A PROJECT REPORT

ON

GSM BASED HOME SECURITY SYSTEM

Submitted by

PIYUSH MALHOTRA

PRATEEK ARORA

LIPIKA SUKHIJA

Under the Guidance of

MS. SUNANDA

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

in partial fulfillment for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

IN

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad

JUNE, 2013

I

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

We would like to express our sincere gratitude to our project guide “MS. SUNANDA”

for giving us the opportunity to work on this topic. It would never be possible for us to

take this project to this level without her innovative ideas and her relentless support and

encouragement.

1. PIYUSH MALHOTRA, FET/EC(F)/208

2. PRATEEK ARORA, FET/EC(F)/210

3. LIPIKA SUKHIJA, FET/EC(F)/235

II

DECLARATION

We hereby declare that this project report entitled “GSM BASED HOME SECURITY

SYSTEM” PIYUSH MALHOTRA (FET/EC(F)/208) , PRATEEK ARORA

(FET/EC(F)/210) , LIPIKA SUKHIJA(FET/EC(F)/235) being submitted in partial

fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION under Faculty of Engineering &

Technology of Manav Rachna International University Faridabad, during the academic

year 2013, is a bonafide record of our original work carried out under guidance and

supervision of MS. SUNANDA, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, ECE DEPARTMENT

and has not been presented elsewhere.

1. PIYUSH MALHOTRA, FET/EC(F)/208

2. PRATEEK ARORA, FET/EC(F)/210

3. LIPIKA SUKHIJA, FET/EC(F)/235

Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Department of Electronics and Communication

JUNE, 2013

III

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this project report entitled “GSM BASED HOME SECURITY

SYSTEM” PIYUSH MALHOTRA (FET/EC(F)/208) , PRATEEK ARORA

(FET/EC(F)/210) , LIPIKA SUKHIJA (FET/EC(F)/235), submitted in partial fulfillment

of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in ELECTRONICS AND

COMMUNICATION under Faculty of Engineering & Technology of Manav Rachna

International University Faridabad, during the academic year 2013, is a bonafide record of

work carried out under my guidance and supervision.

(Signature of Project Guide)

MS. SUNANDA

ASSISTANT PROFESSOR

Department of Electronics and Communication

Faculty of Engineering & Technology

Manav Rachna International University, Faridabad

(Signature of HOD)

Mrs. Geeta Nijhawan

Official Seal

IV

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Acknowledgement i

Declaration ii

Certificate iii

Table of Contents iv

List of Figures v

List of Tables vi

Abstract vii

Chapter Page No

I. Introduction

I.1 Goals and Objectives: What are to be achieved?

Motivation: Why this project undertaken?

Method: How was it carried out?

I.2 Overview of the technical area i.e. background technical context

I.3 Overview of the report: what material will you be covering and

how it is arranged in the report

I.4 Problem Statement

I.5 Conclusion

II. Literature Review

V

II.1Introduction

II.2Survey

II.3Conclusion

III. Problem Definition and Requirement Analysis

III.1 Problem Definition

III.2 Requirements

III.3 System Specifications

IV. Design and Implementation

IV.1 Introduction

IV.2 Functional Decompositions

IV.3 Different Design Options

IV.4 Proposed Flow Model

IV.5 Circuit Design

IV.6 Assembly of Hardware and Components

V. Testing and Deployment

V.1Verification

V.2Validation

V.3Evaluation

VI. Conclusion and Future Enhancements

VI.1 Conclusion

VI.2 Critical appraisal of work done

VI.3 Proposal/scope of future enhancement

VI

References/Bibliography

VII

LIST OF FIGURES:

Figure 1:ARDUINO........................................................................................................................22

Figure 2: LCD DISPLAY...................................................................................................................23

Figure 3: LM324 PIN DIAGRAM.....................................................................................................24

Figure 4: LM35 (TEMPERATURE SENSOR).....................................................................................26

Figure 5: IR SENSORS....................................................................................................................28

Figure 6: GSM MODEM.................................................................................................................29

Figure 7: LED.................................................................................................................................30

Figure 8: PROPOSED FLOW MODEL..............................................................................................34

Figure 9: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM.........................................................................................................35

VIII

ABSTRACT

The final year project aims at exposing the students undergoing higher technical studies

to the thoughts and logic that must be developed to ensure that one is able to integrate

his/her ideas into something concrete. This generally is initiated by the inception of an

idea or a concept, which not only aims at developing a product (Hardware or Software),

but also the in-depth study of the earlier existing products in the same category and their

deficiencies. Accordingly an approach is taken to propose a solution, which is better from

the previous ones in one respect or the other.

