!o !he esso$sD (++</ #6 =(6 A%a"$/ are s!ude$!s reay 'os!er"$%

!he"r &us"ca "$!e"%e$ce/ or Jus! us"$% &us"c as a$ a"de !o 'os!er "$%u"s!"c "$!e"%e$ce;

S!ude$!s are $o! ear$"$% &uch abou! ac!ua &us"c/ bu! e?a&"$"$% #a!!er$s a$d wr"!"$% $ew

words6

The as! ac!"-"!y asse addressed was abou! s#e"$%6 Mus"c !eachers 'or years ha-e had

s!ude$!s s#e ou! words !o he# ear$ !he $a&es o' !he "$es a$d s#aces/ bu! asse (++</ #6 =(

descr"bed a$ ac!"-"!y where !he keys o' !he #"a$o are abeed w"!h !he e!!ers o' !he a#habe! a$d

s!ude$!s ear$ !o s#e words by #ress"$% !he keys6 She sa"d !eachers !h"$k !ha! s!ude$!s w" be

abe !o &a!ch !he #"!ch #a!!er$s a$d !he$ be abe !o s#e !he word back6 asse sa"d BTh"s "s

ba!a$!y u$&us"ca 'or se-era reaso$s6 Labe"$% !he keyboard us"$% !he e$!"re a#habe! ca$ $o!

o$y be co$'us"$% !o s!ude$!s who are aready 'a&""ar w"!h !he &us"ca a#habe!/ bu! "! "s s"&#y

$o! a$ au!he$!"c &us"ca e?#er"e$ceD (++</ #6 =(6 There are !oo &a$y ues!"o$s a$d oo#hoes

w"!h !h"s ac!"-"!y/ a$d "! woud $o! o$y hur! !he "$!e%r"!y o' !he &us"ca "$!e"%e$ce/ bu! coud be

har&'u "$ 'os!er"$% o!her "$!e"%e$ces as we6 asse sa"d !ha! !o a-o"d !hese u$au!he$!"c uses

o' !he &us"ca "$!e"%e$ce BTeachers $eed !o beco&e &ore wary o' #u"$% sk"s ou! o' co$!e?!

a$d eua!"$% &e&or"Ha!"o$ w"!h u$ders!a$d"$%/ bo!h o' wh"ch 'ac""!a!e a$ e$-"ro$&e$! !ha!

+256777169712 Page ,=





s"&#y re"es o$ ro!e ear$"$% a$d !ra$s&"ss"o$ o' "$'or&a!"o$D #6 =(6

asse (++< su%%es!ed !ha! because o' !h"s !ha! educa!ors &ay $eed !o ook cosey a!

whe!her so&e s#ec"'"c sk"s/ whe!her !hey be &us"c or so&e!h"$% ese/ &ay $o! be abe !o be

!au%h! "$ a u$"! based o$ MI Theory6 I! "s #oss"be/ howe-er/ !ha! &us"c educa!ors ca$ crea!e

u$"!s based o$ MI Theory6 asse sa"d !ha! B"$ks ca$ be &ade !ha! &ake use o' &us"c as a

d"sc"#"$e a$d as a way o' k$ow"$%/ ra!her !ha$ &ak"$% su#er'"c"a co$$ec!"o$s !ha! co&#ro&"se

"$!e%r"!y o' a &us"c #ro%ra&D #6 =,6 Mus"c educa!ors ca$ do !h"s by s"&#y %o"$% beyo$d

!each"$% s!ude$!s how !o #ay !he &us"c/ bu! by reay s!ar!"$% !o ha-e s!ude$!s e?a&"$e !he

&ea$"$% beh"$d !he &us"c/ how a$d why !he &us"c was co&#osed/ a$d !he !heore!"ca

co&#o$e$!s o' co&#os"!"o$s6 Ma$y h"%h schoo ba$d a$d chora s!ude$!s ea-e h"%h schoo w"!h

a "&"!ed k$owed%e o' &us"c/ a$d o$y k$ow how !o s"$%/ or !o #ay !here "$s!ru&e$!s6 Ma$y

chora s!ude$!s ea-e h"%h schoo $o! k$ow"$% how !o read &us"c6

asse (++< aso sa"d !ha! "! was #oss"be !o ha-e co$$ec!"o$s across !he curr"cuu& "$

wh"ch &us"c was "$-o-ed6 She su%%es!ed ac!"-"!"es B"$ wh"ch s!ude$!s are asked !o ac!"-ey

e?#er"e$ce &us"c !hrou%h "s!e$"$%/ crea!"$%/ a$d "&#ro-"s"$%/ or #er'or&"$%D #6 =,6 O$e

e?a&#e woud be !o ha-e s!ude$!s e?a&"$e &us"c 'ro& d"''ere$! !"&e #er"ods a$d d"scuss how

!he &us"c o' !he !"&e #er"od "$'ue$ced !he cu!ure a$d soc"a c"&a!e/ a$d -"ce -ersa6 A$o!her

e?a&#e woud be !o ha-e s!ude$!s "s!e$ !o &us"cK e?a&"$e !he dy$a&"cs/ !he !e?!ure/ as we as

o!her ee&e$!s a$d ha-e !he& wr"!e a s!ory !o acco&#a$y !he &us"c6 S!ude$!s shoud be abe !o

e?#a"$ why !he"r s!ory %oes w"!h !he so$%6 Th"s "s reach"$% across curr"cuu& a$d across MI

Theory as we/ 'os!er"$% bo!h s!ude$!s w"!h &us"ca a$d "$%u"s!"c "$!e"%e$ces6

'nclusin

I! "s a##are$! !ha! MI !heory e$co&#asses a o! o' research a$d "deas6 I! has bee$ #ra"sed

+256777169712 Page ,)





a$d a!!acked by educa!ors/ #sychoo%"s!s/ a$d curr"cuar"s!s s"$ce "!s "$ce#!"o$6 Needess !o say/

&os! #eo#e ca$$o! doub! !he #oss"b""!y o' "!s e?"s!e$ce/ howe-er/ &os! w" ar%ue w"!h !he ack

o' assess&e$! !oos/ "! woud be hard !o a##y "$ !he cassroo&6 I 'ee/ howe-er/ as educa!ors we

!ake !he #oss"b""!y o' MI Theory "$!o accou$! &ore o'!e$ !ha$ $o!/ e-e$ "' "! "s $o! "$ !he way

Gard$er woud see '"!6 I! he#s us !o see !ha! a #eo#e are ca#abe o' success/ e-e$ !hou%h !hey

&ay $o! ha-e &ade !he bes! %rades "$ h"%h schoo/ or !hey a!!e$ded a -oca!"o$a schoo6 A

hu&a$s w"sh !o be o-ed/ 'ee acce#!ed/ a$d 'ee !hey are wor!hwh"e6 Tha$ks !o Gard$er/ !hese

"$d"-"duas ca$ ha-e !h"s 'ee"$%6

+256777169712 Page ,3





Cha#!er =

Intrductin

I! "s a##are$! 'ro& !he research !ha! has bee$ do$e !ha! us"$% Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ce MI

Theory "$ !he cassroo& "s a -"abe o#!"o$ 'or !eachers ook"$% 'or sou!"o$s !o e-eryday

cassroo& #robe&s6 E-e$ !hou%h !here are $o! !r"ed a$d !rue assess&e$!s a-a"abe !ha! a

de!er&"$e !he "$!e"%e$ces o' s!ude$!s a$d b assess s!ude$!s based o$ !he"r "de$!"'"ed

"$!e"%e$ce/ !here are !h"$%s !ha! !eachers ca$ do !o he# 'os!er !he "$!e"%e$ces o' !he s!ude$!s "$

!he"r cassroo&s6 Th"s s!udy w" e?a&"$e !he roe MI Theory #ays "$ %e!!"$% s!ude$!s !o

#er'or& be!!er o$ e-eryday cassroo& ass"%$&e$!s6

Prblem Statement/esearch 0uestin

I! has bee$ &y e?#er"e$ce !ha! s!ude$!s are u$&o!"-a!ed !o do ass"%$&e$!s !ha! are $o! o'

"$!eres! !o !he&6 S!ude$!s e"!her do$’! do !he work or !ry !o %e! by w"!h as "!!e as #oss"be6 Th"s

resu!s "$ a $u&ber o' $e%a!"-e !h"$%s6 F"rs! a$d 'ore&os!/ !he s!ude$! w" su''er acade&"cay6

.he$ s!ude$!s e"!her do$’! co&#e!e ass"%$&e$!s/ or do so #oory/ !h"s resu!s "$ owered scores/

!hus a''ec!"$% !he"r o-era %rade #o"$! a-era%e6 Ma$y e?cee$! s!ude$!s ha-e #assed !hrou%h

&y &us"c cass/ a cass !ha! "s $o! we o-ed by &a$y/ a$d !ry !o sueak by/ bu! e$d u# w"!h a

bad %rade6 A$o!her $e%a!"-e "s !ha! !he s!ude$! so&e!"&es d"s#ays #oor co$duc! whe$ !hey are

$o! "$!eres!ed or &o!"-a!ed !o do da"y ass"%$&e$!s6 Th"s "$ !ur$ coud d"s!rac! o!her s!ude$!s

who $or&ay woud ha-e %ood beha-"or6 The de#e$de$! -ar"abe "$ !h"s s!udy w" be !he !y#e

o' "$s!ruc!"o$ a$d !he assess&e$! %"-e$ a! !he e$d o' !he esso$6 The "$de#e$de$! -ar"abe w"

be !he co$!e$! o' !he esso$6 The #ur#ose o' !h"s s!udy "s !o see "' by %"-"$% s!ude$!s "$s!ruc!"o$

