a história do mormonismo - por james edward talmage

8/12/2019 A História do Mormonismo - Por James Edward Talmage

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Title3 The Story of "Mormonism"

4uthor3 James E. Talmage

-elease %ate3 May, 5667 8EBook 9:;<6=8'es, e are more than one year ahea$ of sche$ule=8This file as first !oste$ on July 5;, 5665=

E$ition3 /6

>anguage3 English

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TE ST?-' ?* "M?-M?A&SM"

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TE P&>?S?P' ?* "M?-M?A&SM"

By James E. Talmage, %. Sc., *. -. S. E.

P-E*4E

The Story of "Mormonism" as !resente$ in the folloing !agesis a re#ise$ an$ reconstructe$ #ersion of lectures $eli#ere$ by %r.James E. Talmage at the @ni#ersity of Michigan, ornell@ni#ersity, an$ elsehere. The "Story" first a!!eare$ in !rintas a lecture re!ort in the &m!ro#ement Era, an$ as afterar$issue$ as a booklet from the office of the Millennial Star,>i#er!ool. &n /0/6 it as issue$ in a re#ise$ form by the Bureauof &nformation at Salt >ake ity, in hich e$ition the lecturestyle of $irect a$$ress as change$ to the or$inary form ofessay. The !resent or thir$ 4merican e$ition has been re#ise$an$ am!lifie$ by the author.

The "Story" has been translate$ an$ !ublishe$ abroa$. 4lrea$y#ersions ha#e a!!eare$ in Se$ish, mo$ern Greek, an$ -ussian.

The subject matter of The Philoso!hy of "Mormonism" as first!resente$ as a lecture $eli#ere$ by %r. Talmage before thePhiloso!hical Society of %en#er. &t a!!eare$ later in thecolumns of the &m!ro#ement Era, an$ translations ha#e been!ublishe$ in !am!hlet form in the %anish an$ German languages.

The !resent !ublication of these to !ro$uctions is ma$e inres!onse to a stea$y $eman$.

TE P@B>&SE-S.

Salt >ake ity, @tah,March, /0/7.

TE ST?-' ?* "M?-M?A&SM"

4PTE- &

&n the min$s of many, !erha!s of the majority of !eo!le, the

scene of the "Mormon" $rama is lai$ almost entirely in @tahHin$ee$, the terms "Mormon Iuestion" an$ "@tah Iuestion" ha#e beenoften use$ interchangeably. True it is, that the $e#elo!ment of"Mormonism" is closely associate$ ith the history of thelongtime Territory an$ !resent State of @tahH but the origin ofthe system must be sought in regions far $istant from the !resentgathering!lace of the >atter$ay Saints, an$ at a !erio$ante$ating the acIuisition of @tah as a !art of our national$omain.

The term "origin" is here use$ in its commonest a!!licationthat



of the first stages a!!arent to or$inary obser#ationthe #isiblebirth of the system. But a long, long !erio$ of !re!aration ha$le$ to this !hysical coming forth of the "Mormon" religion, a!erio$ marke$ by a multitu$e of historical e#ents, some of them!rece$ing by centuries the earthly beginning of this mo$ernsystem of !ro!hetic trust. The "Mormon" !eo!le regar$ theestablishment of their hurch as the culmination of a greatseries of notable e#ents. To them it is the result of causes

unnumbere$ that ha#e o!erate$ through ages of human history, an$they see in it the cause of many $e#elo!ments yet to a!!ear.This to them establishes an intimate relationshi! beteen thee#ents of their on history an$ the !ro!hecies of ancient times.

&n rea$ing the earliest !ages of "Mormon" history, e areintro$uce$ to a man hose name ill e#er be !rominent in thestory of the hurchthe foun$er of the organiKation by commonusage of the term, the hea$ of the system as an earthlyestablishmentone ho is acce!te$ by the hurch as an ambassa$ors!ecially commissione$ of Go$ to be the first re#elator of thelatter$ay $is!ensation. This man is Jose!h Smith, commonlyknon as the "Mormon" !ro!het. -arely in$ee$ $oes history

!resent an organiKation, religious, social, or !olitical, inhich an in$i#i$ual hol$s as cons!icuous an$ in all ays asim!ortant a !lace as $oes this man in the $e#elo!ment of"Mormonism." The earnest in#estigator, the sincere truthseeker,can ignore neither the man nor his orkH for the hurch un$erconsi$eration has risen from the testimony solemnly set forth an$the startling $eclarations ma$e by this !erson, ho, at the timeof his earliest announcements, as a farmerLs boy in the firsthalf of his teens. &f his claims to or$ination un$er the han$sof $i#inely commissione$ messengers be fallacious, forming asthey form the foun$ation of the hurch organiKation, thesu!erstructure cannot stan$H if, on the other han$, such$eclarations be true, there is little cause to on$er at the

!henomenally ra!i$ rise an$ the sur!rising stability of thee$ifice so begun.

