TWO C O I N H O A R D S O F T H E R E B E L L I O N P E R I O D (1641-9) F R O M U L S T E R

By W. A. SEABY

DRUMENAGH TOWNLAND, CO. Derry, March 1955 IN February 1955 Mr. Frederick Watterson, a farmer at Drumenagh near the north-western corner of Lough Neagh, Co. Londonderry, was reploughing a field on his farm, known as the Bog, which had first been cultivated in 1953 (Irish Grid Ref. H937.874; O.S. 6 in. Londonderry sheet 47). On 5 March he dug a shallow drain across the field and saw a silver coin on top of the ground. He dug at the spot and came across more coins buried in four separate piles, the top of each being only some five inches from the ploughed surface.

On the evening of 4 May Dr. William Cousley, coroner for south Derry, conducted an inquest in Magherafelt Court House and returned a verdict of treasure trove, all 132 coins being retained by the Northern Ireland Ministry of Finance on behalf of the Crown.

Later an examination was made at the British Museum by Dr. J. P. C. Kent who noted the discoloration of some of the pieces and advised that they should be checked for gilding since Stuart silver coins were often gilded in an attempt to pass them as gold. However, subsequent examination by Mr. Martyn Jope, Queen's University, showed that the discoloration was due to com-pacted iron-staining which was easily removable.

It was decided that the hoard should be retained intact by the Ministry of Finance and placed on temporary exhibition in the Belfast Museum, pending the setting up of a State Museum in Northern Ireland. The finder, Mr. Watterson, was rewarded with £30, representing the full market value of the coins.

The coins which compose this hoard are of good quality silver. They cover a period of approximately eighty-eight years from the reign of Mary to 1642. With the exception of two, one from Spanish America and a Scottish thirty-shilling piece, they consist entirely of English half-crowns, shillings, and six-pences all struck at the Tower Mint, London. Together they make up a face value total of £6. 4s. 6d.

During the period covered by the hoard coins of debased silver were minted for Ireland, but in 1637 Charles I abolished the name and title of the Irish money or 'harps' and proclaimed that all payments should be made in English money.1 This was done largely to counter the practice of hoarding gold and silver or, worse still, of melting it down to make table plate, while allowing coins of baser metals to circulate freely for purposes of normal trade. It will be seen that no Irish types appear in the list, although occasionally they have appeared in other hoards.

1 Council Order Book A 42, No. 34; Simon, Essay on Irish Coins (1749, reprinted 1810), App. No. xlv, 113.

H O A R D S O F T H E R E B E L L I O N P E R I O D (1641-9) F R O M U L S T E R 405

The hoard can be classed as a typical assemblage of regal money brought together about the time of the Civil War in Britain. Such finds are common in England and many of the same period have come to light in Ireland, both from the north and south of the country. They may be said to be directly associated with the economic and political stress which resulted from the Catholic uprising during the years 1641-3.

In order to put down the Irish rebellion the English House of Commons during November 1641 resolved to borrow £50,000 from the City of London, for which full security was to be given;1 orders were passed that a sum of £20,000 be sent over to Ireland without delay, that ships be sent to guard the coast, and a force of 6,000 foot and 2,000 horse be raised and dispatched to Dublin. It was further resolved that negotiations should be opened with the Scots for a force of 2,000 foot and 500 horse to be landed in Ulster.2 Within a short space of time, however, owing to the success of the rebels in the North, the English Commons complied with the wishes of the Irish Government in June 1642 by increasing the sum for the prosecution of the war to £100,000.3

To raise further funds in Ireland the lord justices in Dublin issued a proclamation (14 January 1642) to encourage loyal subjects to bring in their gold and silver plate for service of the Government.4 This was coined into provisional pieces bearing stamps of different weight-values and known today as Inchiquin money, after Murrough, Viscount Inchiquin.5 In the following year a further supply of money was struck in Dublin, each piece bearing on one side a crowned C.R. and on the reverse the respective value (Vs, lis Vid, Xlld, VId, &c.). This coinage is usually referred to as Ormonde money after the Marquis, later Duke, of Ormonde.6 Such 'money of necessity' is of good weight and fineness, but it is noteworthy that none occurs in the Drumenagh find.

