a preliminary survey of ethno-medicinal plants used by the

Arabian Journal of Medicinal & Aromatic Plants ethno-medicinal plants used by community of Bangladesh

AJMAP V5N2, 2019 1

A preliminary survey of ethno-medicinal plants used by the Chakma

community of Rangamati and Khagrachari Hill District, Bangladesh

Asim Kumar Paul*, Md. Jahangir Alam and A.H.M.Jahangir Alam

Forest Botany Division, Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, P.O. Box 273, Chittagong- 4000, Bangladesh

Preliminary survey work was done in Rangamati and Khagracharihill district in the Chakma

community. The study was carried out on medicinal plants used by the Chakma community.

Chakma people are mostly residing in the deep forest and depend on their own traditional health

care system. Information was collected by interviewing traditional herbal healers (locally called

Baddhya) and various elderly men and women. All the plants were listed along with their

scientific name, family, chakma name, habit, used parts and mode of preparation. A total of 125

plant species under 46 families have been identified which are used to treat different diseases by

the traditional herbal healers. Fabaceae, Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae are the most frequently

used family to the number of species used by the Chakma Community. Mostly leaves are used for

the preparation of folk medicine.

Key words: Chakma community, Ethno-medicinal plants, Herbal healer, Khagrachari, Rangamati

1. Introduction

Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) comprises of Rangamati, Khagrachari and Bandarban districts. It

is located in the southeastern part of Bangladesh. The area of the CHT is about 13,184 km2,

which is around one-tenth of the total area of Bangladesh. Rangamati and Khagrachari is a key

district of CHT and comprises various floral species diversity (including medicinal plants) in

Bangladesh. CHT is the home of thirteen tribal groups. Most of the populations of those areas

are tribal, dominated by Chakma and Marma. Chakma tribe is the largest and most dominant

one. The total population of Chakma is about 253,000 of which more than 90 percent live in

Rangamati and Khagrachari districts(Tripura, 1994). People of different areas of the world have

been using medicinal plants for the remedy of numerous diseases for thousands of years

(Sofowora, 1982; Hill,1989). It has been estimated that about 64% of the total global population

still remain dependent on traditional medicine for their healthcare (Cotton, 1996). From the

ancient period, man has been using plants as a main source of medicine (Iqubal, 1993; Walter,

2001; Rao&Arora, 2004). It has also been observed that a number of modern medicine has been

derived from plants used by the indigenous people (Balic and Cox, 1996). According to the

*Corresponding author: Asim Kumar Paul, Email: [email protected]


AJMAP V5N2, 2019 2

World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that about 65-80% population of the world is

dependent on traditional medicine for their primary healthcare (Chopra et al., 1956 and Sharma

et al., 2010).

The distinct geographical location and climatic condition of Rangamati and Khagrachari make it

an ideal source of a rich biodiversity including medicinal plants. According to Kadir (1990) and

Yusuf et al. (1994), about 5000 plant species are found in Bangladesh, of which 1000 have

medicinal value. Ethnic people have deep faith in the traditional herbal system of medicine for

cures diseases (Bhattacharjee and Nair, 1978).

The use of medicinal plants as a herbal remedy is a part of traditional heritage in many rural

areas of Bangladesh, especially among forest inhabitants. Chakma tribe has its own traditional

system of herbal treatment. For the treatment of different diseases, they still depend on local

medicinal plants. Nature has provided a complete storehouse of remedies for physical treatment.

Ethno-botany, the interaction between plants and people involves traditional use of medicinal

plants by indigenous communities. The indigenous knowledge about the use of medicinal plants

is on sharp declining due to development of good communication, modern medicines have

reached there and lack of awareness, forest encroachment and no interest of younger

generations. This knowledge is now only limited to senior people who are living near by the

forest areas. It is alarming that indigenous knowledge and practices are gradually disappearing in

the near future. The objective of the study was to conduct an ethno-medicinal survey among

tribal herbal healers from the Chakma tribes of Rangamati and Khagrachari district in the

Chittagong Hill Tracts region of Bangladesh.

2. Material and Methods:

The study was conducted covering the major area of Rangamati and Khagrachari districts as

shown in (Figure-1).


AJMAP V5N2, 2019 3

[[[[

Figure 1. Map of Bangladesh showing the location of study area.

A number of visits (20, each visit lasted 1 to 2 days) were made in Rangamati and Khagrachari

districts. Information was collected from the study area in different seasons to get real data on

the medicinal plants. The information on the medicinal plants was gathered through

questionnaire method and discussion with local Chakma herbal healer locally called, Baddhya

and elderly persons in the community. All the information mentioned is based on firsthand

information on medicinal plants. The medicinal plant species were collected from wild and also

from the homestead gardens. Local names of each medicinal plant with plant part(s) used, mode

of preparation and the names of diseases were recorded. Plant specimens were collected with

flowers and fruits. Plant specimens were properly pressed, dried and mounted on herbarium

sheets using standard herbarium techniques (Alexiades,1996). The specimens were identified

consulting with the experts, by comparing herbarium specimens and available literatures

(Ahmed et al., 2009; Ghani, 1998; Pasha and Uddin, 2013; Hooker, 1872-1897; Prain, 1903;

Khagrachari District

Rangamati District Map of Bangladesh


AJMAP V5N2, 2019 4

Heining, 1925; Hasan, 1988). All the collected Plants are arranged alphabetically by their

scientific and family name followed by tribal names, habit, part used and mode of preparation.

