CHAPTER 5

(A) PAGADBANDALI

fntroduction

It made headlines in Mumbai and Pune when a Puneri

Pagadband made a vermillion and golden 'pheta' for Prince

Charles on his second wedding in the year 2005. This was being

presented by the tiffinwallas of Mumbai who were visited by the

Prince.

Wearing a padgi and even until 1950 a cap was very usual

for all communities. Most of our leaders like Ranade, Gokhale,

Nehru, Sawarkar, all wore different types of pagdis or caps.

Since every community had a different type of pagdi or turban

there was a great demand to prepare such turbans, pagdis or

caps. Even the colour of the silk of a pagdi indicated the

profession of the wearer. It was socially inappropriate to leave

the house without a cap or a turban upto 1930-1940 in India.

Today only in the rural areas this custom is still followed.

Awarding or presenting a pagdi with the 'Shirpech' or thejewelled ornament on the pagdi was considered a very big honour

in the olden days. AIso exchanging t}'e pagdis was considered a

great act of friendship. Handing over one's pagdi to the invader

was considered an act of submission. Pagdi had in other words

great social importance and :l place of pride in the society. Itprovided a protection from the harsh sun and could conceal the

helmet if necessary. Jiretop or helmet was worn under an

ornamental turban even by Chhatrapati Shivaji on many

occasions.

All the above history indicates the importance of the pagd,i

or turban makers' profession to the citizen of any Indian city.Pune, the city of Peshwas is still famous for its peshwai puneri

Pagdi which is presented to aII the important visitors to this city.It is still considered a present feat even for a king.

Pune is the second most important city in Maharashtra.The city is distinctly divided into the older half, where the

Iocalities have been named after the days of the week likeSomwar Peth, Mangalwar Peth, Budhwar peth, etc.

The area considered for formulating redevelopment scheme

forms the part of Budhwar Peth which is a congested. Gavthan

area of Pune city. Pagadband Ali is part of this Budhwar peth.

The extent of Pagadband Ali is from Budhwar chowk toMoti chowk. The area is surounded by Laxmi Road to southShivaji Road to West and Bagade Road to the east.

The Pagadband AIi is spread over an area about 2.64 }Ja.and is one of the small alis. It is connected with a profession ofturban makers which is quite a small profession.

History & Morpholosy

Pagadband AIi comprises parts of Budhwar peth. Buttoday, the name Pagadband AIi is obsolete. In olden days,

particularly in the Peshwai period the pagad,i had a great

importance. In that period different types of pagad,les clearlyindicated the profession which one pursued and one's level ordesignation. while honouring the noble's achievements thepagadi had great importance.

About 150 years back (rs50 A.D.) there were about rE to 2oreputed shops of. pagadi making. There are various types ofpagadis made in these shops like the Maharashtrian, Gujarati,Rajasthani pagdi. Equipment required in the trade consisted ofpairs of scissors, needles, threads and cardboards, etc. The rawmaterial used were silk and cotton cloth, and gold and silverthread or lace stitching was done by hand. In inferior kinds ofturbans linen was used. The work was done mainly by men,though women were occasionally employed to do the roughstitching.

In 1937, there were 12 concerns engaged in the making ofturbans of these, nine were in Budhwar peth, two in shukrawarPeth and one in Kasba Peth. These were small establishmentsand served also as shops to sell. The average monthly productionof each of the two concerns sampled for survey was 800 turbanscosting approximately Rs. 900 each, and the monthly profits ofeach concern came roughly to Rs. 45 each. Most of the materialsrequired were bought locally.

Recording the existence and extent of pagadband Ali is byfar the most important step in the changing social andmorphological environment of pune City.

Most of today's generation will be even unaware thatbarely five decades ago people of pune knew this area asPagadband AIi. Today, it is * memory for a few families andpeople who carried out that profession.

Being a very important element of the men,s dress code theskill of a Pagadband was also admired and a few shops and a fewfamilies were specially favoured by the customers.

Decline of the profession is in itself a rare occurrence. Buttotal decline of a profession or a trade is very rare. This is whathas happened to Pagadbands and pagadband Ali and hence itsstudy is of significance in urban evolution.

