a provisional catalogue of cypriot churches with study notes and bibliography 2011

A Provisional Catalogue of Cypriot Churches with Study Notes and

Bibliography

William Caraher 2011

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References

Short Reference Full Reference Full Reference Pages

Papageorghiou 1965-1966 A. Papageorghiou Ἠ Παλαιοτριστιανικὴ καὶ

Βσζαντινὴ Ἀρταιολογία καὶ Τέτνη ἐν Κύπρῳ

κατὰ τὸ 1967-68" ΑΒ (1970)

Syntagma 1974 S. Pelekanides and P. Atzaka Σύνταγμα τῶν

Παλαιοτριστιανικῶν Ψηυιδωτῶν δαπέδων τῆς

Ἑλλαδος Ι. Νησιώτικη Ἑλλάς. Thessaloniki

1974.

Delvoye 1976 C. Delvoye, "L'Art Paleochretien de Chypre,"

CIEB 15 (Athens 1979)

Hadjisavvas 1997 S. Hadjisavvas, Agia Napa: Excavations at

Makronisos and the Archaeology of the

Region. (Nicosia 1997)

Leonard 2005 J. R. Leonard, Roman Cyprus: Harbors,

Hinterlands, and "Hidden Powers" Thesis

(Ph.D.) SUNY Buffalo, 2005.

Megaw 1974 A.H.S. Megaw, "Byzantine Architecture and

Decoration in Cyprus: Metropolitan or

Provincial?" DOP 28 (1974)

57-88

Papacostas 1999 T. Papacostas, Byzantine Cyprus : the

testimony of its churches, 650-1200. Thesis

(D. Phil.). University of Oxford, 1999.

Aupert 1996 P. Aupert et al. Guide D'Amatonte. Paris 1996

Michaelides 1998 D. Michaelides, “Archeologia Paleocristiana a

Cipro,” CCARB 44 (1998), 179-239.

179-239

Papageorghiou 1985 A. Papageorghiou, "L'architecture

paleochretienne de Chypre," CCARB 32

(1985), 299-324.

299-324.

Michaelides 1988 D. Michaelides, "Mosaic Pavements from

Early Christian Cult Buildings in Cyprus," in

W. A. Daszewski and D. Michaelides eds.

Mosaic Floors in Cyprus. (Bologna 1988)

81-153

Papageorghiou 1963 A. Papageorghiou Ἠ Παλαιοτριστιανικὴ καὶ


κατὰ τὸ 1963" ΑΒ (1964)

Papageorghiou 1964 A. Papageorghiou Ἠ Παλαιοτριστιανικὴ καὶ


κατὰ τὸ 1964" ΑΒ (1965)

Provisional Church Catalogue for Cyprus

Kyrenia 4 0 0

Acheiropoiitos - Lambousa

Only apse of Early Christian basilicas preserved. Five Naves. Ancient Lapethus.

Bibliography

Region Century Dates Max L Max W Mosaic Sculpt? Paint? Bapt?

Papageorghiou 1985 301

Nicosia 0 0 0

Agios Georgios hill

(PASADY)

Bibliography


Arch Rep 50 (2002-2003) 94

0 0 0

Alassa

Arch Rep 1981-1985, p. 64: "At the locality Ayia Mavri Mr Pavlos Flourentzos uncovered the

remains of a basilica church built in the 6th or 7th century, with a partially surviving mosaic

floor. In the 14th or 15th century the church was rebuilt. A number of mediaeval burials were

found, one producing three pairs of glass bracelets. Subsidiary buildings found included one with

evidence of iron-working and a watch-tower, the whole complex seemingly surrounded by an

enclosure wall. Roman remains underlie the site (BCH 1985, 935-8; BCH 1986, 876-877).

Bibliography


Flourentzos, Basilica at Alassa

Arch Rep 1981-1985 64

Amathous 6 25 24

Amathous - Akropolis

Yes

The basilica is in the center of a massive 60x46 m courtyard. Oriented to the northeast. Three

aisled with a nartex and an exonarthex and a large number of annexes to the north and south.

Galleries stood above the narthex and ailses.

Aupert 1996: "Some features are characteristic of Cypriot ecclesiastical architecture in general:

the sequences of rooms around the basilica, the multiplicity of benches built against the walls of

various rooms, and the opus sectile paving and champleve wall decoration. Other features recall

traditions of churches in Constantinople: the exterior design of the apses, the synthronon, and

raised stylobates [only 0.30 m above the level of the nave]. A few features are unique to this

building: the ambo or preacher's pulpit, the peripheral gutter, and the interior form of the apse.

The shape formed by the three naves is usually a rectangle; here it is a square, an anomaly, and

moreover very small, only 13 x 13 m. making this the smalles three-naved basilica in Cyprus."

(Note: the building was abandoned before being destroyed.)

Bibliography


Aupert 1996 132-145.

A. Pralong, "La basilique de l'Acropolie d'Amaathone (Chyrpe)" RAC 1-2

(1994), 411-455.

411-455.

Amathous 0 23 6.8

Amathous - Ay. Tychonas

Several phases of building lasting from the 4 c. into the Frankish period. Probably a cemetery

church.

Aupert 1996: "The tombs of the very first church (phase I) were sealed under the pavement by

the church of phase II, but inhumation continued on the periphery of the building… A striking

feature of this church is the set of three apsidal chapters facing northward off the west half of the

north nave.

The church was originally a three aisled cemetery church dated "through numismatic evidence to

the late fourth century, thus contemporaneous with Mnemonios, the first known bishop of

Amathus, and with his successor Tychon."

