A New Beginning In Waste Treatment

The Company was founded in the USA in 1991.

James Titmas, Chairman & Technology Inventor, has 50+ years of waste treatment experience.

24 international patents already awarded. New patents pending.

Expert scientific advisory council to consult and assist on all aspects of waste processing.

An ongoing commitment to improve our technology in meeting and exceeding our goals.

GeneSyst International, Inc.

In the Beginning…

“To establish and develop viable, sustainable, domestic biomass corporations that produce renewable bio-fuels, bio-products and bio-power, which will enhance energy security, reduce dependence on oil, provide environmental benefits, including reduced greenhouse gas emissions, and create economic opportunities”.

Vision

“To develop and transform the renewable and abundant biomass resources of India into cost competitive, high performance bio-fuels, bio-products, and bio-power. This will be achieved through targeted research, development, and demonstration, leading to deployment in integrated bio-refineries, and supported through private and public partnerships”.

Mission Statement

“We in the sanitary engineering profession have known for a long time what the ideal waste treatment tool should be like. It must actually destroy waste or convert it to a useful product. It must do this in a closed system. No shell game. No conversion from waste in water, to air or land or back again. It must be economically competitive. It must confirm the effectiveness of the procedure before the waste is released from control. The waste must be so processed faster than it is being created. The greater the population density and extant, the higher the standard for waste control must be. It must accomplish the task at hand without leaving the site of waste creation and not depend on cross country or cross global transport.”James Titmas

GeneSyst International Chairman’s Message

A Typical Plant

Global Presence

License… Signed and Sealed

James Titmas and B.K.Rao (3 Feb 2008)

“To take something that otherwise creates pollution and profitably transform it into something useful”.

Our Purpose

To provide the most viable business case for our nation’s energy security.

To utilize an alternative bio-fuel raw material feedstock that will not compete with world food supply and our nation’s food security.

To provide a simple, efficient and profitable commercial scale process for the conversion of waste cellulosic biomass into bio-fuel.

Our Ultimate Goal

Wood and Saw Mill Waste

Paper, the Pulp and its Waste

Types of Waste

Parks and Garden Waste

Construction and Demolition Debris

Food & Drinks Production Waste & Discards

Pharmaceutical Waste

Municipal Solid Waste

Waste Water (Sewage) Sludge

Types of Waste

Forestry Waste (tree, bark and undergrowth trimmings)

Agricultural Waste (rice, corn, oats, wheat straw, groundnut, coconut)

Bio-diesel Waste (production mash arising from jatropha and other oil seed crops)

Bio-ethanol Waste (production mash arising from sugar baggasse, beet, corn, wheat, and their straws)

Sources of Cellulosic Biomass Waste

cont.

Food Crop Waste (beans, carrots, peas, potatoes)

Fruit Crop Waste (including waste arising from vineyards)

Dedicated Crops (such as Elephant Grass and Switchgrass.)

Sources of Cellulosic Biomass Waste

A: It’s a two step process

Step 1:

Step 2:

Ethanol

Q: How is Ethanol produced from Cellulosic Biomass?

Cellulosic Biomass under high pressure and at high temperatures can be converted into Saccharides using the well recognized process known as “Weak Acid Hydrolysis”.

Using our special yeast we then ferment and subsequently distill the Saccharides into Ethanol. A molecular sieve is then utilized to make the Ethanol anhydrous.

It was first observed in 1828 it was developed as a ‘batch process’.

The acid is used as a catalyst and when oxygen is introduced the process is highly exothermic.

Weak Acid Hydrolysis is a time-tested proven success.

Weak Acid Hydrolysis

The raw material, Cellulose, is a long chain molecule of Saccharides. This is a ‘Polysaccharide’ which varies greatly from a few hundred sugar units in wood pulp and flax to over 6000 in cotton.

This Polysaccharide molecule has to be broken down to smaller units to free the individual Saccharides.

What is Cellulose?

Crystalline Cellulose

Hydrolysate

Percentages of components

Field-based agricultural crop residues production in India

Processing-based agricultural crop residues production in India

Characteristics of Municipal Solid Waste

State-wise solid waste generation in Class-1 cities

Annual MSW generated in Indian Cities

Landfill Land Requirement

Emission of Methane from Landfills

Potential Organic Matter for Green House Gas (Methane) Generation

Cellulosic Ethanol can achieve much greater energy and GHG benefits.

Cellulosic Ethanol Plants will be significantly more efficient than Corn Ethanol Plants.

Cellulosic waste biomass does not take away food from the mouths of the hungry and the poor.

In fact there is more Ethanol extractable from the waste than from the Corn / Molasses feedstock.