In olden days Pagadband Ali was mainly a cloth andturban market. Slowly this cloth market was shifted to LaxmiRoad and the turban shops declined in number. The place ofcloth market was taken over firstly by few electric shops. Slowly,the market grew in the city and nowadays majority of shops are

of electric and electronic equipment. The other types of shops inthis area are footwear shops, cycle shops, cloth shops, twofabrication workshops, two perfume and Agarbatti shops, etc.

Today we do not have any record of this important gradualtransition fro Pagadband cloth shops to the electrical andelectronic shops. If someone had done this recording it wouldhavebeenofgreatinterestforurbanmorphology*.-.D.'"re

/'-YPasodya Vithoba Mandir ,{fri t;'*r; r'r

'l(\__"This is the Hindu Religious place. In olden days trrffi{SgMandir was the major lanclmark of the area were people

gathered for bhajan and kirt<tn. The surrounding area of thetemple is utilised for selling of pasodya that is Ghongad.i(woollen blankets). so the place is known as pasodya vithobaMandir. Although the temple is situated centrally in the road itis preserved because of cultural and heritage value. pasodya orsimple woollen blankets was a major accessory for the common

man in the city.

Most of the commercial area is scattered along both sides ofPagadband Ali and there are about 100 to 12b small and big

shops. The shops today mainly comprise of electrical appliances,cloths, footwear, etc.

Work/Activity Area of Paeadi Makine

Nowadays there are no turban (pasadi) making shops. Butin 1937, there were Lz concerns engaged in the making ofturbans. of these, nine were in Budhwar, two in shukrawar andone in Kasba. These were small establishments and served also

as shops to sell. The equipme.nt required in the trade consisted

of pairs of scissors, needles, threads and card board.s, etc. Theraw materials used were silk and cotton cloth, and gold and

silver threads or lace. stitching was done by hand,. In theinferior kinds of turbans linen was used. The work was done bymen though women were occasionally employed to do roughstitching.

Most of the materials required were bought locally but forspecial work material from far was utilised.

Earlier the procurement process for the raw material was

also quite elaborate. chinese silk was specially brought alongwith jari made specially for the tussels or Zilmirya from Surat.Rajasthani minakars and Kwadan workers prepared theShirpech for the turbans.

The structures along Pagadband AIi are like raw house

type. They get light and ventilation from front street and rearside. some old structures are built with typical courtyardplanning so that it can serve as ventilation (light and air) source

for deeper rooms. The plinth height of structure is about 0.6 m.

Most of the structure has only one access road.

Existins Land Use

The area under the influence of Pagadband AIi is about

2.64 }:a. The road facing part of structures are in the use ofcommercial activities such as electric and electronic appliances,

shops, cloth shops, footwear, perfume and Agarbatti shops,

fabrication workshops, etc. The shopping is of retain as well as

wholesale types.

The rear part and upper floors of structure are mostly

under residential use.

Nowadays there is change of land use taking place.

Because of congested area and much more pollution, rich people

are moving out from this part of the city and hence they are

using the upper floor of shops as godown.

The approximate land use analysis is as below:

Sr.No. Land use Area in ha. %6 of totalarea

1

2

3

4

o

CommerciaVReside ntial

Residential

Amenities

Transportation

Open Space

1.48

0.30

o.22

0.38

o.26

56.06

11.36

8.33

14.40

9.85

Total 2.64 100

Amenities in the Area

The Bharat High school is situated on all Prarthana samaj

Road and estabhished in 1922. The school is up to L2th Stand.ard.

The approximate strength of the school is about 1000. Another

nursery school is run by the Bhandarkar Saaj Mandir. There is a

union Bank located on Prarthana samaj Road. The BhandarkarSamaj Mandir is a meeting place of the Bhandarkar Samaj

(community). Every sunday there are social and cultural

activities of this community. Another community is the Namdeo

shimpi community. Their Samaj Mandir is situated in front of

Bharat High School. Activities are going on every Sunday and

on holidays in this Samaj Mandir of Namdeo Shimpi community.

