a lesson from sustainable tourism through adaptation...

SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN TOURISM:

A Lesson from Sustainable Tourism through Adaptation and Mitigation Measures (STREAM) - Creating Low Carbon Destination

Framework Indonesia

byDR. Frans Teguh, MA

Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy of the Republic of Indonesia

UNWTO INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON TOURISM AND CLIMATE CHANGELegazpi City, 20 May 2014

Sustainable Tourism Development :Low Carbon Destination Framework

in Indonesia

Initiative, Action and Practices: STREAM Programme

Challenges and Steps Forward

SCOPE OF PRESENTATION

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SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT:LOW CARBON DESTINATION FRAMEWORK IN INDONESIA

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BACKGROUNDImpact of Climate Change

Source : Philipp Ehmer, 2008, DB Research

Natural Hazards : increasing temperature, decreasing rainfall, increasingprecipitation, sea level rise, floods, tropical cyclones, drought, weatherextremes; Carbondioxide emissions; Vulnerability, Susceptibility, Lack ofCoping Capacities, Lack of Adaptive Capacities

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Emission share from Tourism Industry

Source: UNWTO-UNEP, 2008

Sub - sector CO2 in MT Percentage Air transport 515 40%Car 420 32%Other transport 45 3%Accomodation 274 21%Activities 48 4%Total tourism 1.302 100%Total world according to IPCC 2007 26.400Share of Tourism in total world 5%

Tourism sector’s contribution to global anthropogenic CO2 emissions is in the order of just 5% (in 2005). Accommodation is responsible for an estimated 21% of emissions from tourism (UNWTO-UNEP-WMO

2008).

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Economic EnvironmentSocial

IMPACTS

VisitorsIndustryHost

Community

NEEDS

Sustainable Tourism Development in Indonesia

Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability offuture generations to meet their own needs, which leads to the needs of tourists,industry, the environment and local communities in destinations (UNWTO, 2002)

One of the lessons from the drive to implement the MDGs is that full andproductive employment and decent work for all is both an objective and ameans of achieving sustainable development with social inclusion andgreater equity (Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, 2013)

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Spatial Entity

Economics/Business

Entity

Social CultureEntity

Ecological and

Environment Entity

TOURISM DESTINATION ENTITY

Production base of creating experiences, quality of resources and quality of life

Uniqueness/Authenticy/Originality, Locality , Point

of Difference

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TOURISM VALUE CHAIN MANAGEMENT

Value Changes Covering Forward and Backward linkages

Agriculture Marine & Fishery

Forestry Economics Environment Land use Community

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STRATEGY: THE LINK BETWEEN DESTINATION AND ITS ENVIRONMENT

THE DESTINATION

CO2 Mitigation:

(Estimate the size current and future emissions, analysis cost of mitigation initiates)

Economic Development :

(Analyze strength and weakness, new sources of growth but less carbon emissions)

Adaptation :

(Analyze future climate treats, explore adaptation measures and cost occurred)

Institution Enablers :

(Develop strategy for critical enablers – money, spatial planning, community engagement, and cost occurred)

STRATEGY

DESTINATION MANAGEMENT

ENVIRONMENTSUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT

CO2Mitigation

AdaptationEconomic Development

Institutional Enablers

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(Chapter I - Law No. 10 .2009 about Tourism)

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Mandate of Sustainable Tourism Development

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Tourism development in Indonesia is in line with the ethics and

principles of sustainable Tourism

Development.

Tourism development in Indonesia is based on

benefit, kinship, fair and equitable, balance, self-

reliance, continuity, participatory, sustainable development, democratic,

equality, and unity.

Tourism Destination Development Goals: increase economic growth,

improve people’s welfare, eradicate poverty, overcome unemployment,

preserve the nature, environment and resources, promote the culture, raise the nation’s image, foster a sense of patriotism, strengthen the nations’

identity and unity, and strengthen the intern-nation friendship.

(Chapter II - Law No. 10 .2009 about Tourism)

(Chapter II, Article 3 - Law No. 10 .2009 about

Tourism)

POLICYSustainable Tourism Development Policy

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Low Carbon Destination Framework: Concept and Understanding

...

Low Carbon Destination significantly emphasizes on anenvironmental-friendly approach with regards to a measurablyneutral/zero carbon practices through mitigation andadaptation of climate change’s actions for all affected cross-sectors in the value chain of destination (water, agriculture,marine and fishery, health, energy, forestry and peat land,waste, industry, and transportation sector).

