CHAPTER 4

(A) BOHRr ALr

lntroduction

Bohris are a trading community and they were encouraged

by the Peshwas to settle and to do trade in this area. This was

residue to ensure a regular supply to the armies of the peshwas

and their noble. Bohris had a good connection to the port town ofsurat, Broach, etc. in Gujarat, because they hailed from GujaratState. They could obtain various materials from these ports likeimported sword blades from Portugal or from the French andBritish traders. They also obtained small cannons, Iatest d"esigns

of guns and decorative material like mirrors, Iamps, etc.

Bohris could move through the Moghul rured Gujarat to

the Maratha ruled Pune very easily and bring various supplies

including gun powder, cannon balls of cast iron, etc. This tradehelped them to flourish. Later on they diversified in trade ofpapers, ropes, paints, wax and notebooks, etc. As pune hasgrown the demand for building related materials, tools, pipes,

fittings, etc. has multiplied. The peshwa rule end,ed in 1g1g.

Consequently, the Bohris shifted their original trade in militarysupplies to construction and agriculture related products likepaints, pipes, nettings, fittings, etc.

Today there are many places in pune where there arehardware shops, but the main trad.e and wholesale transactionsin the hardware products and even notebooks and account books

take place in the Bohri AIi.

Unlike the grain market or the vegetable market whichinvolve a very large scale movement of good.s and load.ing andunloading activity, the Bohri AIi trade did not generate heavytraffic. Thus it was not shifted to outer areas like the GultekdiMarket area. In the development of city land use congestion,

parking demand, storage of goods, aII create different need.s and

result in relocation. Bohri Ali has escaped the shifting thoughthe roads do need widening. Bohri AIi is a major trad,e area inthe Pune city and is very important in the morphological study ofthe city.

Bohri Ali has been in existance as part of Raviwar peth

and shukrawar Peth of the Pune city for the last 27o yearc.Bohri AIi forms today with a part of Raviwar peth andshukrawar Peth which is in the congested Gaothan area of thePune City.

Bohri Ali spreads over an area of about 2.42 lF,a. The

extent of Bohri AIi is from sonya Maruti chowk to Lal Bahadurshastri Chowk. The area is surround.ed. by Laxmi Road to North,Mfuza Galibm Road to south, Badhai Ali to East and. Kavi HonajiBala Path to West.

History & Morphoosy

Today's Bohri Ali comprises of major part of Raviwar peth

and small parts of shukrawar peth. The earlier name ofRaviwar Peth was Malkapur and it was established by MalikAmber.

During that period Raviwar peth comprised of rr2Brahmin houses, 6b wani houses, Bb shimpi houses, 45 sutarhouses, 34 Teli houses, 1g4 Tamboli houses and others. In all

there were about bl3 houses. Later in r76E the number ofhouses rose to about 1BB4 and in 1gg1 houses. Today,s Bohricommunity is residing in at Bohri Ali since peshwe RuIe. Theyare immigrants from Gujarat and are believed. to be partlydescendants of refugees from persia and Arabia who settled inGujarat about 1087 on account of a religious d.ispute, and arepartly of Hindu converts of the Brahmin and vania castes. Theyhave come to Pune as traders from Bombay since theestablishment of the British power. since peshwa rule till todaythe Bohri community is trading in ink, paper, cotton thread, silk,wax cloth, jute, raw jute, stitching items, iron utensils, tin boxes,

iron and steel, etc. Thus Bohri Ati has a historical background ofabout 270 years.

Bohri's Jamat Khana

Bohri's Jamat Khana is a meeting place of Bohri Mahomedans inRaviwar Peth. It was built about 1zB0 by subscription at a costof Rs. 16,000. The building has been enlarged from time to timeand improved at a great cost. It was large and filled four sides ofa spacious quadrangle. The courtyard was entered by a massivedoor with a well carved wooden roof and in the middle of the yardwas a large cistern or Haud with a central fountain. on the leftwas a large hall with plain square wooden pillars used fordinners on public feast days. To the right was the mosque, thebigger building in the mosque rose four storeys high with steepstairs in the walls. However, the Bohra Jamat Khana is rebuiltand there stands a totally new structure. This is one of thelandmark in this area. Aesthetically it could have been moreimpressive if open space available in the surrounding.