Cellulosic Ethanol vs. Corn / Molasses Ethanol

Ethanol and Gasoline Comparison

Energy in different fuels

Reductions in Per-Km GHG Emissions by Ethanol Blend to Displace Gasoline

E85 Made from Cellulosic Ethanol, Can Significantly Reduce GHG Emissions

-2% -2%-6%

-23%

-17%

-64%

-80%

-60%

-40%

-20%

0%

E10 GV: DMCorn EtOH

E10 GV: WMCorn EtOH

E10 GV: Cell.EtOH

E85 FFV: DMCorn EtOH

E85 FFV: WMCorn EtOH

E85 FFV:Cell. EtOH

GHG Emission Reductions

Reduction on Per Litre Basis of Ethanol (EtOH) Used

-26%

-18%

-85%

-29%

-21%

-86%

-100%

-80%

-60%

-40%

-20%

0%

E10 GV: DMCorn EtOH

E10 GV: WMCorn EtOH

E10 GV: Cell.EtOH

E85 FFV: DMCorn EtOH

E85 FFV: WMCorn EtOH

E85 FFV: Cell.EtOH

Process Overview

GeneSyst International, Inc. is the exclusive source of Licensing the patents known as the gravity pressure vessel, also known as the Titmas process.

The gravity pressure vessel is a continuous pressure cooker without moving parts. By using high transient pressure it is practical to work at higher transient temperatures in a fast reaction chamber.

By using higher transient temperatures less acid can be used to induce short interval very weak acid hydrolysis. By rapid quenching of the hydrolysis reaction high yields of saccharides from cellulose are obtained.

This is the key to the needed reaction to convert cellulose fibers to sugars for subsequent fermentation to ethanol.

The Titmas Process

The gravity pressure vessel is unique in that most of the heat to conduct the cooking procedure is recovered and used within the vessel.

The gravity pressure vessel hangs in a vacuum chamber within a steel and concrete casement protected by the earth strata.

The gravity pressure vessel process simplicity, efficiency and capacity of hundreds of tons of cellulosic material per day makes it the most economical and practical solution to converting waste materials to ethanol.

By processing cellulosic waste in water, the entire production facility can be designed as a diminimus emission procedure, readily permitted under environmental regulations.

The Titmas Process

THE CONVERSION OF CELLULOSIC BIOMASS TO ETHANOL

Schematic Diagram of the Titmas Process

Upon receipt of the Waste, it is sorted. Any residual glass, plastics, grit or metal fragments are separated in a simple stripping procedure.

The Process

It is then chopped to particles of about 40mm and mixed with water and macerated to produce smaller particles of around 10mm.

The Process

The mix is then sent through sedimentation tanks, where the contents is heated to over 80oCelsius.

This allows light and dense materials to separate readily, so that they can be collected separately for subsequent reuse.

The Process

The resultant Cellulose mash is drawn off and piped to the GeneSyst patented Gravity Pressure Vessel.

The Process

It consists of a pipe annulus with a domed bottom about 700 meters long placed in a vacuum chamber which is sealed in an external containment casing typical of a water borehole.

The liquid flows down the outer annulus and up the inner pipe. A weak acid which acts as a catalyst is injected near the base.

The disassociation of the Polysaccharides takes a few seconds and is highly exothermic.

The hot liquid rises up the inner pipe transferring heat to the down flowing liquid in the outer annulus feed.

The acid is immediately neutralized with an alkali.

It is a continuous process no materials escape.

There are no moving parts, all the materials are sterilized.

What is the Gravity Pressure Vessel?

Mother Nature > 10 Million Years… GeneSyst < 10 Seconds

After passing through the Gravity Pressure Vessel the Saccharide mixture is then passed to a second closed sedimentation tank.

Here the remaining inorganic dense and lightweight particles including oxidized heavy metals are removed for beneficial reuse.

The Saccharides are then stripped of other valuable organic byproducts and passed forward for fermentation to Ethanol.

All the tanks and plants used in the Biomass Ethanol Process are enclosed or covered.

All the items of the plants used in the Biomass Ethanol Process are made from equipment typically used in the Water or Waste Water Treatment Industry.

After passing the GPV

By using the Gravity Pressure Vessel, the efficiency of converting Celluloses to Saccharides is significantly enhanced from present traditional methods.

Potential Saccharide yield of up to 85% of actual theoretical yield may be attained.

As a result of using the Gravity Pressure Vessel the range of Cellulose Materials that can be converted to the Saccharides is widened to include the Biomass from Municipal Solid Waste.

The process can quickly adapt to significant increases or reductions in flow rates – a five to one ratio is possible.

GPV Advantage

Compact Site – Typically 4 to 8 Hectares

Typical plant layouts

Apeldoorn, Netherlands

Totally Enclosed No Chimney…No Emissions

No Odors !

Impact Summary

The Conversion of Municipal Wastes for Profit

Economic Impact

Environmental Impact

Legislative and Liability Impact

Beneficial Use Impact

Money paid for this service stays in and re-circulates in the municipality in the form of wages paid for labor and support services.