The later phase of the church becomes associated with the burial place of St. John the Almsgiver,

perhaps in the apsidal chamber to the north.

Bibliography


Aupert 1996 153-160

Amathous 0 0 0

Amathous - Ay. Varvara

Yes

Aupert 1996: "At the east end of this cemetery, M. Loullopolis exposed a basilica and an oil

press built around the entrance of a grotto-chapel dedicated to the healer, St. Barbara, and still

frequented by the devout who leave sheet metal and wax votives at a tree nearby. This complex

with its little five-nave basilica (chancel apse decorated with mosaic) surrounded by cell-like

rooms and dependencies such as a water tank and oil press could be interpreted as a monastery."

Bibliography


BCH 100 (1976) 888-891

Arch Rep 1969-1976 69

BCH 101 (1977) 720, 763-765

Aupert 1996 169-170

Amathous 0 17 12

Amathous - Foot of the Acropolis

Aupert 1996, 88: "

"The little basilica at the foot of the Amathus acropolis near the modern turn-off to the agora was

discovered by chance, identified by Kyriakos Nicolaou, and excavated by theis writer from 1965-

1966. It is a three-aisled basilica, the aisles preceded by a narthex and an exonarthex. Part of the

north wall is cut from the living rock. The apses are semi-circular on the interior, polygonal on

the exterior. The floors are covered with lime mortar except the chancel with is paved with opus

sectile. This combination of flooring is also found in the basilica of Acheiropoietos of

Lampoussa and in the episcopal church of Kourion.

Three doors lead from the narthex into the naos, that is the main body of the church, as is the

case in all three aisled basilicas in Cyprus. On the other hand, contrary to custom, the atrium, or

courtyard, is here replaced by narrow exonarthex. One gained entry to it through the funerary

room. The parekklesion, a room is attached to the south wall of the basilica. Another building,

not completely excavated, is in turn situated further south. The northern most nave probably

communicated with a skeuophylakion, the room where ecclesiastical utensils and other items

were kept.

The distances between the columns of the colonnades that line the aisles are irregular, which

suggests that the stone capitals (one Corinthian capital has been found) supported wooden beams

and not arches of brick or stone. The chancel floor is elevated slighty above that of the rest of the

basilica. Within this space was found the altar table base in which were imbedded the lower

parts of five little pillars designed to support the table. A drain leads from the table to a basin

called "the little sea". Tessarae found in the destruction debris confirm that the basilica once

carried mosaic decoration. The cornices bore plaster reliefs showing dogs chasing does, a style of

decoration also found in the house known as the 'oil mill' at Salamis and in the basilicas at Kition

(Angelokiste) and Kalavasos. Drawn from the secular world, hunting scenes of this sort were

deemed inappropriate for chruches according to the early fifth century theologian Nilus of

Ancyra …"

Bibliography


Aupert 1996 84-88

BCH 86 (1962) 413

Amathous 0 0 0

Amathous - The Great Southeast Basilica

Yes

Aupert 1996:"Work along the beach east of the ancient agora has revealed the remains of a 70 m

long basilica half of which has been destroyed by the sea. One of five churches at Amathus, this

one, built in the second half of the fifth century, had three naves with corresponding apses, two

colonnades, and floors paved with opus sectile. There was a narthex and a porticoed atrium, or

courtyard. Some of the surrounding rooms feature benches. The complex was damaged by Arab

raids of 653/654 and partially restored under Constantine IV (668-680)"

Bibliography


Aupert 1996 162-164

Michaelides 1998 212-213

Larnaka 6 0 0

Angeloktistos - Kiti

Yes

Only apse of Early Christian basilicas preserved.

Bibliography


Megaw 1974 74-75

Polis 5 23 12.5

Arsinoe - Polis Chrysochous

Bibliography


Papacostas 1999 no. 20

W.A.P. Childs, "First Preliminary Report on the Excavations at Polis

Chrysochous by Princeton University," RDAC (1988), 121-130.

127-129

Karpas 7 600 0 0

Asomatos-Aphendrica

Megaw (1946), 50:"Of the three churches this is the best preserved. The south wall of the nave,

which is of four bays, stands to its full height, the south aisle with its semicircular barrel-vault is

complete and enough remains of the nave vaulting to show that it too was semicircular in form.

Massive piers in the nave arcades, internal blind arcading on the south wall, attached pilasters

carrying transverse arches under the vaults and absence of any clerestory windows; these are its

characteristic features. Examination of what is preserved of the east end shows that they are all

secondary. The masonry of the apses is superior and set in much deeper courses. That of the nave

arcade does not bond with it (Fig. q), nor that of the south wall (the junction can be seen through

the arch in Fig. 4). At the south-west angle of the church, the corner is formed in masonry of the

same massive construction, within which has been set the lighter masonry closing the internal

blind arcading and carrying the south aisle vault.

At this point some of the masonry of the original angle has fallen away revealing that of the

secondary construction built within it (Fig. 5).

In its present form, then, this church is a reconstruction with masonry vaults of an earlier

building of similar dimensions. That this was not vaulted but followed the normal, woodroofed

type of Early Christian basilica, is evident from examination of the abutment of the remains of

the north arcade on the east wall (Fig. 6). Here the masonry of the rectangular respond which

carried the easternmost arch has fallen away, revealing a few drums of an attached half-column,

bonded into the masonry of the apses. Where the south arcade meets the east wall the secondary

masonry has survived, also at the abutment of both arcades on the west wall, concealing what

remains of the corresponding half-columns. Between the east and west half-columns the original

arcades were probably set in six intercolumniations of about 2.4 metres, as shown in the plan

(Fig. 2). Such a system of supports, together with external walls 55 centimetres thick, could only

have carried a wooden superstructure. The nave was doubtless roofed at a higher level than the

aisles, to permit clerestory lighting.