%eared !oward !he"r "$!e"%e$ce do&a"$ !hey w" ach"e-e a h"%her score o$ a$ assess&e$! o-er

!he %"-e$ &a!er"a;

+256777169712 Page ,1





%udience #r esearch

The resu!s o' !h"s s!udy coud a##ea !o a w"de $u&ber o' aud"e$ces6 F"rs! w" be

!eachers "$ a subJec!s6 I' !eachers ca$ see resu!s 'ro& e-e$ o$e s&a s!udy/ !hey &ay be

w""$% !o !ry ou! so&e MI !ech$"ues "$ !he"r cassroo&s6 I$ !ak"$% w"!h coea%ues "! "s

a##are$! !ha! &o!"-a!"o$ a$d ach"e-e&e$! "ssues are be"$% see$ "$ a subJec!s6 I' !eachers ca$

see !ha! by !weak"$% ass"%$&e$!s Jus! a "!!e/ !h"s w" "&#ro-e ach"e-e&e$!/ !he$ ho#e'uy !h"s

s!udy has do$e "!s Job6 A$o!her aud"e$ce w" be schoo ad&"$"s!ra!ors6 y #rese$!"$% !he

resu!s !o !he ad&"$"s!ra!ors !ha! w" be e"!her be a ca!ays! !o he# "&#e&e$! schoo w"de MI

Theory curr"cuu&/ or "' !he resu!s do$’! show a #os"!"-e correa!"o$ "$ 'a-or o' MI Theory/ !he

ad&"$"s!ra!ors ca$ co$!"$ue !o ook 'or &ore "deas !o he# !eachers6 I ho#e !ha! a! !he e$d o' !h"s

s!udy !ha! o!her !eachers a$d ad&"$"s!ra!ors w" be "$!eres!ed "$ !ry"$% ou! !he MI Theory

!ech$"ues "$ !he"r schoos a$d cassroo&s6 Las!y/ bo!h s!ude$!s a$d !he"r #are$!s ca$ be$e'"!

'ro& !he resu!s o' !h"s s!udy6 I$ !he e$d/ !h"s s!udy w" be show"$% s!ude$!s where !he"r

"$!e"%e$ces are6 Th"s &ay %u"de s!ude$!s who &ay be u$dec"ded o$ a career #a!h !o s!ar!

&ak"$% dec"s"o$s abou! !he"r 'u!ure/ a$d "! &ay %u"de #are$!s "$ '"$d"$% sources o' &o!"-a!"o$

a$d e$coura%e&e$! 'or !he"r ch"d6 A "$d"-"duas ca$ be$e'"! 'ro& k$ow"$% how Mu!"#e

I$!e"%e$ces a''ec! !he"r o-era ear$"$% a$d 'u$c!"o$"$%6

Signi#icance # Multiple Intelligence Study

Th"s s!udy "s s"%$"'"ca$! because "! w" he# !eachers see !ha! a s!ude$!s are $o! !he sa&e

a$d !ha! !hey coud ear$ !he sa&e &a!er"a by do"$% d"''ere$! ass"%$&e$!s or us"$% d"''ere$!

"$s!ruc!"o$a !ech$"ues ra!her !ha$ e-eryo$e do"$% !he sa&e !h"$% or us"$% !he sa&e

"$s!ruc!"o$a !ech$"ues "$ a casses6 Teachers ha-e aways ooked a! s!ude$! ear$"$% s!yes/

bu! Mu!"#e I!e"%e$ces are d"''ere$!6 I! "s &ore how we !h"$k/ !ha$ how we ear$6 I' !eachers

+256777169712 Page ,4





ca$ '"$d ways !o "de$!"'y !he "$!e"%e$ces o' !he"r s!ude$!s/ "! w" he# !he& "$ bu"d"$% a

re#er!o"re o' ac!"-"!"es a$d ass"%$&e$!s !o su"! !he $eeds o' a s!ude$!s "$ !he cass6 I! "s

"&#or!a$! !o $o!e !ha! "! woud be $ear "&#oss"be !o co&e u# w"!h a #a#er a$d #e$c" !es! 'or

each o' !he "$!e"%e$ces/ because by do"$% !ha! you are "&"!"$% !ha! !o s!ude$!s !ha! ha-e s!ro$%

"$%u"s!"c sk"s6 A! !he e$d o' !h"s s!udy I ho#e !o be &ore aware o' !he "$!e"%e$ces o' &y

s!ude$!s a$d w" use !ha! "$ #a$$"$% ac!"-"!"es a$d ass"%$&e$!s6 I! &ay reu"re &ore work/ bu!

"! w" be$e'"! !he s!ude$!s "$ !he o$% ru$6

S!ude$!s coud be$e'"! 'ro& !he resu!s o' !he s!udy6 I' s!ude$!s are aware o' !he"r

"$!e"%e$ces "! &ay ass"s! !he& "$ be"$% abe !o co&#e!e ass"%$&e$!s &ore e''"c"e$!y6 They ca$

ear$ !ech$"ues !ha! s!"&ua!e !he"r "$!e"%e$ce do&a"$ a$d ho#e'uy '"$d ways !o co$$ec! !he

!ech$"ues across !he curr"cuu&6

A$o!her s"%$"'"ca$ce o' !he s!udy "s !ha! schoos coud use !he "$'or&a!"o$ !o see "'

'ur!her research coud be co$duc!ed by "&#e&e$!"$% MI curr"cuu&s6 The resu!s o' !h"s s!udy

shoud $o! be !he soe bas"s 'or s!ar!"$% a$ MI curr"cuu& based educa!"o$/ bu! "! coud be used

as a bas"s 'or ook"$% "$!o !he #oss"b""!y o' "!6 Teachers "$ schoos !ha! dec"ded !ha! MI

curr"cuu& "s $o! !he bes! '"! 'or !he& coud s!" use so&e o' !he "deas "$ !he"r day !o day

cassroo& ac!"-"!"es6

esearch Methds and Design

Th"s s!udy w" use ua$!"!a!"-e research &e!hods6 SubJec!s "$ !he s!udy w" be a sa&#e

o' co$-e$"e$ce wh"ch w" "$cude 1* s!ude$!s 'ro& !wo &us"c casses a! Gree$ Cou$!y

I$!er&ed"a!e Schoo GCIS6 GCIS "s oca!ed "$ Gree$sbur%/ / a rura co&&u$"!y oca!ed "$

ce$!ra e$!ucky6 The schoo "s ho&e !o a##ro?"&a!ey )** s!ude$!s "$ %rades !hree !hrou%h '"-e

a$d has a !eacher !o s!ude$! ra!"o o' o$e !o '"'!ee$6 Gree$ Cou$!y I$!er&ed"a!e Schoo "s

+256777169712 Page ,<





#redo&"$a$!y &ade u# o' Caucas"a$ s!ude$!s/ w"!h +< o' !he s!ude$!s "de$!"'y"$% w"!h !h"s

e!h$"c"!y6 Two #erce$! o' s!ude$!s "de$!"'"ed as be"$% back/ a$d ess !ha$ ( each as "s#a$"c

a$d o!her6 Se-e$!y!hree #erce$! o' !he schoo’s #o#ua!"o$ #ar!"c"#a!es "$ !he 'ree a$d reduced

u$ch #ro%ra&6 I w" be !he o$y researcher co$duc!"$% !he s!udy6 I hod a acheors 9e%ree "$

Mus"c Educa!"o$ 'ro& Ca&#bes-"e U$"-ers"!y a$d curre$!y a& #ursu"$% a Mas!ers o' Ar!s "$

Educa!"o$ w"!h s#ec"a e&#has"s "$ G"'!ed Educa!"o$6

The "$"!"a research w" s!ar! w"!h &ak"$% s!ude$!s aware o' !he research !ha! w" be

co$duc!ed6 S!ude$!s w" be &ade aware !ha! a! $o !"&e w" !he"r $a&es be used "$ !he '"$a

dra'! o' !he research resu!s6 A'!er &ak"$% s!ude$!s 'uy aware o' !he"r #ar!"c"#a!"o$/ a$

"$!e"%e$ce sur-ey A##e$d"? A w" be ad&"$"s!ered !o a #ar!"c"#a!"$% s!ude$!s6 The sur-ey

w" co$s"s! o' !h"r!y'"-e s!a!e&e$!s "$ wh"ch s!ude$!s w" "de$!"'y whe!her a s!a!e&e$!

descr"bes !he& or $o!6 ecause !hese s!ude$!s are s!" co$s"dered ee&e$!ary a%e a$d !o

acco&&oda!e a IEP’s I w" read each s!a!e&e$! !o !he cass a$d car"'y !he &ea$"$% "' $eeded6

Aso !he %e$era #o#ua!"o$ "$ each cass/ !hose !ha! do $o! rece"-e s#ec"a educa!"o$ ser-"ces/

does co$!a"$ a s"%$"'"ca$! $u&ber o' s!ude$!s who rece"-e read"$% "$!er-e$!"o$ !hrou%h Res#o$se