With the same approach in mind, we, the final year students of Bachelor of Technology

(Electronics and Telecommunication), have taken up the GSM Based Home Security

System as our final year project.

In this project for the security purpose, we will look after:

1) Forced entry through window.

2) Increase of Temperature beyond limit.

3) Password for the opening of door.

In all the above cases, a message will be sent to the home owner and she/ he will be

informed of the situation.

CHAPTER 1

IX

INTRODUCTION

1.1 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

The final year project aims at exposing the students undergoing higher technical studies

to the thoughts and logic that must be developed to ensure that one is able to integrate

his/her ideas into something concrete. This generally is initiated by the inception of an

idea or a concept, which not only aims at developing a product (Hardware or Software),

but also the in-depth study of the earlier existing products in the same category and their

deficiencies. Accordingly an approach is taken to propose a solution, which is better from

the previous ones in one respect or the other.

With the same approach in mind, we, the final year students of Bachelor of Technology

(Electronics and Telecommunication), have taken up the ADVANCE GSM BASED

HOME SECURITY SYSTEM as our final year project.

Automated security systems are a useful addition to today’s home where safety is an

important issue. Vision-based security systems have the advantage of being easy to set

up, inexpensive and non-obtrusive. Home security system for detecting an intrusion into a

monitored area by an infrared detector, a password based entrance and a temperature

sensor. A security system has a free-standing intrusion detector. The free standing

intrusion detector has a transmitter coupled with a portable receiver to alert a homeowner

that an intrusion has taken place or if there are is some risk of fire inside the house.

1.1.1) Motivation

In today’s age of digital technology and intelligent systems, home automation has

become one of the fastest developing application-based technologies in the world. The

idea of comfortable living in home has since changed for the past decade as digital, vision

and wireless technologies are integrated into it. Intelligent homes, in simple terms, can be

described as homes that are fully automated in terms of carrying out a predetermined

task, providing feedback to the users, and responding accordingly to situations. In other

words, it simply allows many aspects of the home system such as temperature and

lighting control, network and communications, entertainment system, emergency

X

response and security monitoring systems to be automated and controlled, both near and

at a distance.

Automated security systems play an important role of providing an extra layer of security

through user authentication to prevent break-ins at entry points and also to track illegal

intrusions or unsolicited activities within the vicinity of the home (indoors and outdoors). There

has been much research done in the design of various types of automated security

systems. Sensor-based systems that rely on contact or movement sensors or contact-based

systems such as fingerprint and palm print scan or keypad activation that require substantial

amount of contact with an input device.

Many security systems are based on only a single system. In an event of system failure or

intrusion of the user authentication, there is no backup system to monitor the home

continually. This shortcoming can be dealt with using multiple security systems (ormulti-

layered security systems). However, multi-system implementations will definitely be

more demanding in terms of computational cost and organization.

1.1.2) Method

The system is composed of the microcontroller based wireless sensor network center

node with GSM module, data collecting node, device control node and mobile phone.

The wireless sensor network data collecting node module is connected with Infrared

Detector, Temperature Sensor, entrance locked with the help of keypad. When the IR

finds that some people intrudes into the house or when the temperature sensor detects too

high indoor temperature or when the password entered is incorrect, the data collecting

node will send encoded alarm signal to the wireless sensor network center node through

the wireless sensor network established in home. Once the Wireless sensor network

center node receives alarm signal, it will send alarm short message to the users through

the GSM module and GSM network immediately.

According to the pulse received by microcontroller, a message is sent to mobile station

through a GSM modem and thus warns the presence of human in the home to owner-

occupier. On the other hand this security system remains in idle position and performs

nothing if no one is in the home. When the temperature sensor detects too high indoor

temperature and at the same time, the sensors will send encoded alarm signal to the home

XI

control center through the wireless sensor network established in home. Once the

wireless control center receives alarm signal, it will send alarm short message to the users

through the GSM module and GSM network immediately.