Serve as detailed policy guidance and mainstreaming tool andaffirmative implementation for the sectoral and cross-sectoraldevelopment programs responding to climate change.Neutral/zero carbon practices onto all aspects of developmentof tourism destination (planning and controlling)

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Low Carbon Destination Framework: Objective & Output

Mitigation and adaptation aims to reduce GHG emissions through low carbondestinationGoal

Objective

Output

• Serve as detailed policy guidance and mainstreaming tool for the sectoraland cross-sectoral development programs to take up climate change into allaspects of development planning

• Increase community awareness on Ecological protection• relate to global climate change and on how low carbon destination will

positively contribute in sustainable tourism destination• Reduce unnecessary resource waste, improve energy management, increase

energy efficiency, and utilizing energy storage technology.• Reduce the use of fossil fuels: Adopt renewable energies and fossil fuel

alternatives, use bio-degradable materials, and reduce our dependence onfossil fuels

• Repositioning and rebranding destination’s image as low carbon destination

To preserve environment, better life quality of community, visitors andcommunity satisfaction and reduce emission through mitigation and adaptation

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Low Carbon Destination Framework: : Indicators & Measurements

Sustainable Development in Tourism

Low Carbon Destination

• Existing and Future Climate Threats

• Adaptation measures

• Capacity Building

• Promoting Green Product

• Lower –neutral/zero carbon emissions

• Size of current and future GHG emission

• Energy Efficiency and Audit in Hotel, Restaurant, services, food

• Carbon footprint

• Utilization of Green IT

•Sustainable measurement

Reducing ecological threats : flooding, landslide, droughts, fires, pollution and ecosystem and supply chain degradation

Measuring, Reporting and Verification

Certification and Labeling in Sustainable Development

•Sustainable livelihood

•Involvement Community based development

•Local incentive and initiative

•Research and development

AdaptationProgram

MitigationEmissionsand Energy Efficiency

Ecological protection

Community engagement

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Low-carbon tourism development

Media [Propaganda &

supervision]

Acedemia[Education and

technology support]

Non-profit organization [Supervision, assistance

and mutual help]

Agriculture and industry [Low-carbon production

and processing]

Visitors [Low-carbon

consumption]

Local community [Low-carbon production and life]

Protection organization [Supervision and

coordination]

Other entities

Volunteer organization [Propaganda with

supervision]

Government [management & plan]

Low Carbon Destination Framework: Stakeholder Involvement

Sumber: Adaptasi Berbagai Referensi , 2014

Concept of Sustainable Development Framework in Tourism

SDSN

GSTC

Sustainalble Development Goal

Agenda 21

Sustainable Consumption and Production

BACKGROUND

Sustainable Development in

Torurism

Sustainable Development

Tourism

Development

Konvergensi Sustainable Development in Tourism

Stream-lining Sustainable Develoment in Tourism

Strategic Issue

Strategic Value

Economic

PROGRAM

National Sustainable Tourism Council dan/ Sustainable Tourism Stewardship Council

Launch and global network

Destination Scoping

Sustainable Development in Tourism training

On Site Destination Assesment

Monitoring, blue

Recration Education Ecology

Social/Culture

Local Community

Marine & Fishery Forestry

Finance

QUALITY OF TOURISM

ACTION PLAN

Ecolabel and LCD

Green Tourism, Green Hotel

Akreditasi

Sertifikasi

Adaptasi Mitigasi

School of Interpretation

KLH DNPI

UKP4 BAPPENAS Depdagri

Sustainable Principles

Sustainable Livelihood

Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC), Sustainable Travel

International (STI), Rainforest Alliance (RA) dan United Nations

Concept of Sustainable Development Framework in Tourism

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Low Carbon Destination Model & Platform

-Baseline- Indicator

- Audit- Monitoring

Culture - Tourism

Slow Tourism

Ecotourism

Sustainable LivelihoodSustainable DevelopmentSustainable Resources

Low Carbon Destination &

STD

BlueEconomy

Green Economy

ClimateChange

Energy AuditMitigationAdaptation

- Sustainability- low carbon

- social inclusiveness- efisiensi sumber daya

- Green products- Green service

- nature’s efficiency- zero waste- social inclusiveness - cyclic system of

production- innovation and

adaptation - social- geographical- economical- cultural

Geo-tourism

Profit/Benefit

People Planet

Bussiness Management

Extrintricvalue

LeadershipCoordination

PolicyAccountability

InstrumentValue

IntrinsicValue

EnduranceAwarenessParticipationOwnership ethics aesthetic economy

Destination

Value Orientation

Asimetric Balance/Dinamiic Balance

Source: Teguh, Frans 201218

Initiatives, Actions and Practices: STREAM Programme2

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Roadmap on Sustainable Development in Tourism: Initiative and Action