!o I$!er-e$!"o$ ser-"ces a! !he schoo6 To e$sure -a"d"!y a$d re"ab""!y s!ude$!s w" $o! score

!he"r ow$ sur-eys6 The resu!s w" be re-"ewed !o see how h"%h s!ude$!s scored "$ wha! I w"

ca !he B"% F"-eD "$!e"%e$ce do&a"$s6 These '"-e do&a"$s are !he o$es !ha! I 'ee are &os!

used "$ da"y cassroo& e?#er"e$ces a$d are &us"ca/ s#a!"a0-"sua/ k"$es!he!"c/ "$%u"s!"c0-erba/

a$d &a!he&a!"ca0o%"ca6 The resu!s w" be docu&e$!ed a$d '"ed !o be used !o rea!e 'ur!her

da!a resu!s !o6

Foow"$% !he re-"ew o' !he sur-ey bo!h casses w" !he$ rece"-e a esso$ o' a &us"ca

!o#"c6 I &ade !he dec"s"o$ !o re!each a !o#"c co-ered ear"er "$ !he year !o he# s!ude$!s #re#are

+256777169712 Page ,+





'or u#co&"$% schoo co&&o$ assess&e$!s6 o!h casses w" rece"-e a !eacher des"%$ed esso$

o$ rhy!h&"c $o!a!"o$6 To#"cs !ha! w" be co-ered "$ !he esso$ w" be de'"$"!"o$s o' rhy!h&/

bea!/ a$d !"&e s"%$a!ureK -aues a$d sy&bos 'or whoe/ ha'/ uar!er/ a$d e"%h!h $o!es a$d res!sK

do!!ed rhy!h&sK a$d/ wr"!"$% a$d #er'or&"$% rhy!h&s6 I$ !he co$!ro cass I w" o$y be us"$% !he

ec!ure &e!hod o' "$s!ruc!"o$6 I w" be cha$%"$% &y "$s!ruc!"o$a de"-ery &e!hod 'or !he

e?#er"&e$!a cass/ us"$% !ech$"ues !ha! w" a##ea !o !he -ar"ous Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces #rese$!

"$ !he cass6 These s!ude$!s w" rece"-e a %u"de shee! !ha! w" he# #ace !he "$s!ruc!"o$

A##e$d"? 6 Th"s w" a##ea !o !he s!ude$!s w"!h h"%h -"sua "$!e"%e$ce6 The -"sua s!ude$!s

"$ !he cass w" aso be draw$ !o be"$% abe !o see !he $o!e a$d res! sy&bos a$d !he breakdow$

o' !he $o!e !ree6 I w" aso be %o"$% o-er !he shee! oray/ wh"ch w" a##ea !o !he s!ude$!s w"!h

-erba "$!e"%e$ces "$ !he cass6 These s!ude$!s $eed !o $o! o$y see a$d do !h"$%s/ bu! be$e'"!

'ro& be"$% abe !o hear "! as we6 Aso by hear"$% how cer!a"$ rhy!h&"c $o!e -aues sou$d/ !hey

&ay be abe !o a##y !ha! a!er o$ a$ assess&e$!6 The s!ude$!s w"!h &a!he&a!"ca0o%"s!"ca

s!re$%!hs w" be abe !o see !he breakdow$ o' !he $o!es "$ !he $o!e !ree/ how &us"ca $o!es a$d

res!s rea!e !o &a!he&a!"ca 'rac!"o$s/ reco%$"He !he o%"s!"ca #a!!er$s "$ wr"!"$% &us"ca

rhy!h&s/ a$d !he breakdow$ o' wha! a do! does !o a $o!e whe$ added !o "! adds ha' !he -aue o'

!he $o!e6 For !hose w"!h k"$es!he!"c s!re$%!hs/ I w" be do"$% a$ ac!"-"!y where we #er'or&

rhy!h&s us"$% d"''ere$! bod"y &o-e&e$!s k"cks 'or uar!er $o!e/ #u$ches 'or e"%h!h $o!es/ e!c66

Th"s w" %e! !he& u# ou! o' !he"r cha"rs a$d e! !he& !h"$k abou! &us"ca $o!a!"o$ "$ a way !hey

&ay had $o! be'ore6

I de!er&"$ed !ha! !hese !ech$"ues were re"abe a$d -a"d by -"s"!"$% !he webs"!e 'or !he

%rou# I$$o-a!"-e Teach"$% Co$ce#!s ,**+6 There webs"!e s!a!es !ha! !hey are B#ro-"d"$% !he

educa!"o$a co&&u$"!y a resource 'or curr"cuu& "$!e%ra!"o$/ "$s!ruc!"o$a !ech$oo%y/ a$d

+256777169712 Page =*





cassroo& &a$a%e&e$! "$ !he ee&e$!ary %radesD #6 (6

A'!er each cass rece"-es !he "$s!ruc!"o$ !hey w" !ake a$ a shor! !e$ ues!"o$ !es! !ha!

co$s"s!s o' $"$e &u!"#e cho"ce ues!"o$s co-er"$% !o#"cs 'ro& !he esso$ a$d o$e ues!"o$ !ha!

has !he& wr"!e a shor! !wo &easure rhy!h& "$ 'our 'our !"&e6 Th"s !es! w" be wor!h (** #o"$!s

a$d I w" be ook"$% !o see how s!ude$!s #er'or&ed "$ each cass6 To #ro-e &y hy#o!hes"s/ I

w" be ook"$% 'or h"%her scores "$ &y e?#er"&e$!a cass6

I$ add"!"o$ !o !he ac!ua %raded ass"%$&e$!s/ I w" aso be %"-"$% s!ude$!s a sur-ey !o see

how we !hey "ked !he esso$ a$d !he de"-ery &e!hod "$ wh"ch "! was !au%h!6 I$ add"!"o$ I w"

re%"-e !he "$!e"%e$ce sur-ey !o see "' I %e! s"&"ar resu!s6 A! !he co$cus"o$ o' !he s!udy/ I

ho#e !o see !ha! !here "s a "$k !o !he s!ude$!s’ resu!s o$ !he "$!e"%e$ce sur-eys/ !he %rade !hey

rece"-ed o$ !he assess&e$!/ a$d !he casses’ reac!"o$s !o !he "$s!ruc!"o$a &e!hod ec!ure -ersus

Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces6 Th"s w" ser-e as !he !r"a$%ua!"o$ "$ !h"s research #roJec!6

Th"s #roJec! a$d research w" !ake #ace o-er a course o' se-era weeks due !o !he 'ac!

!ha! s!ude$!s o$y co&e !o &us"c cass o$ce a week6

• .eek (

o S!ude$!s &ade aware o' research s!udy be"$% co$duc!ed

o I$!e"%e$ce sur-ey ad&"$"s!ered

• .eek ,

o S!ude$!s rece"-e !he "$s!ruc!"o$a esso$

o Assess&e$! ad&"$"s!ered

• .eek =

o S!ude$!s re!ake MI sur-ey

o S!ude$!s '" ou! e-aua!"o$ sur-ey o-er esso$

+256777169712 Page =(





• .eek )

o A da!a a$ayHed a$d resu!s shared w"!h s!ude$!s6

Th"s research #roJec! w" $o! reu"re a se! bud%e!6 Nor&a cassroo& &a!er"as a$d

de#ar!&e$!a 'u$ds w" be used 'or bas"c su##"es such as &ak"$% co#"es6 S!ude$!s w" #ro-"de

!he"r ow$ wr"!"$% u!e$s"s6 A ass"%$&e$!s w" !ake #ace w"!h"$ rea!ed u$"!s o' s!udy

Summary

I! "s "&#or!a$! !o $o!e !ha! !hou%h resu!s 'ro& !h"s s!udy w" be "&#or!a$! !o &e 'or

'u!ure use "$ &y casses/ !he s!udy a$d resu!s ca$$o! be %e$era"Hed6 Th"s "s because o' !he

$a!ure o' !he #o#ua!"o$ a$d sa&#e s"He6 Aso a$ "&#or!a$! $o!e "s !ha! "! "s #oss"be !ha! !he

resu!s w" $o! show a$y correa!"o$ a! a6 owe-er/ 'ro& !h"s s!udy I ho#e !o ear$ !he

s!re$%!hs a$d weak$esses "$ "$!e"%e$ce do&a"$s o' &y s!ude$!s/ a$d how !hey #er'or& whe$

&u!"#e "$!e"%e$ce !ech$"ues are used "$ "$s!ruc!"o$6

+256777169712 Page =,





Cha#!er )

Intrductin

The #ur#ose o' !h"s cha#!er "s !o e?a&"$e !he co$d"!"o$ o' !he cassroo&s o$ !he days !he

da!a was coec!ed/ e?#a$a!"o$s o' how !he da!a was coec!ed a$d a$ayHed/ a$d !he resu!s !ha!