As there are twenty-four coins (more than one-sixth of the whole and amounting to a little over one-quarter of the total value) issued in London after 1640, it may be assumed that part of the hoard, and probably all of it, is made up from the moneys sent to Ireland by the English Parliament. It follows, therefore, that the coins may represent either a direct payment to someone in authority for support of the Crown forces, or may possibly have formed part of an English army pay bag.7 Their general state, very worn in the earlier

1 Ramsay Colles, History of Ulster iii (1919), 27; Calendar State Papers domestic 1641-3, 154, 158, 159 (2, 4, and 5 Nov.), Commons J. ii. 300 (1 Nov.), 303-4 (3 Nov.), 308 (9 Nov.).

2 C. S. P. dom. 1641-3, 162, 164 (11 Nov.). 3 C. S. P. dom. 1641-3, 345 (22 June 1642). For general accounts of the financing of British

troops in Ireland during the Rebellion, and the methods used in raising loans through the City of London, and from the Irish Adventurers, see Hugh Hazlett, Irish Historical Studies i (1938-9), 21-41, J. R. MacCormack, ibid, x (1956-7), 21-39 with Appendix, 39-58. It would appear that whereas the House of Commons, under Pym, was raising large sums and forces for the suppression of the Irish rising in the North, in point of fact much of the money and many of the troops were diverted and used by the Parliamentarians in their struggle against the king when the English Civil War broke out during the summer of 1642.

4 Council Order Book A 42, No. 71; Simon, Essay on Irish Coins (1749, reprinted 1810), App. No. xlvii, 116.

5 Aquilla Smith, J. Roy. Soc. Antiq. Ireland vi (1860-1), 11-20. 6 Aquilla Smith, ibid, iii (1854-5), 16-24. 7 Three paymaster's bags of leather, in the collection of the Museum and Art Gallery, Belfast

(Acc. Nos. 945 to 947-1897), were rescued in 1897 from the warehouse of a London slipper manu-facturer who had purchased them, with some hundreds of others, to cut up as linings. Each bears

406 T W O C O I N H O A R D S O F T H E

pieces but improving steadily to almost mint condition in the latest, appears consistent with a rapid assembly from coinage in circulation.

Like most of the other hoards found in the country, this one appears to have been deliberately hidden, with the intention of later recovery by the owner, for the coins were neatly arranged and were at a comparatively shallow depth in the ground. It would seem that each pile had been rolled in paper or placed in some similar covering, such as cloth, which had long since perished.1 The deposition probably took place towards the end of 1641 or early in 1642; the hoard is unlikely to have been placed there after 1643 by reason of the fact that the initial-marks on the coins of Charles I stop at 'triangle in circle' (1641-3).2

The Scottish thirty-shilling piece of Charles I, struck by Falconer, is in very fine condition and dates from 1638 to 1641; such coins were nominally only current in England and Ireland for half-a-crown.3 It may have arrived with the Scottish troops who landed at Carrickfergus during April 1642 and who brought with them money, arms, and other supplies;4 there is no reason, however, why this coin should not have come into the country either direct from Scotland or through England at a somewhat earlier date. Its condition is such that it can only have passed through comparatively few hands before deposition.

The Spanish-American piece of eight reals, bearing the arms of the Royal House of Spain, is, by contrast with the Scottish coin, a travesty of design and execution, being so mis-struck and clipped that it is impossible to see whose inscription it bears.5 These 'pieces-of-eight' must have circulated quite extensively in Ireland where they were valued at between As. 6d. and As. 9d., a higher figure than that at which they passed in England.6

Below is set out a detailed list of the coins found at Drumenagh, while Appendix I summarizes some twenty-seven hoards of the Civil War period found in Ireland; it does not claim to be exhaustive. Of these, twelve or more have been reported in sufficient detail to show their composition, and an analysis of eleven with percentages is given in Appendix II. The English Elizabethan coins, largely sixpences, take the lead with over 56 per cent.; Stuart coinage, including the comparatively few Irish and Scottish pieces, accounts for more than a further 35 per cent.; the remainder is made up of

an inscription and is dated to the year of the king, being respectively 21 Edward III (1347), 17 Richard II (1393), and 21 James I (1623). The ink on the last has almost faded away but sufficient remains to testify that the names inscribed are those of Sir Marmaduke Darrell and Sir John Suckling (Secretary of State, 1622). Money bags such as this one would have been in use during the campaigning in Ireland at the time of the Rebellion.

