a pplication of m olecular b iology t echniques in a strobiology in a strobiology r iccardo s. g...
TRANSCRIPT
AAPPLICATION OFPPLICATION OF
MMOLECULAROLECULAR B BIOLOGY IOLOGY TTECHNIQUESECHNIQUES
IN IN AASTROBIOLOGYSTROBIOLOGY
RICCARDO S. GATTA Ph.D. Molecular Genetics, I.C.G.E.B. New Delhi, Reg’d Pharmacist
JULIAN CHELA-FLORES The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics Strada Costiera 11; 34136 Trieste, Italy and
Instituto de Estudios Avanzados, Caracas 1015A, Venezuela
IINTRODUCTIONNTRODUCTION
CLASSIC MOLECULAR BIOLOGY APPROACH TO
RECOGNISE MOLECULAR BIOSIGNATURES,
APPLY THIS IN AN ISOLATED ENVIRONMENT.
&
SELECT TARGET,
SELECT TECHNIQUE,
ADAPT...
HAEKEL (1834-1919)
WOESE(1980’s)
SSEARCH FOREARCH FOR L LIFE IN THE IFE IN THE UUNIVERSENIVERSE
DARWIN (1809-1882)
ANCESTOR
MODERN
??
KNOWN
UNKNOWN ??
ANAXIMANDER (VI BCE)DEMOCRITUS (460-370 BCE)
The Origin
OBSERVATIONS - EVOLUTION
MACROSCOPIC
MICROSCOPIC
MOLECULAR
DIVERGENTCONVERGENT
EVOLUTIONMODELS OF
PARALLEL
LAST
ANCESTOR
UNIVERSAL
COMMON
Yes
EEVOLUTION VOLUTION && NNATURALATURAL S SELECTIONELECTION UNIVERSAL CONCEPTS?
No
continue…
LIFE…?
(…and skip next slide)
IF
Structure
LIFE AS A TARGET
IDENTIFY & QUANTIFY
Complex StructuresChemistryEmergent Chirality
LIFE
Complexity
Energy
Transduction
Polymers
ReplicationSpecific InteractionsDriving ForcesMolecular / Cellular
Metabolism More ComplexityMore DisequilibriumWaste
Yes
EEVOLUTION VOLUTION & N& NATURAL ATURAL SSELECTIONELECTION
UNIVERSAL CONCEPTS?
No
continue…
LIFE…?
(…and skip next slide)
IF
Figure from Labfrontier Corporation
REPLICATION:
DNA ↕
DNA
TRANSLATION:
mRNA↓
Protein
TRANSCRIPTION:
DNA ↓
mRNA
CCENTRALENTRAL D DOGMAOGMA OFOF M MOLECULAOLECULARR B BIOLOGYIOLOGYCrick, 1958
DO NOT
code for :
DNA RNA PROTEINS
“… to apply only to present-day organisms, and not to events in the remote past, such as the origin of life or the origin of the code.”
Crick, 1970
K v
K ir Ca v Na v
Early K channels
Voltage-gated channels
PHANEROZOIC
570 Myo - present
PROTEROZOIC
2.5 Gyo – 570 Myo
ARCHEAN
4.6 – 2.5 Gyo
~800 million
years ago
Ancient Proteins, membrane channels
TIME /
EVOLUTION
Modern Proteins
Example of divergence
from LUCA at
Check-Point IntervalsCheck-Point IntervalsFor:
Homology with known molecules
Na
Ca
K
EEVOLUTIONARY VOLUTIONARY CCRITERIARITERIA
Moczydlowski, 1998
Homology with known molecules
Where can we seek homology?BUT
1:
2:
Homology in:
BLUE 2, Joan Miro’.
1: INDIVIDUAL ELEMENTS
COMPOSITION 8, Vassily Kandinsky.
2: BUILD UP (CONSTRUCTION)
DECONSTRUCTIDENTIFY BASIC ELEMENTSEUROPA
FROM: NASA, JPL, UA, UC.
3: THE PARADIGM:
LINKto
PART 2