!he da!a #rese$!ed6 A%a"$ I w" be ook"$% !o see whe!her s!ude$!s rece"-"$% "$s!ruc!"o$ %eared

!oward !he"r Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces MI w" #er'or& be!!er o$ a$ assess&e$! !ha$ s!ude$!s who

do $o!6 F"rs! e!’s ook a! !he co$d"!"o$s o' !he casses6 My or"%"$a research des"%$ had caed !o

break dow$ &y research o-er !hree weeks/ bu! due !o !he !"&e co$s!ra"$!s a da!a was coec!ed

o-er a #er"od o' , weeks6 Th"s breaks dow$ o$y "$!o !wo cass #er"od because !he s!ude$!s o$y

ha-e &us"c o$ce a week 'or o$e hour6 The co$!ro cass had !we$!ys"? ou! o' !h"r!y s!ude$!s

#rese$! o$ !he days I coec!ed da!a a$d !he e?#er"&e$!a cass had !we$!y '"-e6 So/ "$ !o!a/ '"'!y

o$e '"'!h %rade s!ude$!s #ar!"c"#a!ed "$ &y s!udy6

o!h casses co&e !o &us"c a! !he sa&e !"&e dur"$% !he day/ a! !wo o’cock a$d are !here

'or o$e hour each6 S!ude$!s s"! a! !abes "$ %rou#s o' '"-e !o s"? s!ude$!s6 There "s a ar%e wh"!e

board a! !he 'ro$! o' !he cass/ !he !eacher’s desk "s !o !he 'ar e'! ha$d cor$er o' !he roo&/ a$d

!here "s aso a !eacher co&#u!er a$d #roJec!or sys!e& !ha! ca$ be used dur"$% esso$6 U#o$

e$!er"$% !he cassroo& !he s!ude$!s were !od wha! woud be %o"$% o$ a$d !he #ur#ose o' !he

research !ha! was be"$% do$e6 I$ !he $e?! sec!"o$ I w" breakdow$ !he da!a !ha! was coec!ed

a$d a$ayHed6

%nalysis

Multiple Intelligence Survey %nalysis

The '"rs! #"ece o' da!a !ha! was coec!ed was !he MI sur-ey6 As &e$!"o$ed ear"er "$ !h"s

#a#er !he sur-ey co$s"s!ed o' !h"r!y'"-e s!a!e&e$!s "$ wh"ch !he s!ude$!s res#o$ded e"!her !rue or

+256777169712 Page ==





'ase "$ rea!"o$ !o !he"r "$!eres!s a$d ab""!"es6 S!ude$!s were "$'or&ed as !o wha! !he sur-ey was

&easur"$% a$d !od !o be as accura!e as #oss"be w"!h !he"r a$swers6 I read each s!a!e&e$! !o !he

s!ude$!s6 The '"rs! #ur#ose o' !h"s was !o acco&&oda!e a$y s!ude$! !ha! had a$ IEP !ha! caed

'or !he& !o ha-e a reader6 Seco$dy/ !h"s %a-e &e !he o##or!u$"!y !o car"'y !he &ea$"$% o' a$y

s!a!e&e$! "' "! see&ed co$'us"$% !o !he s!ude$!6 The u"H !ha! was used A##e$d"? A was %eared

!oward oder ee&e$!ary s!ude$!s/ bu! so&e s!a!e&e$!s d"d $eed so&e e?#a$a!"o$6 The sur-ey

d"d ha-e !he o#!"o$ !o e! s!ude$!s !ay !he"r ow$ scores/ bu! I 'e! "! $ecessary !o !ay !he scores

&yse' !o e$sure accuracy6 A$ays"s o' !hese sur-eys 'oows6

The sur-eys were u"!e easy !o a$ayHe6 A! !he e$d o' !he sur-ey !here was a scor"$%

%u"de !ha! broke !he sur-ey dow$ "$!o se-e$ ca!e%or"es6 As #re-"ousy &e$!"o$ed !hose

ca!e%or"es were -erba/ &a!he&a!"ca/ -"sua/ k"$es!he!"c/ &us"ca/ "$!ra#erso$a/ a$d

"$!er#erso$a6 There were '"-e s!a!e&e$!s 'ro& !he sur-ey !ha! corres#o$ded w"!h each sec!"o$6

Accord"$% !o !he crea!or o' !he sur-ey/ 9r6 Cara P"#er ,**, 'ro& Cha#&a$ U$"-ers"!y/ a !o!a

o' 'our or &ore "$d"ca!ors "$ a$y ca!e%ory woud s"%$"'y a s!ro$% ab""!y6 I s"&#y ready !hrou%h

each s!ude$!s sur-eys a$d &arked !he ues!"o$s !hey res#o$d"$% !rue !o6 I woud !he$ be abe !o

%o back a$d ook 'or !he ca!e%or"es "$ wh"ch !hey scored 'our or &ore6

For &y co$!ro %rou# a !o!a o' !we$!ys"? s!ude$!s co&#e!ed !he sur-ey6 O$ce I s!ar!ed

&y a$ays"s o' !he sur-eys/ I 'ou$d !ha! o$y !we$!y o' !he sur-eys/ or 1+6,=/ were useabe6 I

'ou$d !ha! o$e o' !he s"? was $o! useabe due !o !he 'ac! !ha! !he s!ude$! had a$swered !rue o$

e-ery ues!"o$6 E-e$ "' !he s!ude$! was be"$% ho$es!/ I 'e! !he sur-ey was "$accura!e a$d I coud

$o! cou$! "! as be"$% -a"d or re"abe 'or &y s!udy6 The re&a"$"$% '"-e sur-eys !ha! were $o!

scored were $o! do$e so because s!ude$!s d"d $o! res#o$d !o a s!a!e&e$!s6 E-e$ !hou%h so&e

s!ude$!s o$y e'! ou! o$e or !wo !h"s woud $o! ha-e aowed &e !o %e! a$ accura!e #"c!ure o'

+256777169712 Page =)





!he"r MI s!re$%!h areas6 No! res#o$d"$% !o o$e s!a!e&e$! coud &ea$ !he d"''ere$ce be!wee$

d"s#ay"$% a s!re$%!h area or $o!6

A'!er de!er&"$"$% wh"ch sur-eys were useabe a$d wh"ch were $o!/ I be%"$ !o %o !hrou%h

a$d ook 'or s!ude$!s !ha! d"s#ayed s!re$%!hs "$ cer!a"$ areas6 As I be%a$ !o do !h"s &y useabe

sa&#e be%a$ !o decrease as we6 For !he co$!ro %rou# e"%h!ee$ o' !he !we$!y useabe sur-eys

d"s#ayed !o!as o' 'our or &ore "$ a! eas! o$e ca!e%ory6 The !wo !ha! d"d $o! o$y had !wo or

!hree "$d"ca!ors "$ a 'ew ca!e%or"es6 Fro& !h"s #o"$! I e$!ered "$!o a$ E?ce docu&e$! !he

$u&ber o' s!ude$!s w"!h s!re$%!h areas "$ each ca!e%ory6 I !he$ broke !hese $u&bers dow$ "$!o

#erce$!a%es6 I w" share !hese resu!s "$ &y resu!s sec!"o$/ bu! "! w" be wor!h $o!"$% !ha! !he

#erce$!a%es do $o! eua o$e hu$dred because !he &aJor"!y o' s!ude$!s had &ore !ha$ o$e

s!re$%!h area6 A'!er ook"$% a! !he #erce$!a%es 'or each ca!e%ory I !he$ ra$ked !he B"% F"-eD

ca!e%or"es -erba/ &a!h/ -"sua/ k"$es!he!"c/ a$d &us"ca "$ order o' !he h"%hes! $u&ber o'

s!ude$!s d"s#ay"$% !he s!re$%!hs !o !he owes!6

For &y e?#er"&e$!a %rou# a !o!a o' !we$!y '"-e s!ude$!s were sur-eyed6 O'

!hose !we$!y'"-e/ I 'ou$d !ha! !we$!y!hree o' !he sur-eys were useabe/ as !wo o' !he

sur-eys were $o! co&#e!ey '"ed ou!6 I dec"ded $o! !o use !hese 'or !he sa&e reaso$ I

d"d $o! use !he& 'or &y co$!ro %rou#6 Us"$% !he sa&e a$ays"s !ech$"ues as &y co$!ro

%rou#/ I be%a$ !o !o!a !he "$d"ca!or s!a!e&e$!s 'or each s!ude$!6 A%a"$ I was ook"$% 'or

!o!as o' 'our or &ore "$ a$y o$e ca!e%ory 'or !he da!a !o be "$cuded "$ &y '"$a resu!s6

A'!er e?a&"$"$% a !he sur-eys 'or !he e?#er"&e$!a %rou#/ I 'ou$d !ha! !we$!yo$e o'

!he !we$!y!hree useabe sur-eys had a! eas! o$e MI s!re$%!h area w"!h a score o' 'our or

&ore6 As w"!h !he co$!ro %rou# I !he$ ooked 'or !he $u&ber o' s!ude$!s d"s#ay"$%

s!re$%!hs "$ each area a$d #aced "$ !he E?ce docu&e$! 'or &y #erso$a use a$d

+256777169712 Page =3





co$!"$ued da!a a$ays"s6 I w" use !h"s "$ &y resu!s "$ co&#ar"$% !he resu!s o' !he !wo

casses6 I aso ra$ked !he B"% F"-eD ca!e%or"es "$ order o' !he h"%hes! $u&ber o'

s!ude$!s d"s#ay"$% s!re$%!hs !o !he owes!6

I aso coec!ed o$e o!her #"ece o' da!a 'ro& !he MI sur-ey6 I was "$!eres!ed !o see how

&a$y s!ude$!s d"s#ayed s!re$%!hs "$ &ore !ha$ o$e area6 I was abe !o de!er&"$e !ha! a$d I w"

share !hose "$ &y resu!s sec!"o$6 S!ude$!s !ook !h"s sur-ey a%a"$ 'oow"$% !he day !hey

rece"-ed !he "$s!ruc!"o$ a$d !ook !he assess&e$!6 Th"s was #r"&ar"y 'or &e !o ook !o see "'