1.2) OVERVIEW OF TECHICAL AREA

The report consists of a background into the area of ARDUINO microcontroller and

mobile communication, how they are interfaced to each other and

AT (Attention) commands set used in communication. The Microcontroller based system

continuously watching the security issues of your house, if any mishap condition from

above three is occur it will sense and send a message to your mobile.

The main components of the toolkit include microcontroller, GSM modem. These

components are integrated with the device board and thus incorporate the wireless

features. The GSM modem sends the SMS. The AT commands are serially transferred

to the modem. In return the modem transmits the stored message through the wireless

link. The microcontroller used in this case is ATMEGA328. In this prototype model,

LCD display is used for simulation purpose. The results presented in the thesis support

the proper functionalities and working of the system. The timing diagram suggests the

response of the modem to various AT (attention) commands.

1.3) OVERVIEW OF THE REPORT

The proposed integration architecture incorporates subsystems – IR sensors, burglar

alarm module and fire alarm module, into a single automated architecture for practical

implementation in intelligent home environments. The figure shows a block diagram of

the proposed system architecture and its setup and connectivity. The modules work

independently and parallely but share computational resources.

THE project includes Problem Definition, Requirements, Specifications of arduino

ATMEGA328, response of GSM modem to the AT commands, block diagram, circuit

diagram and the proposed flow model for the development of the program.

1.2 PROBLEM STATEMENT

XII

Technology has advanced so much in the last decade or two that it has made life more

efficient and comfortable. The comfort of being able to take control of devices from one

particular location has become imperative as it saves a lot of time and effort. Therefore

there arises a need to do so in a systematic manner which we have tried to implement

with our system. The system we have proposed is an extended approach to automating a

control system.

With the advancement and breakthroughs in technology over the years, the lives of

people have become more complicated and thus they have become busier than before.

With the adoption of our system, we can gain control over certain things that required

constant attention. The application of our system comes in handy when people get to

know about the remote intrusions in their house or if there is some mishap when they are

not at their place.

1.3 CONCLUSION

In the paper low cost, secure, ubiquitously accessible, auto-configurable, remotely

controlled solution for automation of homes has been introduced. The approach discussed

in the paper is novel and has achieved the target to control home appliances remotely

using the SMS-based system satisfying user needs and requirements.

GSM technology capable solution has proved to be controlled remotely, provide home

security and is cost-effective as compared to the previously existing systems. Hence we

can conclude that the required goals and objectives of our project have been achieved.

The basic level of home appliance control and remote monitoring has been implemented.

The system is extensible and more levels can be further developed using automatic

motion/glass breaking detectors so the solution can be integrated with these and other

detection systems.

In future the system will be small box combining the PC and GSM modem. The hardware

will be self-contained and cannot be prone to electric failure. This appliance will have its

own encapsulated UPS and charging system.

CHAPTER 2

XIII

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1) INTRODUCTION

Home security has been a major issue where crime is increasing and everybody wants to

take proper measures to prevent intrusion. In addition, there is need to automate home so

that the user can take the advantage of technological advancement. This project presents a

model that will provide security to their home, office or cabin etc via SMS using GSM

technology.

Keeping in view the rapid growth of wireless communication we are inspired to work on

this project. The idea behind this project is to meet the upcoming challenges of the

modern practical applications of wireless communication and to facilitate our successors

with such splendid ideas that should clear their concept about wireless communication

and control system.

The applications of SMS/GSM Based security system are quite diverse. There are many

real life situations that require control of different devices remotely and to provide

security. There will be instances where a wired connection between a remote

appliance/device and the control unit might not be feasible due to structural problems. In

such cases a wireless connection is a better option.

Basic Idea of our project is to provide GSM Based security even if the owner is away

from the restricted areas. For this we adopted wireless mode of transmission using GSM.

Beside this there are many methods of wireless communication but we selected GSM in

our project because as compared to other techniques, this is an efficient and cheap

solution also, we are much familiar with GSM technology and it is easily available.

2.2) SURVEY

The researchers gathered information from different sources which give appropriate ideas

or what parts to be used in every circuitry involved in this project. Keypad interfacing to

microcontroller using embedded C was the hardest part ever encountered during the

development stage. From a step by step process, researchers started from writing simple

code to more complex. After everything is fixed and tested in virtual simulation, the

researchers soldered everything for implementation stage. Researchers faced many

XIV

problems on hardware such as fine tuning every sensor to work simultaneously with the

burnt program inside the microcontroller. By eliminating those problems gives good and

accurate anticipated result.