The passages giving access from the central to the lateral apses belong to the original

construction. A stone chancel post built into the south wall of the nave may have formed part of

the screen enclosing the original sanctuary, the arrangement of which could probably be

determined by excavation. A few stones, evidently in situ, among the debris of fallen vaulting

suggest that in the reconstructed church the easternmost bay of the nave was enclosed."

Bibliography


A.H.S. Megaw, "Three Vaulted Basilicas in Cyprus," JHS 66 (1946) 46-56


Famagusta 5 0 0

Ay. Barnabas - Salamis

Bibliography



Soteriou, "Ὁ ηάθος ηοῦ Ἀποζηόιος Βαρλάβας,"Κσπ. Σποσδ. 1 (1937), 3-

15.

3-15.

Soteriou 1935 fig. 8 pl. 17

Megaw 1974 78 and note 85

Nicosia 0 0 0

Ay. Barnabas and Hilarion

Bibliography


Papageorghiou 1985 300 note 12

Famagusta 4 57 35

Ay. Epiphanios - Salamis

Yes Yes

Five aisled.

Bibliography



Megaw 1974 61-63

Papageorghiou 1985 301-305


A.H.S. Megaw, "Betwixt Greeks and Saracens," in V. Karageorghis ed.

Acts of the International Archaeological Symposium: Cyprus between

Orient and Occident. (Nicosia 1986), 505-519

509

Arch Rep (1957) 49-50

G. Jeffery, AntJ 8 (1928) 345

Soteriou, Byzantine Monuments fig. 3

Arch Rep (1954) 33

Arch Rep (1956) 29-31

Arch Rep (1958) 32

Delvoye 1976 10f

Syntagma 1974 140

6 27.8 19

Ay. Georgios - Peyias - Basilica I

Yes Yes Yes

Papageorghiou 1985, p. 314: "La basilica A de Saint-Georges de Peyia… [trans]: Two ranges of

columns divide into three naves terminating in three semi-circular apses. The middl apse has

three sides on the exterior and the flanking apses (oddly) have two. In the central apse there is a

semo-circular synthronon (cf. Ay. Epiphanios, Au. Varnavas, Panayia Angeloktiste, Panayia

Aphendrika, and Panayia Syka). The sanctuary extends not only into the central nave, but also

into part of the east of the flanking aisles (cf. Ay. Epiphanos, Kampanopetra, Marathovouno,

both at Kourion, Ay. Kyriaki, and the two other basilicas at Ay. Georgios)….The ambo of the

basilica is found on the longitudinal axis as the ambos od the basilica at Kourion, Ay. Trias, and

maybe the Kampanopetra… The bases, columns, capitals and also the marbles of the ambo are

imported from the aisles of the Propontis.

Bibliography


Arch Rep (1954) 33

JHS 75 (1955) 33

BCH 95 (1971) 432

AJA 77 (1973) 433

Michaelides 1998 216-223.

Michaelides "The Ambo of Basilica A at Cape Drepanon" in Mosaic (for

A.H.S. Megaw)

get pages

FA 4 (1951) 545 n. 5183

AJA 55 (1951) 169

JHS 70 (1950) 15

Khatchatrian, Les baptisteres paleochretiens (Paris 1962) 76

JHS 74 (1954) 175

Megaw 1974 71-72

FA 7 (1954) 418 n. 5411

Syntagma 1974 150ff



BZ 48 (1955) 260

BZ 47 (1954) 257

FA 8/9 (1956) 378 n. 5108, 39

JHS 73 (1953) 137

Delvoye 1976 19

0 0 0

Ay. Georgios - Peyias - Basilica II

Bibliography


Megaw 1974 72

0 0 0

Ay. Georgios - Peyias - Basilica III

Bibliography


Megaw 1974 72

Tomassos 0 0 0

Ay. Heracleidios - Politico

Bibliography


Papageorghiou 1964 3ff and 20ff

Arch Rep 1965/1966 42

BZ 59 (1966) 234

AD 20 (1965), B3, 614



AJA 71 (1967) 405

Papageorghiou 1965-1966 12ff

Papageorghiou, BCH 89 (1965) 297f.

Syntagma 1974 140

I. P. Tsiknopoulos, Ὀ Ὰγηος Ἡερατιείδος ἡ ἱερὰ αὐηοῦ κολὴ... (Nicosia

1967)

9-73

Michaelides 1988 86 note 18

Akamas 6 21.7 13.7

Ay. Kononas

Yes

Jane Feifer and H. E. Mathiesen, "The Site of Ay. Kononas," p. 83: "The basilica measuring 13.7

x 21.7 including narthex, had three aisles with two interior rows each of 4 columns, and an apse

only at the axis of the middle nave. There seems to have been at least three building phases. In

the latest phase, probably of the 8th century, a wall had been constructed north and south of the

bema from the east wall to the second column from the east, thus creating around the bema a

room with the width of the former central nave and open to the west. As a result of this

rebuilding, the parapet at the bema had to be moved westwards from an original position almost

in the middle of the nave. The parapet is decorated with intricate openwork patterns of circles

and crosses, drawn with a pair of compasses; the poles had a decoration of incises S's and ended

upwards in a pine cone. The columns in this phase were set in place without their original

profiled bases, but still, it seems, retained their capitals sculpted with crosses and pomegranates.