!here was a$y &aJor cha$%es "$ resu!s o' !he '"rs! sur-ey6

Instructin e#lectin

A'!er s!ude$!s !ook !he MI sur-ey !he esso$ !ha! woud be assessed a! !he e$d o' !he

s!udy was #rese$!ed6 A re&"$der !ha! !he co$!ro %rou# was "$s!ruc!ed us"$% o$y !he ec!ure

'or&a!6 I$ rea!"o$sh"# !o Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces !h"s s!ye o' "$s!ruc!"o$ "s o$y %o"$% !o a##ea

!o s!ude$!s w"!h s!re$%!hs "$ !he -erba do&a"$6 The e?#er"&e$!a %rou#’s "$s!ruc!"o$ was based

"$ Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces a$d "$cuded a s!ude$! %u"de shee! a$d ac!"-"!"es based "$ !he B"%

F"-eD do&a"$s o' -erba/ &a!he&a!"ca0o%"ca/ -"sua/ k"$es!he!"c/ a$d &us"ca6 The !o#"c 'or

!he esso$ was rhy!h&6 S!ude$!s had do$e se-era ac!"-"!"es a$d rece"-ed se-era esso$s ear"er

"$ !he year o$ rhy!h& so I was e?#ec!"$% !h"s !o be a re-"ew6 I! was a##are$! o$ce I s!ar!ed

!each"$% "$ bo!h casses !ha! s!ude$!s had 'or%o!!e$ so&e o' !he !o#"cs 'ro& ear"er "$ !he year6

S#ec"'"c &a!er"a !ha! was co-ered "$cuded de'"$"!"o$s o' "&#or!a$! !er&s rea!ed !o

rhy!h&6 They "$cuded rhy!h&/ bea!/ a$d !"&e s"%$a!ure6 Aso !he 'oow"$% $o!es a$d res!s a$d

!he"r rhy!h&"c -aues were re-"ewed: whoe/ ha'/ uar!er/ a$d e"%h!h6 S!ude$!s were re&"$ded

o' !he s#ec"'"c sy&bo 'or each $o!e or res! a$d !he $u&ber o' bea!s each "s wor!h6 S!ude$!s aso

were "$s!ruc!ed "$ why each $o!e has "!s s#ec"'"c $a&e a$d how &a$y $o!es ca$ be used !o &ake

+256777169712 Page =1





u# a$o!her $o!e6 Th"s ca$ be see$ "$ !he A##e$d"? 'or !he e?#er"&e$!a %rou#’s s!ude$! %u"de

shee!6

I aso br"e'y "$!roduced a $ew !o#"c !o !he s!ude$!s/ !he do!!ed rhy!h&6 S!ude$!s were

"$s!ruc!ed !ha! !he do! added !o a $o!e added ha' !he -aue !o !he e?"s!"$% $o!e6 I showed !he

s!ude$!s so&e e?a&#es6 ."!h !he co$!ro %rou# !hey were s"&#y !od wha! a do! does a$d

showed e?a&#es a$d !od !he -aue6 ."!h !he e?#er"&e$!a %rou# !o he# !o a##ea !o !he -"sua

a$d &a!he&a!"ca s!re$%!hs/ I ac!uay %a-e !he& e?a&#es !o '"%ure ou!6 Tha! way !hey were

abe !o see "! a$d ac!uay do !he &a!h !o reach a co$cus"o$6

The as! !o#"c !ha! was co-ered was ac!uay wr"!"$% a$d #er'or&"$% rhy!h&s6 For !he

co$!ro cass I Jus! showed !he& rhy!h&s o$ !he board a$d #er'or&ed !he&6 The e?#er"&e$!a

%rou# ass"s!ed &e "$ co&"$% u# w"!h !he rhy!h&s/ wro!e !he"r ow$ rhy!h&s o$ !he"r %u"de shee!/

a$d e-e$ ooked a! a #ar!"ay wr"!!e$ rhy!h& !o '"%ure ou! !he #a!!er$ a$d co&#e!e !he

re&a"$"$% &easures6 Th"s cass aso #er'or&ed rhy!h&s by us"$% rhy!h& syabes/ ca##"$%/ a$d

a$ ac!"-"!y where !hey %o! u# ou! o' !he"r cha"rs a$d crea!ed &o-e&e$!s 'or each $o!e a$d res!

-aue6 The %oa w"!h !h"s was !o a##ea !o &y s!ude$!s w"!h k"$es!he!"c s!re$%!hs6

%ssessment %nalysis

A! !he co$cus"o$ o' !he esso$ &a!er"a/ bo!h !he e?#er"&e$!a a$d !he co$!ro %rou#s

were %"-e$ a$ "de$!"ca assess&e$!6 The assess&e$! co$s"s!ed o' !e$ ues!"o$s6 N"$e o' !he

ues!"o$s were &u!"#e cho"ce a$d rea!ed !o de'"$"!"o$s/ $o!e -aues/ a$d $o!e sy&bos6 The

!e$!h ues!"o$ s"&#y asked s!ude$!s !o '" "$ !he &easures w"!h !he a##ro#r"a!e $u&ber o' bea!s6

The re-"ew u"H was wor!h a !o!a o' (** #o"$!s/ !e$ #o"$!s #er ues!"o$6 My %oa was !o

ook 'or h"%her scores "$ !he cass !ha! rece"-ed !he &u!"#e "$!e"%e$ce "$s!ruc!"o$6 A$ays"s o'

!hese scores was u"!e s"&#e6 F"rs!/ I scored each u"H us"$% &y a$swer key6 The$ I we$!

+256777169712 Page =4





!hrou%h a$d ooked 'or !he $u&ber o' s!ude$!s scor"$% a$ A2 (**/ A +*/ <*/ C 4*/ 9

1* a$d F scores o' 3* a$d beow6 I ooked 'or !he $u&ber o' each score a$d !he$ co$-er!ed

!ha! score "$!o a #erce$!a%e6 I aso e$!ered !he resu!s 'ro& bo!h casses "$ !o a$ E?ce docu&e$!

so I coud co&#are !he resu!s o' !he casses s"de by s"de6 O$ce I s!ar!ed e?a&"$"$% !he resu!s I

aso a$ayHed !he d"''ere$ce be!wee$ !he !wo casses "$ a score o' +* or abo-e o$ !he assess&e$!

esults

'ntrl Grup esults

As a re&"$der a !o!a o' e"%h!ee$ sur-eys were dee&ed useabe a$d had a score o' 'our or

&ore "$ a! eas! o$e &u!"#e "$!e"%e$ce do&a"$6 E"%h!ee$ was !he $u&ber I used !o %e! &y

#erce$!a%es 'or each do&a"$6

F"rs!/ !here were a !o!a o' <<6+ o' !he co$!ro %rou# !ha! #rese$!ed s!re$%!hs "$ !wo or

&ore do&a"$s6 Th"s was !he &aJor"!y o' !he cass6 Fro& !h"s #o"$! I o$y de!er&"$ed

#erce$!a%es 'or !he B"% F"-eD do&a"$s as &e$!"o$ed ear"er6 Perce$!a%es 'or !hose '"-e do&a"$s

are as 'oows: (164 -erba/ ==6== &a!he&a!"ca0o%"ca/ ,46< >"sua/ 4,6, k"$es!he!"c/

a$d 3361 &us"ca6 There were se-e$ s!ude$!s !ha! d"s#ayed s!re$%!hs "$ "$!ra#erso$a a$d $"$e

!ha! d"s#ayed s!re$%!hs "$ "$!er#erso$a/ bu! !hese were $o! s"%$"'"ca$! !o &y s!udy because !hey

are hard !o use "$ crea!"$% esso$s a$d assess&e$!s6 The resu!s o' !he h"%hes! $u&ber o'

s!ude$!s ra$k"$% "$ o$e do&a"$ !o !he eas! were ( k"$es!he!"c/ , &us"ca/ = &a!h/ ) -"sua/

a$d 3 -erba6

I ca$ aready draw a co$cus"o$ 'ro& !hese resu!s be'ore e-e$ e?a&"$"$% !he assess&e$!

da!a6 The &aJor"!y o' s!ude$!s "$ !h"s cass "de$!"'"ed &os! cosey w"!h !he k"$es!he!"c do&a"$6

My esso$ 'or&a! was based soey "$ ec!ure 'or&a! a$d us"$% !he board6 I! easy !o de!er&"$e

be'ore ook"$% a! !he assess&e$! resu!s !ha! s!ude$!s "$ !h"s cass are #robaby $o! %o"$% !o ear$

+256777169712 Page =<





as we whe$ rece"-"$% !h"s !y#e o' "$s!ruc!"o$ because -"sua a$d -erba s!re$%!hs were !he !wo

owes! do&a"$s6

The assess&e$! da!a resu!s were as 'oows A##e$d"? 9: 461+ A2/ 461+ A/ (+6,=

/ ,16+, C/ ((63) 9/ a$d ,16+, F6 The !wo h"%hes! scores were scores o' 3* a$d beow/ a$

F/ a$d scores o' 4*/ a C6 O$y a !o!a o' (36=< o' s!ude$!s who were assessed scored a +* or

be!!er6 I$ &y o#"$"o$ I a& co$!r"bu!"$% !h"s !o !he 'ac! !ha! we o-er ha' o' !he cass/ 4,6,/

"de$!"'"ed w"!h !he k"$es!he!"c do&a"$6 The -erba do&a"$/ wh"ch !he &aJor"!y o' !he esso$ was

%eared !oward/ was !he owes!/ w"!h (164 o' !he cass "de$!"'y"$% w"!h "!6

S!ude$!s "$ !h"s cass aso re!ook !he Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ce Sur-ey6 9"''ere$ces "$ !he

resu!s 'ro& !he '"rs! sur-ey were $o! s"%$"'"ca$! e$ou%h !o re#or! a$y d"''ere$ces a$d resu!s o'

!he '"rs! sur-ey s!a$d6 Fur!her co$cus"o$s w" be draw$ "$ !he cose o' !h"s #a#er a'!er !he

resu!s o' !he e?#er"&e$!a %rou# are re-"ewed6

E1perimental Grup esults

As a re&"$der a !o!a o' !we$!yo$e sur-eys were dee&ed useabe a$d had a score o' 'our

or &ore "$ a! eas! o$e &u!"#e "$!e"%e$ce do&a"$6 Twe$!yo$e was !he $u&ber I used !o %e!