Utility & Services

After surveying this area there is a 35cm municipal linepassing underground through Pagadband Ali. Along this water

line three fire hydrants are provided at a distance of about BOm

for fire fighting purpose. There is a municipal sewer line 91cm

running parallel to the road and connected to the main sewer

Iine at Moti chowk along passing Bagade Road. Manholes are

provided at a distance of 30m. other facilities like storm water

drain, dust-bin, public urinals are not proper.

The overhead electric lines create nuisance for the dwellers

who live in upper floors. The electric lines run very close to

structures which also creates difficulty for shop owners to

renovate shopping fagade. There is also a underground

telephone line running parallel to road.

The existing road width ranges from 4 to 8m. Due to heavy

commercial activity in this area, there is heavy traffi.c congestion.

The main reason for traffic congestion is road side perpendicular

parking, loading and unloading. The road from Budhwar chowkto Moti Chowk is of one way traffic. Prarthana samaj Road is of5.5m width. This road is less traffic volume. The road side

parking creates bottlenecks in transportation network and is the

main traffic hazard.

The road area as per existing land use survey is about

r4.4%.

Hand cart is the other vehicle which causes congestion and

delaying of traffic, which moves slowly and blocks the following

vehicles. Another reason of traffic jam is due to tempo which is

used for loading and unloading activities in this area.

We observed the tendency of some of the shop owners that

they parked their own vehicles or at least a hand cart in front of

their shops and block the area, so that while loading and

unloading operation they can utilize that area by removing theirown vehicles. This creates major problem to outsiders who do

not find any free area to park their vehicle.

There are no pedestrian lanes such as foot path along the

road, so they use the main traffic lane, which creates difficulty inmaneuvering the vehicles which also leads the congestion of

traffic.

Sr.No. Description No. of PCUvehicles/hr Factor

PCU Yo toTotalPCU

I2

3

Two wheelers

Cycles

Jeep, Cars,

Rickshaws

Tempo

Hand Carts

585

500

490

40

3

0.5

0.5

1.0

3.0

6.0

293

250

490

I20

18

25.O2

2I.35

41.85

ro.25

L.54

4

5

Total ILTI 100.00

Aesthetic Survey

The old houses are of brick and timber construction.Traditional and colonial woodwork exists in the area. Talkingabout aesthetics in Pagadband Ali, we have seen some ofstructures which are in a very good condition even after such along period. The buildings which are mainly planned for mixIand use (residential and commercial) are of courtyard. typeplanning, a central courtyard serving as light and ventilationsource for deeper rooms.

According to Kevin Lynch technique the aesthetic survey iscarried out.

Path: The major path i' this area is the vitthal MandirPath which runs from Budhwar Chowk to Moti Chowk.

The minor paths are Prarthana samaj Road, cholkhan AIiPath. etc.

Node: The two major nodes Budhwar Chowk and MotiChowk are well known in this area. At Budhwar Chowk, VitthalMandir Road crosses the Shivaji Road and at Moti Chowk,

Vitthal Mandir Path crosses the Bagade Road.

Landmark: The Pasodya Vithoba Mandir kis the major

Iandmark of the Pagadband Ali area and it is renovated from

time to time.

There are two main structures that is Maruti Mandir and

Vitthal Mandir which are historically important and require to

be conserved. There are few timber framed structures

constructed in about L92O to 1925 which are aestheticallv

pleasant and beautiful to look at.

The Pasodya Vithoba Mandir

and has been renovated from time

importance.

Buldine Typology

the Pagadband AIi area

time and is of aesthetic

of

to

Age and condition of structure: The structures are mostly

of typical old pattern with ground floor under commercial use

and the upper floors for residential use. The age of the

structures range from 15 to 90 years. The old structures are load

bearing type, constructed with timber framed structure. Brick

work is used extensively within the timber frame. Timber

material used is Shisam, Sag and Deodar. The walls are made

up of patterned bricks with pointing or plastering on the exterior.

Many of them are in a dilapidated condition.