Jose!h Smith as born at Sharon, +ermont, in %ecember, /6:. eas the son of in$ustrious !arents, ho !ossesse$ strongreligious ten$encies an$ tolerant natures. *or generations hisancestors ha$ been laborers, by occu!ation tillers of the soilHan$ though comfortable circumstances ha$ generally been theirlot, re#erses an$ losses in the fatherLs house ha$ brought thefamily to !o#ertyH so that from his earliest $ays the la$ Jose!has ma$e acIuainte$ ith the !leasures an$ !ains of har$ ork.e is $escribe$ as ha#ing been more than or$inarily stu$ious forhis yearsH an$ hen that !oerful a#e of religious agitation an$

sectarian re#i#al hich characteriKe$ the first Iuarter of thelast century, reache$ the home of the Smiths, Jose!h ith othersof the family as !rofoun$ly affecte$. The househol$ becamesomehat $i#i$e$ on the subject of religion, an$ some of themembers i$entifie$ themsel#es ith the more !o!ular sectsH butJose!h, hile fa#orably im!resse$ by the Metho$ists in com!arisonith others, confesses that his min$ as sorely trouble$ o#er thecontem!lation of the strife an$ tumult eisting among thereligious bo$iesH an$ he hesitate$. e trie$ in #ain to sol#ethe mystery !resente$ to him in the arring factions of hat!rofesse$ to be the hurch of hrist. Surely, thought he, these



se#eral churches, o!!ose$ as they are to one another on hata!!ear to be the #ital !oints of religion, cannot all be right.)hile !uKKling o#er this anomaly he chance$ u!on this #erse inthe e!istle of St. James3

"&f any of you lack is$om, let him ask of Go$, that gi#eth to all men liberally, an$ u!brai$eth notH an$ it shall be gi#en him."

&n common ith so many others, the earnest youth foun$ hereithin the scri!tures, a$monition an$ counsel as $irectlya!!licable to his case an$ circumstances as if the lines ha$ beena$$resse$ to him by name. 4 brief !erio$ of hesitation, in hichhe shrank from the thought that a mortal like himself, eak,youthful, an$ unlearne$, shoul$ a!!roach the reator ith a!ersonal reIuest, as folloe$ by a humble an$ contriteresolution to act u!on the counsel of the ancient a!ostle. Theresult, to hich he bore solemn recor$ Ntestifying at first iththe sim!licity an$ enthusiasm of youth, afterar$ confirming the$eclaration ith manhoo$Ls increasing !oers, an$ at last#oluntarily sealing the testimony ith his lifeLs bloo$,O !ro#e$

most startling to the sectarian orl$a orl$ in hich accor$ingto !o!ular belief no ne re#elation of truth as !ossible. &t isa sur!rising fact that hile groth, !rogress, a$#ancement,$e#elo!ment of knon truths an$ the acIuisition of ne ones,characteriKe e#ery li#ing science, the sectarian orl$ has$eclare$ that nothing ne must be e!ecte$ as $irect re#elationfrom Go$.

The testimony of this la$ is, that in res!onse to hissu!!lication, $ran forth by the a$monition of an ins!ire$a!ostle, he recei#e$ a $i#ine ministrationH hea#enly beingsmanifeste$ themsel#es to himto, clothe$ in !urity, an$ alikein form an$ feature. Pointing to the other, one sai$, "This is

my belo#e$ Son, hear im." &n anser to the la$Ls !rayer, thehea#enly !ersonage so $esignate$ informe$ Jose!h that the S!iritof Go$ $elt not ith arring sects, hich, hile !rofessing aform of go$liness, $enie$ the !oer thereof, an$ that he shoul$join none of them. ?#erjoye$ at the glorious manifestation thusgrante$ unto him, the boy !ro!het coul$ not ithhol$ fromrelati#es an$ acIuaintances ti$ings of the hea#enly #ision. *romthe ministers, ho ha$ been so energetic in their efforts tocon#ert the boy, he recei#e$, to his sur!rise, abuse an$ri$icule. "+isions an$ manifestations from Go$," sai$ they, "areof the !ast, an$ all such things cease$ ith the a!ostles of ol$Hthe canon of scri!ture is fullH religion has reache$ its!erfection in !lan, an$, unlike all other systems contri#e$ or