1 Just as copper money today is made up in piles and placed in bags or ' rolls' to specified values by the banks.

2 H. A. Seaby, Notes on English Silver Coins, 1066-1648, B. A. Seaby Ltd., London (1948), 69. G. C. Brooke, English Coins (1932), 211.

3 H. A. Grueber, Handbook of Coins of Great Britain and Ireland in the B.M. (1899), 201-2; E. Burns, Coinage of Scotland ii (1887), 469, No. 38; I. H. Stewart, The Scottish Coinage (1955), 156, No. 222a.

4 Ramsay Colles, History of Ulster iii (1919), 41; Diet. Nat. Biog. xxxviii, 188; Register Privy Council, Scotland, 1638-43, vii (1906), 235.

5 Probably Philip III (1598-1621), or Philip IV (1621-65). 6 M. S. D. Westropp, Proc. Roy. Irish Acad, xxxiii, Section C, no. 3 (1916), 46-47; Appendix II

shows that Spanish coins account for well over 5 per cent, of the total coins in the eleven hoards analysed for this period.

HOARDS OF THE R E B E L L I O N P E R I O D (1641-9) F R O M U L S T E R 407

Spanish and other foreign coins about 6-5 per cent., and the Edward VI and Mary issues nearly 2 per cent.

Sizes and composition of hoards vary considerably. As many as 700 coins were found at Paddinstown, Co. Westmeath, and as few as five at Temple-tuohy. Some hoards, those of Portarlington (1947) and Belfast (1840-50) in-cluded gold pistoles struck by Lord Inchiquin, while that at Newry (1849) appears to have contained only English gold. Most of the silver hoards con-tained a few Spanish pieces, while one deposit at Fountainstown (1835) con-sisted entirely of brass siege pieces struck at Cork and Youghal. Coins struck by the Confederate Catholics occur but rarely in hoards of official English and Irish issues.

A number of hoards, owing to the clipped and worn condition of the coins (e.g. nos. 8, 11, 14,15, 17), may be more truly related to the issues of English milled silver by Charles II in 1662. Much hammered silver was deposited in hoards at the time when it was being called in by the authorities. The Portar-lington hoards are likely to be associated with the fighting during the Commonwealth.

D E T A I L E D L I S T OF D R U M E N A G H H O A R D No. of Speci-

ENGLISH mens Philip and Mary (1553-58) 1 Shilling, undated type, c. 1554 1 2 Shilling, dated, 1555 . 1

Elizabeth I (1558-1603) 3-20 Shillings, i.m. lis, 1558-61 (1); cross-crosslet, 1558-61 (4); martlet, 1560-1

(4); bell, 1582-4 (2); hand, 1590-2 (1); tun, 1592-5 (3); woolpack, 1594-6 (1); key, 1595-8 (1); 1, 1601 (1) 18

21-67 Sixpences, i.m. pheon, 1561 (2); 1562 over 1 (1); 1564 (2); portcullis, 1566 (3); coronet, 1567 (1); 1569 (6); castle, 1570 (1); ermine, 1572 (4, one split in two pieces); 1573 (1); acorn, 1573 (1); eglantine, 1574 (2); 1575 (1); 1576 (1); Greek cross over eglantine, 1578 over 7 (1); Greek cross, 1578 (2); 1579 (1); Latin cross, 1580(2); 1581 (1); sword, 1582 (1); bell, 1582(1); 1583 (1); A, 1584 (2); escallop, 1586 (1); crescent, 1587 (1); hand, 1590 (1); tun, 1592 (2); 1593 (1); woolpack, 1594 (1); key, 1596 (1); 2, 1602 (1) . . 47