All architectural members, columns, bases, capitals, and mouldings, except for the parapet with

is of Lefkara chalk found in the Akamas mountains, were made of local limestone. The

mouldings from the basilica, of rather a simple type, find close parallels in the Early Christian

basilicas at Cape Drepanon, and it seems an obvious possibility that the same stone masons

worked in both places. According to Megaw the basilicas at Cape Drepanaon date to the

Justinian period, suggesting a similar date for the construction of the basilica at Ayios Kononas.

Parts of the walls of the basilica have been built of well cut ashlars, but there are also sections of

less regular stones and sections of flattish stones laid in a 'tile-technique'. In parts of the

building, bedrock made up the floor, while in its east end, we found a few slabs of gypsum

stone. Apparently, the basilica was the only building at Ayios Kononas with a completely tile

roof, of which large portions have been found where they fell, when the roof collapsed. It is

unknown to whom the church was originally consecrated, but Saint Konon would seem an

obviously possibility, or perhaps Saint Epiphanios. A consecration to the latter might partly

explain the rather modest decorative scheme of the basilica, since Epiphanios seems to heb been

sceptical of figural decoration…"

Bibliography


J. Feifer, Ancient Akamas I: Settlement and Environment. (Aarhus 1995) 82-84

Paphos 4 47 38

Ay. Kyriaki - Panayia Chrysopolitissa

Yes

Arch Rep 1969-1976: "Mr Papageorghiou also excavated an Early Christian basilica church at

the site where the later church of Ayia Kyriaki was built, close to the Gothic one mentioned

above. It is five-aisled; the nave and the two inner aisles ended in apses internally. semi-circular

and externally semihexagonal. The outer aisles ended in a straight wall at the east. The basilica

measures 47 m. x 38 m. internally and was one of the largest in Cyprus. The floor was paved

with mosaics some of which have survived in the north outer aisle."

Bibliography


BCH 108 (1984) 859f

BCH 110 (1986) 862

Papageorghiou 1967-1968 10

BCH 105 (1981) 1007

A.H.S. Megaw, "Reflections on Byzantine Paphos," Kathegetria: Essays

Presented to Joan Hussey. (1988)

136-139

BCH 102 (1978) 936

BCH 104 (1980) 801

BCH 107 (1983) 945

A. Papageorghiou, "L'architecture Paleochretienne de Chypre," CCREB

32 (1985)

305-307.

BCH 109 (1985) 957f

Micahaelides 1998 198-201

BCH 106 (1982) 737

Arch Rep 1969-1976 69

Arch Rep (1968-1969) 54


BCH 100 (1976) 899f


BCH 103 (1979) 722

A. Papageorghiou, "Foreign Influences on the Early Christian architecture

of Cyprus,"

491

BCH 96 (1972) 1091f

Arch Rep (1980-81) 72

AJA 76 (1972) 316

BCH 101 (1977) 776f

BCH 97 (1973) 679f

BCH 99 (1975) 844

Megaw 1974 11, 17

AJA 84 (1980) 73

AJA 81 (1977) 532

AJA 77 (1973) 57

Papageorghiou 1985 305ff

AJA 74 (1970) 395f

BCH 98 (1974) 895

Morphou 0 0 0

Ay. Mamas - Morphou

Bibliography


A.I. Dikigoropoulos, Cyprus "betwixt Greeks and Saracens" A.D. 647-

965. Oxford Thesis. 1961

185


Carpasia 0 0 0

Ay. Philon

Bibliography


J. du Plat Taylor and H. Megaw, "Excavations at Ayios Philon, the ancient

Carpasia," RDAC (1981)

209-250.


A.H. S. Megaw, "Three Vaulted basilicas in Cyprus," JHS 66 (1948) 49

Megaw 1974 64

Famagusta 0 0 0

Ay. Procopius

Chatzechristophi (1997) dates the building on the basis of the floors to the middle 6th c. Groups

it with the buildings of Ay. Epiphanius at Salamis and Ay. Philon on Karpas. Suggests Syrian

influence for the floors.

Bibliography



F. Chatzechristophi, "Το δάπεδο ηοσ αγίοσ Προθοπίοσ ζηε Σύγθραζε,"

RDAC (1997)

277-283

S. Hadjusavvas, Καηαβοιές 1 Αρταηοιογηθή επηζθόπηζε 20 θαηετοκέλωλ

ζήκερα τωρηώλ ηες επαρτίας Ακκοτώζηοσ. (Nicosia 1991)

94

5 400 0 0

Ay. Spyridon - Tremethoushia

Three aisled

Bibliography


BCH 91 (1967) 365

Syntagma 1974 142

Papageorghiou 1965-1966 15-20

A. Papageorghiou, "Ἔρεσλα εἰς ηὸλ λαὸλ ηοῦ Ἁγ. Σπσρίδωλος ἐλ

Τρεκεηοσζηᾶη," Κσπρηαθαὶ Σποσδαὶ Λ΄ (1966)

17-33.

BZ 62 (1969) 447

BZ 61 (1968) 210


BZ 63 (1970) 200, 240

J. and L. Robert, Bull. Epig., REG 83 (1970) 478 no. 648

Megaw 1974 61

Michaelides 1988 88 note 22

AJA 72 (1965) 379

AJA 71 (1964) 406

AD 22 (1967) B2 548f.

Fasti Archeologici 22 (1971) 513 no. 7799

Ay. Napa 0 0 0

Ay. Thekla

Yes

Hadjisavvas 1997, 27: "The site is marked by a modern chapel built on a small eminence some 6

km. west of the nucleus of the old village of Ay. Napa. Adjacent to the south there are some

remains of buildings with mosaic floors destroyed long ago. Tesserae are still found on the

surface. Most probably these remaisn belong to an Early Christian basilica or a monastery

church."