Same project could have been designed with:

1) 8051 microcontroller

2) ARDUINO

We are using ATmega 328 to realize this project because:

Using an Arduino simplifies the amount of hardware and software development you need

to do in order to get a system running.

The Arduino hardware platform already has the power and reset circuitry setup as well as

circuitry to program and communicate with the microcontroller over USB. In addition,

the I/O pins of the microcontroller are typically already fed out to sockets/headers for

easy access (This may vary a bit with the specific model).

On the software side, Arduino provides a number of libraries to make programming the

microcontroller easier. More useful are things such as being able to set I/O pins to PWM

at a certain duty cycle using a single command or doing Serial communication.

The greatest advantage is having the hardware platform set up already, especially the fact

that it allows programming and serial communication over USB.

2.3) CONCLUSION:

After reviewing the possible solutions, my team decided to use ARDUINO to make this

project. According to the advantage of ARDUINO over other Microcontrollers, we made

this decision.

XV

CHAPTER 3

PROBLEM DEFINITION AND REQUIREMENT

ANALYSIS

3.1) PROBLEM DEFINITION

With all the necessary background research completed it became clear what basic design

components the entire system would require. First we needed the power to be supplied to

the designed model which will turn on the components. Then, if a person enters house

from outside the window or enters wrong password for consecutively 3 times then

microcontroller will generate the message and will send the message to the authorized

user using the GSM modem. In case, the temperature inside the house increases beyond

limits then also arduino will perform the same operation.

We needed to voltage regulator 7805 convert the 12v to 5v as some components are there

which run by 5v. A proper AT command set is to be defined so that the arduino will

perform accurately.

3.2) REQUIREMENTS

ARDUINO BOARD WITH ATMEGA 328

GSM 300

SIM CARD-VODAFONE

OP AMP-LM 324

IR SENSORS

IC BASES

MOBILE PHONE

TEMPERATURE SENSOR- LM35

RIBBON WIRES

TRANSFORMER

BUTTON SWITCHES

XVI

VOLTAGE REGULATOR-7805

CAPACITORS

PCBs

LEDs

2 PIN CORD

WOODEN BLOCK

A4 SHEETS

FEVICOL

GLUE GUN

DVD TRAY

ADAPTER- 12V

CPU FAN

RESISTORS

HEAT SINK

PIN WIRES

SOLDER IRON

SOLDER WIRE

DIODES

3.3) SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS

1. ARDUINO

Arduino is an open-source electronics prototyping platform based on flexible, easy-to-use

hardware and software. It's intended for artists, designers, hobbyists, and anyone

interested in creating interactive objects or environments.

Arduino can sense the environment by receiving input from a variety of sensors and can

affect its surroundings by controlling lights, motors, and other actuators. The

microcontroller on the board is programmed using the Arduino programming language

and the Arduino development environment. Arduino projects can be stand-alone or they

can communicate with software running on a computer (e.g. Flash, Processing,).

XVII

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328 (datasheet). It has

14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog inputs, a

16 MHz crystal oscillator, a USB connection, a power jack, an ICSP header, and a reset

button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply connect it to

a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get

started.

Features:-

Microcontroller: ATmega328

Operating Voltage: 5V

Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V

Input Voltage (limits): 6-20V

Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

Analog Input Pins: 6

DC Current per I/O Pin: 40 mA

DC Current for 3.3V Pin: 50 Ma

Flash Memory: 32 KB of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader

SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328)

EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328)

Clock Speed: 16 MHz

Power

The Arduino Uno can be powered via the USB connection or with an external power

supply. The power source is selected automatically.

External (non-USB) power can come either from an AC-to-DC adapter (wall-wart) or

battery. The adapter can be connected by plugging a 2.1mm center-positive plug into the

board's power jack. Leads from a battery can be inserted in the Gnd and Vin pin headers

of the POWER connector.

The board can operate on an external supply of 6 to 20 volts. If supplied with less than

XVIII

7V, however, the 5V pin may supply less than five volts and the board may be unstable.

If using more than 12V, the voltage regulator may overheat and damage the board. The

recommended range is 7 to 12 volts. The power pins are as follows:

VIN. The input voltage to the Arduino board when it's using an external power

source (as opposed to 5 volts from the USB connection or other regulated power

source). You can supply voltage through this pin, or, if supplying voltage via the

power jack, access it through this pin.

