A PARCEL OF CROSS-AND-CROSSLETS PENCE FROM THE TEALBY FIND

By R. H. M. D O L L E Y and F. E L M O R E J O N E S

R E C E N T L Y Mr. R . L. Austen of Chichester was kind enough to bring to our notice a little collection of no fewer than fifty-nine of the so-called 'Tealby' pennies of Henry II. Upon investigation these have proved to be from the original Tealby hoard of 1807. It will be recalled that on that occasion more than 5,700 coins were discovered, and that after examination more than 5,100 were sent to the Mint to be melted down. It was known that Taylor Combe besides making a wide selection for the National Collection picked out an uncertain number of the more attractive coins for presentation to various collectors of the day, and the composition of the present parcel leaves no room for doubt but that the coins were selected for such a purpose by somebody who knew a great deal about the series. At this point we would only remark that coins of London and Canterbury, the 'common' mints of the type and which combine to account for no less than 40 per cent, of the coins in the British Museum, are conspicuously absent, and we feel that no less significance attaches to the circumstance that on virtually every coin the mint-signature is quite legible, a phenomenon that would be unprecedented if the parcel in question were a random sample from any of the recorded finds. Discreet inquiries have clinched the Tealby provenance by eliciting the fact that the parcel derives ultimately from Lincolnshire, and we have good grounds for our belief that the coins to be described were selected by Taylor Combe himself for presentation to a gentleman who had rendered a signal service to numismatic science by ensuring that the hoard was recovered sub-stantially intact.

The parcel under consideration, then, throws new light on the care with which Taylor Combe applied himself to the study of an immense treasure the sheer volume of which must surely have daunted a lesser scholar, and we feel that it is a tribute to the skill with which he selected the 10 per cent, of the coins not consigned to the melting-pot that not one of the forty-four obverse and forty-two reverse dies represented in this parcel is certainly 'new'. When, too, we consider that his selection of pieces for the National Collection amounted to something like 5 per cent, of the total, it is indeed remarkable that so few of the coins in the parcel prove to be from dies not already represented in the British Museum trays. Once again, too, time has proved to be on the side of the National Collection, and it is pleasant to be able to record the fact that the eleven most significant coins have been presented to the British Museum. In the description that follows they are distinguished by an asterisk, and they are also illustrated on the accompanying plate (PL. V, 1 - 1 1 ) .

The list of the fifty-nine coins is on the model of the British Museum Cata-logue, and is arranged under mints and moneyers. There is one trifling depar-ture in that it has not been thought necessary to indicate the precise number of letters which are wanting at any point, and in fact there are not more than

A P A R C E L O F C R O S S - A N D - C R O S S L F . T S P E N C E 83

half a dozen readings which could not be reconstructed with complete cer-tainty by a collation of all the known specimens of the piece in question. Where B.M.C. numbers are given, too, it is to indicate an actual die-identity and not simply a superficial agreement. It is satisfying to find Mr. Derek Allen's tentative attribution of B.M.C. 822 absolutely vindicated by no. 3, but the crucial coin is of course no. 58. A queried attribution to 'Harvi' (for Hervi) from a third die-duplicate is now seen to be impossible in the case of B.M.C. 811, but the identity of the moneyer remains a mystery. A reading 'Katel ' for the ' Cetel' of the Pipe Rolls is just possible, but the well-attested Scandinavian name 'Karel' may seem equally attractive. Since, too, ' K ' and ' R ' are indistinguishable at this date, and ' H ' approximates very closely, the possibility of an unrecorded moneyer 'Ra . . 1' or 'Ha . . 1' cannot altogether be precluded.

Catalogue No. Weight Obverse Reverse

B R I S T O L (3 coins) Moneyer: Elaf (Eilaf) (1)

1.* 20-77 * f c E N : R E O N R I . Bust C1. B.M.C.—Die dupl. of coins in A. W. Lainchbury and F . E. J.

colls, (casts in B.M.) which combine to read >F E I : O N : B R I . (PI. V, 6)

Moneyer: Rogier (1) 2. 2315 * — E N R I R E X O N : B R S

Bust E'~. B.M.C. 10 Moneyer: Tancard (1)

3. 21-88 • f i E N 7 T N 6 * T f i N : B R S Bust A2. B.M.C. 822 (proving queried attribution to this mint and

moneyer). Nos. 2 and 3 with their upturned edges are typical Bristol strikings.