James I (1603-25) 68-82 Shillings, 1st coinage, 2nd bust, i.m. thistle, 1603-4 (5); lis, 1604 (1); 2nd

coinage, 3rd bust, lis, 1604-5 (1); 4th bust, rose, 1605-6 (1); escallop, 1606-7 (3); grapes, 1607 (1); 5th bust, coronet, 1608-9 (1); 3rd coinage, 6th bust, tre-foil over lis and trefoil, 1624 (1); trefoil, 1624 (1) 15

83-5 Sixpences, 2nd coinage, 3rd bust, i.m. lis, 1604 (1); 4th bust, grapes, 1607 (1); bell, 1610 (1) 3

Charles I (1625-49), coins all of Tower Mint 86-97 Half-crowns, i.m. crown, 1635-6, type 3a1 (2); tun, 1636-8, type 3a1 (2);

star, 1640-1, type 4 (2); triangle in circle, 1641-3, type 4 (6) . . . 1 2 98-123 Shillings, oval shield, i.m. bell, 1634-5, type 3a1 (2); crown, 1635-6, type 3a

(1); tun, 1636-8, type 3a (2); small XII, square shield, type 42 (1); large XII, square shield, type 43 (1); anchor to r, 1638-9, type 43 (2); anchor to 1, type 43 (1); triangle, 1639-40, type 4'1 (4); triangle in circle, 1641-3, type 44

(12) 26

b 8835 e e

408 T W O C O I N H O A R D S O F T H E

No. of Speci-mens

124-30 Sixpences, oval shield, i.m. tun, 1636-8, type 3a (1); square shield, triangle, 1639-40, type 42 (1); type 43 (1); triangle in circle, 1641-3, type 43, mis-struck obv. (1); type 43 (1); type 43, obv. i.m. from faulty die (2) . . 7

SCOTTISH Charles I 131 Thirty-shilling piece by Falconer. Second issue with F below horse. I.m.

thistle (1638-41). Burns No. 38 1

SPANISH AMERICAN Period of Philip III (1598-1621) (?) 132 Eight reals or dollar. Mint uncertain, probably Potosi. Badly struck and

with very little of inscription surviving. Obv. square shield of royal arms with Leon and Castile in first quarter. Rev. alternating lion and castle in ornamental cartouche . . . . . . . . . 1

Total 132

GORTALOWRY TOWNLAND, Cookstown, Co. Tyrone, 1959 Since the above account was written for publication a second apparently

much smaller hoard of the same period has turned up some twelve miles distant from the first on the outskirts of Cookstown (Irish Grid Ref. H814. 772; O.S. 6 in. Tyrone sheet 38). The coins were in the soil at the base of a small outcrop of limestone rock, in a little spinney of thorns, a hiding place easy to identify but relatively well concealed from inquisitive eyes.

It was the farmer's son, James Wylie, who found the pieces and through a friend informed the Belfast Museum, his principal discovery having taken place on 27 March 1959. Mr. F. J. Falkiner, Assistant Secretary to the Ministry of Finance, in company with the writer, visited the site and learned from Mr. Wylie that two coins, probably shillings, had been found on a previous occasion but these could not now be traced. Those produced con-sisted of 2 Elizabeth I shillings, 1 James I shilling, 1 Charles I shilling, and an Elizabethan sixpence dated 1565. The Coroner of the district was informed but did not consider an inquest necessary. As treasure trove the coins were handed over to the Ministry of Finance, and the find was reported to the Ancient Monuments Council on 15 April 1959.

On 30 April, while digging in the ground close to the position of the original find, Mr. Wylie turned up six further coins. They consisted of an Elizabeth I shilling and a Charles I shilling, an Elizabeth I sixpence, two Charles I six-pences, and an Irish shilling of James I. These were also duly reported to the Coroner who pronounced them part of the original concealment and the Ministry took possession of them. A reward, amounting to £4, was duly paid to the finder for the eleven pieces.