@noa,

Jama Mosque

Jama Mosque, the chief worship place of Muslim community inthe city was built about 1839, by public subscription. since then

additions have been made from time to time. The mosque

consists of a large stone hall 18m x 9m with a dome. The back

wall has a niche with operation a step against it and is covered

with texts from the holy Kuran. The yard in front of the mosque

is used for Muslim social religious meetings. This provides at

Ieast some open space for the community.

Activity Area of Hardware Tradins

The chief market for hardware in Pune is located in Bohri

Ali. In this trade particularly there is no sharp difference

between the wholesale and the retail trade. The shops in Bohri

Ali do wholesale business in addition to dealing directly with the

Iocal consumers. The commodities sold consist chiefly of iron

sheets, galvanized iron sheets, iron bars, angles, joints and wires,

piping and sanitary fittings, Iocks, paints, varnishes linseed oil,

etc. These shops also deal in cement and other minor building

materials. The bigger shopkeepers make their purchases direct

from the manufacturers of iron and steel and the smaller ones

from the Mumbai market and occasionally also from the bigger

shops in Pune.

As hardware is a relatively costlier group of commodities,

the stock of individual dealers ranges in value between Rs.

10,000 and Rs. 2,00,000. The bigger shopkeepers have

warehousing arrangement for keeping considerable quantities ofhardware.

The demand for hardware is brisk during the fair season,

which is favourable for building construction and it is duII d.uring

the monsoon.

Typical Establishment & Household

The structures are mostly of typical old types with ground

floor under commercial use and upper floors under residentialuse.

Most of the old structures are of load bearing type

constructed with timber frame, consist of rulai (beam) and lugs

(columns).

Earlier timber structures have decoration in the Marathastyle whereas newer ones have British influence. Decoration ofbuildings, i.e. building fagade is decorated with wooden carving.

Existing Land Use

The area under the influence of Bohri Ali is about 2.42 }j,a.The ground floor of structures facing the road is in the use ofcommercial activities, such as hardware shops, paints and

varnishes shops, a few jewelry shops, construction materialshops, electrical shops, hosiery shops, etc. The rear part and theupper floors of structures are mostly under residential use. The

shopping is of general type and also wholesale type.

Nowadays there is a change of land use taking place.

Because of heavy congested area and much more pollution richpeople are going outside for living and hence they are using theupper floors of shops as godowns.

The approximate land use analysis is given below:

Sr.No. Land Use Area inHa.

%ofTotaIArea

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

CommerciaVRe side ntialResidential

Amenities

Transportation

Open Spaces

Total:

r.32

0.268

0.182

0.46

0.19

2.42

54.54

11.08

7.50

19.00

7.85

100.00

Basically from the view point of town planning this area is

congested and lacks open spaces and amenities.

Amenities in the Area

Amenities like school, hospital, post office, bank, etc. whichare in and around the Bohri AIi are given below:

There is a school, viz. Nutan samarth vidyalaya, upto 7th

standard (i.e. primary school) on Kavi Honaji Bala Road whichhas strength of about 400 students.

The other primary and high school running in AgrasenBhavan, is very near to Bohri Ali and can meet the requirementin future too.

There is a municipal hospital on plot No. b29 near sonyaMaruti Chowk and also there are four private practicing doctors,

dispensaries in the Bohri Ati. In addition to this, Kotnis Hospitalis situated very near to this area. AII these above facilities canmeet the health requirement of this area.

There is a post office, and also Dena Bank which aresituated in Laxmi Narayan Market. Besides, there is a union

Bank of India branch and a Muslim cooperative Bank branch inthis area.