Age of Building Percentage

Above 90

Above 60

Below 30

Under Construction

77.75

5.05

13.56

3.87

Social & Economic Survey

The economic condition of the dwellers is quite good.

Majority of the cloth market is shifted to Laxmi Road and the

shops have been replaced with electrical and electronic

appliances shops. Most of the new shop owners are not

Maharashtrians but are Sindhis, Sardarjis, Gujaratis, etc.

Sardarjis and Sindhis are the communities which are

dominant in the electrical business, whereas the earlier

Pagadbands were mostly Maharashtrians. This also indicates

both a shift in the ownership of the shops and the displacement

of the original Maharashtrian traders and craftsmen.

The income of shop owners is as follows:

Nature of Business Approx. MonthlyIncome

1. Electricals and electronic shops

2. Cloth shops

3. Perfume and Agarbatti shops

4. Other shops

Rs. 50,000 to 75,000

Rs. 20,000 to 30,000

Rs. 10,000 to 15,000

Rs. 5,000 to 10,000

The dwellers are either employed in the shops or are

working in other area. Their income level is also satisfactory. As

per the details available from the census record of ward L22 and,

the proportionate area of the Pagadband AIi, it is concluded

that-

Area of Pagadband Ali is 2.64 ha.

2677 persons.Present population is =

Information through Interviews

A few people were interviewed in the Budhwar Peth-

Pagadband Ati area. They clezrrly indicated that the profession of

Pagadi has been discontinued near the Vitthal Mandir for the

past twenty years. This is primarily because of lack of demand

for any kind of head gear.

The major problem faced by the residents and shopkeepers

is of congestion. They told us that in the peak hours of the day,

i.e. 9.00 am to 12.00 noon and from 5.00 pm to 7.00 pm there is a

heavy traffic on the road and great congestion. It also creates

problem of noise pollution, air pollution, etc. Because of

insufficient width of road there is a problem of loading and

unloading of goods. Here it needs to be mentioned that when

this road served as Pagadband AIi it was primarily a pedestrian

road and hence the new use of electrical and electronic shops has

created the problem. There is sufficient water supply of 135 litresper day, but because of low pressure of water, water does not rise

on the upper floors of the building. One of the owners

interviewed indicated that the business also gets affected

because of the discontinuity of electric supply. There is a regular

load shedding of two to three hours everyday. In aII four people,

namely, Mr Yadav, Mr Patil, Mr Deshmukh and Mr Raut, were

interviewed.

Income & Expenditure

Total income of Pune City is generally around Rs. 80,488

Iac, of which 33% is spent on establishment and 67Yo (Rs. 20,893

Iac) on infrastructural development and maintenance for L24

wards of the City, i.e. Rs. 164.50 lac per ward.

Pagadband Ali forms part of Municipal Ward No. 122. Out

of total expenditure per ward, i.e. Rs. 164.50 lac 3O%o (Rs. 49.35

Iac) is used for various utility services, civic amenities,

development proposal implementation, NaIa training and

cleaning, maintenance of road, etc.

Findings & Conclusions

1. The area is highly congested and densely populated.

2. There are bottlenecks on the road and parking of various

vehicles reduces the road width which is available for

movement of vehicles.

3. No dedicated parking area is available in this part of the

city.

4. The area is totally devoid of open spaces, trees and

vegetation.

5. Internal narrow passages in the building act as main

sources of light and ventilation.

6. Light and ventilation to inner part of the houses is very

poor because the width of the plot is very narrow.

7. Services are inadequate. Water is supplied only two hours

in the morning and two hours in the evening.

8. Overhead electrical wires are a big nuisance and also mar

the aesthetics.

CHAPTER 5

(B) STATIONERY ALI

Introduction

The social life in a typical Indian city revolved around two

important aspects of life, the religious aspect of life and the

worldly or that of the vocation. The vocational training and life

was almost always hereditary. The sons and daughters carried

on the duties and acquired the skills from their parents. The

wife of a blacksmith would attend to the "bhata" (bellows),

whereas the daughters would do it when they were bigger. The

sons helped the fathers in the heavier jobs and works such as

hammering on t}re "airan" (anvil).