&y #erce$!a%es 'or each do&a"$6

F"rs! !here were a !o!a o' 416(+ o' !he e?#er"&e$!a %rou# !ha! #rese$!ed s!re$%!hs "$

!wo or &ore do&a"$s6 Th"s was !he &aJor"!y o' !he cass6 Fro& !h"s #o"$! I o$y de!er&"$ed

#erce$!a%es 'or !he B"% F"-eD do&a"$s as &e$!"o$ed ear"er6 Perce$!a%es 'or !hose '"-e do&a"$s

are as 'oows: (+6*3 -erba/ == &a!he&a!"ca0o%"ca/ ,=6<( >"sua/ 3,6=< k"$es!he!"c/

a$d )461, &us"ca6 There were $"$e s!ude$!s !ha! d"s#ayed s!re$%!hs "$ "$!ra#erso$a a$d s"?

!ha! d"s#ayed s!re$%!hs "$ "$!er#erso$a/ bu! as w"!h !he co$!ro %rou# !hese were $o! s"%$"'"ca$!

!o &y s!udy6 The resu!s o' !he h"%hes! $u&ber o' s!ude$!s ra$k"$% "$ o$e do&a"$ !o !he eas!

+256777169712 Page =+





were ( k"$es!he!"c/ , &us"ca/ = &a!h/ ) -"sua/ a$d 3 -erba6 I! "s "$!eres!"$% !o $o!e a! !h"s

#o"$! !ha! bo!h !he co$!ro a$d e?#er"&e$!a %rou# had !he so&e h"erarchy o' do&a"$s6

The assess&e$! da!a resu!s were as 'oows A##e$d"? 9: ,) A2/ ) A/ (1 / (,

C/ ) 9/ a$d )* F6 The h"%hes! $u&ber o' s!ude$!s rece"-ed scores o' 3* a$d beow/ a$ F/ a$d

scores o' (**/ a$ A26 A !o!a o' ,< o' s!ude$!s who were assessed scored a +* or be!!er6 I$

co&#ar"so$ w"!h !he co$!ro %rou#/ a d"''ere$ce o' (,61, o' s!ude$!s scored a A or A2 o$ !he

assess&e$!6 I 'ou$d "! "$!eres!"$% !ha! e-e$ !hou%h a h"%her $u&ber o' s!ude$!s rece"-ed a$ A "$

!h"s cass/ a h"%her $u&ber o' s!ude$!s aso scored a$ F o$ !he assess&e$!6 My e?#er"&e$!a

cass had )* o' !he s!ude$!s scor"$% a 3* or ess/ whereas !he co$!ro %rou# o$y had ,16+,6

Th"s "s a d"''ere$ce o' (=6*<6 A co$!r"bu!"$% 'ac!or coud be !he h"%her $u&ber o' IEP s!ude$!s

"$ !h"s cass/ howe-er/ $o! a s!ude$!s "$ !he s#ec"a educa!"o$ #ro%ra& scored a$ F6 A$o!her

'ac!or coud be %e$era ab""!y e-e be!wee$ !he !wo casses6 The co$!ro cass has a h"%her

$u&ber o' s!ude$!s !ha! are "$ !he %"'!ed a$d !ae$!ed #ro%ra&/ a$d !he cass/ 'or !he &os! #ar!

'ro& #as! obser-a!"o$/ #er'or&s a! a h"%her e-e6 My e?#er"&e$!a cass aso has &ore s!ude$!s

!ha! rece"-e Res#o$se !o I$!er-e$!"o$ "$s!ruc!"o$ "$ read"$% a$d !ha! coud ha-e ead !o ower

#er'or&a$ce o$ a wr"!!e$ e?a&6

S!ude$!s "$ !h"s cass aso re!ook !he MI Sur-ey6 9"''ere$ces "$ !he resu!s 'ro& !he '"rs!

sur-ey were $o! s"%$"'"ca$! e$ou%h !o re#or! a$y d"''ere$ces a$d resu!s o' !he '"rs! sur-ey s!a$d6

Summary

I 'ou$d &y resu!s !o be -ery "$!eres!"$%6 As I &o-e "$!o cha#!er '"-e/ I w" 'ur!her

re-"ew !he resu!s 'ro& !he s!udy a$d be%"$ !o a$swer &y #robe& ues!"o$ a$d see "' &y

hy#o!hes"s was #ro-e$6 I w" aso be shar"$% whe!her !he use o' Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces "$

des"%$"$% "$s!ruc!"o$ a$d assess&e$! "s #rac!"ca 'or 'ur!her cassroo& use6

+256777169712 Page )*





Cha#!er 3

Intrductin

I$ !h"s cha#!er/ I w" o$ce a%a"$ re-"ew !he resu!s o' &y s!udy/ draw co$cus"o$s based

o$ !he resu!s/ a$d a$swer &y or"%"$a ues!"o$/ B." s!ude$!s ach"e-e h"%her scores o$

assess&e$!s whe$ %"-e$ "$s!ruc!"o$ %eared !oward !he"r %"-e$ &u!"#e "$!e"%e$ce do&a"$;D I

w" aso draw co$cus"o$s based o$ &y resu!s/ de!er&"$"$% whe!her !he resu!s are useabe "$

!he 'u!ure "$ &y casses a$d !o o!hers who &ay w"sh !o use Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ce Theory MI

Theory a$d !ech$"ues "$ !he"r cassroo&s6 Las!y I w" aso be ook"$% a! #re-"ous research

a$d s!ud"es "$ MI !o see whe!her &y s!udy coud be co$s"dered re"abe a$d -a"d "$ co&#ar"so$

!o #as! research6

esults

I$ &y co$!ro %rou# e"%h!ee$ o' !he or"%"$a !we$!ys"? &u!"#e "$!e"%e$ce sur-eys

were useabe a$d s"%$"'"ca$! because !hose were !he o$es "$ wh"ch s!ude$!s d"s#ayed scores o'

'our or &ore "$ a! eas! o$e "$!e"%e$ce do&a"$6 Th"s s"%$"'"es a s!re$%!h area "$ !he %"-e$

do&a"$6 Perce$!a%es o' s!ude$!s scor"$% "$ !he '"-e do&a"$s I chose !o 'ocus o$ where: (164

-erba/ ==6== &a!he&a!"ca0o%"ca/ ,46< >"sua/ 4,6, k"$es!he!"c/ a$d 3361 &us"ca6 The

resu!s o' !he %rea!es! $u&ber o' s!ude$!s ra$k"$% "$ o$e do&a"$ !o !he eas! were ( k"$es!he!"c/

, &us"ca/ = &a!h/ ) -"sua/ a$d 3 -erba6

I$ &y e?#er"&e$!a %rou# a !o!a o' !we$!yo$e sur-eys were dee&ed useabe a$d had a

score o' 'our or &ore "$ a! eas! o$e MI do&a"$6 Perce$!a%es o' s!ude$!s scor"$% "$ !he '"-e

do&a"$s I chose !o 'ocus o$ were: (+6*3 -erba/ == &a!he&a!"ca0o%"ca/ ,=6<( >"sua/

3,6=< k"$es!he!"c/ a$d )461, &us"ca6 The resu!s o' !he %rea!es! $u&ber o' s!ude$!s ra$k"$%

"$ o$e do&a"$ !o !he eas! were ( k"$es!he!"c/ , &us"ca/ = &a!h/ ) -"sua/ a$d 3 -erba6 The

+256777169712 Page )(





reader shoud be abe !o $o!e !ha! !h"s was !he sa&e as w"!h !he co$!ro %rou#6

The assess&e$! da!a resu!s 'or !he co$!ro %rou# were as 'oows A##e$d"? 9: 461+

A2/ 461+ A/ (+6,= / ,16+, C/ ((63) 9/ a$d ,16+, F6 The !wo h"%hes! #erce$!a%es

were scores o' 3* a$d beow/ a F/ a$d scores o' 4*/ a C6 O$y a !o!a o' (36=< o' s!ude$!s who

were assessed scored a +* or be!!er6 The assess&e$! da!a resu!s 'or !he e?#er"&e$!a %rou# were

as 'oows A##e$d"? 9: ,) A2/ ) A/ (1 / (, C/ ) 9/ a$d )* F6 The !wo h"%hes!

