ANIMAL FORM AND FUNCTIONCirculation and Gas ExchangeRefer to pg 237-243 in Holtzclaw, Ch 42 in Campbell and media resources

LEARNING GOAL: HOW DO ANIMALS EXCHANGE GASES AND TRANSPORT THEM INTERNALLY? WHAT ARE VARIOUS STRUCTURE/FUNCTION EXAMPLES ACROSS THE ANIMAL KINGDOM?

LEARNING INTENTIONS

You must know: The circulatory vessels, heart chambers,

and route of mammalian circulation. How red bloods cells (RBCs) demonstrate the

relationship of structure to function. The general characteristics of a respiratory

surface. The pathway a molecule of oxygen takes

from the air until it is picked up by the hemoglobin of a red blood cell.

TODAY: THE CIRCULATORY VESSELS, HEART CHAMBERS, AND ROUTE OF MAMMALIAN CIRCULATION.

You must exchange gas, wastes, and nutrients at the cellular level by diffusion!

Two solutions: 1) Keep all cells in contact with environment

Gastrovascular Cavity 2) Move fluid around to tissues/cells for

exchange Circulatory System

Gastrovascular Cavity

WHAT ARE THE THREE COMPONENTS OF A CIRCULATORY SYSTEM?

Circulatory System

WHAT ARE THE THREE COMPONENTS OF A CIRCULATORY SYSTEM?

Blood (Circulatory Fluid) Vessels (Tubes) Heart (Pump)

IN CLOSED CIRCULATION YOU HAVE:

Arteries – carry blood away from heart Thick, lots of smooth muscle Arterioles are smaller

Capillaries – Gas/Nutrient/Waste Exchange Microscopic Walls are one-cell layer thick (significance?)

Veins – carry blood back to the heart Have valves to prevent backflow Venules are smaller

The heart has atria and ventricles

TRY THIS! TRUE OR FALSE?

Capillary beds:

A. Are the site of nutrient and oxygen delivery to tissues

B. Have a total cross-sectional area much smaller than the total cross-sectional area of major arteries

C. Join arterioles and venules

TRY THIS! TRUE OR FALSE?

Capillary beds:

A. Are the site of nutrient and oxygen delivery to tissues TRUE!

B. Have a total cross-sectional area much smaller than the total cross-sectional area of major arteries FALSE!

C. Join arterioles and venules TRUE!

VARIATIONS!

VARIATIONS!

TRY THIS! TRUE OR FALSE?

The three-chambered hearts of amphibians and nonbird reptiles:

a. Allow substantial separation of pulmonary and systemic circulation

b. Are facultative, allowing variation in blood flow through the heart

c.Are inferior to the four-chambered hearts of birds and mammals, limiting the evolutionary success of amphibians and nonbird reptiles

TRY THIS! TRUE OR FALSE?

The three-chambered hearts of amphibians and nonbird reptiles:

a. Allow substantial separation of pulmonary and systemic circulation TRUE!

b. Are facultative, allowing variation in blood flow through the heart TRUE!

c.Are inferior to the four-chambered hearts of birds and mammals, limiting the evolutionary success of amphibians and nonbird reptiles FLASE!

TAKE A MOMENT TO READ AND UNDERSTAND THE PATH OF CIRCULATION ON PAGE 239 IN HOLTZCLAW

THE CARDIAC CYCLE – SYSTOLE (CONTRACTION) AND DIASTOLE (RELAXATION)

THE CARDIAC CYCLE – READ HEART RATE ON PAGE 240 IN HOLTZCLAW

BLOOD PRESSURE: READ 42.2 ON PAGE 240 IN HOLTZCLAW

Analyze the graphs

BLOOD PRESSURE

What happens to cross-sectional surface area, velocity, and pressure as you move through the circulatory system?

ACTIVITY: MEASURING BLOOD PRESSURE!

Experimental, not diagnostic!!!

LEARNING INTENTIONS

Do you know: The circulatory vessels, heart chambers, and

route of mammalian circulation.