The voucher specimens are stored at Bangladesh Forest Research Institute, herbarium,

Chittagong for future reference.

3. Results and Discussion:

In the present survey, a total of 125 plant species belonging to 46 families were recorded. For

each species scientific name, family name, Chakma names, habit, parts use and mode of

preparation were provided in (Table 1). Plants are used to relief from different disease by the

Chakma herbal healer locally called Baddhya. The tribal people depend mainly on plants for

food, clothing, medicine, oil, agricultural implements and for other requirements. From earlier

times people made use of plants for their basic needs and livelihood. Some plants used by people

are cultivated while others grow in wild conditions. The Fabaceae family contributed the highest

number of plant species (17), followed by Rubiaceae (8), Euphorbiaceae (7), Asteraceae (6),

Amaranthaceae, Myrsinaceae,Verbenaceae, Combretaceae each are (5), Sapindaceae, Vitaceae,

Lamiaceae, Moraceae each are (4), Acanthaceae, Araceae, Lauraceae, Lamiaceae, Apocynaceae,

Dioscoreaceae and Menispermaceae each are (3), Zingiberaceae, Commelinaceae, Solanaceae,

Leeaceae, Bignoniaceae, Malvaceae each are (2), Convolvulaceae, Pteridaceae,

Aristolochiaceae, Nyctaginaceae, Bombacaceae, Crassulaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Hypoxidaceae,

Meliaceae, Cuscutaceae, Rutaceae, Araliaceae, Oleaceae, Lythraceae, Tiliaceae, Oxalidaceae,

Urticaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Smilaceae, Sterculiaceae, Rhamnaceae each are (1) family (Figure

2).


AJMAP V5N2, 2019 5

0 5 10 15 20

Fabaceae

Euphorbiaceae

Amaranthaceae

Verbenaceae

Sapindaceae

Lamiaceae

Araceae

Apocynaceae

Menispermaceae

Commelinaceae

Leeaceae

Malvaceae

Pteridaceae

Nyctaginaceae

Crassulaceae

Hypoxidaceae

Rutaceae

Oleaceae

Tiliaceae

Urticaceae

Smilaceae

Rhamnaceae

17 8

7 6

5 5 5 5

4 4 4 4

3 3 3 3 3

2 2 2 2 2 2

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Number of family

Out of these plant species have been used by the chakma community of Rangamati and

Khagrachari are 27% herbs, 30% shrubs, 26% trees and 17% climbers respectively (Figure 3).

Figure 2: Families of the ethno-medicinal plants with their frequencies


AJMAP V5N2, 2019 6

Different types of plant parts were used included whole plants, leaves, roots, barks, stems,

flower, seeds, fruits, and rhizomes for various ailments. The majority consumed plant parts for

the preparation of traditional medicine is leaf which is 64.80%, then root 23%, bark 12%, stem

10.40%, whole plant 5.60%, rhizome 2.40%, dry fruit 1.60%, flower 1.60%, seed 1.60% and

petiole 0.80% (Figure 4).

The different ailments such as Rheumatism, Skin disease, Boils, Jaundice, Urinary problem were

found to be 14.40%,10.40%, 8.80% and 7.20% plant species used respectively. Whereas

Paralysis and Abdominal pain each are use 6.40%, Bone fracture and diarrhoea each are uses

5.60%, Hysteria, Dysentery, Fever, Gastric, Physical weakness, Toothache each are use 4%,

Body ache and Dental caries are use 3.20%, Leucorrhoea use only 2.40%, Chest pain, Child

fever, Constipation, Cough, Cuts and wounds, Headache, Goiter, Pregnancy problem, Mumps,

Snakebite, tetanus and tonsillitis each one was found to be 1.60% plant species used respectively

and Tuberculosis, Stone in kidney, Polio, Partial deafness, Eye infection and Chicken poxeach

one was found to be 0.80% plant species used respectively. The most common methods of folk-

Figure 3 : Percentage of plant habit used by the Chakma community

Figure 4: Percentage of various plant parts used for the preparation of medicine by Chakma community


AJMAP V5N2, 2019 7

medicine are juice, decoction, extract, paste, tablets, etc. Both external and internal methods of

practice of folk-medicine have been recommended. The internal use of folk-medicine is 64.80%

whereas the external use is 51.20%. Maximum preparations of herbal medicine are in a complex

mixture of preservatives such as water, honey, salt and some other plant parts. The time of

taking, dose and duration of practice of these folk-medicines are varied from traditional healers

to healers and on the basis of disease. The study showed that root, rhizome and the whole plant

have been used in the formulation of folk medicine is 31% for the cure of diseases (Figure 5).