5V.This pin outputs a regulated 5V from the regulator on the board. The board

can be supplied with power either from the DC power jack (7 - 12V), the USB

connector (5V), or the VIN pin of the board (7-12V). Supplying voltage via the

5V or 3.3V pins bypasses the regulator, and can damage your board. We don't

advise it.

3V3. A 3.3 volt supply generated by the on-board regulator. Maximum current

draw is 50 mA.

GND. Ground pins

Memory

The ATmega328 has 32 KB (with 0.5 KB used for the boot loader). It also has 2 KB of

SRAM and 1 KB of EEPROM.

Input and Output

Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pin mode,

digital write, digital read functions. They operate at 5 volts. Each pin can provide or

receive a maximum of 40 mA and has an internal pull-up resistor (disconnected by

default) of 20-50 kOhms. In addition, some pins have specialized functions:

Serial: 0 (RX) and 1 (TX). Used to receive (RX) and transmit (TX) TTL serial

data. These pins are connected to the corresponding pins of the ATmega8U2

USB-to-TTL Serial chip.

XIX

External Interrupts: 2 and 3. These pins can be configured to trigger an

interrupt on a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value.

PWM: 3, 5, 6, 9, 10, and 11. Provide 8-bit PWM output with the analog write

function.

LED: 13. There is a built-in LED connected to digital pin 13. When the pin is

HIGH value, the LED is on, when the pin is LOW, it’s off.

The Uno has 6 analog inputs, labeled A0 through A5, each of which provide 10 bits of

resolution (i.e. 1024 different values). By default they measure from ground to 5 volts,

though is it possible to change the upper end of their range using the AREF pin and the

analog reference function. There are couple of other pins on the board:

AREF. Reference voltage for the analog inputs. Used with analog reference.

Reset. Bring this line LOW to reset the microcontroller. Typically used to add a

reset button to shields which block the one on the board.

Figure 1:ARDUINO

2. LM324

XX

Since the output voltage from voltage divider varies with the intensity of IR light, and

microcontroller is not used in this project, a comparator (LM324) is used to

show the changes.

Features:-

• Internally Frequency Compensated for Unity Gain

• Large DC Voltage Gain: 100dB

• Wide Power Supply Range:

LM324: 3V~32V (or ±1.5 ~ 16V)

• Input Common Mode Voltage Range Includes Ground

• Large Output Voltage Swing: 0V to VCC -1.5V

• Power Drain Suitable for Battery Operation

XXI

Figure 2: LM324 PIN DIAGRAM

3. TEMPERATURE SENSOR

The LM35 series are precision integrated-circuit temperature sensors, whose output

voltage is linearly proportional to the Celsius (Centigrade) temperature. The LM35 thus

has an advantage over linear temperature sensors calibrated in˚ Kelvin, as the user is not

required to subtract a large constant voltage from its output to obtain convenient

Centigrade scaling. The LM35 does not require any external calibration or trimming to

provide typical accuracies of ± 1⁄4˚C at room temperature and ± 3⁄4˚C over a full −55 to

+150˚C temperature range. Low cost is assured by trimming and calibration at the wafer

level. The LM35’s low output impedance, linear output, and precise inherent calibration

make interfacing to readout or control circuitry especially easy. It can be used with single

XXII

power supplies, or with plus and minus supplies. As it draws only 60 µA from its supply,

it has very low self-heating, less than 0.1˚C in still air. The LM35 is rated to operate over

a −55˚ to +150˚C temperature range, while the LM35C is rated for a −40˚ to +110˚C

range (−10˚with improved accuracy).