B U R Y ST. E D M U N D S (4 coins) Moneyer: Henri (4)

4. 16-22 HE< f i E N R I : R : K 6 : E N R I : O N : S : E D M Bust C\ B.M.C. 17

5. 22-28 N R I R 6 X 7TN * fcE R I : O N : 8 : E D M : Bust B1. B.M.C. 19 An unusually round striking.

6. 21-08 I i E N R E X TCN ^ fcENR : S : E D Bust D3. B.M.C. 24

7. 21-86 R I R E X * fcENR O N r t z r . E D Bust E2. B.M.C. 28. (Amplifies Bust classification in B.M.C.)

L I N C O L N (11 coins) Moneyer: Andreu (3)

8.* 21-86 * f c E N R E (Double struck) * K N D I N N Bust C2. B.M.C. 385. (Shows bust of B.M.C. coin.) (PI. V, 5)

9 . 21-17 fcENRI: : * V : O N : I iXN Die duplicate of preceding coin.

10. 22-02 N r l i l N i : : Bust D1. B.M.C. 386 Moneyer: Godric (2)

11. 23-78 * h E N R : K I N E : Bust A2. BM.C. 388a

84 A P A R C E L O F C R O S S - A N D - C R O S S L E T S

No. Weight Obverse Reverse 12. 17-56 — M S T t N G I l O N I K I N C :

Die duplicate of preceding coin.

Moneyer: Lanfram (1) 13. 2 2 1 9 * ft R I R E X 7T * L l H ^ M N E O

Bust A1. B.M.C. 397

Moneyer: Raidf (2) 14. 20 01 N R I R E X TCNG R : O N : L( IN

Bust B3 (var.). B.M.C. 408a 15.* 1815 * N : M N i :

Bust C1 . Combines dies of B.M.C. 391/407A (PI- V, 4)

Moneyer: Raven (1) 16. 21-91 ftEN R E X M N E O I l

Irregular Bust C1—with inner circle. B.M.C. 424

Moneyer: Swein (1) 17.* 22-53 E N R I R W E I H I M O

Bust E. B.M.C. 387/— (Reverse die not in B.M.) (PI. V, 3)

Uncertain Moneyer (1) 18. 17-22 — — N : K I N E — —

Bust A2. Possibly rev. die of B.M.C. 406 (Raulf )

N E W C A S T L E (3 coins) Moneyer: Willem (3)

19. 22-53 1 : O N : N I V E Mule C1/A. B.M.C. 587

20. 22-08 • f t 1 : : O N : N I V Bust F\ B.M.C. 609

21. 21-12 • ftENRI: R E I : : O N : N I V Die duplicate of preceding coin. All three of typical Newcastle fabric and

roundness.

N O R T H A M P T O N (5 coins) Moneyer: Engelram (1)

22. 21-83 • f t E N R I R E N 6 H * E N 6 7T : N O R Bust A1. B.M.C. 614a

Moneyer: Pieres (2) 23. 22-34 • ftGNRIR * P RftTT :

Bust A1. B.M.C. 620 24. 22-17 • ftENRI R E X — E S : O N : N O

Die duplicate of preceding coin.

Moneyer: Reimund (2) 25 * 21-94 • ftE N e i l • R E N O R f t

Bust A\ B.M.C. — ( ' new ' dies) (Pl. V, 2) 26.* 21-82 • ftENRI R E X 7 T N 6 • E I : N O R f t

Bust A2. B.M.C. 621/—. Same rev. die as preceding coin. (Pl. V, 1)

N O R W I C H (21 coins) Moneyer: Herbert (3)

27. 22 02 N R I R E X T : O N : N O R Bust A2. B.M.C. 644

28 * 22-90 — — R : 7X • ft T : O N : N O Bust C\ B.M.C. —1649. Obv. die not in B.M. (Pl. V, 11)

P E N C E F R O M T H E T E A L B Y F I N D 85

No. Weight Obverse Reverse 29. 22 14 E N R K R E X * fcE B O N : N O R

Bust D. B.M.C. 651

Moneyer: Hue {Hugo) (4) 30. 22 13 >3f< fcENRI R E X Ti E : O N : N O R

Bust A. B.M.C. 653 31. 22-30 E N R I R E X 7TN6JU O : O N : N O R

Bust A (with features of B). B.M.C. 656 32. 21-68 I R 6 N * ft N O R W I

Die duplicate of preceding coin. 33.* 21-04 <i< h E N R I R E X 7 J N 6 I I 0 : 0 N : N 0 W