These are the unfriendly and destructive way of using plants because it needs to eradicate or

abolish the whole plant. Moreover, the aerial parts of the plant (leaf, stem, bark, flower, fruit,

and seed) can be used without eliminating the plant. For this, it is an outstanding way to

conserve them. Recently, they are losing their valuable tradition of plant use indigenous

knowledge because of, industrialization and urbanization. At present, younger generation lost the

interest to continue their parental tradition because it does not provide them proper financial

support for their livelihood (Uddin, 2010). If these situations continue; their traditional plant use

knowledge will be loose rapidly. Now, it is a burning necessity to document their ethno-

medicinal use information to protect them from disappearing. This information can be the source

and help the modern researchers in the discovery of new drugs (Uddin et al. 2013). Modern

knowledge in biotechnology can use these biological assets of the ethnic people and their

knowledge for socio economic gains for better health and nutrition and for sustainable

development of human society.

Figure 5: Destructive and non-destructive plant use as medicinal perspective


AJMAP V5N2, 2019 8

4. Conclusion

The present survey reveals that traditional ethnobotanical practices still play a very important

role in Rangamati and Khagrachari district. Ethnobotanical practices not only play an important

role in primary health care but also play a vital role in the conservation of phyto-diversity and

cultural diversity. It can be concluded that the traditional herbal healer had a good sound of

knowledge on the medicinal properties of various plants to use for healing purposes. The

increasing demand of medicinal flora has resulted in the rapid declining of these natural

resources. In modern days, our present generations are losing their previous glorious heritage of

plant use knowledge because of urbanization, lack of practicing and degradation of forests. It is

necessary to conserve the threatened medicinal plants from extinction and to document the

plant’s information before disappearing. There is an urgent need for systematic conservation and

sustainable production of medicinal plants involving local communities, researchers and

departmental field group with stronger linkage for co-operative work to meet future demand on a

sustained method.

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Bhattacharjee S, Nair A R (1978).Some folklore medicines from Assam and Meghalaya. Int. J

Crude Drug Res.,16:185.

Chopra R N, Nayar SL, Chopra IC (1956).Glossary of Indian Medicinal Plants, CSIR, New

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New York, p. 399.

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Hasan MA (1988).Traditional Herbal Medicine of Bangladesh (in Bengali), Hassan Book House,

Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Heining J D (1925). List of Plants of Chittagong Collectorate and Hill tracts. Darjeeling, India.

Hill A F (1989). Economic Botany: a Text Book of Useful Plants and Plant Products. 2 Ed.,

McGraw Hill and Book Company, Inc., New York, p. 560.

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Rakhaing Indigenous Community of Cox’s Bazar District of Bangladesh. Journal of

Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry; 2(4):164-174.

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Arabian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

www.ajmap.inf ISSN 2458-5920

http://www.ajmap.inf/


AJMAP V5N2, 2019 11

Table: Plant species used by the Chakma community of Rangamati and Khagrachari district for traditional health care.

No. Scientific name with family Local name Habit Parts use Mode of Preparation

1. Achyranthes aspera L.

(Amaranthaceae)

Uvo-langra Shrub Leaves,

Young stem

To treat body ache, warm fresh leaves and stem

paste applied to the affected area.

2. Acorus calamus L.

(Araceae)

Bospada Herb Root To treat gastric and female problem, root extract is

taken orally twice daily for seven days.

3. Actinodaphne angustifolia Nees

in Wall.

(Lauraceae)

Sigirasig Small

tree

Leaves, Root To treat paralysis, leaves boiled in water and this hot

water vapor is applied to the affected areas. At the

same time pills prepared from the fresh root paste is

taken orally in the morning and evening daily for

one month.

4. Ageratum conyzoides L.

( Asteraceae)

Moonimujja gach Herb Leaves To treat rheumatism and paralysis, fresh leaves

paste mixed with warm water is given twice daily to

the affected area for rapid relief.

5. Aglaonema hookerianum Schott

(Araceae)

Sikkachalal Herb Root For conjunctivitis and constipation, root infusion is

taken orally.

6. Allophyllus cobbe (L.)

Raecuschel var. villosus (Roxb.)

Prain

(Sapindaceae)

Then brama Shrub Bark For the treatment of partial deafness, bark extract is

given as eardrop.

7. Allophyllus cobbe (L.) Raeuschel

var. serratus (Roxb.) prain

(Sapindaceae)

Jendrama Shrub Leaves To treat goiter, paste of fresh leaves is applied to the

affected area; to treat scabies, infusion of leaves is

used for washing the infected part daily twice for at

least three days.

8. Alocasia macrorrhixos (L.) G.

Don

(Araceae )

Man-kuchu Herb Leaves To treat rheumatism, leaf paste is applied to the

affected area.

9. Alpinia conchigera Griff.

(Zingiberaceae)

Khetranga Herb Rhizome To treat dysentery and abdominal pain, rhizome

juice extract is taken orally twice daily.