Today's need for formal vocational training did not exist in

the traditional Indian town or village because the family did that

job for the next generation. It was indeed rare for a member

from one profession or trade to switch to something totally new.

The only change would be in a parallel or allied profession. For

example, a coppersmith's son, if he were skilled in making

engraved dishes, would upgrade himself to work in silver as a

silversmith.

The various survey data presented covers information that

is gathered over a long period of time and because of the recent

rapid social economic and physical changes in the City of Pune

many observations are already not existing or are likely tovanish or change by the time this document is finalised.

Because of the changes in the development control rules

and introduction of Transfer of Development Rights (T.D.R.) etc.

many old olis and. Peths have undergone major changes in their

physical form. Also the industrial growth has changed the

employment structure.

Pune was the administrative seat of power during the

Peshwa period, however, after the British rule its character

changed from administration to Pensioners' Town and an

ed.ucational centre. This is evident by the excellent schools,

Nutan Marathi vidyalaya, etc. and colleges like Fergusson

College, S.P. College, Wadia College, etc.

Pune today is a well-known education centre. AII the

educational articles, books, stationery needed for the students for

their studies are available at Stationery Ali (Appa Balwant

Chowk) area. We get all the above material required for the

study everywhere in the city. But the main place where you get

books for schools and colleges is Appa Balwant Chowk.

Appa Balwant Chowk has long history of its development.

The Appa Balwant Chowk name was given to the area after the

Iate freedom fighter Balwant Vasudeo Phadke. About 70 years

ago Appa Balwant Chowk (A.B.C.) was an important commercial

area. AII variety shops like those of grocery, clothes, daily needs,

etc. were located there. But soon they were gone and they

started running bakeries. Within a few years the bakeries were

also closed, as there was not rnuch scope for that business. Later

shops such as printing presses, booksellers started locating here.

But in a few years the printing presses also declined. Now there

are onl5r two or three printing presses and rest of all the shops

are of book-sellers, articles of stationery, etc. This evolved the

Stationerv AIi of Pune and was named as such by Pune citizens

who named, areas after some profession. However, this name did

not become popular like Tambat Ali, Dane Ali, etc'

History & Mornholoey

History

As Pune has for long been a centre of education there was a

stable and growing demand of the services of printing, stamp

making and book binding est:rblishments. The industry in Pune

is quite old and its beginning goes back to the last century.

In Pune the stationery stores are located aII over the city.

But the main street of stationery lies between Appa Balwant

chowk and Budhwar chowk and also the nearby areas. This

area is accessible from two roads namely, Bajirao Road and

Shivaji Road. Both are today one-way roads. There is no special

aesthetic appeal to this area. But there are two major

Iandmarks in this area, namely "Gramdevata Tambadi

Jogeshwari Mata" and "Shrimant Dagdushet Halwai Ganapati".

Budhwar Ward, approximately 450 mtrs. by 390 mtrs. with

an area of 1,70,000 sq.mtrs. and approximately 6100 people, is

Iocated in the heart of Pune City.

Though the printing press or book binding and other

stationery trades are relatively modern, the structures in which

they were located were until recently those built around 1870 to

1910 and were thus vintage residential structures with shops or

trade areas on the ground floor.

Morphology

Budhwar Ward was founded by the Emperor Aurangzeb in

1690 and was first called Mahujabad. It was afterwards peopled

by Govind shivaram Khasagivala in the time of the Fourth

Peshwa Mad.havrao BalIaI (176I-L772). It is the most peopled

part of the city and has several retail shops. The street was once

very narrow but of Iate many important roads have been

widened.. This has changed many buildings and views of this

area. But it had an intimate scale and human proposition to its

architecture until recent years.

Localities having Traditional Concentration of Stationerlr

Ali

Locality

Th9 main work of stationery concerns printing,

bookbinding, etc. The size of the different establishments and

their mechanical equipment differed to a very large extent.