After surveying this area we found that there are Bbcm

and 45cm municipal water lines which pass underground alongthe road. There is also a g0cm sewer line laid undergroundwhich collects the sewage from each house and runs from LaIBahadur Shastri chowk to sonya Maruti Chowk. It is revealedfrom the people's interviews that water supply is sufficient inthis area.

The overhead electric lines create nuisance for the dwellerswho live in the upper floors. The electric line runs very close tostructures which also creates difficulty for shop owners torenovate shopping fagade.

storm water drains are provided at very Iong distance,about 75-90m and are insufficient to d.rain out the storm water.The drains are not maintained correctly, they always remainchocked and cannot drain out storm water.

There is only one location point of fire hydrant on saifuStreet which alone cannot fulfill the requirement of firefightingfor the whole area.

The road area as per existing land use survey is aboutr9.oo%. The existing road width ranges from 7.6m to 10.6m.The road surface is also quite satisfactory.

Due to heavy commercial activities in this area, there is aheavy traffic congestion, road sid.e perpendicular parking,

loading and unloading operations, rack of respect for trafficregulations, particularly in the Bhagwan Adinath chowk wherethe Saify Street which is a two-way in spite of very lesser widthi.e. about 6m, crosses the subhansha Road. In this chowk thereis heavy traffic congestion. The road side perpendicular parkingcreates bottlenecks in transportation network and is the majortraffic hazard. There is also irregular variation in road width.There is another vehicle which causes congestion and delaying oftraffic is hand-cart, which moves slowly and blocks the followingvehicles. same case is with buses. There is no bus bay on themain road of Bohri Ali and when bus stops the following traffic isalso blocked, causing the delaying of traffic and ultimatelvresulting in congestion of traffic.

we observed the tendency of some of the shop owners thatthey parked their own vehicles or at least a hand-cart in front oftheir shops and block the area, so that while loading andunloading they could utilize that area by removing their ownvehicles. This creates major problem to outsiders who d.o not findany free area to park their vehicles.

some shopkeepers utilize the road area in front of theirshops for cutting of pipes, steel jalies because their shops are toosmall which also creates the congestion of traffic.

There are no pedestrian lanes such as footpaths along theroad, so they use the main traffic lane, which creates diffrculty inmaneuvering the vehicles, Ieading to congestion of traffic.

The analysis of traffic volume survey of subhansha Road isas given below:

Sr.No. Description PCU PCUFactor

No. ofVehicles

%tototalPCUer hour

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Two wheeler

Bicycles

Jeep, Car,

Rickshaw

Bus, Truck

Hand-cart

480

290

320

10

t7

0.5

0.5

1.0

3.0

6.0

240

r45

320

30

ro2

28.67

17.32

38.24

3.58

12.198

Aesthetic Survey

Talking about aesthetics in Bohri Ali, we have seen many astructure in a very good condition over after such a long period.

Buildings that are used for social activities such as Juma Mosque

are deserved to be conserved. The buitdings that are mainlyplanned for mix land use (residential + commercial) are ofcourtyard type planning a central courtyard serving as

ventilation source for deeper rooms. Details of buildings i.e.

doors and windows, cornices, shading d.evices, railings, etc. play amajor role in aesthetical part as a good and decorated elements,

even a road is straight forward but the irregular fagade of each

shop creates a visual hierarchy while passing through a road.

According to Kevin Lynch the aesthetic survey is carriedout.

Path:The major path in this area is the subhansha Road

which runs from Lal Bahadur shastri chowk to sonya MarutiChowk.

The major paths are saifr street, Kavi Honaji Bala Road.,

etc.

District: The whole Bohri AIi has its uniquecharacteristics, i.e. hardware trading activities are done in thisarea and the one prime community, the Bohra Mahomedans

resides in this area, hence it is like a district in the old core of thePune City.