10. Alpinia nigra (Gaertn.) Burtt. Bhulchengi, Herb Rhizome To treat fungal/bacterial infections on pennies,


AJMAP V5N2, 2019 12

(Zingiberaceae)

khetranga,

Faittaalu

rhizome paste applied on the affected areas for two

or four days. Root extract is taken thrice daily to

treat jaundice; for gastric ulcers, decoction of root is

taken twice daily.

11. Alstonia scholaris (L.) R.Br.

(Apocynaceae)

Jarbosesna Tree Leaves To treat rheumatism, leaf paste is warmed and

applied to the affected area.

12. Amaranthus spinous L.

(Amaranthaceae)

Kanta marich,

Hadamarej

Herb Root

Juice prepared from root is taken to

treat Pregnancy problem.

13. Amaranthus viridis L.

(Amaranthaceae)

Bhul-maresh Herb Leaves To treat fever, leaf extract juice is taken orally twice

daily for five days.

14. Amischotolype mollissima (Bl.)

Hassk.

(Commelinaceae)

Pitting gul gach,

Baro annul ludi

Herb Leaves To treat malarial fever, paste of fresh leaves mixed

with onion extract is taken thrice a day.

15. Anisomeles indica (L.) O.Kuntze

(Lamiaceae)

Jangliharinchi,

Horinshing,Jharbo

-horin sing

Herb Leaves To treat child fever, leaf extract is given thrice daily.

16. Ardisia paniculata Roxb.

(Myrsinaceae)

Sigrishik Shrub Root To treat madness, extract of roots is given to drink

three times a day.

17. Ardisia solanacea (Poir.) Roxb.

(Myrsinaceae)

Barochulliya Shrub Leaves To treat boils, paste of fresh leaves is applied to the

affected areas.

18. Argyreia nervosa (Burm. f.)

Bojer.

(Convolvulaceae)

Buthturing Climber Leaves, Bark Body ache, tablets prepared from leaves and taken

orally thrice daily before meals for 1 month.

19. Aristolochia tagala Cham.

(Aristolochiaceae)

Horinkan shak Climber Leaves,

Stem, Root

To relief abdominal pain, infusion of stems and

roots mixed with warm water is given several times

for rapid relief. To relief rheumatic pain, fresh leaf

paste is applied to the affected areas.

20. Azadirachta indica A. Juss.

(Meliaceae)

Neemgach Tree Leaves, Stem Leaf used to treat skin disease and stem used for

toothache

21. Boerhaavia diffusa L.

(Nyctaginaceae)

Punonama shak Herb Leaves Edema, inflammation. Tablets prepared from

crushed leaves and sugars are taken orally thrice


AJMAP V5N2, 2019 13

daily for 1 month.

22. Bombax insigne Wall.

(Bombacaceae)

Simain gach Tree Young root To treat poisonous boils, young root paste is applied

to the affected area. To treat sexual weakness,

young root is taken orally once daily for two weeks.

23. Bridelia retusa (L.) A. Juss.

(Euphorbiaceae)

Shukujja gach Small

tree

Leaves To treat skin infections, leaf paste is applied to

affected areas.

24. Bridelia stipularis (L.) Blume.

(Euphorbiaceae)

Bangari bhanga

gach

Shrub Leaves To treat allergies, leaf extract is given to drink.

25. Bryophyllum pinnatum (Lam.)

Oken

(Crassulaceae)

Pathorkuchi,

Sidri-bai-shak

Herb Leaves Stone in kidney, urethra, and urinary bladder. Pills

made from leaves are taken orally on an empty

stomach thrice daily for 1 month.

26. Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb.

(Fabaceae)

Kumujja ludi Climber Young leaves To treat skin infections, young leaf paste prepared is

applied to affected areas.

27. Caesalpinia enneaphyllum

Roxb. (Fabaceae)

Kuchai, Thaicha

ludi

Climber Leaves Fresh leaves juice taken orally twice daily until cure

for paralysis.

28. Callicarpa arborea Roxb.

(Verbenaceae)

Jang gach, Banitak Tree Stem, Root,

Bark, Leaves

Stem extract is given to drink frequently to treat

diarrhoea; to treat bone fracture, paste of root, bark

and leaf is applied on affected areas.

29. Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl.

(Verbenaceae)

Dubhoza Shrub Bark Bark extract is taken orally to treat fever.

30. Calotropis gigantean (L.) R. Br.

(Asclepiadaceae)

Angarpata Shrub Leaves To treat rheumatism, leaves are warmed and applied

to affected areas.

31. Calycopteris floribunda (Roxb.)

Lamk.

(Combretaceae)

Murmuchia ludi Climber Whole plant To treat jaundice, juice extracted from the fresh

whole plants is taken orally twice daily f or two

week. Also whole plants eat fried as vegetables.

32. Cardiospermum halicacabum L.

(Sapindaceae)

Ketha boitta shak Herb Root To treat mumps, fresh root extract is given to drink

twice daily. To treat chicken pox, hot water extract

of whole plant is given to drink 2-3 times daily and

to treat coma, plant infusion is taken orally.

