a portrait of california 2014˜2015 fresno...

A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015 | FRESNO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP

A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014–2015

FRESNO METRO AREA CLOSE-UP

The Fresno metropolitan statistical area ranks second-to-last among the ten most populous metro areas in California in terms of well-being and access to opportunity, as measured by the American Human Development Index. Its uman

evelopment (HD) Index score of 3.96 out of a possible 10 is well below the state average.

The Fresno metro area, with a population of almost million, co only Fresno County an one principal city, Fresno.

3.68EDUCATION

INDEX

THIS METRO AREA CLOSE-UP IS A COMPANION TO A PORTRAIT OF CALIFORNIA 2014 2015, AVAILABLE AT WWW.MEASUREOFAMERICA.ORG.

$22,676MEDIAN

EARNINGS

79.1LIFE

EXPECTANCY (years)

MEASUREOFAMERICAof the Social Science Research Council

3.96 HD INDEXSan Francisco

(6.72)

Oxnard–Thousand Oaks (5.62)

Los Angeles (5.44)

San Jose (7.08)

San Diego (5.59)

Sacramento (5.47)

Riverside–San Bernardino (4.59)

Stockton (4.34)

Fresno (3.96)

2WWW.MEASUREOFAMERICA .ORG


The American Human Development (HD) Index for California is a composite measure of well-being and access to opportunity made up of health, education, and earnings indicators. The Index is expressed on a scale from 0 to 10.

The American Human Development Index

A Long and Healthy Life is measured using life expectancy at birth, calculated using 2010–2012 mortality data from the California Department of Public Health and population data from the U.S. Census Bureau.

Fresno TodayHOW HAS FRESNO FARED SINCE THE GREAT RECESSION?

Just before the Great Recession, Fresno’s rank on the Human Development Index was the same as today, second-to-last. Fresno, along with five other major metro areas, saw a decline in well-being and access to opportunity. This decline was mostly due to a drop in earnings. Median earnings fell by $2,298 between 2006–2008 and 2010–2012.

Life expectancyat birth

Medianearnings

Schoolenrollment

Educationaldegree attainment

AmericanHuman Development

INDEX

3

HealthINDEX

+ +Education

INDEXIncomeINDEX

INDICATORS

A DecentStandard of Living

Access toKnowledge

A Long andHealthy Life

Access to Knowledge is measured with schoolenrollment for those ages 3 to 24, and educational degree attainment for those 25 and older, with 2010–2012 data from the American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau.

A Decent Standard of Living is measured using median earnings of all full- and part-time workers 16 years and older from the American Community Survey, U.S. Census Bureau, 2010–2012.

Human Development before and after the Great Recession

CHANGE IN HD INDEX

San Francisco

San Jose

Bakersfield

Riverside–San Bernardino

Sacramento

San Diego

Stockton

Fresno

Los Angeles +0.08

+0.05

–0.01

–0.02

–0.03

–0.04

–0.11

–0.15

+0.10

+0.13

Oxnard–Thousand Oaks



HUMAN DEVELOPMENT NEIGHBORHOOD BY NEIGHBORHOOD

The Fresno metro area is divided by the U.S. Census Bureau into seven neighborhood clusters, each with a population between one hundred thousand and two hundred thousand residents. The HD Index scores of the different neighborhood clusters in the Fresno metro area vary, from 5.82 in Fresno City North to only 2.79 in Fresno City Southeast. Fresno City East Central, with the second-lowest earnings of all Fresno metro area neighborhoods, has the lowest life expectancy, almost five years less than the life expectancy in Fresno City North. However, Fresno City East Central is not that unique in its lower-than-average life expectancy. In fact, all neighborhoods in the Fresno metro area, save Fresno City North, have life expectancies well below the California average.

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT BY RACE AND ETHNICITY

Another lens for understanding access to opportunity is race and ethnicity. Well-being in Fresno varies across racial and ethnic groups. African Americans have the lowest levels of well-being on the HD Index, at 2.96. In fact, the African American Index score in Fresno is the lowest among California metro areas with a population of African Americans over 40,000. Whites in Fresno rank highest, with a score of 5.35. However this score is still lower than the California average for all people of 5.39. In short, even the top-performing group in Fresno is still falling behind. The racial and ethnic profile of the Fresno metro area diverges from that of California as a whole. Fresno has a significantly larger Latino population and smaller Asian American population, as proportions of their total populations. Half of Fresno's population is Latino, and only 9.5 percent is Asian American.