Landmark: Juma Mosque which is the prime worshipplace of the Bohra Mahomedans has great historical and

religious background. The other place which is the meeting place

of the Bohra community, i.e. Jamat Khana also has the same

importance as the landmark.

Edge: Since there is no river, nallah, etc. there is no edge

in this area.

The structure along the Bohri Ali is of row housing type

and is built in two, three and four stories. They get light ofventilation only from street or from the rear side or courtyard,

the structures are touching each other and thus there is no scope

for side light and ventilation. Most of the structures have onlv

one access road.

Age and condition of Structures: The structures are

mostly of typical old types with ground floor under commercial

use and the upper floors under residential use. The age of thestructures ranges from 20 years to g0 years, but majority ofstructures have the age above 60 years.

Most of the old structures are of load bearing type,

constructed with timber frame, consist of rulai (beam), Iugs

(columns), seesum, sflg, deodar, etc. are used as major timbermaterial. The walls are made of burnt brick masonry and

thickness of the wall varies from 45cm to 22.Ecm from ground

floor to top floor. Ground floors are partly renovated, thinkingabout the commercial aspect. Earlier timber structures have

decoration in the Maratha stSrle whereas the newer ones have

British influence. Some of the old structures are aesthetically as

well as structurally sound and deserve to be conserved.

The analysis of building age is as given below:

Age of Buildings Percentage

Above 90

Above 60

Above 30

Below 30

Under construction

76.25

3.75

8.00

11.50

0.50

Social & Economic Survey

The main community which resides in the Bohri Ali isBohra Mahomedan. They are immigrants from Gujarat. They

are believed to be partly descendants of refugees from Persia and

Arabia who settled in Gujarat about 1087 on account of a

religious dispute and partly Hindu converts of Brahmin and

vania castes. They have come to Pune as traders from Mumbai

since the establishment of British power. Their home tongue is

Gujarati and with others they speak Hindustani and Marathi.They are generally active and well made but are wanting in

strength and robustness. Their features are regular and clear,the colour olive, and the expression gentle and shrewd. Theman's dress consists of a white oval shaped turban, a long whitecoat falling to the knee, a waist coat, a long shirt and a pair ofloose trousers. The woman's dress is a red or a dark blue cotton

or silk scarf called 'odna', a backless bodice called 'angia' or'kanchli' and a cotton or silk petticoat. on going out theysurround themselves in a large striped cotton or silk robe thatcovers the whole body except a small gauze opening for the eyes.

Bohras are considered honourable traders and have a highname for honest dealing.

They have a well organized body and a strong class feeling.

the head of their sect, who is known as the Munah saheb. has

his headquarters at surat. They perform marriage and other

ceremonies, settle minor social disputes and refer difficult cases

for the decision of the lead Mullah at Surat.

Bohras have their own shops in the Bohri Ali, whichmainly consist of hardware shops, paint shops, etc. The economic

condition of dwellers is very good. The income of shop owners

ranges from Rs. 20,000 per month to

Rs. 7,500 per month, of big hardware and paint traders to theother small shops, respectively.

The dwellers are either owners of shops, employed in shops

or working in other areas and their income level is also

satisfactory.

In accordance with the details available from the census

record of Ward No. 123 and the proportionate area of Bohri Ali, itis concluded that -

Area of Bohri Ali is 2.42 Ha and

Present population is 2,880 persons.

The persons interviewed are -1. Mr Muhammad Ismail (Glassware Shop)

336 Raviwar Peth, Pune

2. Mr Humimuddin (Paint Shop)

282 Raviwar Peth, Pune

3. Mr Chandrashekhar Sarnaik

Priest in the Ram Mandir and Shani Mandir.

4. Mr Daudbhai Abdul AIi (Hardware Shop)

I57I Raviwar Peth, Pune.

The following information is revealed from the interviews:

Jamat Khana is the place where Bohra people gather

together on feast days and it is also a place of worship.