33. Cayratia pedata (Lam.) Juss. ex

Gagnep.

(Vitaceae)

Goulai ludi Climber Root To treat abdominal tumour, root extract is given to

drink 2-3 times daily.


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34. Celosia argentea L.

(Amaranthaceae)

Ranga chuma Herb Leaves To treat cancer, leaf extract is given to drink 2-3

times a day.

35. Celosia cristata L.

(Amaranthaceae)

Kromopai, Rada

sumophul

Herb Stem,

Leaves,

Flower, Root

Leucorrhea. Juice obtained from crushed branch is

taken orally (½ thrice a day till cure).

Menstrual irregularity, uterus enlargement. Crushed

leaf, root and flower paste is used to prepare pills,

which are taken orally thrice daily for 1 month on an

empty stomach.

36. Chromolaena odorata (L.) King

& Robinson

(Asteraceae)

Assam lata

Muguja

Herb Leaves

To stop bleeding from external cuts and wounds,

leaf paste is applied on the affected area.

37. Cissus adnata Roxb.

(Vitaceae)

Anan lodi Climber

Leaves

Fresh leaves boiled in water and half cup of

decoction is taken twice daily mixed with honey

after meal till cure for mouth infections

38. Cissus assamica (Lawson)

Craib.

(Vitaceae)

Mormujja amila Climber Leaves To treat paralysis and bone fracture, fresh leaves

paste applied to the affected area.

39. Clerodendrum viscosum Vent.

(Verbenaceae)

Bake pata, Beg-

gach

Shrub Leaves, Root Leaves are warmed and applied to affected areas

twice daily for rheumatism and to treat bone

fracture, crushed root are applied to affected area.

To treat dental caries, root paste is applied to

affected teeth and abdominal pain, root extract is

given to drink frequently.

40. Combretum sp.

(Combretaceae)

Habamel lodi Climber Leaves To treat toothache, leaves are boiled in water and

the boiled water is used for gargling 2-3 times daily

until cure.

41. Commelina paludosa Blume

(Commelinaceae)

Bat boitta shak Herb Leaves Leaf extract is taken orally 2-3 times a day to treat

dysentery.

42. Crotalaria pallida Ait.

(Fabaceae)

Kudug jhunjhuni Herb Seed Seeds are taken with ripe bananas at least twice

daily to treat rheumatism.

43. Crotalaria verrucosa L. Kuduk, juhunjhuni Herb Leaves To treat skin allergies, leaf extract is applied to the


AJMAP V5N2, 2019 15

(Fabaceae)

affected areas.

44. Curculigo orchiodes Gaertn.

(Hypoxidaceae)

Milnipata Herb Petiole To treat snakebite, petiole paste is taken orally.

45. Cuscuta reflexa (Roxb.)

(Cuscutaceae)

Taru lata Herb Whole plant,

Stem

To treat eczema, plant paste is applied to affected

areas until recovery. To treat jaundice, stems are

used to make pills. Pills are taken on an empty

stomach thrice daily for 1-2 days.

46. Datura metel L.

(Solanaceae)

Haladuduru Shrub Leaves To treat rheumatism, leaf paste applied to the

affected area.

47. Derris robusta (Roxb. ex DC.)

Benth.

(Fabaceae)

Dumurjja Tree Leaves Fresh leaf paste is applied externally to affected

limbs to treat wounded limbs.

48. Desmodium triquertrum (L.)

DC.

(Fabaceae)

Juri manda kher,

Lori-mata-Khar

Shrub Leaves, Root To treat hysteria, root extract is taken orally thrice

daily. To treat bone fracture, leaves and add with

turmeric are combined and paste prepared. Prepared

paste is applied to the affected areas and bandage

with a piece of cloth for seven days

49. Desmodium gangeticum (L.)

DC.

(Fabaceae)

Hizinghaba pata Shrub Leaves Paste of leaves is applied to affected areas to treat

tumours.

50. Desmodium motorium (Houtt.)

Merr.

(Fabaceae)

Turki madon Shrub Leaves To treat rheumatism, paste prepared from fresh

leaves and applied to affected areas.

51. Dioscorea belophylla (Prain)

Vogt ex Haines

(Dioscoreaceae)

Muumujja amiala Climber Leaves To treat jaundice and mumps, fresh leaf juice is

given to drink in hot water is taken twice daily.

52. Dioscorea bulbifera L.

(Dioscoreaceae)

Rata Alu, Fadalful Climber Leaves To treat around the naval pain, fresh leaves paste

applied to the affected area.

53. Dioscorea pentaphylla L.

(Dioscoreacea)

Bhutta ludi

Climber Leaves To treat rheumatism, leaf paste mixed with mustard

oil is rubbed on the affected parts.


AJMAP V5N2, 2019 16

54.

Eclipta alba L. Hassk

(Asteraceae)

Kala shona Herb Leaves To treat boils, fresh leaf paste is applied on boils.

