…a new beginning poverty eradication through community managed sustainable agriculture a way out...
TRANSCRIPT
…a new beginning
Poverty eradication through community managed sustainable agriculture
a way out of serious crisis in agriculture
SERP
MMS
SANET
Indira kranthi pathamwomen’s empowerment for poverty eradication
S.E.R.P is implementing a Rs.2100 cr statewide project to raise rural poor’s incomes and improve quality of life
Organize rural women’s groups
& their federations
Knowledge & awareness
Investment support
Government departments
Financial institutions
Panchayati raj institutions
Markets and other non-govt institutions
Outreach and institutional structure• Programme present in every village of the state
• S.H.Gs have been formed in each village
• More than 90% of rural poor are organised
• 86.5 lakhs rural women organised into 6,88,200 S.H.Gs (upto March 2007)
(35% of all S.H.Gs in the country are in A.P)
• Own savings : Rs.1340 Crores, Corpus : Rs. 2990 Crores.
• 31,500 V.Os, 946 MSs and 21 Z.S s formed
To enable each poor family in the state, to improve their livelihoods and quality of life
a family out of poverty experiences:
improved status in society
comprehensive food security – freedom from hunger
earns minimum of Rs.5000/- per month, from 3 - 4 stable livelihoods
planned house-hold expenditure
Social Security – risks to life, health, assets and incomes are covered
good shelter
good education
good health
Vision
Mandal Samakhyas and V.Os plan and implement the various
project components
Each Mandal is divided into three Clusters of 10-12 habitations.
A development professional, called Community Coordinator (CC) is placed in each Cluster. S/he stays in her cluster.
SERP selects and trains them. After completion of training, they are contracted by the MS and are accountable to MS.
M.S responsible for social mobilisation, institution building and funding the microplans of S.H.Gs/V.Os from C.I.F
Micro credit plans are evolved by the S.H.Gs in each village. These plans are funded by their own savings, CIF fund and Bank Linkage.
V.Os responsible for appraising the microplans and recommending them to M.S for financing from C.I.F
V.Os appraise microplans and also finance them from the recycled C.I.F
C.B.Os implement the projectA.P Federation Model
SHGs
•Thrift and credit activities
•Monitoring group performance
•Micro Credit Planning•Household inv plans
• E.C -2 from each S.H.G, 5 Office bearers
•Strengthening of SHGs
•Arrange line of credit to the SHGs
•Social action
•Village development
•Marketing and food security
•Support activists – 3 -5
• E.C -2 from each V.O, 5 Office bearers
•Support to VOs
•Secure linkage with Govt. Depts.
fin institutions, markets
•Auditing of the groups
•Micro Finance functions
10 - 15
SHGs SHGs SHGsSHGs SHGs
V.O
150 -200
MMS4000 6000 -
Z S200,000
400,000
Village Organization
Mandal Samakhaya
Zilla Samakhaya
SELF HELP GROUPS
Key achievements1. Community based targeting - focus on the ultrapoor 2. Financing the poor:- Project finance (C.I.F) – Rs.869.0 crores- Financing S.H.Gs through Banks. Rs.197.0 crores to Rs.3225 crores
in 6 years – 16 fold increase.- Current year plan – Rs.6500.0 crores - Pavala vaddi- Debt swapping by banks- Strengthening asset base of the poor – investments in agriculture,
livestock, non-farm, small businesses, etc
Project fund management & S.H.G Bank linkages
Mandal Samakhya
Village Organization
SHG SHG SHG
Terms of Partnership (VO –
MS)
Terms of Partnership (SHG –
VO)
Terms of Partnership
(Member – SHG)
Repayment Period
Members
Prioritization of Needs and Members
Micro Credit Plan
100 - 120 Months
40 - 60 month
s
12-24 months
Banks
3. Collective marketing of agriculture, horticulture,NTFP produce and dairyTo enable the poor to get fair terms of trade for their produce through their
networks
Village level marketing centres managed by S.H.Gs - traditional market yards – trader centred and not fair to poor farmers
From Rs.1 cr in 01-02 to Rs.126 crs in 06 – 07. In 2007-08, marketing turnover crossed Rs.216 crs.
Intensive training to women in handling quality, logistics, finances, and marketing
Major commodities: maize, paddy, redgram, soybean, neem, groundnut, castor, coffee, cashew, NTFP, etc.