Economic Impact

It is estimated that if a city’s waste were converted to Ethanol, as much as 25% or more of vehicular fuels needed in the city could be produced in the city, thus reducing the drain of urban dollars for imported goods and services as well as avoiding capital drain from waste exporting services.

This program reduces the demands from wastes collection and transport on the infrastructure of roads within the city.

The use of renewable organic material produces no net gain in greenhouse gas as the sources are not fossil fuels.

Environmental Impact

Any fuel that will reduce the residuals of the partial combustion of fossil fuels will result in cleaner air and reduced health risks.

The process can be built in the city because it has no emissions or odors, with obvious economic advantages in collection and efficiency.

Wastes separation for the process done at central service centers increasing efficiency, safety & efficacy in both collection & salvage yield.

Legislative and Liability Impact

The city would not have to export wastes to other jurisdictions thereby gaining control over liabilities and reliability of wastes management practices.

Because the process is based on private enterprise incentives and costs benefits, no flow control or artificial legislative regulation is mandated.

The process meets and sets the standard for present & anticipated waste disposal regulations.

Every land fill with biodegradable organic debris will putrefy over time resulting in the loss of containment of entire biodegradable materials.

Once collected and delivered, and using local labor, the wastes will be converted to products including Ethanol (an automobile fuel oxidant), Furfural (an industrial chemical), Yeast (a protein food supplement), Liquid Carbon Dioxide (used for flash freezing foods), Urea (used as fertilizer), Lime (used for road foundations and agriculture), Acetic acid (used in industry), & other products.

Beneficial Use Impact

The conversion to these products have the advantage that they can be stored or transported without significant loss in value.

Ethanol, as a clean burning and portable fuel, has a market value (heat content / heat content) many times the market economic value of other fuels

Transitional Considerations

Most every community already has some method at hand to deal with the disposition of waste materials. It involves either public or private investment in collection, transport, destruction or storage of waste.

The appropriate path is to introduce the new technology and then, over time, ramp in a greater percentage of market share based on several factors like employee and staff / administrative training, public education & acceptance, proven efficacy & efficiency on that community's waste materials and the reasonable allocation of time for the amortization of the investment in the existing wastes management infrastructure.

The emerging technology should join forces with the existing wastes management processes

The community consensus

What is not obvious how a community interacts to accept the process of investment in time, energy and resources of all types to accomplish any critical need of a metropolitan area.

The need is to accept that a community acts as a "ROUND TABLE" to accomplish long term and vital needs of the community.

In fact it does take time for a host of various interest groups to concur in how the resources of the people will be used.

The educators

The lawyers

The legislature

The medical profession

The People

The financier

The public agency administrator

The public media interests

The environmental advocate interests

What is our role?

Our role in all this, by our own choice, is to be that of a person that offers a solution to all these parties that have been listed here as role makers.

We are just one tooth in a gear with many teeth. This wheel must turn for many years before each tooth knows what the other teeth are doing, and what they know about what the others know, to have impact.

Risks and Liabilities

Training considerations

Fundamental design approaches

Insurance coverage

Safety Planning

Qualified subcontract specialists

Insurance Bonds

Other Considerations

The adaptation of any process

All enterprises have liabilities.

Any liabilities that can be identified prior to the fact can be mitigated using techniques common to the arts of design, construction, and good management.

Those that can not be predicted will occur and impact the return on investment.

By prudent administration, these will become one time expenses and controlled through expanding on one or more of the previously described liability control measures.

The single most important factor in limiting liability is education and understanding by the principals and the investor.

Can be made from all kinds of municipal solid waste

Can be stored without loss of value

Can be shipped without loss of value

Eliminates the health hazards of waste storage

Eliminates the long term liability of waste storage

Can be produced within the community

Has a vital recirculation of wealth benefit

Meets the aims of sustainability

Eliminates greenhouse gas from waste storage

United GeneSyst Ethanol Advantage

Financially self supporting business model.

Wealth retained within the community.

Satisfies all current & projected environmental objectives.

An up to date use of long established engineering arts.

A permanent solution of waste problems.

United GeneSyst Advantage

Words of Wisdom

Exclusive license holder for the GeneSyst patents in all regions of India. “State-of-the-Art“ waste to profit conversion technology.

Full training and comprehensive process description.

Biomass index (availability and efficacy).

United GeneSyst Associates India Private Limited

Experienced international expert consulting team.

Extremely sound investment opportunity that fits today's trend to transform waste to energy and other by-products.

And…

United GeneSyst Associates India Private Limited

The opportunity for you to participate in our “cutting edge” Titmas technology projects and contribute in creating a cleaner India for our generation and for all future generations yet to come.

Most importantly…

Words of Wisdom