Features:-

Calibrated directly in ˚ Celsius (Centigrade)

Linear + 10.0 mV/˚C scale factor

0.5˚C accuracy guarantee able (at +25˚C)

Rated for full −55˚ to +150˚C range

Suitable for remote applications

Low cost due to wafer-level trimming

Operates from 4 to 30 volts

Less than 60 µA current drain

Low self-heating, 0.08˚C in still air

Nonlinearity only ±1

4˚C typical

Low impedance output, 0.1 Ω for 1 mA load

Figure 3: LM35 (TEMPERATURE SENSOR)

4. INFRARED SENSOR

XXIII

The basic principle of IR sensor is based on an IR emitter and an IR receiver. IR emitter

will emit infrared continuously when power is supplied to it. On the other hand, the IR

receiver will be connected and perform the task of a voltage divider. IR receiver can be

imagined as a transistor with its base current determined by the intensity of IR light

received. The lower the intensity of IR light cause higher resistance between collector-

emitter terminals of transistor, and limiting current from collector to emitter. This change

of resistance will further change the voltage at the output of voltage divider. In others

word, the greater the intensity of IR light hitting IR receiver, the lower the resistance of

IR receiver and hence the output voltage of voltage divider will decreased. Usually the

IR emitter and IR receiver will be mounted side by side, pointing to a reflective surface.

The further distance away between emitter and receiver decrease the amount of infrared

light hitting the receiver if the distance between the sensor and a reflective surface is

fixed.

Features:-

Infrared Sensor Output: 4 to 20 mA

Accuracy: ±1% of reading or ±1°C whichever is greater

Repeatability: ±0.5% of reading or ±0.5°C whichever is greater

Emissivity: 0.2 to 1.0 via 4 to 20 mA input

Response Time t90: 240 mS (90% response)

Spectral Range: 8 to 14 µm

Supply Voltage: 24 Vdc (28 Vdc max)

Min Sensor Voltage: 6 Vdc

Max Loop Impedance: 900 Ω (4 to 20 mA output)

Input Impedance: 50 Ω Mechanical

Construction: Stainless Steel

Dimensions: 103 L x 18 mm D (4.05 x 0.71")

Thread Mounting: M16 x 1 mm pitch

Cable Length: 1 m (3.3') longer lengths available to order

Weight: 95 g (3.4 oz) with cable

Ambient Temperature Range: 0 to 70°C (32 to 158°F)

XXIV

Figure 4: IR SENSORS

5. GSM MODULE

Designed for global market, SIM300 is a Tri-band GSM/GPRS engine that works on

frequencies EGSM 900 MHz, DCS 1800 MHz and PCS1900 MHz. SIM300 provides

GPRS multi-slot class 10/ class 8 (optional) capability and support the GPRS coding

schemes CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS-4.

With a tiny configuration of 40mm x 33mm x 2.85 mm, SIM300 can fit almost all the

space requirement in your application, such as Smart phone, PDA phone and other

mobile device.

The physical interface to the mobile application is made through a 60 pins board-to-board

connector, which provides all hardware interfaces between the module and customers’

boards except the RF antenna interface.

The keypad and SPI LCD interface will give you the flexibility to develop

customized applications.

Two serial ports can help you easily develop your applications.

Two audio channels include two microphones inputs and two speaker

outputs. This can be easily configured by AT command.

XXV

Figure 5: GSM MODEM

Features:-

1. Support wide range of frequencies (from 850 MHZ to 1900 MHZ) for different

classification of GSM

2. Supports integration with RS232 cable (serial cable,25 pins).

3. Can be interfaced to system using USB cables.

4. Input voltage varies from 5v to 30v.

5. Very less weight in few grams.

6. Provided with SIM holder and antenna connector.

7. Programmable with AT commands.

XXVI

6. VOLTAGE REGULATOR

7805 is a voltage regulator integrated circuit. It is a member of 78xx series of fixed

linear voltage regulator ICs. The voltage source in a circuit may have fluctuations and

would not give the fixed voltage output. The voltage regulator IC maintains the output

voltage at a constant value. The xx in 78xx indicates the fixed output voltage it is

designed to provide. 7805 provides +5V regulated power supply. Capacitors of suitable

values can be connected at input and output pins depending upon the respective voltage

levels.

7. LIGHT EMITTING DIODE

A light-emitting diode (LED) is a semiconductor light source. LEDs are used as

indicator lamps in many devices, and are increasingly used for lighting. Introduced as a

practical electronic component in 1962, early LEDs emitted low-intensity red light, but

modern versions are available across the visible, ultraviolet and infrared wavelengths,

with very high brightness.

Color of the light (corresponding to the energy of the photon) is determined by the energy

gap of the semiconductor. An LED is often small in area (less than 1 mm2), and

integrated optical components may be used to shape its radiation pattern. LEDs present

many advantages over incandescent light sources including lower energy consumption,

longer lifetime, improved robustness, smaller size, faster switching, and greater durability

and reliability. LEDs powerful enough for room lighting are relatively expensive and

require more precise current and heat management than compact fluorescent lamp

sources of comparable output.