Milk – village milk collection centres and mandal level B.C.Us
Major constraint - Post harvest facilities, simple value addition and storage at village level
Rabi 2007 - Paddy procurement by Village Organisations
Paddy procurement in Rabi 2007 by Village organizations at MSP in partnership with A.P.S. C.S.C
Major innovation of State Govt. to ensure M.S.P benefit reaches the small and marginal farmers
Procurement in 316 village procurement centres Total Paddy Procured – 3.24 Lakh MT Value of Paddy Procured– Rs. 210 Crores Minimum benefit of Rs.800 per M.T to farmers
Key achievements …contd
1. Community managed food security1. Collective buying and supplying essential commodities to members from
open market on credit. 2. Benefiting 16.4 lakh families by March, 2007. 3. Plan to cover 40.0 lakh families by March, 2008. 4. Each family saves Rs. 80 – Rs.120 per month5. Local demand for farmers’ produce
2. Social risk management – 19.8 lakhs
3. Impact on public administration – convergence with all line departments
4. Extensive use of community best practitioners
Community managed sustainable agriculture
16 out of 32 distress districts are in AP Ever increasing costs of cultivation due to
externalization of inputs specially seeds and pesticides
Increasing dependence on traders and dealers for credit
Increasing ecological costs due to high chemical use
Decreasing margins to farmers
Context – acute crisis in agriculture
Women groups and agriculture…
• In spite of vibrant women SHG movement, no significant improvement in agriculture based livelihoods
• Marketing intervention was the first major intervention - but not the complete solution
• Searching for the options…
October, 2004Punukula one bright star…
• Farmers completely gave up pesticides adopting Non Pesticidal Management
• At the village level more than Rs.50 lakhs saving every year
• Reduced expenditure on health• Reduced migration• More opportunities for farming leasing in lands• No suicides after NPM intervention
Challenge : Can small experiences be scaled up ?
• Relevance of small experiences on a wider scale• Availability of resources locally• Farmers willingness• institutional and support systems• supplementing farmers’ Knowledge and enhancing
the skills• Reducing the time of transformation• Reaching to larger areas
Non Pesticidal Managment It is a paradigm shift in moving from input centric model to
knowledge and skill based model. It involves making best use of natural resources locally available and take best advantage of the natural processes.
A “system that maintains the insect populations at levels below those causing economic injury, by having healthy crop and managing the population dynamics in the crop ecosystem”
Farmer gains control over inputs – reduce dependence on external inputs
December 2004
Piloting institutional model...
Piloting NPM as a livelihood intervention in Kosgi MMS during 2004
Farmers trained systematically and technical support provided in the form of coordinators
In 225 acres, average savings of Rs. 1200/acre on Red gram the total savings were Rs.2,75,000
WASSAN
The reach…
2006-07• 17 districts• 1050 villages• 2.0 lakh acres• 80 thousand farmers
2005-06• 10 districts• 450 villages• 25 thousand acres• 15 thousand farmers
2007-08• 18 districts• 1500 villages• 5 lakh acres• 1.5 lakh farmers
…aiming to reach 25 lakh acres across crops in all districts of AP in five years
The design…
• Village Organization and Mandal Mahila Samakya taking the lead role• Village activist for every village• Cluster coordinator for a cluster of five villages• MMS enter into agreement with NGOs to provide technical support• 89 N.G.Os as partners• No Chemical Pesticide use• Enabling environment
• Campaign on ill effects of pesticides, understanding pests, and ecosystem
• Small enterprises to provide neem powder, NPV etc• Farmers as resource persons
Crop Cost of Plant protection (Rs./acre)
Saving(Rs/acre)
Conventional NPM
Cotton (Avg Khammam) 5000 1000 4000
Chillies (Avg from Warangal) 15000 to 20000 2000 13000
Redgram (Avg from Nalgonda) 1500 300 1200
Groundnut (Avg from Anantapur) 1500 300 1200
Castor (Nalgonda) 2000 400 1600
Paddy (Avg.from Kurnool) 2000 225 1775
Economic Advantages 2004-05
Restoration of Natural BalanceThe data of harmful vs. beneficial insects in cotton (10 weeks data)
S.NO
Date of observation
Number of beneficial insects (10 plants)
Number of harmful insects (10 plants)
Number of bolls/plant
1 11.08.06 7 3 18
2 25.08.06 11 8 22
3 01.09.06 9 11 26
4 08.09.06 13 12 28
5 15.09.06 13 14 32
6 22.09.06 14 13 40
7 29.09.06 16 14 50
8 06.10.06 9 9 54
9 13.10.06 10 8 60
10 20.10.06 17 5 65
KAMADHENU RMG
Comparative Cost benefit analysis between NPM and Non-NPM Cotton, Karimnagar
Particulars NPM method (Rupees)
Non-NPM method (Rupees)
INPUT COST 4850 8350
Yield 6 Quintal 6 Quintal
Amount 12000 12000
NET PROFIT 7150 3650
KRUSHI
One cluster of Anantapur where pesticide usage is low (2005-06)
Village No.of.