According to census of establishments there were in all 59

printing presses in the city and a total of Il47 persons were

engaged in them. Of these 16 were in Sadashiv Peth, 10 in

Budhwar, 9 in Shaniwar Peth, 2 each in Shivajinagar, Ganj Peth

and Vetal Peth and one each in Bhavani Peth, Rasta Peth, Nihal

Peth and Vetal Peth.

The whole establishment has been divided into groups on

the basis of the numbers employed in each. The first group

included presses which emp.loyed more than 35 workers each.

The second group included establishments that employed

between 10 and 35 workers each and the third group concern

employing less than 10 workers.

According to census of establishments there were 16

establishments of bookbinders and rulers in the city and 58

people were engaged in them. Of these 6 each were in Budhwar

Peth

Peth

Shaniwar Peth and one each in Sadashiv Peth, Kasba

Nana Peth.

Pune has two markets for the sale of stationery, one in

Budhwar Peth main street and other in the Bohri AIi or Aditwar

main street. These shops seII a mixture of stationery, cutlery

and haberdashery. The business was formerly wholly in the

hands of Bohri but of late a number of Brahmins have opened

stationery and haberdashery shops being easy to manage and

requiring very little training. The binding business, printing

work, setting of papers and other printing equipment was located

in the Stationery AIi area. The bookshops even specialising in

Iaw, medical and engineering, have emerged today in this area.

Locational and traded professional specialisation has shifted over

the years in this zorte.

Work/Activity Area

The main function of these commercial concerns is

printing, stamp making, bookbinding, ruling, etc. the size of the

different establishments and their mechanical equipment

differed to a very large extent. Book stores and other shops have

all recently shifted in this area.

The mechanical equiprnent consists of cylinder printing

machines and treadles, cutting machines, stitching and

perforating machines, etc. The power used to run machines is

electricity. Some of the machines are hand operated. The raw

materials used are paper, ink, type (metal), stationery and

binding materials, etc. Paper is the largest single item of

expenditure and the next comes ink.

and

and

The ruling and the book binding industry is a specialised

branch of the printing industry. The work of this branch is that

of ruling blank papers and repairing old books and binding newly

printed books. Apart from this marriage invitations, leaflets,

posters, etc. are printed here.

The raw materials used in stamp making are rubber,

which is mainly imported from Madhya Pradesh. Plaster of

Paris, whiting and wooden plates are available IocaIIy.

The process of stamp making consists of the following

steps:

1. Composing: Firstly the required words are chosen and

arranged. (This is now changing rapidly.)

Fitting in plates: The composed words are fitted in

plates of the required shape and size. The shapes

commonly used are circular and rectangular. The plates

are also called as moulds which are made up of plaster of

Paris and whiting.

Drying: The moulds are allowed to dry for one to two

minutes in electric Bhatti.

Pressing of rubber: The rubber is pressed on dry plates

and the stamp is ready.

The minimum space required for rubber stamp

manufacturing is 2.lm x 2.hn. These activities are carried out

on the ground floor. The press or workshop is located in the rear

and the sales area is on the road.

2.

3.

4.

The main work carried out in this area is that of binding of

books, registers, stamp making and printing and book selling'

The road. wid.ening is carried out on one side of street that is on

the side where there is temple of Mata Jogeshwari. So most of

the buildings on this side are new. Some of them are on

ownership basis and some on rental basis. On ground floor the

shops are provid.ed and on upper floors there is residence. The

shops consists of roughly two parts, the front part consists of

counter and racks for keeping books and other stationery

material and rear part acts as store along with mezzanitte floor.

Open areas in the rear are also used as work areas.

The shops on the other side were mostly old structures.

These shops are on rental basis and also consists of two

functional parts as in new shops and are with or without

mezzanine floors. This is also the case of the stamp making,

binding and printing press. The arrangement is that the front

part of shop is used for business dealings and the rear part for

actual working. This is the overall picture of typical

establishments in this area. The book stores have their storage

located in the rear.

Land Use Survey

It is seen that there is mixed land use, i.e. commercial on

ground floor and residential on upper floor. Purely commercial

use of land is verv little.

Parking for four wheelers is provided at corner of Budhwar

Chowk and parking for two-wheelers is on street parking

alternately on each side.