The coins may be part of a larger hoard, like that from Drumenagh, or merely a purseful. In any case they have been much disturbed and it is not unlikely that originally they were concealed in a crevice of the rock face. However that may be, they appear to be a typical deposit of the early period

HOARDS OF THE R E B E L L I O N P E R I O D (1641-9) F R O M U L S T E R 409

of the Rebellion since the wear on the earlier silver contrasts markedly with the freshness of the Caroline pieces, the latest initial-mark on a shilling and sixpence of which is 'triangle' (1639-40).1 The two coins, found in the same spot some three or four years earlier and now mislaid, have not been identi-fied with any certainty but from remarks made by Mr. Wylie they may have been worn shillings of Elizabeth I.

D E T A I L E D L I S T OF G O R T A L O W R Y H O A R D

ENGLISH Elizabeth I (1558-1603) 1-3 Shillings, i.m. cross-crosslet, 1558-61 (1); martlet, 1560-1 (1); key, 1595-8

(1) 3 4, 5 Sixpences, i.m. rose, 1565 (1); key, 1598 (1) 2

James I (1603-25)

6 Shilling, 2nd coinage, 3rd bust, i.m. rose, 1605 . . . . . 1

Charles I (1625-49), coins all of Tower Mint 7, 8 Shillings, oval shield, CR either side, i.m. portcullis, 1633-4, type 31 (1);

square shield, i.m. triangle, 1639^10, type 4" (1) 2 9, 10 Sixpences, square shield, i.m. tun, 1636-8, type 41 (1); i.m. triangle, 1639-

40, type 43 (1) 2

IRISH James I 11 Shilling, 2nd coinage, as 4th bust of English coinage, i.m. rose, 1605 . 1

Total 11

A P P E N D I X I

S O M E P U B L I S H E D H O A R D S O F T H E P E R I O D 1640-62 F O U N D I N I R E L A N D

Abbreviations B.N.J. = British Numismatic Journal N.C. = Numismatic Chronicle J.R.S.A.I. = Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland (formerly the Transac-

tions of the Kilkenny Archaeological Society) U.J.A. = Ulster Journal of Archaeology C.I. = A View of the Coinage of Ireland (Cork, 1839)

1. 1825. At Fethard, Co. Tipperary, a leaden box containing a number of gold coins and some silver of Charles I. also a crucifix (J.R.S.A.I. iv (1856-7), 49).

2.2 1837. In neighbourhood of Fethard, Co. Tipperary, several hundred silver and a few gold coins, the silver almost all of the reign of Charles I, princi-pally half-crowns with a few of James I, the gold mostly Spanish; most of the coins composing the hoard were 'extremely common and un-interesting' (Lindsay, C.I. (1839), 135).

1 H. A. Seaby, Notes, &c., 69; G. C. Brooke, English Coins (1932), 211. 2 It is possible that hoards 1 and 2 are the same and that there is confusion in the date of

discovery.

476 T W O C O I N H O A R D S O F T H E

3. 1835. Fountainstown, near Cork, a parcel of brass siege coins were found. They are of square form and appear to have been struck at Cork and Youghal about the year 1646; they all fell into the hands of the late Mr. Leyburn (Lindsay, C.I. (1839), 134).

4. 1840. Near Belfast, a gold coin (pistole) marked on both sides, 4 dwt. 7 gr., supposed to have been struck by Lord Inchiquin. In the collection of James Carruthers (U.J.A. i (1853), 164).

5. 1850. Near Belfast. About this time 5 similar coins (gold pistoles) discovered. Two were in the cabinet of Sir Montague Chapman, Bart., and another in the possession of Dr. Aquilla Smith of Dublin (U.J.A. i (1853), 164).

6. 1846. Near Ballymena, Co. Antrim, 50 coins. Elizabeth I, James I and Charles I, all of which were in poor condition (? clipped) (U.J.A. i (1853), 166).

7. 1846. Near Belfast, early in May of this year were found a few ounces of silver coins of Charles I and one Scottish shilling of James I (U.J.A. i (1853), 166).