acce!te$ by human kin$, is inca!able of $e#elo!ment or groth.&t is true Go$ li#es, but e cares not for is chil$ren of mo$erntimes as e $i$ for those of ancient $aysH e has shut imselfaay from the !eo!le, close$ the in$os of hea#en, an$ hassus!en$e$ all $irect communication ith the !eo!le of earth."

The !ersecution thus originating ith those ho calle$ themsel#esministers of the gos!el of hrist s!rea$ throughout thecommunityH an$ the sects that before coul$ not agree together norabi$e in !eace, became as one in their efforts to o!!ose theyouth ho thus testifie$ of facts, hich though #ehemently



$enounce$, !ro$uce$ an effect that alarme$ them the more. 4n$such a s!ectacle has ofttimes !resente$ itself before theorl$men ho cannot tolerate one another in !eace searfi$elity an$ mutual su!!ort in strife ith a common o!!onent.The im!ortance of this allege$ re#elation from the hea#ens to theearth is such as to $eman$ attenti#e consi$eration. &f a fact,it is a full contra$iction of the #ague theories that ha$ beenincreasing an$ accumulating for centuries, $enying !ersonality

an$ !arts to %eity.

&n /56, there li#e$ one !erson ho kne that the or$ of thereator, ">et us make man in our on image, after our likeness,"ha$ a meaning more than in meta!hor. Jose!h Smith, the youthful!ro!het an$ re#elator of the nineteenth century, kne that theEternal *ather an$ the ellbelo#e$ Son, Jesus hrist, ere inform an$ stature like unto !erfect menH an$ that the human familyas in #ery truth of $i#ine origin. But this on$erful #isionas not the only manifestation of hea#enly !oer an$ !ersonalityma$e to the young man, nor the only inci$ent of the kin$ $estine$to bring u!on him the fury of !ersecution. Sometime after this#isitation, hich constitute$ him a li#ing itness of Go$ unto

men, an$ hich $emonstrate$ the great fact that humanity is thechil$ of %eity, he as #isite$ by an immortal !ersonage hoannounce$ himself as Moroni, a messenger sent from the !resenceof Go$. The celestial #isitor state$ that through Jose!h as theearthly agent the >or$ oul$ accom!lish a great ork, an$ thatthe boy oul$ come to be knon by goo$ an$ e#il re!ute amongstall nations. The angel then announce$ that an ancient recor$,engra#en on !lates of gol$, lay hi$$en in a hill near by, hichrecor$ ga#e a history of the nations that ha$ of ol$ inhabite$the 4merican continent, an$ an account of the Sa#iorLsministrations among them. e further e!laine$ that ith the!lates ere to sacre$ stones, knon as @rim an$ Thummim, by theuse of hich the >or$ oul$ bring forth a translation of the

ancient recor$. Jose!h further testifies that he as tol$ thatif he remaine$ faithful to his trust an$ the confi$ence re!ose$in him, he oul$ some $ay recei#e the recor$ into his kee!ing,an$ be commissione$ an$ em!oere$ to translate it. &n $ue timethese !romises ere literally fulfille$, an$ the mo$ern #ersionof these ancient ritings as gi#en to the orl$.

The recor$ !ro#e$ to be an account of certain colonies ofimmigrants to this hemis!here from the east, ho came se#eralcenturies before the hristian era. The !rinci!al com!any asle$ by one >ehi, $escribe$ as a !ersonage of some im!ortance an$ealth, ho ha$ formerly li#e$ at Jerusalem in the reign ofe$ekiah, an$ ho left his eastern home about ;66 B.. The book

tells of the journeyings across the ater in #essels constructe$accor$ing to re#eale$ !lan, of the !eo!lesL lan$ing on theestern shores of South 4merica !robably somehere in hile, oftheir !ros!erity an$ ra!i$ groth ami$ the bounteous elements ofthe ne orl$, of the increase of !ri$e an$ conseIuent $issensionaccom!anying the accumulation of material ealth, an$ of the$i#ision of the !eo!le into factions hich became later to greatnations at enmity ith one another. ?ne !art folloing Ae!hi,the youngest an$ most gifte$ son of >ehi, $esignate$ themsel#esAe!hitesH the other faction, le$ by >aman, the el$er an$ icke$brother of Ae!hi, ere knon as >amanites.