Trihita Karana AwardCipta Award

Convergence ASEAN Tourism

Standard

Green HotelStandard Award

International Conference on Sustainable Development

Launching National Council on STD

Southeast Asia Regional Hub UNSDSN

Annual event on January: recognizes

environmentally-conscious hotels that

have shown excellence in green practices and

performed exceptionally-well under the ASEAN Green Hotel Standard

Annual event on October: a form of appreciation on the management of a

destination that have shown sustainability

measures pertaining to the environment, the economy, and culture

Annual event on December; award given to hotel

industry that have shown commitment to educate and

work on this initiative, particularly through our

ongoing support towards education, social welfare

and environmental initiatives

ASEAN criterias, standards and

requirements for : green hotel, Food and

Beverage Services,Public Restroom,

Home Stay, Ecotourism, Tourism

Heritage

6 October 2013Mobilizing scientific and technical expertise from academia, civil society,

and private sector in support of sustainable

development measures at local, national and

global scales asSDSN Southeast Asia Regional Hubs and

Indonesia

5- 6 october 2013Intensified challenges like climate change,

biodiversity loss, escalating scarcity of natural resources and growing urbanizationAnd plan to have ICSD

2014

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National Working Group

• Policy on CC & SD, Low Carbon Scheme• Adaptation & Mitigation Program• Community Engagement & Capacity

Building• Stakeholder Involvement (Ownership &

Responsibility)• Scheme of Certification & Labelling in SD• Piloting Sustainable Destination Certified

& Destination Assessment, Standard & Monitoring, Training, Capacity Building

• MRV, Communication Mechanism on CC & Crisis Management

Initiated by Stakeholder Forum on 17 March 2014

and by September 2014Regional Hub for

Sustainable Tourism Council

Carbon Footprint in Tourism : Initiative and Action

Phase III: FacilitiesSetting targets and providing hospitality sector baseline

emission reduction obligations for the hospitality sector segments ready;

Applying the emission trading mechanism basic elements with the option of setting off the other

segments.

Phase II: Activities

Provide emission reporting obligations for certain hotel segment with a mechanism carrot sticks & clear (eg, associated with

the category of assessment);

Provide labeling / green hotel award with one of its parameters is the performance of the benchmark

emissions;

Make emission reduction commitments through union /

association

Phase I: ServiceDetermine the baseline of hospitality sector based on business scenario as

usual and mitigation potential and costs;

Determining benchmarks or standardized baseline for certain hotel groups that are updated periodically;

Socialization of PI mitigation benefits and potential use of carbon markets (CDM /

VCM / SKN) as incentive financing

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Ministry of Tourism & Creative Economy, NGO, UNWTO

STREAM Programme in PangandaranAs a major tourism destination in West Java, Pangandaran faces both opportunitiesand threats from tourism. Continuous degradation of natural resources and culturalvalues are the cost it has to pay.Supported by UNWTO and MTCE; local community of Pangandaran and localgovernment of Ciamis have initiated tourism planning which combine environmentalconsideration and biodiversity conservation to tourism development. Local communitygroups have started adaptation initiatives by developing coral adoption tours fortourists. UNWTO and MTCE will continue its support until 2012 in developingmitigation measures in Energy Efficiency program; together with local hotel, touroperators, and business.

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Joint Venture : Initiative and Action

STREAM Programme in Pangandaran

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Planning and

Policy

Sabuk Hijauarea

established by the local

village

Village Tourism

Management Body (Badan

PengelolaPariwisata

Desa/LP2B)

Planting Mangrove and Coral

Reef

3000 coastal plants

More than 1000

seedlings

More than 1400

fragments of coral

Renewable Energy

Solar energy boat

Wind power electricity

Solar panel for bulaksetra

Solar panel for coast guard

Tourism Attractions

Development in

Pangandaran

Tourism packages

(mangrove tour)

Around 300 tourists

Tourist supporting

facilities, icon and tourism information

centre

Awareness and

Capacity Building

Mangrove ambassadors program with

18 schools

Guidebook for tourist

guide

Social Media

National and International

Film

STREAM Achievements: Adaptation

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Mangrove Nursery Ground

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Mangrove Plantation

Gradual Plantation:• Initial seedlings taken from outside

Pangandaran• Current seedlings from within

Pangandaran

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STREAM Achievements: AdaptationCreating seedlings nursery ground organized by the community