There is a big problem of traffic congestion and is a

common thing on the subhanshah Road, particularry atBhagwan Adinath chowk. since the subhansha Road became a

PMT bus route the problem of traffic congestion increased.

tremendously. when a bus stops the whole following poses a bigproblem to maneuver the vehicles. For loading and. unloading

operations there is no space to stand the vehicle.

water supply is sufficient to this area, but the fire hydrantIocations are less.

In olden days Bohri AIi was famous for the ironware such

as ghameli, taLsa, etc. As the time changes shops dealing in

hardware, building construction material, paint, etc. have

increased.

Income & Expenditure

Total income of the Pune City is Rs. 80,488 lac, of which33% is spent on establishment and G7%o (Rs. 20,898 lac) on

infrastructure development and maintenance for 124 wards ofthe city.

Bohri Ali forms part of Municipal Ward No. 128. Out of

the total expenditure for each ward, i.e. Rs. 164.b0 lac, B0% (Rs.

49.35 lac) amount is used fbr various utility services, civic

amenities, D.P. proposal implementation, Nalla training and

cleaning, maintenance of road, etc.

Findinss & Conclusions

1. The area is highly congested and is densely populated.

2. There are bottlenecks on road and perpendicular parking

which reduces the width of the road.

3. Parking areas are insufficient.

4. There are no pedestrian walkways in front of the shops.

5. The area is totally devoid of open spaces and internal

narrow passages which act as the main source of light and

ventilation.

6. Light and ventilation to the inner houses is very poor,

because of smaller courtvards.

7. Overhead electrical wires are a big nuisance.

/t-7 E\

8. There is a lack of respect for traffic regulations,particularly at Bhagwan Adinath Chowk.

The area is worth conserving as a precinct.

The architectural character and transition of architectureis very interesting in this area.

9.

10.

CHAPTER 4

(B) LONAR ALr

fntroduction

Lonaris belong to a very old profession, related to the

building industry like the Badhai or carpenters. For the lastfifty years the use of timber in the form of pillars, beams, arches,

windows and doors is steadily declining because of substitutionand extreme cost of teak wood. However, lime trade and the

associated coal trade has not suffered as a result of the declining

use in the building construction. About 70 years back most of the

brick and stone walls as well as plastering of the walls was done

in quality lime mortar. This cr:eated the need for ghanis or millswhere the lime was converted into material suitable forconstruction. The burning of lime stones is the first step in the

final product which is used for plaster or for mortar. CoaI was

needed by these kilns and hence stored and traded in coal along

with lime in manv cases.

The manufacture of cement as a factory made standardproduct reduced the use of lime. This reduction in the use

continued for a number of years. Today lime is hardly used. inthe construction activity, unless it is required for restoration ofold buildings or some such special use. Brick work, plastering

and flooring, aII are done with cement concrete or cement.

The lonaras were lucky because in spite of the decline inuse in the construction industry, demand by industry forproducts that require lime as a raw material has increased. This

increase in demand by the industry has sustained the lonari

trade. Land use changes along with the factory manufacture ofmost raw materials related to industry is transforming thelocational needs of the traditional trades. At present at leastlonari trade is well sustained and may continue in the samelocation for some time. But in the future these traders may haveto shift to the outskirts like the shifting of the Market yard atGultekdi.

The older buildings in the Lonar AIi have a typicalcharacter of the brick and timber architecture prevalent in theIate 19th and early 20th centuries. This architecture needs to bepreserved as a heritage just as some of the other areas that havebeen identified as heritage zones or heritage precincts. They canbecome tourist attractions in the future.

Raviwar Peth was founded by Mr Mahajan vyavahariJoshi in the regime of Balaji Bajirao peshwa. This ward waspreviously known as Malkapur and was established by MatikAmbar, the able minister of Nizamshah. From its found.ationRaviwar Peth has always been a traders, ward and businesscentre.

Lonar Ali is located in northern portion of Raviwar peth.

It is north-south lane joining station Ro9ad. and Laxmi Road. Itis bounded on north by station Road., on south by Laxmi Road,on east by Guru Nanak Path and on the west by Juni Bhaji Ali.