Farmers
NPM acres (2005-06)
2003-04 Pesticide usage(in lit)
Value of pesticides in Rupees
Value of NPM extracts
Total saving
1 Chinnajalalapuram
39 182 2800 5,40,000 54,600 7,01,400
2 Madirepalli 36 139 2000 4,00,000 44,480 3,55,520
3 Guruguntla 36 104 1875 6,56,250 36,400 6,19,850
Total 111 425 6675 15,96,250 1,35,480 16,76,770
RIDS
Out of Debt TrapRamachandrapuram, A Tribal Village in Khammam Dist, AP
• 100 farm families caught in debt trap • Vicious cycles of pesticides• Lands to given away to dealers and working in their fields on lease and
as labor
Results• 7 quintals of yield in cotton• Net profit of Rs. 7000/- to Rs. 10000/-• Farmers able to sell their products freely
Proper support can bring back life to Villages
Savings 2006-07
S.NO CROP ACRES Avg.Savings/acre(in Rs)
Total Savings(Rs.crores)
1 Cotton 40,425 4,000 16.17
2 Paddy 50,280 1,000 5.03
3 Red gram 24,329 1,200 2.92
4 Groundnut 22,998 800 1.84
5 Chillies 3,757 15,000 4.88
6 Others 26,000 1,000 2.60
TOTAL 33.44
Cost of N.P.M extension – less than Rs.4.0 crores
Reduction in cost of cultivation: interest could be created in the farmers more than 70 % reduction in pesticide usage. The farmers could save up to Rs. 2000/- in rice, groundnut, redgram, Rs. 5000/- in cotton and Rs. 13000/- in chillies
Pesticide free villages: Nearly 12 pesticide free villages in Anantapur, Khammam, Needs to be documented
Organic Villages: Gurrapukonda and few more villages in Madakasira became organic
Impacts…
RAKSHANA, IRDS
• Chillies in 1200 acres• Savings on pest management more than 15,000• Hon’ble Minister for Commerce Dr. Jairam Ramesh
sets target to bring 50 % of chilli area in the state under NPM in next five years
• Spices Board came forward to invest 50 % of its budget in AP on NPM
Community Managed Seed Banks
• Pilot in 10 villages in Ananthpur district• Village self sufficiency as goal• Farmers produced and VO helped to distribute among
the farmers• Good quality seed, in time• Subsidy was extended by dept to one village• Focus on
• Seed retention than replacement • selecting, saving, storing, sharing and reusing• Increasing crop and genetic diversity• Networking the seed banks
• 2007-08 seed banks in 70 villages-wide variety of crops
Opportunities for Agril.workers
NPM service centers Village enterprises Agril. Labour leasing land and doing NPM Increase in labor man days Seed production Fodder production Neem procurement and selling
Learning…
Confidence on ecological models of agriculture increased NPM a good stepping stone Complete paradigm shift in understanding and supporting agriculture
is required Ecological and economic costs of externalization of inputs enormous Loosing control over seed is suicidal Moving to organic is the way forward Strong natural resource base is required for sound ecological farming Many more experiences can be tried Policy support is required now…
Constraints…
Natural Resources Human Resources Issues beyond control of farmers
Shifts in land use pattern GM crops (case of Bt cotton seed) Loosing control over resources like seed, water etc Liberalization impacts Climate change
Community Managed Organic Farming
Proposal : to bring 10 lakh ha under organic farming in rainfed areas in 5000
villages covering 10 lakh farm families Village level collaboration between women S.H.Gs, farmers, and
N.G.Os
Objective: to increase net incomes for small & marginal farmers in rainfed areas
Additional Central Assistance: Rs.182.0 crores over 5 years(Rastriya Krishi Vikas Yojana or National Agriculture Development Fund-Rs. 25,000) Benefits per ha – Rs.5,400 Total benefits: Rs.1485 crores over 5 years
Community managed organic farming
End-to-end solution: seed to marketing Technical support from KVKs, Agri Dept 1st step - Non pesticidal management, move to organic farming over a period
of 5 years Seed banks - self sufficiency in cereals, pulses and oilseeds Farmer driven extension systems, best practising farmers, village level
farmer activists Institutional Credit through S.H.G – bank linkage Integration with N.R.E.G.S for soil fertility improvement and moisture
conservation
Moving forward… Enhancing and Managing Natural Resources Improving the soil health and productivity Focus on vegetables Community Resource Persons – best practitioners Convergence with Star Procurement Centres Convergence with Food Security Program Convergence with NREGA Convergence with KVKs, ATMAs, Horticulture Mission,
Department of Agriculture, Department of Horticulture and Agriculture University