55. Embeila ribes Burm. f.

(Myrsinaceae)

Long dhama shak Shrub Leaves Leaf infusion is taken twice daily to treat jaundice.

56. Euphorbia hirta L.

(Euphorbiaceae)

Dutta ludi Herb Whole plant,

Root

For lactation, after childbirth, root extract is taken

twice daily and cooked leaves are eaten. Pills

prepared from whole plant are given twice daily.

57. Ficus heterophylla L. f.

(Moraceae)

Jogna gach Tree Leaves To treat rheumatism, leaf paste is applied externally

to affected areas for several days.

58. Ficus hirta Vahl.

(Moraceae)

Teng bhang gach Tree Root To treat snakebite, root paste is applied to wounds.

59. Ficus racemosa L.

(Moraceae)

Norpudi tida Tree Root To treat tonsillitis, root is given to chew.

60. Flemingia macrophylla (Willd.)

O. Kuntze ex Merr.

(Fabaceae)

Bara salphan, Aj-

gach

Shrub Leaves To treat bone fracture, leaves paste is applied to

affected parts.

61. Flemingia stricta Roxb.

(Fabaceae)

Uskura, Khaskura Shrub Stem, Leaves To treat polio, stem extract is taken thrice daily, and

leaf paste is applied to affected areas.

62. Flemingia strobilifera (L.) R. Br.

in Ait.

(Fabaceae)

Harsanga Shrub Root, Leaves To treat tetanus, root extract is taken and leaf paste

is applied to whole body.

63. Gardenia coronaria Buch.-

Ham.

(Rubiaceae)

Konnari, Reshful-

gach

Tree Leaves To treat stomach ache, two tea spoonful fresh leaves

juice is given orally with sugar or honey daily for 3-

4 days.

64. Gardenia latifolia Aiton

(Rubiaceae)

Borsudma Tree Bark To treat caries, stem bark crushed and boiled in

water is applied to affected areas.

65. Glycosmim pentaphylla (Retz.)

A. DC.

(Rutaceae)

Shamlokchari

gach

Shrub Leaves To treat boils, chest pain and jaundice, leaves pasted

is applied on boils and leaves juice is taken orally

twice daily for 10 days to treat chest pain and

jaundice.

66. Grewia nervosa (Lour.) Panigr Pichila gach Tree Leaves To treat boils and bone fracture, leaves paste is


AJMAP V5N2, 2019 17

(Tiliaceae) applied on affected area.

67.

Holarrhena antidysenterica (L.)

Wall. ex Decne.

(Apocynaceae)

Kurukgaas Tree Bark To treat jaundice, bark juice is given to drink twice

daily.

68. Hyptis suaveolens (L.) Poit.

(Lamiaceae)

Jangulijangol,

chongadana

Shrub

Seed To treat physical weakness, seeds are soaked in

water overnight. One glass of the water is taken

once daily an empty stomach in the morning for 15

days.

69. Ichnocarpus frutescens R. Br.

(Apocynaceae)

Borduttya, Dutta

ludi

Climber Whole plant To treat bone fracture, whole plant paste is applied

to affected parts.

70. Ixora balakrishnanii Deb and

Rout

(Rubiaceae)

Bhantihara phul Shrub Leaves To treat abdominal pain, leaf extract of the plants is

given to drink frequently.

71. Ixora nigricans Wight & Arn.

(Rubiaceae)

Dikranga Chuillya Shrub Root, Leaves To treat diarrhoea, root extract is given to drink

frequently; to treat paralysis, leaf paste of these

plants is rubbed onto the affected areas 2-3 times a

day.

72. Jasminum scandens Vahl.

(Oleaceae)

Monriccha ludi Shrub Whole plant To treat typhoid fever, extract of whole plant juice is

given to drink.

73. Justicia adhatoda L.

(Acanthaceae)

Basak pada Shrub Leaves Leaf extract use to treat Cough.

74. Justicia japonica Thunb.

(Acanthaceae)

Bashoke pata,

Gasraja

Herb Leaves To treat chest pain, paste of leaves mixed with

butter is rubbed on to the affected area; to treat

rheumatism, fresh leaf paste is applied to affected

area.

75. Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.)

Pers.

(Lythraceae)

Jarul Tree Leaves Labor pain and related conditions. Crushed leaves

are used to prepare tablets, which are taken orally

with warm water twice daily for 2 days.

76. Launaea sarmentosa (Willd.)

Sch.-BipexO. Kuntze

(Asteraceae)

Bhoshmula Herb Root To treat urinary problems, root extract mixed with

sugar is given to drink in empty stomach.

77. Leea indica Merr.

(Leeaceae)

Hotigach,Ranga-

jat-hasa-kura-gach

Shrub Leaves, Root To treat painful joints, warm leaf paste is applied to

affected area. To treat rheumatism, root or leaves

extract is taken orally 2-3 time a day untill cure.


AJMAP V5N2, 2019 18

78. Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex

Horn.

(Leeaceae)

Ash gaas Shrub Leaves To treat tonsillitis, leaf extract mixed with warm

water is used to gargle and drink.