Lonaris or lime burners have been in pune for more than100 years. They are cement makers, husbandmen and labourers.It seems that they were original Maratha people and as theyadopted profession of coal maker and lime burners. their

lno\

separate caste was established. In sanskrit they are calledsaumik that means salt makers. It seems that at one time theywere salt makers and hence they are called lonaries (Lauan insanskrit means salt). In Belgaum District of Karnataka someLonaris are still in trading of salt. However, most of the Lonarisare lime burners or coal makers. In Mahabharat, the holy bookof Hindus' one finds the mention of Lonaries who were cited in itas coal makers. Hence it seems that their main occupation wascoal makers.

Lonari people have surnames like Chorge, Dhone,Danagekar, Rakshe, Bondre, Karche, Tambe, zad,ge, Nandurkar.etc.

Though lime is sold at shops located. in different parts ofthe city, lime is produced in lime kiln. previously lime kilnswere located in shivaji Nagar area, then they were shifted toParvati Area. Presently they are located in vitthalwadi Area ofPune.

Raw material required for making lime is lime nodules.Lime nodules are imported from Karnataka State.

Lime is sold in shops located in different parts of the citywhile lime is produced in lime kiln located in vitthalwadi area ofPune. There are about 1b to 20 lime kilns.

Lime kiln is round and is about 2.b m in diameter and 1.0m high with a side hole at the bottom. At the bottom of the kiln alayer of charcoal is placed. After allowing them to burn B or 4days, the contents of the kiln are taken out through the hole at

the bottom. The lime is separated from charcoal and is ready for

sale. It requires simple tools such as spades, iron strips, sieves,

tins, rubbish scraper, etc.

Most of the lime is consumed by industries, particularly

chemical industries. Some of the consuming industries itself are

Iocated in Vitthalwadi and very less, about IOyo, is consumed in

domestic market, particularly for lime - mortar. Lime - mortar

is prepared with the help of mechanical mixer, called Ghanis.

There are about 1O Ghanrs located in the lime-kiln area.

Labour work in lime kiln and the Ghanis is given on an ad hoc

basis. Each kiln requires about three or four labourers and each

Ghani requires about two labourers.

Trading is more in winter season particularly from Dassera

to Diwali and is slack is rainy season. However, seasonality does

not affect demand of lime by industries.

Typical Establishment & Household

Most of the structures in Lonar AIi are old structures

which are more than 100 years old and they are semi-pucca and

pucca type. The structures are built with wooden frame workgenerally, two storey high. Part of the ground floor is used for

commercial activity and the rest of the structure is used forresidence. Facades of few of old wooden structures are decorated.

with wooden carving. Some of the structures are built in stone

and lime mortar.

A few of the old structures are replaced by reinforced

concrete structures.

Existins Land Use

The extent of influence of Lonar ali is found to be 2.245Ha.

Road fronting part of ground floor is in the use of commercial

activities such as lime shop, medical shop, grocery stores, paint

shops, goldsmith shop. The rear part and the upper floors of

structures are used for residence.

Rapid changes in land use are taking place. To utilise the

commercial potential of road, old structures are pulled down and

replaced by reinforced concrete structure with shops at ground

floor.

The approximate land use analysis is as below:

Sr.No. Land Use Area in Ha. %o of Area

1.

2.

3.

4.

C om merciaVRe side ntial

Residential

Public/Semi-public

Transportation

TotaI:

0.5200

0.8484

0.4100

0.4666

2.2450

23.2%

37.7%

t8.3o/o

20.8%

roo%

It will be seen from the above that this area is deficient in

open spaces.

Amenities in the Area

There are two primary schools in the influence area of the

lane. One is run by the IVIunicipal Corporation and named

Kamala Nehru Vidyalalaya. The other primary school is under

construction. There is also a Gujarati High School located on the

Station Road and just in front of the northern end of the lane.