There is only one primilry school named "Nutan Marathi

vid.yalaya". The main attraction of this area is "Mata

Jogeshwari Mandir". There are two entertainment centres,

Prabhat cinema and Ratan Cinema, each at one chowk, Appa

Balawant chowk and Budhwar chowk. There is no park,

playground or open space provided in this area'

Description Percentage

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Residential use

Mixed use

Commercial use

Public use

Road

Total

30

40

10

4

16

100

Amenities in the Area

AII types of amenities like education, health and

commercial shops and entertainment centres exist in this area.

There is one primary school named "Nutan Marathi Vidyalaya".

In this area no big hospital exists but health facility is

provided by four clinics and three medical stores. The more well

known temple of "Shri Tambadi Jogeshwari" is situated here and

one temple of Venkateshwar is also in this area. The social and

commercial facilities are provided by one bus stop provided by

Pune Municipal Transport. There are three grocery shops. As

the main function of this street is provided stationery facility,

this is fulfilled by 17 general and stationery shops, 57 book stalls,

27 stamp makers, printing presses, binding shops and small

scale industries. Along with this basic function the other in

general need.s are fulfiIled by 15 electrical and electronics shops,

four Xerox and typing centres, nine lottery stalls, three pan

shops, three bakeries and one milk dairy. One laundry and three

cloth shops, six restaurants and three dining halls, three hair

dressers, two glass d.epots, three shoe shops, four tailoring shops,

two newspaper agencies, two painter's shops, two music

instruments shop and one oil depot. For financial transaction

which is required for smooth working of business there are two

banks in this area. The nearby post office is in the back side of

shaniwar wada. In both the Appa Balwant Chowk and the

Budhwar Chowk there are two cinema theatres, Prabhat and

Ratan, respectively.

Utilities & Services

(a) Water Supply: The water is supplied by P.M.C. Water

Supply Department. the water is supplied through private as

well as public taps. In this area water is supplied by two

systems. Some area has continuous supply and. some area has

intermittent supply as per P.M.C. water supply department

schedule. The supply is through pipes of diameter of 15cm and

7.5cm. For domestic purpose the standard demand is 135

Itrs/capitalday and for commercial purpose the standard demand

is 45 ltrs/capita/day. Since there is mix use, i.e. residential and

commercial in this area the standard demand is about 180

Itrs/capitalday. The water supplied actually by P.M.C. is more

than the demand.

(b) Drainage and Sewerage: For collection of dry refuse,

M.M.C. has provided two dry refuse collection tanks. But it is

observed that these two tanks are insufficient and the sewage

from this area is collected through underground sewer lines

under gravity. Hence, no pumping is required. Suffi'cient

numbers of inspection chambers at junctions, on straight roads

at regular intervals are provided for inspection, cleaning and

repair purpose.

(c) Electricity: The electricity is supplied by M.S.E.B' to

this area. This area is provided with good quality of street

tighting with both side distribution spacing about 30 metres

apart.

Elements of Citv Imase

Element Major Minor

1. Path

2. Nodes

3. Landmark

4. District

5. Edge

Path: The road connecting Shivaji Road and Bajirao Road

named Nakalakar Bhonde Road is major path. The Shivaji Road

and Bajirao Road are the two minor paths in this area.

Edge: There is no well defined edge in this area.

Distinct: District is area with a separate atmosphere.

they are recognisable by common character identity and may be

used as exterior reference if visible from outside.

District name when thematic unity does not establish

striking contacts with other parts of the city then traditional

association of name can play such part. The whole stationery

street represents the district itself. The common characters of

this area are stamp making, printing, book binding and

stationery shops.

Landmark: Landmarks are points of reference. They are

external as well as physical objects as building, etc.

In this area, there are two main landmarks:

1. Gramdevata Shri Tambadi Jogeshwari Mandir

2. Shrimant Dagadushet Halwai Ganapati Mandir.

Nodes: Nodes are the points of strategic spot into which

an observer can enter, there are intensive foci nodes which are

primarily functional.