8. 1850. Near Belfast, 120oz. of coins of Charles I, all in poor condition (J.R.S.A.I. iv (1856-7), 50).

9. 1855. Lady Dover's Cottages, Castle Ellis Road, near Gowran, Kilkenny. Mr. B. Taylor reports that Patrick Hanlon while digging potatoes struck a rotten box which broke to pieces revealing 500 silver coins. Taylor saw only 50: 12 Elizabeth I Is., no dates; 14 Elizabeth I 6d., 1561, 3, 5, 9, 71, 5, 81, 7, 92, 1602; 9 James I Is., undated; 4 James I 6d., 1603, 4, 5 ,11; 9 Charles I l.v., four varieties undated; 2 Spanish dollars (J.R.S.A.I. iii (1854-5), 374).

10. 1904. Galway Courthouse. A total of 8 coins as follows: 2 Edward VI Is.; 1 James I 6d.; 1 Charles I 2s. 6d.; 1 Charles I l.y. Irish: 2 Henry VIII 4d.; 1 Spanish dollar (clipped), period Philip II-IV. All in Nat. Mus., Dublin (B.N.J, xxvii (1955), 215).

11. Undated Paddinstown, 7 miles from Mullingar, Co. Westmeath, 700 coins mostly (c. 1911) shillings and sixpences of Edward VI, Mary, Elizabeth I, James I, and

Charles I; 320 were acquired by James Tuite, Mullingar, the rest by a man living near Rathconrath. Most in good condition, the remainder con-siderably rubbed and very much clipped. Found closely packed about 2 feet from surface and had been wrapped in cloth (J.R.S.A.I. xli (1912), 67).

12. 1911. Near Crumlin, Co. Antrim, early in March, 95 English coins in rabbit burrow, all silver, 2s. fit/., I .v., and 6 d. of Elizabeth I, James I, and Charles I. Beyond this it has been impossible to obtain any information (B.N.J, viii (1912), 363-4).

13. pre-1911. Co. Armagh. A somewhat similar discovery made a few years before, the coins inspected being of the same reigns and denominations as no. 12. The condition indicated they had been in circulation (B.N.J, viii (1912), 361-4).

14. 1912. Abbeylands, near Castledermot, Co. Kildare; found 26 March in stone-ware jar about 2 feet down in moory soil 226 coins from Edward VI to Charles I, including 1 Scottish and 55 Spanish, French, and other foreign coins. For details see Appendix II (J.R.S.A.I. xlii (1913), 70 and B.N.J. ix (1913), 415-16).

15. 1913. Camolin, Co. Wexford, found during ploughing in the springtime in a solid mass of clay (very discoloured). Total 77 coins with face value of 805. from Edward Vl-Charles I (R) = 1644. See Appendix II (B.N.J, x (1914), 315-18).

16. 1921. Abbeylands, Navan, Co. Meath, found on 17 June during the cleaning out of a ditch in a black-glazed crock 29 coins of Edward VI to Charles I, and a further find of 446 additional coins belonging to the same hoard, Edward VI to Charles I, 3 Scottish and 12 Spanish. Deposit after 1645. See Appendix II (J.R.S.A.I. li (1921), 78-79 and 179-80, also lii, 88).

17. 1928. Templemichael, on road from Longford to Granard about half-mile from

HOARDS OF THE R E B E L L I O N P E R I O D (1641-9) F R O M U L S T E R 411

former, found on 28 May by workmen removing bank on road, 218 coins in group and probably originally in bag about 18 inches down and a few feet out into a field. Elizabeth I to Charles I with Scottish merk, 3 of Spain and Netherlands and 9 cob dollars. Mostly clipped and even the most recent ones worn so perhaps deposited later than the introduction of milled currency. See Appendix II (J.R.S.A.I. lix (1929), 183).

18. 1931. Ballyconagan, Rathlin, Co. Antrim, 101 coins found in June, near mouth of rabbit hole. N o coroner's inquest, but purchased by the Ministry of Finance where they are now held. Identified at the BM, Mary to Charles I and 2 Irish shillings. Latest initial-mark: star (1640-1). See Appendix II (U.J.A. v (1942), 66) Inf. Anc. Mon. Council, Ministry of Finance, N.I.