These primary school can meet the requirement of the area

in future too.

There is a big hospital, Tilak Ayurved Hospital, which is

very near to this area. There are also a few dispensaries of

private practicing doctors. These can meet the health

requirement of the area.

A post office is situated on Laxmi Road which is to the

south of the lane. Banking facilities are also available in the

vicinity on the Station Road and Laxmi Road.

Utilities & Services

During the survey it was found that 1b cm and 2.5 cm dia

municipal water lines pass through the road. It is revealed inthe interview that water supply is regular and sufficient.

There is also 1.20 m wide sewer line laid underground

which collects sewage and runs from Laxmi Road to stationRoad. Storm water drains are provided at regular interval and

there is rare flooding except in case of heavy rains in rainyseason.

Traffic & Transportation Study

As per analysis of existing land use about ZA.B% area iscovered by roads. The existing road width of the lane is varyingfrom 6 m to 15 m. The road surface is quite satisfactory.

Due to increasing commercial activities on this road, thereis increase in traffic. Increase is also due to use of this lane as

bypass from the station Road and Laxmi Road and vice versa.

Generally traffrc is smooth. However, at peak hours,

particularly in the morning and evening there is trafficcongestion. The factors leading to traffic congestion are road side

perpendicular parking on both sides of the road, stopping ofvehicles for loading and unloading operation, bottlenecks in the

road, etc.

The analysis of traffic volume survey of Lonar AIi is as

given below:

Sr.No. Description PCU PCUFactor

No. ofvehicles

Vo ofTotalPCUr hour

1.

2.

3.

4.

Two wheeler

Jeep, Car,

Rickshaw

Bicycles

Bus, Truck

Total

678

528

168

10

0.5

1.0

0.5

3.0

339

528

84

30

981

34.56

53.82

8.56

3.06

100.00

Aesthetic Survey

we have seen some of the structures which are in verygood condition even after such a long period. Buildings whichare used for social activities such as Lonari panchayat HaIl,Bahucharaji Devi temple, Jain Temple, are deserved to be

conserved. Most of the buildings are planned with courtyard. typeof planning in which a central courtyard served as ventilationsource for deeper rooms. some of the old wooden framed.

buildings have decorative fagade with delicate carving in wood.

Road is zigzag, as one passes through the lane it creates visualbeauty.

Aesthetic survey is carried out using Kevin Lynchtechnique.

Paths: The major path in this area is Lonar Ali which joinsDaruwalla Bridge Road and Ganesh peth Road. some are minorpaths joining Lonar Ali with different road.s such as the pathjoining Juni Bhaji Ali with Lonar AIi, the path joining Lonar AIiand Ganesh Peth Road.

Nodes: Two major nodes, one at the junction of the lanewith Daruwalla Bridge Road and the other at the junction of theIane with Ganesh Peth road, are observed. Ten minor nodes are

observed.

District: The whole Lonar Ali forms one major d.istrict.

Land Marks: Lonari panchayat HalI, shri KrishnaTemple and Bahucharaji Devi remple are major land marks inthis area. Jain Temple, Hanuman Temple, shitaladevi rempleare minor land marks in this area.

Edges: There are no edges in this area.

Buildine Typolosy

The structures along Lonar AIi are row housing types andtwo or three stories high. They get light and ventilation from thefront street. A few structures get ventilation from either innercourtyard or the rear street. Most of the structures have onlvone access road.

Age and condition of the structures: structures inLonar AIi are old structures which are more than 100 years old..

Front portion of the ground floor is in commercial use and therest is under residential use. Age of structure ranges from b

years to 100 years, but majority of the structures are more than90 years ofage.

Most of the structures are load bearing type, built withwooden frame work. walls of the structures are of burnt brickand lime mortar and in a few cases stones and lime mortarfagade of the structure is decorated. with wooden carving.Balconies of the old structure have decorative iron grills.