Racial and Ethnic Makeup of the Fresno Metro Area

32.2% Whites

9.5% Asian Americans

4.8% African Americans

0.5% Native Americans

50.8% Latinos

Two or More Racesor Some Other Race2.3%

Human Development by Neighborhood Cluster in Fresno

HD INDEX

LIFE EXPECTANCY

AT BIRTH (years)

LESS THAN HIGH SCHOOL

(%)

AT LEAST BACHELOR’S

DEGREE(%)

GRADUATE OR PROFESSIONAL

DEGREE(%)

SCHOOL ENROLLMENT

(%)

MEDIAN EARNINGS

(2012 dollars)

CALIFORNIA 5.39 81.2 18.5 30.9 11.3 78.5 30,502

FRESNO METRO AREA 3.96 79.1 27.1 19.2 6.1 76.2 22,676

1. Fresno City North 5.82 81.6 9.3 34.2 11.0 81.4 32,064

2. Clovis City 5.48 78.5 10.4 30.7 10.1 79.8 35,228

3. Sanger, Reedley & Parlier Cities 4.01 80.6 31.1 17.9 6.2 78.2 21,313

4. Selma, Kerman & Coalinga Cities 3.33 80.7 43.6 9.4 3.5 73.6 19,561

5. Fresno City Southwest 3.20 76.9 30.0 13.4 4.0 74.2 20,581

6. Fresno City East Central 2.89 76.7 33.3 11.5 3.3 72.6 19,317

7. Fresno City Southeast 2.79 78.1 39.3 10.2 2.4 73.0 17,821

Source: Measure of America calculations using California Department of Public Health 2010–2012 mortality data and U.S. Census Bureau Population Estimates and American Community Survey 2010–2012.



Fresno

ReedleySan Joaquin

MENDOTAWILDLIFE AREA

0 2512.5 Miles N

0 2512.5 Miles N

SIERRA NATIONAL FOREST

5

Human Development by Neighborhood Cluster

HD INDEX

6.82–9.26

5.76–6.81

4.77–5.75

4.00–4.76

2.14–3.99

Parkland

No major California metro area has a sufficiently large Native American population to allow for reliable calculations of the HD Index at this level, unfortunately; the HD Index score for Native Americans in the state is 4.51.



Fresno Forecast: The Next GenerationAlthough HD Index scores are a good proxy for potential risks to child well-being, the HD Index uses a set of indicators that chart the life course of adults and are therefore less suited to capturing how the next generation will fare. Additional indicators can help round out the picture. Below are a set of faster-moving indicators that shed light on the overall physical and social conditions that children and youth face as they grow up in Fresno today. These factors, which operate “behind the scenes,” affect the degree to which children and teens in Fresno are sheltered from harm, have their fundamental needs met, and are able to build the capabilities required to flourish in the future. The rate of children born under 5.5 pounds in Fresno is the highest of all the California metro areas. This rate is likely related to the fact one in five Fresno residents lack health insurance. Air quality in Fresno is also a concern. In 2013, 109 days, the equivalent of more than two days a week, were unsafe for children to play outside. Fresno’s high school dropout rate is also problematic. At almost 15 percent, it is the second highest of all the metro areas (Bakersfield’s is the highest). The rate of disconnected youth, at almost 20 percent, is the third-highest of all the major metro areas in the state. Violent crime is also high in Fresno. At 540 violent incidents per 100,000 residents, Fresno’s crime rate is the fourth-highest of all the major metro areas in the state (Stockton is first, Bakersfield is second, and San Francisco is third). In addition to health and safety concerns, finding a decent job is a struggle for Fresno residents. At almosit 11 percent, the unemployment rate in Fresno is highest of all the major metro areas in the state. For those lucky enough to find a full-time position, almost three out of ten earn less than $25,000 a year, the highest percentage of low-wage workers across the ten major California metro areas. Overall, health, safety, educational attainment and employment are serious concerns for children and youth in Fresno. Fresno currently ranks second-to-last on the HD Index among the major metro areas in California. Given today’s conditions,without significant policy interventions, it is unlikely that the next generation of Fresno residents will be able to improve their relative position in the near future.

These indicators track important risks that children and youth are facing as they grow up in Fresno today.

Forecast Indicators: The Next Generation


WWW.MEASUREOFAMERICA .ORG 6

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2012, Tables S2503 and S0802; FBI Uniform Crime Reports 2012.