Mangrove PlantationMangrove Nursery

Mangrove seedlings stock for Pangandaran area and surroundings

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Trainings for the community, local government and teachers, were

done gradually according to plantation phase

Mangrove NurseryMangrove Plantation

Capacity building and environmental awareness

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• Stakeholders agreement;• Local government launched

Bulaksetra as the GREEN BELT AREA in BabakanVillage

Establishing Babakan Village Tourism Management Body (Lembaga Pengelola PariwisataDesa Babakan)

Planning and Policy

Development of New Tourist Attractions

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Alternatives for Entry Points Location of Tourism Objects

Mangrove Education Centre and Village

open area

Watertubingand Outbond

area

Shelter and Interpretation

Mangrove bridge and

floating deck

Education hut and

Nursery AreaBoat dock

PutrapingganRiver Bridge

Boat dock

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Development of mangrove adoption tour packagesPromotion, tour promo, coordination with tour operators

Development of New Tourist Attractions

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Mangrove Ambassadors Programme with 18 schools in PangandaranBE AN ADOPTER!

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Trainings for BKSDA, yachters, were done gradually for plantation stage


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Ecosystem restoration should be a collective sustainable movement

Everybody’s planting, everybody’s preserving 38


STREAM Intervention: Mitigation

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STREAM Achievements: Mitigation

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STREAM Lesson Learnt: Mitigation

• Most small hotels have poor knowledge and skills on managing hotel that meet certain quality standard

• Developing energy efficiency program at small hotel and restaurant: Requires flexibility of activities component, yet clear goal and strategies Need patience, determination and creativity

• Build energy efficiency culture in the institution requires continuous assistance and commitment

• Successful energy efficiency program requires leadership and commitment from top management and owners

• Technology is not everything. Institutional capacity to operate and maintain technology is needed to ensure the technology deliver their best performance to cut energy cost

• Seeing is believing – small hotel sees new technology as risk to their business. Once they believe, it is easier.

• In average, energy consumption of small hotel in Pangandaran is 70-80% lower of average typical energy consumption of hotel in Europe (320kWh/m2)

• Engaging local stakeholders at the first place helps to smoothen project implementation41


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National Cooperation Scheme : Initiative & Action

• Reduce carbon footprint of the tourism sector, in line with the Government ofIndonesia’s policy, to transfer technology and building capacity.

• Increase the sector’s awareness to the importance of direct engagement inensuring healthy ecosystems, while generating revenue streams to fundconservation efforts led by provincial communities.

• Walkthrough energy audit conducted: St Regis, Melia Bali Hotel, Nusa Dua Convention Center (approached to participate: Ayodya, Melia Benoa, Laguna, Clubmed)

• Approaching more hotels in Bali to participate• Identification of financing scheme for energy efficiency implementation in

hotels• Carbon market feasibility study• Developing conservation fund management and distribution scheme

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National Cooperation : Initiative and Action

• Program on showcase movie on Climate change impacts in 4 Institute of Tourism in Indonesia

• Education is important factor to imply sustainable concept• Training and education direct to Tourism frontline actors (tourist guide etc.)• Climate change and Sustainable tourism should be mandatory in Sekolah Tinggi

Pariwisata (Institute of Tourism) • How to raise community awareness that CSR is not philanthropy act but should be

included within business supply chain• Educating in form of capacity building to procurement actors focusing on sustainable

production and consumption• Improving management system by ISO 50001 certification (energy)

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National Cooperation Scheme : Initiative and Action

• Encourage hotel willingness to participate in the program as most hotels are member of Indonesian Chamber of Commerce.

• Offers other stakeholder to join Indonesia Business council for working group. A working group in energy efficiency, WBSD (world business for sustainable development).

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Green Globe 21 CertificationReceived GREEN GLOBE 21 Benchmarked Certificate (2004)under the new GREEN GLOBE 21 Certification program. Ithas a series of mitigation measures, covering its energy andwater consumption, waste production and disposal; as wellas implementing an integrated environmental and socialpolicy. (pic: Gran Melia Hotel, Jakarta)

Lodges IndonesiaEcolodge - local chain hotel is deeply committed to theconservation of this rich biodiversity area. All five lodges tryto implement modest mitigation measures; while alsocontributing to adaptation initiative by putting apercentage of revenue to developing and supporting arange of conservation projects in the surrounding areas.Similar initiatives are also tried by other lodges, i.e.Sambodja. (pic: Sarinbuana Ecolodge, Bali)

Environmentally-friendly HotelAt the moment they are quite many environmentally friendly hotels operating in Indonesia. It ranges from international chain hotels who have received international awards; local chain lodges, and also small lodges.