Figure 6: LED

XXVII

CHAPTER 4

DESIGN AND IMPLEMETATION

4.1) INTRODUCTION

The Microcontroller based system is continuously watching over the security issues of

your house, if any mishap condition occurs it will sense and send a message to your

mobile.

The system is composed of the microcontroller based wireless sensor network center

node with GSM module, data collecting node, device control node and mobile phone.

The wireless sensor network data collecting node module is connected with Infrared

Detector, Temperature Sensor.

When the IR finds that some people intrudes into the house or when the temperature

sensor detects too high indoor temperature , the data collecting node will send encoded

alarm signal to the wireless sensor network center node through the wireless sensor

network established in home. Once the Wireless sensor network center node receives

alarm signal, it will send alarm short message to the users through the GSM module and

GSM network immediately.

When the temperature sensor detects too high indoor temperature and at the same time,

the sensors will send encoded alarm signal to the home control centre through the

wireless sensor network established in home. Once the wireless control centre receives

alarm signal, it will send alarm short message to the users through the GSM module and

GSM network immediately.

XXVIII

4.2) FUNTIONAL DECOMPOSITION

Table 1: FUNCTIONAL DECOMPOSITION

If any one of following 3 cases:

intrusion through window

Wrong password entered thrice

temperature rises beyond limit

Then,

These output will

be fed to arduino.

Arduino, with help

of GSM modem and

a SIM card will

send a message

accordingly.

The owner of the

registered number

will receive a

message and then

She/he can rectify

the situation.

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IF PASSWORD IS ENTERED WRONG 3

TIMES

TEMPARATURE RISES BEYOND

LIMIT

IF INTRUSION

TROUGH WINDOW

ARDUINO GSM MODEM

USER

4.3) DIFFERENT DESIGN OPTIONS

Same project could have been designed with:

1) 8051

2) ARDUINO

We are using ATmega 328 to realize this project because:

Using an Arduino simplifies the amount of hardware and software development you need

to do in order to get a system running.

The Arduino hardware platform already has the power and reset circuitry setup as well as

circuitry to program and communicate with the microcontroller over USB. In addition,

the I/O pins of the microcontroller are typically already fed out to sockets/headers for

easy access (This may vary a bit with the specific model).

On the software side, Arduino provides a number of libraries to make programming the

microcontroller easier. More useful are things such as being able to set I/O pins to PWM

at a certain duty cycle using a single command or doing Serial communication.

The greatest advantage is having the hardware platform set up already, especially the fact

that it allows programming and serial communication over USB.

XXX

4.4) PROPOSED FLOW MODEL

Figure 7: PROPOSED FLOW MODEL

XXXI

4.5) CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

ATMEGA 328

Figure 8: CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

XXXII

0 TX 14

1 RX 15

2 16

3 17

4 18

5 19

6 20

7 21

8 22

9 23

10 24

11 25

12 26

13 27

KEYPAD

SENSOR MODULE

SENSOR MODULE

SENSOR MODULE

GSM Modem

SENSOR MODULE

POWER SUPPLY

TEMP. SENSOR (LM35)

DRIVER IC L293D

5V 0V 12V

DVD TRAY

LED

4.6) ASSEMBLY OF HARDWARE AND COMPONENTS

Built a wooden house with one window and door.

DVD tray is incorporated and works as door.

A keypad is designed and connected outside the door on the base and is

used to enter password.

The output of the keypad is given to the arduino which is then compared

with the actual password.

If the password entered is correct then the red led glows else the green led

glows.

If the password entered is incorrect thrice then a message is sent to the

authorized person.

The output of the temperature sensor is given to the arduino. If the

temperature rises beyond 55C then a message is sent the authorized person.

4 pairs of Transmitting end (led) and receiving end (photodiode) are

connected at the windows.

Outputs of the IR sensor are connected to the arduino through LM324.

If the output is 0 on all the 4 pins of arduino where the sensors are

connected then a message is sent to the authorized person.

With arduino, GSM modem is connected in which SIM card is inserted.

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4.7) FLOWCHART

5.