RANKING(BASED ON HD INDEX)

AFFORDABLE HOUSING

(% who spend less than 30% of income on housing)

AVERAGECOMMUTE TIME

(minutes/day)

VIOLENTCRIMES

(per 100,000 residents)

1. San Jose 58.5 26 2742. San Francisco 55.2 30 5513. Oxnard 53.9 25 1984. San Diego 50.9 25 3745. Sacramento 54.7 25 4416. Los Angeles 48.6 29 3937. Riverside–San Bernardino 51.3 31 3698. Stockton 53.2 30 8899. Fresno 54.2 23 54010. Bakersfield 57.6 24 579

Sources: California Department of Public Health, 2010 Birth Records; Environmental Protection Agency Air Quality Index Report 2013; U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2010– 2012, Table DP03; California Protected Areas Database.

Sources: U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2010–2012, Table S1401 and analysis of 2010–2012 PUMA microdata; California Department of Education cohort dropout rate.

Sources: Bureau of Labor Statistics Local Area Unemployment Statistics; U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 2012, Tables S2001 and B19083.


UNEMPLOYMENT

(% 16 years old and older)

EARNING UNDER $25,000/YEAR

(% of full-time workers)

INCOME INEQUALITY

(gini)

1. San Jose 5.3 13.1 0.472. San Francisco 5.0 13.4 0.493. Oxnard 5.9 21.0 0.444. San Diego 5.8 20.4 0.475. Sacramento 6.7 17.7 0.456. Los Angeles 7.2 24.8 0.497. Riverside–San Bernardino 8.0 23.8 0.448. Stockton 10.3 20.0 0.469. Fresno 10.5 29.4 0.4810. Bakersfield 10.1 29.0 0.46


NEWBORNS WITH LOW BIRTH

WEIGHT (% of births less

than 5.5 lbs.)

AIR QUALITY

(# of unhealthy days per year)

NO HEALTH INSURANCE

(% of residents)

GREEN SPACE

(square miles per 100,000 residents)

1. San Jose 6.9 8 11.9 262. San Francisco 7.0 7 11.9 183. Oxnard 6.2 5 16.3 1214. San Diego 6.5 19 17.3 655. Sacramento 6.7 35 13.4 806. Los Angeles 7.1 80 21.4 127. Riverside–San Bernardino 6.8 130 20.8 4188. Stockton 7.0 30 17.5 39. Fresno 7.8 109 20.4 25610. Bakersfield 7.0 100 20.7 242


PRESCHOOL ENROLLMENT

(% of 3 and 4 year olds)

HIGH SCHOOLDROPOUT

(% of cohort)

DISCONNECTEDYOUTH

(% 16-24 year olds not working or in school)

1. San Jose 58.7 11.1 11.62. San Francisco 60.3 12.9 12.33. Oxnard 51.7 10.7 10.44. San Diego 49.3 9.2 11.95. Sacramento 49.2 9.5 14.36. Los Angeles 53.6 11.4 14.17. Riverside–San Bernardino 37.6 11.2 18.28. Stockton 40.7 12.3 21.09. Fresno 38.4 14.6 19.410. Bakersfield 34.9 16.2 24.2


Human Development in Fresno at a Glance

Measure of America is a nonpartisan project, founded in 2007, of the Social Science Research Council. It creates easy-to-use yet methodologically sound tools for understanding well-being and opportunity in America and stimulates fact-based dialogue about these issues.

Through hard copy and online reports, interactive maps, and custom-built dashboards, Measure of America works closely with partners to breathe life into numbers, using data to identify areas of need, pinpoint levers of change, and track progress over time.

For policymaker and press inquiries: Eric Henderson, Chief of Advocacy and [email protected], (718) 517-3606.

MEASUREOFAMERICAof the Social Science Research Council

5.07UNITED STATES

HD INDEX

5.39CALIFORNIA

HD INDEX

3.96FRESNOHD INDEX

Whites5.35

Asian Americans4.95

Latinos3.23

African American2.96

Race/Ethnicity

Human Development in California's Ten MostPopulous Metro Areas

Fresno in the National Context

5.82

4.01

5.48

3.33

3.20

San Francisco(6.72)

Oxnard–Thousand Oaks (5.62)

Los Angeles (5.44)

Bakersfield (3.69)

ALL Neighborhood Clusters

Fresno City North,Fresno County

Sanger, Reedley & Parlier Cities, Fresno County

Selma, Kerman & Coalinga Cities, Fresno County

Clovis City, Fresno County

Fresno City Southwest,Fresno County

Fresno City East Central,Fresno County

Fresno City Southeast,Fresno County

2.89

2.79

San Jose (7.08)

San Diego (5.59)

Sacramento (5.47)

Riverside–San Bernardino (4.59)

Stockton (4.34)

Fresno (3.96)

0 (HD INDEX MINIMUM)

10 (HD INDEX MAXIMUM)

Taft

Wasco

Arvin

Delano

Shafter

Maricopa

McFarland

Bakersfield

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