Bibliography


Hadjisavvas 1997 27

Karpas 5 Late

5th

0 0

Ay. Trias - Yialousa

Yes

Central ambo (cf. Basilica A at Ay. Georgios and Kourion Episcopal).

Arch Rep (1961-1965), 42: "A. Papageorghiou undertook the excavation of an Early Christian

basilica which was located in 1957 at Ayia Trias. Work was started in 1963 and is still going on.

The church, the narthex and the atrium have been uncovered. The church is three-aisled and

paved with mosaics. The mosaics were consolidated in 1965. Two inscriptions on the mosaic

pavement give the name of the donor and of the mosaicist. The basilica may be dated to the end

of the fifth century and seems to have been destroyed during the Arab raids of the mid-seventh

century A.D.

Bibliography


BZ 53 (1960) 159f.

BCH 88 (1964) 372-374


Papageorghiou 1967-1968 23

Arch Rep (1968-1969) 53

Syntagma 1974 148ff

BCH 90 (1966) 389

BCH 95 (1971) 403

Papageorghiou 1965-1966 4ff


FA 12 (1959) 488 n. 8024

Arch Rep (1965-1966) 42f

Arch Rep (1957) 50

BZ 57 (1964) 544

BCH 88 (1964) 363

Papageorghiou AB 25 (1964) 155f.

Megaw 1974 67

0 0 0

Ay. Tychikos

Yes

Bibliography


Papageorghiou 1985 316-318.


0 0 0

Ayia Moni

Only Apse of Early Christian basilicas preserved.

Bibliography



Nicosia 0 0 0

Bedestan - Nicosia

Bibliography


Megaw 1974 71 note 53a

RDAC (1937-1939) 192

8 Late

7th/ea

rly

8th --

spolia.

0 0

Episkopi Saraya

Papacostas 1999: "description: 3 aisled basilica with 3 apses, of uncertain dimensions, support,

and roofing system using spolia from deliberately dismanted 5th-c. Curium basilica

[Megaw(1993) 60-62]; dating: late 7th c./early 8th c. (?) suggested by evidence for abandonment

of episcopal complex at nearby Curium [Megaw(1993), 60-62].

For the champleve see: M. Solomidou-Ieronimidou, "Un 'champleve' paleochretien" RDAC

(1989)

Bibliography


M. Solomidou-Ieronimidou, "Un 'champleve' paleochretien" RDAC (1989) 167-170

S. Young, "Episkopi Serayia. The medieval manor and the sugar industry

in Cyprus," in An Archaeological Guide to the Ancient Kourion Area and

the Akrotiri Peninsula. H. Wylde Swiny ed. (Nicosia 1982)

151-159


A.H.S. Megaw, "The episcopal precinct at Kourion and the evidence for re-

location," Sweet Land of Cyprus

53-67


Near

Athienou

0 16 11

Giorkous

Partially excavated. Note the fragments of molded plaster screens. Narthex. No evidence for an

atrium. Seemingly single apse.

Bibliography


C. Bakirtzis, "Παιαηοτρηζηηαληθή βαζηιηθή ζηοσς Γηορθούς ΒΑ ηες

Αζεαίλοσ," RDAC (1976)

260-266

G. Bakalaki, "Ἠ ἀλαζθαθὴ ζηοὺς "Γηορθοὺς" (ΒΑ ηῆς Ἀζεαίλοσ)" KS

(1974-1975)

13-18

Salamis 6 0 0

Hagiasma of Nicodemus

Megaw 1974, 73: "Thanks to the fact that the writ of iconoclast emperors was ineffective in

Cyprus, the Island has something to show of early mural decorations. The establishment of the

Hagiasma of Nicodemus at Salamis-Constantina with inscriptions and a painted panel of Nilotic

character below a medalion of the bearded Christ is datable to the sixth century, when the

Constantinopolitan repertory embraced both these elements."

Michaelides 1998, 225-226:"Un esempio che, certo, non ha la monumentalita dei precedenti ma

e comunque interessantisimo, e l'Agiasma di Nicodemo a Salamis, la pittura cristiana piu antica

nell'isola. Qui, una cisterna romana fu transformata in un agiasma nel VI secolo. Si tratta di

pozzi comunicanti, in uno dei quali una striscia dipinta segnava il livello dell'acqua. Varie

iscrizioni invocana l'aiuto di santi locali, S. Barbana e S. Epifanio, e citano versi della preghiera

dell'ufficio di Megas Agiasmos. Le cose piu importanti pero sono l'iscrizione dedicatoria da

parte di un certo Nicodemos, e la pittura stessa che e un consueto paesaggio nilotico di antica

tradizione, sormontato, piutosto incongruentemente, da un medaglione con la testa di un Cristo

barbato."

Bibliography


Megaw 1974 73

M. Sacopoulo, CahArch 13 (1962) 62-87

Michaeolides 1998 225-226

Salamis 6 41 20

Kampanopetra - Salamis

Yes Yes

Bibliography


G. Roux, Salamine de Chypre 15: La Basilique de la Campanopetra.

(Parist 1998).

Megaw 1974 68-71

J. Pouilloux, "Fouilles a Salamine de Chypre," RDAC (1969) 47-53

J. Pouilloux in V. Karageorghis, BCH 95 (1971) 396-398



Ay. Napa 0 0 0

Katakymata

Hadjisavvas 1997, 31: "A great quantity of building material, now gathered by the farmers at the

sides of the fields, indicate the presence of an important settlement. The remains include

fragments of columns and other architectural details. The probably site of an Early Christian

basilica has been located in the southeastern end of the settlement."