XXXIV

START

IF S(0), S(1)=0

IF TEMP>35

IF CORRECT P/W

P/W CHECKED

AGAIN

P/W CHECKED AGAIN

IFS(2), S(3)=0

MESSAGE SENT

WRONG PASSWORD ENTERED IN KEYPAD

DVD TRAY OPENS

END

END

END

CHAPTER 5

TESTING AND DEPLOYMENT

5.1) VERIFICATION

GSM MODEM

AT Command Set:

ATE0 – Echo off

ATE1 – Echo on

ATD – call to dial a number

Syntax: ATD 9885622502;

ATDL – redial last telephone number

ATA – answer an incoming call

ATH – Disconnect existing connection

AT+CMGD – to delete SMS

Syntax: AT+CMGD=1 -> deletes ‘1’ sms in sim card

AT+CMGR – to read SMS

Syntax: AT+CMGR=1 -> reads 1st sms in sim card

AT+CMGS – to send SMS

Syntax: AT+CMGS= 9885622502 press enter

Type text and press ctrl+z

We used the above mentioned command sets to verify the working of gsm

modem.

XXXV

IR SENSORS

IR Sensors would detect the intrusion if the person is entering window from outside to

inside only and not when, person going out from inside to outside.

For its verification, we inserted an object from outside the window to inside and a

message was received on the authorized number.

While the same object was made to pass through the window from inside, no message

was sent by arduino.

KEYPAD

We set the password to “1234”.

When we entered the correct password then DVD tray acting as door opened.

When we entered the wrong password for consecutively 3 times, a message was sent by

arduino.

5.2) VALIDATION

The various components used in designing of the model was verified with help of the

verification process we took out. These components include:

KEYPAD

IR Sensors

GSM Modem

ARDUINO (During the verification of Hexpad, IR sensors, GSM Modem)

LM324 (During the verification of IR Sensors)

DVD tray (During the Keypad verification)

XXXVI

CHAPTER 6

CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENTS

6.1) FUTURE SCOPE

The future implications of the project are very great considering the amount of time and

resources it saves.

The project we have undertaken can be used as a reference or as a base for realizing a

scheme to be implemented in other projects of greater level such as weather forecasting,

temperature updates, device synchronization, etc.

The project itself can be modified to achieve a complete Home security System which

will then create a platform for the user to interface between himself and his household.

6.2) CRITICAL APPRAISAL OF WORK DONE

Today, with advancement in science and technology, home automation has become one

of the fastest developing application-based technologies in the world. The idea of

comfortable living in home has since changed for the past decade as digital, vision and

wireless technologies are integrated into it. Intelligent homes, in simple terms, can be

described as homes that are fully automated in terms of carrying out a predetermined

task, providing feedback to the users, and responding accordingly to situations. In other

words, it simply allows many aspects of the home system such as temperature and

lighting control, network and communications, entertainment system, emergency

response and security monitoring systems to be automated and controlled, both near and

at a distance.

Automated security systems play an important role of providing an extra layer of security

through user authentication to prevent break-ins at entry points and also to track illegal

intrusions or unsolicited activities within the vicinity of the home (indoors and outdoors).

There has been much research done in the design of various types of automated security

systems. Sensor-based systems that rely on contact or movement sensors or contact-based

systems such as fingerprint and palm print scan or keypad activation that require

substantial amount of contact with an input device.

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Many security systems are based on only a single system. In an event of system failure or

intrusion of the user authentication, there is no backup system to monitor the home

continually. This shortcoming can be dealt with using multiple security systems (ormulti-

layered security systems). However, multi-system implementations will definitely be

more demanding in terms of computational cost and organization.

6.3) CONCLUSION

The project we have undertaken has helped us gain a better perspective on various

aspects related to our course of study as well as practical knowledge of electronic

equipment and communication. We became familiar with software analysis, designing,

implementation, testing and maintenance concerned with our project.

The extensive capabilities of this system are what make it so interesting. From the

convenience of a simple cell phone, a user is able to control and monitor virtually any

electrical devices. This makes it possible for users to rest assured that their belongings are

secure and that the television and other electrical appliances was not left running when

they left the house to just list a few of the many uses of this system.

The end product will have a simplistic design making it easy for users to interact with.

This will be essential because of the wide range of technical knowledge that homeowners

have.

XXXVIII

REFERENCES:

www.arduino.cc

www.wikipedia.com

www.youtube.com

www.instructables.com

www.seminarprojects.com

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