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National Scheme : Initiative and Action


Waste Management• Stocktaking of current initiatives and challenges• Implementation of several show cases on waste management

Energy efficiency and renewable energy (with hotel and local community)• Organisation of workshops on energy efficiency and renewable energies in hotels and identification of

training needs• Implementation of several show cases on energy efficiency and renewable energy in the hotels and local

communities Eco-certification / eco-label for green tourism products, e.g. accommodation, diving, trekking,

and village activities• Development of a concept for an Indonesian eco-label scheme based on international best practices, e.g.

linkage to the Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC)• Feedback from stakeholders on the suggested eco-certification scheme• Development of a concept for an eco-certification scheme and identification of cooperation partners

from the private sector• Needs-based training measures• Introduction of the eco-certification scheme in Lombok

Streamlining Low Carbon Destination• Environment sustainability• Safety and security• Transportation• Infrastructure in Tourism

• Education in human resources• Resources management• Activities• Services

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• In cooperation with Sustainable Tourism in a global possible consortium scheme involvingWorld Tourism Organization (UNWTO) to determine Destination Scoping, Training,Assessment, Standardization and certification platform in line with international standard

• Increasing Global Networking; formulate an action plan/blue print for selected destination asthe pilot project/demonstration program and to formulate an integrated SustainabilityObservatory with local/regional tourism plan

• Networking and stakeholders cooperation involving elements of academia,bussiness/industry, government (central and local), community, NGOs and Media

• Establishing National working group consist of Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy,Ministry of Forestry, Ministry of Environment, Ministry of Marine and Fishery, WWFIndonesia, National Watch for Climate Change, KADIN Indonesia dan Member/Expert


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• Tourism eco region-based development is under GreenInvestment scheme (in cooperation with InvestmentCoordinationg Board)

• Integrating eco region development with the spatialplanning, mid-term development plan and database ofRegency, (cooperation with Eco Regions Indonesia/ERI)

• Hard and soft infrastructure to secure and promotesustainable economic development

• A catalogue of sustainable materials and technologies to beused

• Certified Sustainable Tourism Destination Plan forTamblingan Wildlife Nature Conservation, Komodo Island inFlores and Raja Ampat


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Challenges and Steps Forward3

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Challenges and Steps ForwardAccelerating National Platform on Sustainable Tourism Master Plan & Sustainable Observatory Program

(incl. technical cooperation with UNWTO and other agencies)Carrying out multilayer partnership and multilevel coordination in the implementation of Sustainable

Development in Tourism & Low Carbon Destination Framework.Promoting Local Knowledge Management (balancing ethics value, aesthetics value, economics value) and

creating a good MRV System for measuring emissions change and implement adaptation measures to makethe destination more resilient to climate change.

Strengthening innovative actions : energy efficiency and audit, renewable resources, education in climatechange, green infrastructure, green city, green building, environmental friendly industry, innovation andtechnology, green investment, carbon market, carbon footprint and green business as well as green programin tourism, for example: bringing best practices of STREAM project to be replicated to other destinationsbeyond Pangandaran under national & international scheme of cooperation

Encouraging Stakeholder awareness on Environmental Friendly Activities as an agent/party of climatechange - not as business as usual

Optimising Synergize all stakeholders efforts to tourism and hospitality sector creating SustainableDevelopment in Tourism & Low Carbon Destination Framework

Establishing National Council on Sustainable Development in Tourism as a strategic institution in creatingSustainable Destination Certified/Label, and promoting quality of destination in cooperation with nationaland international institutions

Undertaking Market analysis and trends on slow tourism product, eco-friendly product of tourismEncouraging resources management program and activity to include social, economic, environment,

competitiveness, attractiveness, and sustainability Strengthening Regional & National Political Will and Political Budgets to integrate sustainable development

targets and measures. 51

Earth, water, and the natural riches they containshall be controlled by the state and used for theprosperity of the people.Indonesian Constitution 1945, Article Number 33

The world is a dangerous place to live, notbecause of the people who are evil, but becauseof the people who don’t do anything about it.Albert Einstein

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TerimakasihThank You

Maraming Salamat

a lesson from sustainable tourism through adaptation...

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