Bibliography


Hadjisavvas 1997 31

Akrotiri 0 0 0

Katalymata ton Plakoton

Yes

Leonard 2005, 559: "Katalymata ton Plakoton lies on the W coast of Akrotiri Peninsula where it

is crossed by the western perimeter fence of the British RAF base. Heywood claims that a

basilica once stood on the site, as evidenced by “piles of rubble, fragments of marble, [and]

broken column bases and capitals” (1982: 167). Haggerty, following his own investigations,

reports having seen “mosaic floors” (N. D.: 6)."

<<This must be the site now under excavation there>>

Bibliography


Leonard 2005 559

H. C. Heywood, "The Archaeological Remains of the Akrotiri Peninsula,"

in An Archaeological Guide to the Ancient Kourion Area and the Akrotiri

Peninsula. H. Wylde Swiny ed. (Nicosia 1982)

167

Akrotiri 0 0 0

Kato Katalymata

Sollars 2005, 84:"Three sections of wall with clear faces and corners lining a rectangular

depression, just south of the centre of the Last area, indicated a structure measuring

approximately 5 x 5 m. Rather closer to the centre, toward the northwest of the square, a low

section of curved wall was probably the apse of a basilica; another stretch of wall, 20 m to the

south, appeared to be associated with the same structure. In the past, WSBAAS members have

recovered mosaic tiles and brass fixings for wall marble from the site, and there is a local story

that columns were taken to a nearby local church, but no details were available. There was still a

considerable amount of marble in and around the basilica; it was mostly worked fragments of

column marble, but one small piece was particularly intricately carved. There was also a quantity

of high quality, Roman cover tile fragments amongst the marble."

Bibliography


L. H. Sollars, Settlement and Community: Their Location, Limits and

Movement through the Landscape of Historical Cyprus. Thesis (Ph.D.)

University of Glasgow 2005

83-91

0 21 13

Kopetra-North Church

Yes Yes

Bibliography


Rautman, Kopetra 121-131

7 600 16 9

Kopetra-Sirmata

Bibliography



0 17 10

Kopetra-South Church

Yes Yes

Bibliography



0 35.9 23

Kourion - Episcopal

Yes Yes Yes

Bibliography



A.H.S. Megaw, Kourion : excavations in the episcopal precinct.

(Washington, DC 2007)

0 0 0

Kourion - Extra Muros

Michaelides 1998, p. 214: "La basilica extra murous di Kourion e munita di un atrio con una

cisterna gigantesca, e conserva pavimenti di opus sectile, ormai lasciati andare in rovina.

Wittingham 1982, 81-83: "The Basilica can be entered from the south. A flight of steps leads

into the artium which judging from the column bases that remain, was once surrounded by a

paved protico. This gave a dignified seculusion to the church, and was an area often reserved for

penitents and late-comers. A vestibule at the northern end provided a second entrance.

The central feature in the atrium is the large rectangular cistern made of masonry. It was used

for holding rain water collected from the roof and carried through stone pipes that run under the

northern passage and the atrium itself. Though a normal method for storing water, the tank was

probably an earlier feature as it does not relate to the general layout of the building. It is most

likely that the early Christians considered this to be an appropriate site to build the Small

Basilica around the cistern.

The two small rooms on either side of the vestibule, one of which has retained its limestone

paved floor, were probably once stoerooms and may be contained reserves of oil for the lamps,

candles, and incense used in the church.

Three doors in the narrow east portico of the atrium opened into the narthex…

The stylobates, separating the central nave from the aisles once supported two rows of columns

on top of which would have been a wall; above a series of glass windows permitted plenty of

light to reach the nave. Orginally a slanting tiled roof covered the church...

As can be seen from the fragments that still remain, marble plaques arranged in a series of

geometric designs covered the floor of the nave, chancel, and apse.

The nave and aisles terminate in three projecting apses at the eastern end. This is an

arrengement that is exemplified in many early churches on the island and also in Palestine…

The foundations for the clergy bench or synthronon can be seen in the central apse…

Leading from the corridor on the north side of the Small Basilica is a small chapel where the

faithful may have deposited their offerings."

Bibliography


Michaelides 1998 213-214.

D. Whittingham, "The Small Basilica: "at Meydan"" in An Archaeological

Guide to the Ancient Kourion Area and the Akrotiri Peninsula. H. Wylde

Swiny ed. (Nicosia 1982)

80-85.

T.B. Mitford, The Inscriptions of Kourion. Philadelphia 1971

BCH 99 (1975)

J.L. Benson, "Spirally Fluted Columns in Cyprus," AJA 64 (1960)

BCH 98 (1974)

BCH 97 (1973)

BCH 96 (1972)

0 0 0

Kourion - Harbor

Bibliography


Leonard 2005 573

BCH 123 (1999) 620

BCH 122 (1998) 684

Paphos 0 0 0

Ktima

Bibliography


Papageorghiou, AB 25 (1964) 162

7 0 0

Lysi

Arch Rep (1961-1966), 42: "The remains of a three-aisled basilica of Early Christian times were

excavated in 1963 at the locality 'Panayia' west of Lysi village. It was found paved with Cypriot

marmara [i.e. gypsum]. The church cannot be dated earlier than the seventh century and was

destroyed probably soon after by fire."

Bibliography


Arch Rep 1961-1966 43

A. Papageorghiou, Apostolos Varnavas (1964) 8ff.

0 21 14

Marathovouno

single semi-circular apse, three aisled, narthex.

Bibliography


Papageorghiou, "Η βαζηιηθή Μαραζοβούλοσ," RDAC (1963) 84-101

0 0 0

Maroni-Petrera

Bibliography


Manning, Maroni Petrera passim.