#erce$!a%es were scores o' 3* a$d beow/ a$ F/ a$d scores o' (**/ a$ A26 A !o!a o' ,< o'

s!ude$!s who were assessed scored a +* or be!!er6 I$ co&#ar"so$ w"!h !he co$!ro %rou#/ a

d"''ere$ce o' (,61, o' s!ude$!s scored a$ A or A2 o$ !he assess&e$!6

The "$"!"a da!a coec!ed do re-ea !ha! !he cass !ha! rece"-ed "$s!ruc!"o$ based "$

Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces had a h"%her $u&ber o' s!ude$!s rece"-"$% !he %rade o' a$ A o$ !he

assess&e$! %"-e$ a! !he e$d o' "$s!ruc!"o$6 As $o!ed !he e?#er"&e$!a %rou#/ !he cass rece"-"$%

MI based "$s!ruc!"o$ had ,< o' !he s!ude$!s scor"$% a +* or h"%her6 The co$!ro %rou# had

(36=< o' s!ude$!s scor"$% !he sa&e score6 A%a"$ !h"s "s a d"''ere$ce o' (,61,6

I 'ou$d "! "$!eres!"$% !ha! e-e$ !hou%h a %rea!er $u&ber o' s!ude$!s rece"-ed a$ A "$ !h"s

cass/ a %rea!er $u&ber o' s!ude$!s aso scored a$ F o$ !he assess&e$!6 My e?#er"&e$!a cass

had )* o' !he s!ude$!s scor"$% a 3* or ess/ whereas !he co$!ro %rou# o$y had ,16+,6 Th"s "s

a d"''ere$ce o' (=6*<6 A co$!r"bu!"$% 'ac!or coud be !he h"%her $u&ber o' IEP s!ude$!s "$ !h"s

cass/ howe-er/ $o! a s!ude$!s "$ !he s#ec"a educa!"o$ #ro%ra& scored a$ F6 A$o!her 'ac!or

coud be %e$era ab""!y e-e be!wee$ !he !wo casses6 The co$!ro cass has a h"%her $u&ber o'

s!ude$!s !ha! are "$ !he %"'!ed a$d !ae$!ed #ro%ra&/ a$d !he cass/ 'or !he &os! #ar! 'ro& #as!

obser-a!"o$/ #er'or&s a! a h"%her e-e6 My e?#er"&e$!a cass aso has &ore s!ude$!s !ha!

rece"-e Res#o$se !o I$!er-e$!"o$ "$s!ruc!"o$ "$ read"$% a$d !ha! coud ha-e ead !o ower

+256777169712 Page ),





#er'or&a$ce o$ a wr"!!e$ e?a&6

I! woud be hard !o say whe!her !hese resu!s coud be used "$ a cassroo&s "$ !he 'u!ure

or be used as !he bas"s 'or curr"cuu& 'or a schoo6 I$ a$ ar!"ce 'or !he The +urnal # Educatin

esearch/ e$!"!ed BA!!"!udes Toward a Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ce Curr"cuu&/D au!hors Gwe$doy$

Me!!e!a/ Chery orda$/ a$d Shery ar#er (++4 co$cuded !ha! whe$ &u!"#e "$!e"%e$ce

!heory "s "&#e&e$!ed across a schoo "! !e$ds !o be "&#e&e$!ed u$e-e$y6 Aso/ "' $o! a

!eacher buy "$!o !he "dea o' Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ce !heory/ !he$ !hose s!ude$!s who !ruy coud

be$e'"! 'ro& "!s use are &"ss"$% ou!6 L"ke !he !eachers "$ !he schoo "$ wh"ch !hese au!hors

co$duc!ed !he"r s!udy/ &os! !eachers woud #robaby beco&e -ery o-erwhe&ed w"!h de-eo#"$%

esso$s %eared !oward each s!ude$!’s "$!e"%e$ce6 I$ &y s!udy/ I s"&#y !r"ed !o #re#are a esso$

!ha! woud reach ou! !o a !he "de$!"'"ed "$!e"%e$ces "$ !he cass/ bu! !o !ruy #a"$! a$ accura!e

#"c!ure e-ery esso$/ ass"%$&e$!/ a$d assess&e$! woud ha-e !o be s#ec"'"cay des"%$ed 'or each

s!ude$!6 Th"s woud br"$% $ew &ea$"$% !o "$d"-"dua"Hed educa!"o$6

Aso "$ &y s!udy I assessed a s!ude$!s !he sa&e way6 Each s!ude$! !ook a !eacher

des"%$ed/ &u!"#e cho"ce/ #e$c" a$d #a#er assess&e$!6 Aso each s!ude$!s’ "$!e"%e$ces were

assessed "$ !he sa&e way/ a #e$c" a$d #a#er assess&e$!6 Rea!"$% back !o cha#!er ,/ Tho&as

Ar&s!ro$%,*** "$ h"s book Multiple Intelligences in the 'lassrm he sa"d BNo !es! ca$

accura!ey de!er&"$e !he $a!ure or ua"!y o' a #erso$’s "$!e"%e$ceD #6 (,6 owe-er/ he d"d

be"e-e !es!"$% "$!e"%e$ce !hrou%h #a#er a$d #e$c" !es!s woud o$y be !a##"$% "$!o !he o%"ca

a$d "$%u"s!"c "$!e"%e$ces6 Ar&s!ro$% we$! o$ !o say/ BThe bes! way !o assess your ow$

Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces/ !here'ore/ "s !hrou%h a rea"s!"c a##ra"sa o' your #er'or&a$ce "$ !he &a$y

k"$ds o' !asks/ ac!"-"!"es/ a$d e?#er"e$ces assoc"a!ed w"!h each "$!e"%e$ceD #6 (,6 Accord"$% !o

h"& "$!e"%e$ces coud o$y be 'os!ered !hrou%h rea "'e e?#er"e$ces6

+256777169712 Page )=





'nclusins

So a'!er re-"ew"$% a resu!s a$d rea!"$% !he& !o #as! s!ud"es o' Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces

ca$ I say w"!hou! a doub! !ha! !he use o' MI !heory "$ des"%$"$% a$d assess"$% "$s!ruc!"o$ w"

resu! "$ h"%her assess&e$! scores; I ha-e !wo a$swers !o !h"s6 F"rs!/ accord"$% !o &y resu!s/

yes !he use o' so&e MI !ech$"ues d"d #ay a roe "$ !he resu!s o' &y s!udy6 I was ook"$% 'or

"&#ro-ed scores be!wee$ &y co$!ro a$d e?#er"&e$!a %rou# a$d !ha! was wha! &y resu!s

showed6 I$ &y co$!ro %rou#/ (36=< o' &y s!ude$!s rece"-ed a$ A a$d "$ &y e?#er"&e$!a

%rou# ,< rece"-ed a$ A6 I saw "$ !he co$!ro %rou# !ha! !he &aJor"!y o' &y s!ude$!s d"s#ayed

s!re$%!hs "$ !he k"$es!he!"c "$!e"%e$ce do&a"$6 Tha! cass rece"-ed "$s!ruc!"o$ based soey 'or

s!ude$!s who ha-e s!re$%!hs "$ !he -erba do&a"$6 Th"s coud accou$! 'or why se-era s!ude$!s

rece"-ed #oor scores o$ !he assess&e$!6

Look"$% a! !he e?#er"&e$!a %rou#/ !he &aJor"!y o' s!ude$!s "$ !h"s cass aso d"s#ayed

s!re$%!hs "$ !he k"$es!he!"c do&a"$/ 'oowed cosey by !he &us"ca do&a"$6 9ur"$% !he

"$s!ruc!"o$ w"!h !h"s cass s!ude$!s were u# ou! o' !he"r sea!s &o-"$%/ ca##"$% rhy!h&s/

e?a&"$"$% a$d a$ayH"$% &us"ca co$ce#!s &ore cosey/ a$d !hus rece"-"$% "$s!ruc!"o$ &ore

cosey assoc"a!ed w"!h !he"r "$!e"%e$ce do&a"$s6 There were aso !ech$"ues used !ha!

a##eaed !o !he &a!h/ -"sua/ a$d -erba do&a"$s6 So/ "! "s easy !o draw !he co$cus"o$ !ha!

s!ude$!s scored be!!er o$ !h"s assess&e$! because o' !he !y#e o' "$s!ruc!"o$ !hey rece"-ed6

I !h"$k !h"s s!udy coud eas"y be -"ewed "$ se-era ways6 E-e$ !hou%h I d"d use

!ech$"ues cosey assoc"a!ed w"!h MI "! woud be easy !o de!er&"$e !ha! !here were o!her 'ac!ors

"$-o-ed !ha! !he h"%her scores coud be a!!r"bu!ed !o6 F"rs!/ &aybe !he soe use o' !he s!ude$!