Analysis of building age is given below:

Age of Building Percentage

Above 90

Above 60

Above 30

Below 30

78.13

0

6.87

13.75

r.25Under Construction

Lonari people are Maratha people. Their mother tongue isMarathi, however, they speak Hindi well. These people arehardworking, quiet and hospitable. Lonari people wereoriginally coal makers and lime burners but now a few of themare cultivators, goldsmiths and service class persons.

Lonari people are united socially. They are spread indifferent locations, however, their major concentration is in

Lonar Ali. They have formed "panchayat,,. They setile most oftheir social disputes through the panchayat. They worship allHindu Gods. Their family deity is Khandoba. They celebrate allthe festivals of Hindus. They have also constructed thePanchayat Hall in Lonar AIi, which is also used as marriage hall.

while arranging marriage they believe in horoscopematching.

Lime kilns and Ghanis are located in vitthalwadi andLonar AIi. Lime is brought from vitthalwadi on either bicycle orin auto-rickshaw, their trading, retail or wholesale, is strictly oncash basis. Transportation cost is born by the buyer.

The economical condition of dwellers is not so good. Theincome of dwellers ranges between Rs. 2000 and Rs. 10,000 permonth.

It was revealed in the interview that income is much lessdue to the following factors:

1. By invention of cement as bonding material in constructionof houses, domestic consumption of lime has decreased..

2. Lime imported from other states is much cheaper thanlime produced in pune because the raw material, Iimenodules, are not availabre locally and are not availableanywhere in Maharashtra, they need to be imported fromKarnataka and as such due to transportation cost the limemanufactured in pune is costly.

3. They have no suffrcient space for rime kiln, Ghani andstorage of lime.

Some of the establishments dealing with lime are about 60

to 100 years old. Now present traders are from the third to the

fourth generation. Most of the traders are hopeful that their

successor will continue this profession.

As per the details available from the record of Ward No.

106 and the proportionate of Lonar Ali, it is concluded that -

Area of Lonar AIi is 2.245 Ha, and

Present Population is 1542 persons.

Information through Interviews

The persons interviewed are:

1. Mr Balasaheb Dnyanoba Nandurkar (Lime Shop),

737 Raviwar Peth. Pune

2. Mr Ravindra Hemraj Danagekar (Goldsmith),

797 Raviwar Peth. Pune

3. Mr Sakharam Ramchandra Zadge (Lime Shop),

855 Raviwar Peth. Pune.

The following information is revealed through the

interviews:

Lonari people are socially united. They have "Panchayat"

which settles their social disputes.

There is traffic congestion at peak hour, particularly due to

road side parking, Ioading-unloading operations and at turning

due to narrow width.

Water supply and drainage facilities are adequate and

good. Trading is reducing day by day and taxes are increasing

and will survive only if raw material is made available at

cheaper rate.

Some of the families are doing the same business for the

fourth generation. However, some of the family members,

particularly of younger generation, are attracted towards other

occupations such as goldsmith, service, etc.

Income & Expenditure

Total income of Pune City is Rs. 29,853 lac, of which 33% is

spent on establishment and 67Yo on infrastructure development

and maintenance of I24 wards of the city.

Lonar Ali is located in Ward No. 106. Out of the total

expenditure of each ward, i.e. Rs. 131.29 lac, approximately 30%

amount (Rs. 48.38 lac) is use'd for various utility services, civic

amenities, D.P. proposals implementation, maintenance of road, etc.

Findings & Conclusions

1. Lonari Panchayat HaIl, Shrikrishna Temple, Bahucharaji

Devi Temple, Shitala Mata Temple, Jain Temple are the

land marks which need to be conserved. AIso some of the

buildings have fagade beautifully decorated, they also need

to be conserved.

2. There are bottlenecks on roads. Traffic discipline,

particularly about parking, needs to be enforced.

3. Area lacks in the amenity of open space and parking.

4. The houses are poorly lighted and ventilated.

5. Part of the area needs conservation and part needs

redevelopment.