Karpas 6 0 0

Panayia Kanakaria - Lythrankomi

Early Justinianic mosaic fragments (cf Kiti and Panayia tis Kyras)

Only apse of Early Christian basilicas preserved.

Bibliography


A.H.S. Megaw and E.J.W. Hawkins, The Church of the Panayia Kanakaria

at Lythrankomi in Cyprus, its mosaics and frescoes. (Washington, D.C.

1977)

Paphos 5 0 0

Panayia Limeniotissa - Paphos

Bibliography


BZ 61 (1968) 443

Megaw 1974 71 note 53

Papageorghiou KS 30 (1966) 25 n. 12

AJA 72 (1968) 376

FA 14 (1962) 410 n. 6580, 42

BCH 93 (1969) 504

Arch Rep (1961-1962) 45

BZ 63 (1970) 432

BCH 92 (1968) 351


AJA 71 (1967) 403

A.H.S. Megaw, "Reflections on Byzantine Paphos," Kathegetria: Essays

Presented to Joan Hussey. (1988)

140 note 12

BCH 84 (1960) 292

Syntagma 1974 145

AJA 74 (1970) 75

BZ 54 (1961) 471

AAA 2 (1969) 54

Arch Rep (1968-1969) 53-54

A.H.S. Megaw, "Excavations in Cyprus 1937-1939," RDAC (1937-1939), 217

Famagusta 0 0 0

Panayia Pergamenotissa

Bibliography


S. Hadjusavvas, Καηαβοιές 1 Αρταηοιογηθή επηζθόπηζε 20 θαηετοκέλωλ

ζήκερα τωρηώλ ηες επαρτίας Ακκοτώζηοσ. (Nicosia 1991)

7-8


Karpas 7 600? 0 0

Panayia Syka

Yes

Megaw (1946), 52-53: "“This is the smallest of the three churches, having in its present form

only three bays; but it has a narthex, a feature absent in the others (Fig. I 2). Other differences are

the lack of internal blind arcading on the north and south walls and the use in the aisles of

corbels to carry the transverse arches (Fig. I I). However, its general character is similar, though

its construction is inferior. Like the other two churches, it is a reconstruction with stone vaults of

a wood-roofed, columnar basilica. Of the latter the west wall and the lower parts of the apses

have survived. Between the apses some drums of' the half-columns which ended the colonnades

are preservcd (Fig. ~ q )a,n d the corresponding western half-columns are plainly visible. Five

intercolumniations of 2.4 jmetres would close the colonnades, as indicated on the plan. Further

details of the first basilica were disclosed about fifteen years ago, when in a period of drought

the cultivators of the neighbourhood cleared the debris from the interior, to appease the Panayia,

and summoned n priest to pray there for rain. The floor of the reconstructed church was reached

and broken through, revealing part of the original pavement about 30 ccntimetre below it. In the

central apse a simple synthronon was laid bare. In the course of the same clearance works

fragments of a marblc ambon and of chancel panels came to light. This church lacks the

passages communicating from the. central to the lateral apses. On the south side there are traces

of a second aisle or chapel with apsidal east end, evidently of the first period.

When the building was reconstructed as a vaulted basilica the north and south walls were entirely

rebuilt, almost double the original thickness. The internal blind arcading, lacking on these walls,

recurs in the narthex added outside tlie west wall, evidently at the time of reconstruction. This is

in three parts following the standard Middle-Byzantine form: barrel vaults running north-south

covering the two lateral divisions (much of the northern vault is preserved) with a third, at a

higher level, running cast-west over the central part. Some trace of paintings have survived on

the reconstructed north wall and on some of the piers, too meager to give any indication of their

date.”

Bibliography


Megaw 1974 76



Karpas 600 very

late

6th -

early

7th

0 0

Panayia tis Kyras - Livadia

Megaw 1974, 76: "Nor is there any reason to consider provincial the mosaic of the orant Virgin

of which something remains in an early basilica apse incorporated in the small domed church of

the Panayia tis Kyras at Livadia. The iconographic type, which was followed in the Lateran

chapel of San Venazio (between 642-650), and the relation of the attendant figures to a position

outside the apse conform with what could be expected in a church of the metropolitan area in the

first half of the seventh century."

Megaw and Hawkins (1974), 363-364: "The church is of the cruciform type, which, though

primative in character, remained popular in Cyprus throughout the Middle Ages. What is left of

the mosaic is in the sanctuary arm of the cross, in the tiny semidome of the apse, which is only

2.10 m in diameter. It can be shown that this apse and its mosaic are older than the rest of the

church, which has features found elsewhere in Cyprus in a chruch of the 12th century."

"One indication that the apse is not contemporary with the rest o fthe church, is the clumsy way

in which a prothesis niceh has been provided by encroaching on the apse itself. A significant

relic from the original building to which the apse belonged is immured at the eastern springing of

the north vault. It is a marble post of the type commonly used in the low sanctuary screens of

early basilicas. Other relics from the first church lie outside it successor, including stone column-

shafts from it colonnades."

[p. 366]: "On the other hand, the isolationof the standing Theotokos in a gold conch, without

either accompanying firguresor landscape elements was already current in the Byzantine sphere

in the seventh century. The initial, pre-iconoclastic Virgin in the apse of the church of the

Dormition at Nicaea stood thus isolated, and on a footstool; though that figure almost certainly

held the Child in her arms. Consequently, no anachronism is involved in suggesting a seventh-

century date for this example of the isolated orant Virgin in Cyprus.