79. Lepisanthes senegalensis (Poir.)

Leenh.

(Sapindaceae)

Gach-challa Shrub Root, Bark To treat dysentery, root and bark boiled in water, ½

cup of juice taken orally thrice daily for five days.

80. Leucas aspera (Willd.) Link.

(Lamiaceae)

Gussyadangor Herb Root To treat child fever, one spoonful of fresh root

extract is taken orally twice daily for one week.

81. Litsea glutinosa (Lour.)

Robinson.

(Lauraceae)

Madonmohan,

monermaton

gach

Small

tree

Bark To treat joint rheumatism, warm bark paste is

applied to the affected areas.

82. Litsea lancifolia (Roxb. ex Ness)

Hook. f.

(Lauraceae)

Ludijaylla Tree Root Root extract juice is taken frequently to treat

diarrhoea.

83. Macaranga peltata (Roxb.)

Muell.-Arg.

(Euphorbiaceae)

Nainnabichi gach Tree Bark To treat boils, warm bark paste is applied to the

affected area.

84. Maesa ramentacea (Roxb.) A.

DC.

(Myrsinaceae)

Laipra Tree Leaves To treat diarrhoea, leaf juice is given to drink,

especially children.

85. Maesa ramentacea (Roxb.)

A.DC.

(Myrsinaceae)

Leddushibang,

Muruli

Tree Leaves To treat diarrhoea, leaf extract is given to drink

frequently. To treat boils, leaf paste is applied to

affected area.

86. Mallotus philippensis (Lam.)

Muell.-Arg.

(Euphorbiaceae)

Salaksara gach Tree Leaves To treat paralysis, leaves paste is applied on affected

area until cure.

87. Mikania cordata (Burm. f.)

Robinson

(Asteraceae)

Asham ludi Climber Leaves To treat cuts and wounds, leaf paste is applied on

the affected area.

88. Mimosa diplotricha C. Wright

ex Sauv.

(Fabaceae)

Shada lajurikhe Herb Root To treat boils, root paste is applied to the affected

area.

89. Mimosa pudica L. Lajuri Herb Bark To treat male sexual weakness, half cup of bark


AJMAP V5N2, 2019 19

(Fabaceae) juice is taken orally twice daily for two weeks.

90. Morinda angustifolia Roxb.

(Rubiaceae)

Koba bena Shrub Stem, Root Extract of stems and roots is taken twice daily to

treat urinary problems.

91. Neonauclea sessilifolia (Roxb.)

Merr. (Rubiaceae)

Kom gach Tree Leaves To treat skin infections, fresh leaf paste is applied to

the affected area.

92. Ocimum tenuiflorum L.

(Lamiaceae)

Khalatulsi Herb Leaves To treat cough and fever, leaf juice is taken thrice

daily.

93. Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz

(Bignoniaceae)

Taita, Khona Small

tree

Bark To treat jaundice and dysentery, decoction of bark

add with sugar is given to drink three times daily

94. Oxalis corniculata L.

(Oxalidaceae)

Amilani Herb Root For infant sickness, root extract is given to drink.

95. Paederia foetida L.

(Rubiaceae)

Padba lodi Climber Leaves To treat rheumatism, leaves are boiled in water and

one tea spoonful of the decoction is taken orally

with sugar or salt twice daily until cure

96. Phyllanthus reticulatus Poir.

(Euphorbiaceae)

Kamboli lodi pata Shrub Whole plant To treat caries, plant extract is applied to teeth

several times.

97. Premna esculenta Roxb.

(Verbenaceae)

Lelom pada Shrub Bark, Leaves To treat fungal/bacterial infections, leaf paste is

applied to affected area. To treat paralysis and child

boils, fresh leaves extract applied to the affected

area. To treat body ache, leaves boiled in water and

½ cup of decoction is taken orally twice daily for

three days and bark paste is applied to the affected

area

98. Pteris vitata L.

(Pteridaceae)

Boiddonath,

Dhekishak

Herb Stem For the treatment of coughs and bronchitis, stem

infusion is given frequently.

99. Ricinus communis L.

(Euphorbiaceae)

Te-udol, Lalb

herol

Shrub Leaves Sexual disorders in men, pills prepared from the

leaves are taken twice daily before meal for 1

month.

100. Saraca asoca (Roxb.) de wild.

(Fabaceae)

Rangam mogma Tree Bark, Leaves To treat diarrhoea, bark extract is taken with sugar

frequently; to treat rheumatism, leaf paste is applied

to affected area.


AJMAP V5N2, 2019 20

101. Sarcochlamys pulcherrima

Gaud.

(Urticaceae)

Jangaillya shak Shrub Leaves To treat boils, leaf paste is applied to the affected

area. To stop itching of eyes, fresh leaf extract is

applied as eye drop.

102. Schefflera bengalensis Gamble.

(Araliaceae)

Jharobbo hogoeya Tree Stem, Leaves To treat diarrhoea, stem and leaf extract is taken

orally.