The Ae!hites li#e$ in cities, some of hich attaine$ great siKean$ ere $istinguishe$ by great architectural beauty.ontinually a$#ancing northar$, these !eo!le in time occu!ie$the greater !art of the #alleys of the ?rinoco, the 4maKon, an$the Mag$alena. %uring the thousan$ years co#ere$ by the Ae!hiterecor$, the !eo!le crosse$ the &sthmus of Panama, hich isgra!hically $escribe$ as a neck of lan$ but a $ayLs journey from

sea to sea, an$ successi#ely occu!ie$ etensi#e tracts in hat isno Meico, the #alley of the Mississi!!i, an$ the EasternStates. &t is not to be su!!ose$ that these #ast regions ereall !o!ulate$ at any one time by the Ae!hitesH the !eo!le erecontinually mo#ing to esca!e the $e!re$ations of their here$itaryfoes, the >amanitesH an$ they aban$one$ in turn all their citiesestablishe$ along the course of migration. The un!reju$ice$stu$ent sees in the $isco#eries of the ancient an$ noforestco#ere$ cities of Meico, entral 4merica, 'ucatan, an$the northern regions of South 4merica, collateral testimonyha#ing a bearing u!on this history.

Before their more !oerful foes, the Ae!hites $in$le$ an$ fle$H

until about the year 766 4.%. they ere entirely annihilate$after a series of $ecisi#e battles, the last of hich as foughtnear the #ery hill, calle$ umorah, in the State of Ae 'ork,here the hi$$en recor$ as subseIuently re#eale$ to Jose!hSmith.

The >amanites le$ a ro#ing, aggressi#e lifeH ke!t fe or norecor$s, an$ soon lost the art of history riting. They li#e$ onthe results of the chase an$ by !lun$er, $egenerating in habituntil they became ty!ical !rogenitors of the $arkskinne$ race,afterar$ $isco#ere$ by olumbus an$ name$ 4merican &n$ians.

The last riter in the ancient recor$, an$ the one ho hi$ aay

the !lates in the hill umorah, as Moronithe same !ersonageho a!!eare$ as a resurrecte$ being in the nineteenth century, a$i#inely a!!ointe$ messenger sent to re#eal the $e!ository of thesacre$ $ocumentsH but the greater !art of the !lates sincetranslate$ ha$ been engra#e$ by the father of Moroni, the Ae!hite!ro!het Mormon. This man, at once arrior, !ro!het an$historian, ha$ ma$e a transcri!t an$ com!ilation of theheterogeneous recor$s that ha$ accumulate$ $uring the trouble$history of the Ae!hite nationH this com!ilation as name$ on the!lates "The Book of Mormon," hich name has been gi#en to themo$ern translationa ork that has alrea$y ma$e its ay o#ermost of the ci#iliKe$ orl$. The translation an$ !ublication ofthe Book of Mormon ere marke$ by many scenes of trouble an$

contention, but success atten$e$ the un$ertaking, an$ the firste$ition of the ork a!!eare$ in !rint in /<6.

The Iuestion, ")hat is the Book of MormonQ"a #ery !ertinent oneon the !art of e#ery earnest stu$ent an$ in#estigator of this!hase of 4merican historyhas been !artly ansere$ alrea$y. Theork has been $erisi#ely calle$ the "Mormon Bible," a name thatcarries ith it the misre!resentation that in the faith of this!eo!le the book takes the !lace of the scri!tural #olume hich isuni#ersally acce!te$ by hristian sects. Ao $esignation coul$ bemore mislea$ing, an$ in e#ery ay more untruthful. The



>atter$ay Saints ha#e but one "Bible" an$ that the oly Bible ofhristen$om. They !lace it foremost amongst the stan$ar$ orksof the hurchH they acce!t its a$monitions an$ its $octrines, an$accor$ thereto a literal significanceH it is to them, an$ e#erhas been, the or$ of Go$, a com!ilation ma$e by human agency oforks by #arious ins!ire$ ritersH they acce!t its teachings infulness, mo$ifying the meaning in no ise, ece!t in the rarecases of un$oubte$ mistranslation, concerning hich Biblical

scholars of all faiths $iffer an$ criticiKeH an$ e#en in suchcases their re#erence for the sacre$ letter ren$ers them e#enmore conser#ati#e than the majority of Bible commentators an$critics in !lacing free construction u!on the tet. Thehistorical !art of the Jeish scri!tures tells of the $i#ine$ealings ith the !eo!le of the eastern hemis!hereH the Book ofMormon recounts the mercies an$ ju$gments of Go$, the ins!ire$teachings of is !ro!hets, the rise an$ fall of is !eo!le asorganiKe$ communities on the estern continent.