If that dating is correct, a comparison is called for with the Kiti mosaic, since this also has been

assigned to the seventh century. Despite the basic iconographic differences, there are several

points of similatity: the steep perspective of the footstool and the way in which it cutes into the

lower border; the pose of the Virgin with the weight on one foot and the other carried well to the

side; and, perhaps the most significant similarity, the very small size of the marble tesserae used

in the face and hands. These two mosaics in Cyprus may not then be as far apart in date as

appears at first sight, though the Livadia fragment is probably the later of the two.

Bibliography


Megaw 1974 76

A.H.S. Megaw "Mosaici parietali paleobizantini di Cipro," Corsi 32 (1985) 173-198

A.H.S. Megaw and E.J.W. Hawkins, "A Fragmentary Mosaic of Cyprus,"

CIEB 14.3 (Bucharest 1974)

363-366

Karpas 7 600? 0 0

Panayia-Aphendrica

Megaw, 1946, 50-52: "The present church is a well-preserved building of sixteenth-century style

covered with a pointed barrel-vault, occupying the three western bays of the nave of a vaulted

basilica similar to, but larger than, the Asomatos church (Fig. 7). A large arch in the south wall,

corresponding to the second arch of the earlier arcade, suggests that when the present church was

built part of the south aisle was still intact and was retained as an aisle or chapel for the new

church. Part of the original vaulting of this aisle is shown in Soteriou's photograph, but has now

fallen; the south wall remains. Of the rest of the earlier church little has survived above ground

level apart from a section of the apses at the east end. Here, as in the Asomatos church, the

masonry is massive and is pierced by passages connecting the three apses. Here, too, some drums

of the same half-column responds can be seen in this masonry, where the secondary construction

of the nave arcades has fallen away. In the west wall also, part of the half-column which ended

the original south arcade is visible (Fig. 8). Eastward from this stands a stone column dividing

the westernmost arch of the secondary arcade (Fig. 9). Its distance from the half-column,

measured centre to centre, is 2-75 metres. As a total of eight such intercolumniations would close

on the half-column at the east end it is reasonable to assume that this column has survived in situ

from the original colonnade.

The south wall consists of two parts : an outer thickness, now much decayed and leaning

outwards, and the blind arcade built against its inside face to carry the vault of the south aisle.

The former is built in deep courses of slab construction, twin 'stretchers' alternating with

'headers,' similar to the masonry of the apses. This then is the outer wall of the original columnar

basilica; being no more than 51 centimetres thick it can only have supported a wooden roof.*

The eastern part of the south wall has not survived above ground level, consequently the

arrangement of the east end of the original basilica and of its sanctuary cannot be determined

without excavation. Even the limits of the building suggested on the plan are by no means

certain. When the church was reconstructed as a vaulted basilica it was divided into five bays. In

the three western bays the nave wall on the south side has survived, rising above the vault of' the

sixteenth-century church. Here as in the Asomatos church, there were no clerestory windows. At

the east end, however, the treatment appears to have been different; for above the south-east

angle of the sixtee~lth-century church the curvature of the nave vault is not continued on the

south wall, which from this point eastwards, so far as it is preserved, shows a vertical face on

both sides. There is nothing at this point, nor in the plan, to suggest that the eastern bays of the

nave of the otherwise vaulted basilica were covered by a dome. The unexpected change in the

vaulting could, however, be explained if the second bay of the nave from the east had been raised

to a higher level and covered with a transverse barrel-vault. This would have enabled windows to

be opened in the vertical walls forming the north and south gables of the transverse vault,

admitting light to an otherwise excessively dark interior. Excavation outside the apse of the third

church might throw light on this problematical feature of the second."

Bibliography



Paphos 0 0 0

Paphos - Toumbelos

Bibliography


A. Papageorghiou, "Ο λαός ηοσ Αγίοσ Λαδάροσ ζηε Λάρλαθα," RDAC

(1998)

211 note 18

Paphos 0 0 0

Shyrvallos

Yes

Arch Rep (1961-1965), 43: "partly cleared in 1963 at the locality 'Shyrvallos' on top of the cliffs

east of Paphos town. It proved to be a three-aisled church paved with mosaics, unfortunately

badly damaged by the construction of a house. In the baptistery a mosaic inscription was found

and removed to the Paphos Museum (published in RDAC, I 964,47 ff.) . It refers to the donor of

the mosaic who refuses to reveal his name. A brief report on this excavation appears in

Apostolos Varnavas, I 964, I I ff."

Bibliography


Arch Rep 1961-1966 43

I. Nicolaou, "Inscriptiones Cypriae Alphabeticae (II)" RDAC (1963) 47f.

G. Babic, "North Chapel of the Quatrefoil Church at Ohrid and its mosaic

floor," Zbornik Radova 13 (1971)

269


RDAC (1964) 47ff.

J. and L. Robert, Bull. Epig. REG 78 (1965) 181 n. 448

Syntagma 1974 147f

SEG 23 (1968) 212 n. 635

Arch Rep 1965-1966 43

BCH 88 (1964) 374

Megaw 1974 71, n. 35a.

J. and L. Robert, Bull. Epig. REG 77 (1964) 237f, n. 533 no.

BZ 57 (1964) 544

5 52 30.4

Soloi

Yes

Bibliography


J. des Gagnier, BCH 95 (1971) 424

J. des Gagnier, BCH 94 (1970) 276f.

Tran Tam Tinh, "La Basilica," in Soloi, dix campagnes de fouilles (1964-

1974). Vol 1.

Megaw 1974 64


J. des Gagnier, BCH 91 (1967) 361-363



a provisional catalogue of cypriot churches with study notes and bibliography 2011

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