Bust A1. B.M.C. 645/656. Same rev. die as 2 preceding coins. Die com-bination not in B.M. (PI. V, 10)

Moneyer: Nicol (2) 34. 21-97 E N R I 7 T N 6 — I I : O N : O R W

Bust A (with features of B). B.M.C. 665 35. 22-44 — - R E X 7 ? N 6 : O N : N O R

Die duplicate of preceding coin

Moneyer: Pico I (4) 36. 21-88 * fcENRI 7 W 6 C O T : N : N O

Bust A1. B.M.C. 669. (Same obv. die as Nos. 43 and 44) 37. 20-31 * J i E N R I R E * P I N O R W

Bust B\ B.M.C. 674 3 8 . 21-32 fcENRI R E X N : N O R W I

Die duplicate of preceding coin. 39. 21-61 R 1 R E X 7 T N 6 T : O N : N O R

Die duplicate of 2 preceding coins. Unusually round. Moneyer: Reinier (7)

40. 22-30 R E X T t N G N E R : O N : N O R E Bust A1. B.M.C. 678

41. 22-01 N R 6 R : O N : N O R E — Die duplicate of preceding coin.

42. 21-91 R E X 7t R E I N N : N O R E Bust A2. Die combination of B.M.C. 671/678. (Same rev. die as 2 pre-

ceding coins) 43. 22-47 R I N : N O R

Bust A1. Die combination of B.M.C. 669/678. (Same rev. die as 3 pre-ceding coins)

44.* 21-82 * t l N R I R N6JU * : O N : N O R C Bust A1. B.M.C. 669/— Rev. die not in B.M. Die dupl. in F. E. J. coll.

reads Hf< R : O N : N O R (Same obv. die as preceding coin and as No. 36) (PI. V. 9)

45. 22-01 * H E N R I : R E X 4< R R : O N : N O R . Bust D2. B.M.C. 681

46. 22-44 E N R I : R ^ R E — — : O N : N O R . Die duplicate of preceding coin.

Moneyer: Ricard (1) 47. 22-61 * fcENRI R D : O N : N O R

Bust A2. B.M.C. 684

O X F O R D {1 coin) Monever: Adam (1)

48. 21-16 N R I R E X f i N G U 7TD7T : O N : O X E N H Bust A. B.M.C. 687

86 A P A R C E L O F C R O S S - A N D - C R O S S L E T S P E N C E

No. Weight Obverse Reverse T H E T F O R D (5 coins)

Moneyer: Siwate (1) 49. 21-54 >*< ftENRIRE * S E : O N : T E H R O

Bust A. B.M.C. 710

Moneyer: Turstein (2) 50. 22-36 E N R I R ftN6 R S T E I N : O N : T E —

Bust A1. B.M.C. 722 51. 21-84 h E N R I N * E I : O N : T E

Bust C1 . B.M.C. 724

Y O R K (8 coins) Moneyer: Godwin (1)

52. 22-01 * R E N R I I N : O N : E V Bust D\ B.M.C. 787

Moneyer: Herbert (3) 53.* 21-22 — — N6R : O N : E v E

Bust A1. B.M.C. 794. Shows Bust A 1 and adds a little to reading of B.M. specimen. (PI. V, 8)

54. 21-63 • REN EX 7TN6H * RB R : O N : E V E R Bust A/D Mule. B.M.C. 795. (Obv. die of B.M.C. 785 of Godwin)

55. 22-24 NRI : RE—— * BERBER N : EVER Bust Dx. B.M.C. 798 Obv. die of No . 52. Rev. die of preceding coin.

Moneyer: Norman (2) 56. 22-98 * * N— EVER

Bust A1. B.M.C. 806 57. 19.78 E N R I R E — N G * N R N EVER

Die duplicate of preceding coin.

Unidentified Moneyer (2) ' R (or Li or R) 7? R ' (possibly Ketel, see B.M.C. p. clxxiv)

58.* 17-98 —KN6R R : O N : E V Bust A1. B.M.C. 811. Die dupl. in F. E. J. coll. adds second letter (A)

of moneyer 's name and possibly first (K, H , or R) . (PI. V, 7) 59. 21-87 NRI R E X — EVERW

Die duplicate of preceding coin.