19. 1942. Ballinasloe, Co. Galway. Total 321. Edward VI to Charles I with 1 Irish sixpence and 13 fragments of Spanish dollars. See Appendix II. National Museum, Dublin (B.N.J, xxvii (1955), 214).

20. 1944. Templetuohy, Co. Tipperary. Total 5. Elizabeth I 1,j. (1), Charles I 2s. 6d. (3) and Blacksmith's 2s. 6d. Nat. Mus. Dublin (B.N.J, xxvii (1955), 215).

21. 1945. Gortnahilta, Co. Mayo. Total 6. Elizabeth I 6d. (1); James I l.y. (1); Charles I l.y. (2) and clipped Spanish dollars (2). National Museum, Dublin (B.N.J, xxvii (1955), 215).

22. 1947/8. Near Portarlington, Co. Leix, over 100 gold coins, 6 being Irish pistoles not dated but c. 1646. The rest of the deposits was composed of English, Scottish, French, Spanish, and Italian coins, 99 being gold and 5 silver, mostly hammered. They were discovered by several local men and boys in a bracken-covered sandhill at three or more dates. It has been suggested that the coins were hidden during the Cromwellian period, the latest pieces being Commonwealth unites (2) and double crown dated 1651. National Museum, Dublin. (Information from Dr. William O'Sullivan.)

23. Undated. Rannyhual, Co. Donegal. Total 34 coins. Philip and Mary to Charles I. See Appendix II. National Museum, Dublin (B.N.J, xxvii (1955), 214).

24. Undated. Deramfield, Co. Cavan. Total 14 coins from Philip and Mary to Charles I and including 4 cob dollars. See Appendix II. National Museum, Dublin (B.N.J, xxvii (1955), 214).

25. 1955. Carrigtwohill, Co. Cork. Total 58 coins, from Elizabeth I to Charles I, found on a farm at Barryscourt, between Cork and Middleton, while rabbiting in a bank. There was no container. See Appendix II. National Museum, Dublin (N.C. xv (1955), 247-9).

26. 1955. Drumenagh, near Magherafelt, Co. Derry. Found in field during trench-ing 132 coins from Philip and Mary to Charles I including Scottish 30s. piece and Spanish-American dollar. See Appendix II and this report. A.M.C., Min. of Finance, N.I. (Belfast News-Letter, 5 May 1955.)

27. 1959. Gortalowry, Cookstown, Co. Tyrone. Total (to date) of 11 coins from Elizabeth I to Charles I. See Appendix II and this report. A.M.C., Ministry of Finance, N.I.

A P P E N D I X I I : A N A L Y S I S O F

Countries and Rulers Den

omin

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or V

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s

Abb

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. Kild

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Cam

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, Co

. W

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Nav

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Co. M

eath

(1

921)

Tem

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Co.

Long

ford

(1

928)

Bally

cona

gan,

Ra

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Isla

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(193

1)

I r i s h : Elizabeth I . Is.

James I 1 s. A ,, . . . 6 d. 7 1 Charles I:

Inchiquin 2s. 6d. 3 1

Ormonde 5s. 2

, i » 2s. 6d. 2

»» • 6 d. 1 3

(Confed. Cath.) Blacksmith's . 2s. 6d. 1

S c o t t i s h : James VI: Merk 13s. Ad. Is. 3 HI

„ \ Merk 3j. Ad. •id. 1

Charles I: 30s. . 2s. 6d. 1

E n g l i s h : Edward VI. \s. 2 2 2

» 6 d. 2

Mary alone Ad.

Philip and Mary . \s. 2

6 d. 2

Elizabeth I . \s. 31 44 52 30f 33

,, . * . 6d. 85* 193 103§ 28 ,, . . . Ad. 1 ,, . . . 3d. 1 James I 2s. 6d. 3t 1 „ . . . \s. 9 18 44 14 16 ,, . . . 6 d. 10 23 9 4 Charles I . 2s. 6d. 6t 2 29d lot 1 ,, . . . \s. 9t 1 1 ( h ) 79( r ) 31 l i s

» 6 d. 6+ 1 8 t / c 4

S p a n i s h , e t c . : Dollar (8 reals) i Dollar (4 „ ) i „ (2 „ )

As. 6d. 2s. 3d. Is. lid.