%u"de shee!/ or a s!udy %u"de/ coud be !he reaso$ why s!ude$!s #er'or&ed be!!er6 A$o!her "s

#oss"by !h"s s!udy ooked &ore cosey a! ear$"$% s!yes a$d "$s!ruc!"o$a de"-ery &e!hods

+256777169712 Page ))





ra!her !ha$ MI6

ecause o' !hese 'ac!ors "! "s $ecessary !o re#or! !ha! resu!s 'ro& !hese '"$d"$%s ca$$o! be

%e$era"Hed across #o#ua!"o$s6 F"rs!/ !he sa&#e s"He was !oo s&a a$d was o$y a co$-e$"e$ce

sa&#e6 Seco$dy/ !here were !oo &a$y o!her 'ac!ors !ha! coud ha-e ead !o !he resu!s o' !he

s!udy be"$% skewed6 .as !he s!udy ac!uay &easur"$% !he use o' MI Theory; 9"d !he way !he

s!ude$!s were arra$%ed aow !he& !o chea!; Aso !o !ruy %e! a$ accura!e #"c!ure o' us"$%

&u!"#e "$!e"%e$ce !heory "$ !he cassroo&/ a%a"$/ I woud ha-e !o cus!o&"He "$s!ruc!"o$/

ass"%$&e$!s/ a$d assess&e$!s 'or each "$d"-"dua"Hed s!ude$!s’ s!re$%!h areas6 Re&e&ber/

accord"$% !o #re-"ous s!ud"es/ "! "s $e?! !o "&#oss"be !o e-er reay de!er&"$e a #erso$’s

"$!e"%e$ce by us"$% a #a#er a$d #e$c" sur-ey6

." I co$!"$ue !o use !hese !ech$"ues "$ &y casses "$ !he 'u!ure; I w" #robaby

co$!"$ue !o "&#e&e$! so&e o' !he !ech$"ues I used w"!h &y e?#er"&e$!a cass6 I ca$$o! !ruy

say !ha! !hey w" aways resu! "$ h"%her scores o$ assess&e$!s "$ a &y casses !hou%h6 .oud

cus!o&"H"$% !he ass"%$&e$!s a$d assess&e$!s 'or each "$d"-"dua s!ude$! resu! "$ be!!er scores;

Th"s "$ o' "!se' woud be a whoe s!udy a$d reu"re a o! o' !"&e a$d e''or! !o de!er&"$e6 I ca$

co$cude/ howe-er/ 'ro& !h"s s!udy !ha! o$e "$s!ruc!"o$a &e!hod/ based "$ o$e "$!e"%e$ce

do&a"$/ "s $o! aways bes! 'or a s!ude$!s6

E$d No!e

So/ "$ co$cus"o$/ I woud say !ha! "' educa!ors w"sh !o !ry a$d "&#e&e$! &u!"#e

"$!e"%e$ce !ech$"ues "$ !he"r cassroo& !hey &us! be '"rs! w""$% !o do a "!!e research a$d

da!a coec!"$% o' !he"r ow$6 es/ I be"e-e !here was so&e s"%$"'"ca$ce !o &y s!udy/ bu! !o

'ur!her de!er&"$e "' MI Theory has a bas"s 'or use "$ &y cassroo& a$d "$ o!her cassroo&s "$

&y schoo "! woud reu"re 'ur!her research6 I be"e-e !ha! educa!ors coud use &y "$"!"a

+256777169712 Page )3





research des"%$ as a s!ar!"$% #o"$! !o see "' !he"r s!ude$!s res#o$d be!!er !o esso$s !au%h! w"!h MI

"$ &"$d6 My resu!s/ howe-er/ shoud $o! be !he bas"s 'or a co&#e!e cha$%e "$ how a !eacher

des"%$s !he"r esso$s or how a schoo des"%$s !he"r curr"cuu&6 More research o$ !h"s subJec!

woud de'"$"!ey be $eeded be'ore a$y &aJor dec"s"o$ such as !ha! shoud be &ade6

+256777169712 Page )1





A##e$d"? A

S!ude$! Sur-ey

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A##e$d"?

S!ude$! Gu"de Shee! 'or E?#er"&e$!a Cass

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+256777169712 Page 3*





A##e$d"? C

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A##e$d"? 9

Assess&e$! Resu!s: Co$!ro a$d E?#er"&e$!a Grou#s

Re'ere$ce

+256777169712 Page 3=





Ar&s!ro$%/ T6 ,***6 Multiple Intelligences in the 'lassrm2 Ae?a$dr"a: Assoc"a!"o$ 'or

Su#er-"s"o$ "$ !he Cassroo&6

Ca&#be/ P6S6/ Sco!!ass$er/ C6 ,**,6 Music in 'hildhd "rm Preschl Thrugh The

Elementary Grades2 e&o$!/ CA: .adswor!h0Tho&#so$ Lear$"$%6

Co"$s/ 6 (++</ Oc!ober6 Bow To Make A e!!er S!ude$!: Se-e$ "$ds o' S&ar!6D Time

Maga3ine Online6 Re!r"e-ed No-e&ber/ </ ,**+6

Qh!!#:00www6!"&e6co&0!"&e0&a%aH"$e0ar!"ce0*/+(4(/+<+=3+/**6h!&

Gard$er/ 6 (+<)6 BAssess"$% I$!e"%e$ces: A Co&&e$! o$ Tes!"$% I$!e"%e$ce w"!hou! I8

Tes!s6D The Phi Delta Kappan/ 13/ 1++4**6

Gard$er/ 6 (+<=6 "rames # Mind$ The Theries # Multiple Intelligences2 New ork6 as"c

ooks6

Gard$er/ 6 (++36 BRe'ec!"o$s o$ Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces: My!hs a$d Messa%es6D The Phi Delta

Kappan/ 44/ ,**,*= a$d ,*1,*+6

Gu"%$o$/ A6 (++<6D Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces: A Theory 'or E-eryo$e6D Educatin !rld2 O$"$e

Pos!"$%6 Re!r"e-ed No-e&ber 1/ ,**+6 Qh!!#:00www6educa!"o$

word6co&0acurr0curr*3)6sh!&

"rsh/ R6A6 ,**)6 E?cer#! 'ro& Early 'hildhd 'urriculum$ Incrprating Multiple

Intelligences, Develpmentally %pprpriate Practice, and Play2 U##er Sadde R"-er/ N:

Pearso$ Educa!"o$/ I$c6 O$"$e Pos!"$%6 Re!r"e-ed No-e&ber 1/ ,**+6

Qh!!#:00www6educa!"o$6co&0re'ere$ce0ar!"ce0o%"ca&a!he&a!"ca"$!e"%e$ce0

u&a$ I$!e"%e$ces6 ,**4/ uy ,36 'harles Spearman2 Re!r"e-ed 'ro& I$d"a$a U$"-ers"!y

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+256777169712 Page 3)


http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989359,00.html

http://www.education-world.com/a_curr/curr054.shtml


http://www.education.com/reference/article/logical-mathematical-intelligence/

http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,989359,00.html



http://www.education.com/reference/article/logical-mathematical-intelligence/




h!!#:00www6!odays!eacher6co&0MILear$"$%Ac!"-"!"es6h!&

asse/ C6 (++<6 BMus"c a$d !he Theory o' Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces6D Music Educatrs

+urnal,<)/ ,+=, a$d 1*6

Me!!e!a/ G6/ Gorda$/ C6/ ar#er/ S6 (++4 BA!!"!udes !oward a Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces

Curr"cuu&6 The +urnal # Educatin esearch, +(/ ((3(,,6

McCaskey/ 6 (++36 BAssess"$% S!ude$! Lear$"$% !hrou%h Mu!"#e I$!e"%e$ces6D The English

+ur nal / <)/ 313+6

P"#er/ C6 ,**,6 BMu!"#e I$!e"%e$ce 8u"H6D Teaching !ith Technlgy2 O$"$e Pos!"$%6

Re!r"e-ed A#r" ,4/ ,*((6

Qh!!#:00www(6cha#&a$6edu0soe0'acu!y0#e#er0!each!ech0&"u"H6h!&

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Educatin2 O$"$e Pos!"$%6 Re!r"e-ed No-e&ber 1/ ,**+6

Qh!!#:00www6"$'ed6or%0!h"$kers0%ard$er6h!&

S!er$ber%/ R66 (+<)6 BF"%h!"$% bu!!er ba!!es: A re#y6D Phi Delta Kappan,13/ 1++4**6

."so$/ L6O6 (++<6 BThe E"%h!h I$!e"%e$ce: Na!ura"s!"c I$!e"%e$ce6D +urneys$ Inside ut,

utside in6 Ch"ca%o: e#hyr Press6 O$"$e Pos!"$%6 4e* 5ri3ns2Org2 Re!r"e-ed

No-e&ber 1/ ,**+6

h!!#:00ho&e6a--a$!a6co&0bu"d"$%0s!ra!e%"es0e$-"ro$&e$!a0w"so$,6h!&

.r"%h!/ S6 ,**=6 E?cer#! 'ro& The %rts, &ung 'hildren, and (earning 6 U##er Sadde R"-er/

N: Pearso$ Educa!"o$/ I$c6 O$"$e #os!"$%6 Re!r"e-ed No-e&ber 1/ ,**+6

Qh!!#:00www educa!"o$ co&0re'ere$ce0ar!"ce0bod"y k"$es!he!"c "$!e"%e$ce0

http://www.todaysteacher.com/MILearningActivities.htm

http://www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm

http://www.education.com/reference/article/bodily-kinesthetic-intelligence/

http://www.todaysteacher.com/MILearningActivities.htm

http://www.infed.org/thinkers/gardner.htm

http://www.education.com/reference/article/bodily-kinesthetic-intelligence/

a research proposal on multiple intelligence by nkoyoyo edward of ekitangaala transformation high...

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