Theoretically, every ordinary street crossing is a node but

generally it is not sufficiently prominent to the image as more

than incidental crossing of the path the image cannot carry to

many nodal centre.

A strong physical form is not always necessary for a node.

In this area there are

Balwant Chowk and Budhwar

nodes.

Buildine Typoloev

two major nodes, namely Appa

Chowk. And there are four minor

Most of the buildings in Stationery Ali are on ownership

basis. Very few buildings in this area of old type. Majority of

new buildings are of R.C.C. and brick work.

The old buildings were constructed with teak wood

columns and beams. Brick walls with cement mortar were used

as partition walls. The roofing rvvas tited country style. The new

buildings are constructed with R.C.C. frame and brick walls with

cement mortar as partition walls. The old buildings are

congested.ly placed. Nowadays the new style of construction has

apartment flats on upper floor and commercial shops on the

ground. floor. The building typology is clearer by the table given

below:

Age of Building Percentage

Above 90 15

Above 60 25

Above 30 10

Below 30 45

Under Construction 5

TOTAL 1OO

Information through Interview

Persons interviewed from the following shops:

1. V.K. Samak & Co.

2. Venus Book Stall

3. Maharashtra Boo.k Depot

4. Naro Appaji Godbole.

. As the street is main stationery street, the traffic is heavy

causing air pollution and noise pollution.

. Pedestrian way is on only one side causing problem of

pedestrians on the other side.

Pedestrian way is occupied mainly by the hawkers (book

sellers) causing problem for the pedestrians and parking.

Adequate toilets are not provided in the area.

This street connects two one ways and also this street

represents main stationery area in the City. So there is

heavy traffic and road widening is required more often,

hence in the road widening some people have already lost

their land.

Though road widening is carried out the present width of

the road is not sufficient to carry the traffic and parking on

the street further reduces the width of the road.

The shops are taken on rented basis. The shopkeepers

have their residence away from the shops and anywhere in

the city.

Due to loading and unloading congestion occurs.

Adequate water supply of about 240 ltrs capacity is

provided.

Some of the activities have now shifted or have stopped

completely.

Income & Expenditure

The total expenditure of P.M.C. for the Pune City,

according to 1997-98 financial budget was Rs. 350 crore. Out of

this Rs. 150 crore is provided for the development works in the

city, like road widening, renovation of road, road maintenance,

repairing of water supply lines, etc. There are a total 124 wards

under P.M.C. Hence the expenditure

ward is found out as:

for development for each

Expenditure for one ward Total ExpenditureNo. of wards

Rs. 150 crore124

Rs. O.242 crore

Rs. 24,19,354.84

The study area that is Stationery Ali is a part of Ward No.

124. The area occupied by study area is around 2b% of the wardarea. So area-wise the expenditure on study area by P.M.C. is

also equal to 25% of the expenditure of the total ward.

Expenditure for study area

area occupied by study area

Expenditure for ward x %

Rs. 24,L9,354.84 x 0.25

Rs. 30,24,193.55.

1.

Findinss & Conclusions

As this street is mainly stationery area in the city, there is

heavy inflow of traffic in this area. The temple ofGramdevata Tambadi Jogeshwari is also one of the

attraction for citizens. Hence there is traffic congestion on

this street.

The parking for two-wheelers is provided on street parking

alternately, which also restricts the road area used fortraffic.

The footpath is occupied by the street booksellers whichcreates problem for pedestrians.

2.

3.

4- As there is a very heavy traffic flow on this street itproduces heavy sound pollution and air pollution (to thepedestrians and also to the shopkeepers).

5. Public toilets provided are inadequate.

6. Printing and book shops are a highly profit making andvery flourishing business.

7. As the topography of the area is low compared to the otherarea, during rainy season all the water gets collected on

the street, but after some time it gets out throughmanholes which are provided at regular intervals.

8. The entire area is the central part of the old city.

9. some commercial use is in the form of roadside shopping.

10. Area is predominant with mixed land use in the form ofresidential and commercial. etc.

11. Lack ofrecreational open space.

12. Vegetable market is not zrvailable.

13. other shops which include medicar, Xerox, grocery andrestaurants exist.