103. Scoparia dulcis L.

(Scrophulariaceae)

Bon-dhone, Gazia-

pata-kher

Herb Whole plants Fresh whole plant extract is taken 2-3 times a day to

treat stomach pain.

104. Senna alata (L.) Roxb.

(Fabaceae)

Delong pata Shrub Leaves To treat eczema, leaf paste is applied to affected

areas.

105. Senna sophera (L.) Roxb.

(Fabaceae)

Ichi-bichi gach

Shrub Leaves To treat body inflammation, leaves juice is taken 2

times a day for 3 days.

106. Sida acuta Burm. f.

(Malvaceae)

Belbeli–Khar

Shrub Leaves To treat large boils, leaves paste is applied to

affected area twice or thrice daily for three days.

107. Sida cordifolia L.

(Malvaceae)

Khangra

gilukonak

Shrub Leaves Enlargement of uterus. Smashed leaf is used to

make tablet, which is taken orally thrice daily for 1

month.

108. Smilax macrophylla Roxb.

(Smilacaceae)

Kumarilata,

Kuma-cha-lodi

Climber Root To treat urinary problems, root extract is given to

drink 2-3 times a day for one week.

109. Solanum torvum Swartz

(Solanace)

Tidabagol gach Shrub Leaves Leaves juice is taken orally to treat fever and

gastric.

110. Spermacoce stricta L. f.

(Rubiaceae)

Mijlick kher Herb Leaves To treat bone fracture, crushed plants are applied to

affected areas and to treat scabies, leaf paste is

applied to affected areas.

111. Spilanthes calva DC.

(Asteraceae)

Ozondia shak Herb Flower,

Leaves

For toothache, leaf extract is taken orally, flowers

are chewed and kept in touch of teeth for a while to

get relief.

112. Stephania japonica (Thunb)

Miers.

(Menispermaceae)

Padalpur Climber Leaves To treat rheumatism, leaves paste applied to the

affected area.

113. Stephania glabra (Roxb.) Miers.

(Menispermaceae)

Khbukka ludi Climber Root To treat hysteria, root extract is taken 2-3 times a

day.


AJMAP V5N2, 2019 21

114. Sterculia villosa Roxb. ex Smith

(Sterculiaceae)

Udulpata,Udal

gach

Small

tree

Root, Stem To treat urinary problems, small piece of stem or

root soaked in water for overnight. One glass of the

water is taken once daily for one week.

115. Stereospermum colais (Buch.-

Ham. ex Dillw) Mabberley

(Bignoniaceae)

Hamarang gach Tree Leaves To treat tuberculosis, pills prepared from young leaf

paste are taken with warm water thrice daily.

116. Streblus asper Lour.

(Moraceare)

Sharbo gach Tree Bark , Leaves To treat urine problem, bark and leaves are boiled in

water and half cup of decoction is taken orally twice

daily after meal until cure.

117. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb.ex

DC.) Wight &Arn.

(Combretaceae)

Arjun Tree Leaves, Bark Paralysis. Leaves and barks are combined together

and pills prepared from the mixture. Pills are taken

orally thrice daily for 1 month. At the same time,

leaf paste along with mastered oil is massaged on

the body.

118. Terminalia bellirica (Gaertn.)

Roxb.

(Combretaceae)

Bora gula Tree Dry fruit Dry fruit soaked in water for overnight and one

glass of soaked water is taken orally once daily in

the morning to treat constipation, weakness and

gastric.

119. Terminalia chebula Retz.

(Combretaceae)

Hoittal

Tree Dry fruit To treat gastric, fruit boiled in ½ liter water and ½

cup of the decoction is taken twice daily for one

month.

120. Tetrastigma bracteolatum

(Wall.) Planch

(Vitaceae)

Khurangul ludi Climber Leaves For headache, leaf paste is applied to the forehead.

121. Thunbergia grandiflora (Roxb.

ex Rottler) Roxb.

(Acanthaceae)

Deldipata, Del ladi Climber Stem To treat eye infections, watery sap of stem is applied

as eye drop.

122. Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.)

Hook.

(Menispermaceae)

Joinno ludi Climber Leaves, stem Jaundice. Tablets prepared from crushed leaves and

stems are taken orally on an empty stomach thrice

daily for 1 month.

123. Uraria crinite (L.) Desv.ex DC.

(Fabaceae)

Bilai lengur Shrub Leaves To treat hysteria, leaf extract is taken, and leaf paste

is applied on to the whole body.


AJMAP V5N2, 2019 22

124. Vitex peduncularis Wall. ex

Schauer in A .DC.

(Verbenaceae)

Aashmul gach Tree Leaves To treat urinary problem, leaves extract mixed with

sugar is given to drink in empty stomach once daily

for five days.

125. Ziziphus oenoplia (L.) Mill.

(Rhamnaceae)

Boroi gula Small

tree

Leaves To treat itch, leaf infusion is applied to the affected

area twice daily for three days.

Arabian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

www.ajmap.info ISSN 2458-5920

http://www.ajmap.inf/

a preliminary survey of ethno-medicinal plants used by the

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