8 4 ) '

F o r e i g n : Miscellaneous 10** 3

Totals . 226 77 474 218 101

* One milled, four very worn. f Much clipped. § Seventeen of these clipped and worn, not identified with certainty. || Recorded as shilling of James V (Scotland). ** Possibly two English coins of Philip and Mary included in these.

E L E V E N I R I S H H O A R D S (c. 1640-62) B

allim

sloe

, Co

. Gal

way

C1

942)

Carr

igtw

ohill

, Co

. Co

rk

(195

5)

Dru

men

agh,

Co

. Der

ry

(195

5)

Gor

talo

wry

, Co

. Tyr

one

(195

9)

Rann

yhua

l, Co

. D

oneg

al

(und

ated

)

Der

amfie

ld,

Co.

Cava

n (u

ndat

ed)

Total Percentage

1 1 0 0 6

1 8 0 - 4 8

2 1 11 0 - 6 6

4 0 - 2 4

2 0 - 1 2

2 0 - 1 2

4 0 - 2 4

1 0 - 0 6

4 0 - 2 4

1 0 - 0 6

1 2 0 - 1 2

1 7 0 - 4 2

1 3 0 - 1 8

3 0 - 1 8

3 2 3 1 11 0 - 6 6

1 3 0 - 1 8

5 7 1 0 1 8 3 8 2 2 8 8 1 7 - 2 8

1 6 1 2 4 4 7 2 5 1 6 4 9 3 8 - 9 4

1 0 - 0 6

2 3 0 - 1 8

4 0 - 2 4

3 9 3 1 5 1 6 1 1 6 6 9 - 9 6

1 3 1 3 4 1 6 8 4 - 0 8

3 1 1 2 t / c 3 1 6 8 4 - 0 8

2 2 3 2 6 t / c 2 t 3 3 2 0 0 1 2 - 0 0

6 1 7 T / c 2 t 1 4 5 2 - 7 0

1 3 4 3 1

L 4 | 9 2 5 - 5 2

2 1 5 0 - 9 0

3 2 1 5 8 1 3 2 11 ( + 2 ) 3 4 1 4 1 , 6 6 6 9 9 - 9 6

T = to i.m. triangle 1639-40. s = to i.m. star 164041. t / c = to i.m. triangle in circle 1641-3. (r) = to i.m. (r) 1644-5. d = includes one Declaration piece 1645.

414 H O A R D S O F T H E R E B E L L I O N P E R I O D (1641-9) F R O M U L S T E R

O T H E R T O T A L S A N D P E R C E N T A G E S OF THE E L E V E N

H O A R D S A N A L Y S E D ABOVE

Countries of origin (to nearest 0-5 per cent.) Total Percentage

England 1,519 91-0 Ireland 33 2-0 Scotland 7 0-5 Foreign (mostly Spain) 107 6-5

1,666 1000

Coin Values Crown 2 0-12 Half-crown (including Scottish 30s.) 81 4-86 Shilling (including Scottish 13s. Ad.) 685 41-10 Sixpence 783 46-98 Fourpence . . . . . . . . . 4 0-24 Threepence (including Scottish 3s. Ad.) . . . . 4 0-24 Foreign denominations (not assessed) 107 6-42

1,666 99-96

Reigns Edward VI (6 years approx.) 10 0-60 Mary, including Philip (5 years approx.) . . . . 17 1-02 Elizabeth I (45 years approx.) 942 56-52 James I (22 years approx.) 262 15-72 Charles I, including Confed. Catholic (24 years approx.) . 328 19-68 Foreign, not assessed (50 years at least) . . . . 107 6-42

1,666 99-96

TWO COIN HOARDS OF THE REBELLION PERIOD (1641-9) FROM ULSTER