The >atter$ay Saints belie#e the coming forth of the Book ofMormon to ha#e been foretol$ in the Bible, as its $estiny is!ro!hesie$ of ithin its on li$sH it is to the !eo!le the true

"stick of E!hraim" hich EKekiel $eclare$ shoul$ become one iththe "stick of Ju$ah"or the Bible. The !eo!le challenge the mostcritical com!arison beteen this recor$ of the est an$ the olyScri!tures of the east, feeling confi$ent that no $iscre!ancyeists in letter or s!irit. 4s to the original characters inhich the recor$ as engra#e$, co!ies ere shon to learne$linguists of the $ay an$ !ronounce$ by them as closely resemblingthe -eforme$ Egy!tian riting.

>et us re#ert, hoe#er, to the facts of history concerning thisne scri!ture, an$ the rece!tion accor$e$ the !rinte$ #olume.

The Book of Mormon as before the orl$H the hurch circulate$

the ork as freely as !ossible. The true account of its originas rejecte$ by the general !ublic, ho thus, assume$ theres!onsibility of e!laining in some !lausible ay the source ofthe recor$. 4mong the many false theories !ro!oun$e$, !erha!sthe most famous is the socalle$ S!aul$ing story. SolomonS!aul$ing, a clergyman of 4mity, Pennsyl#ania, $ie$ in //;. erote a romance to hich no name other than "Manuscri!t Story"as gi#en, an$ hich, but for the unauthoriKe$ use of theriterLs name an$ the misre!resentation of his moti#es, oul$ne#er ha#e been !ublishe$. Tenty years after the authorLs$eath, one urlburt, an a!ostate "Mormon," announce$ that he ha$recogniKe$ a resemblance beteen the "Manuscri!t Story" an$ theBook of Mormon, an$ e!resse$ a belief that the ork brought

forar$ by Jose!h Smith as nothing but the S!aul$ing romancere#ise$ an$ am!lifie$. The a!!arent cre$ibility of the statementas increase$ by #arious signe$ $eclarations to the effect thatthe to ere alike, though no etracts for com!arison ere!resente$. But the "Manuscri!t Story" as lost for a time, an$in the absence of !roof to the contrary, re!orts of the!arallelism beteen the to orks multi!lie$. By a fortunatecircumstance, in /7, Presi$ent James . *airchil$, of ?berlinollege, an$ a literary frien$ of hisa Mr. -icehileeamining a heterogeneous collection of ol$ !a!ers hich ha$ been!urchase$ by the gentleman last name$, foun$ the original



manuscri!t of the "Story."

4fter a careful !erusal an$ com!arison ith the Book of Mormon,Presi$ent *airchil$ $eclare$ in an article !ublishe$ in the Ae'ork ?bser#er, *ebruary :, /:3

The theory of the origin of the Book of Mormon in the tra$itional manuscri!t of Solomon S!aul$ing ill

!robably ha#e to be relinIuishe$. ( ( ( Mr. -ice, myself, an$ others com!are$ it 8the S!aul$ing manuscri!t= ith the Book of Mormon an$ coul$ $etect no resemblance beteen the to, in general or in $etail. There seems to be no name nor inci$ent common to the to. The solemn style of the Book of Mormon in imitation of the English scri!tures $oes not a!!ear in the manuscri!t. ( ( ( Some other e!lanation of the origin of the Book of Mormon must be foun$ if any e!lanation is reIuire$.

The manuscri!t as $e!osite$ in the library of ?berlin ollegehere it no re!oses. Still, the theory of the "Manuscri!t

*oun$," as S!aul$ingLs story has come to be knon, isoccasionally !resse$ into ser#ice in the cause of anti"Mormon"Keal, by some hom e ill charitably belie#e to be ignorant ofthe facts set forth by Presi$ent *airchil$. 4 letter of morerecent $ate, ritten by that honorable gentleman in re!ly to aninIuiring corres!on$ent, as !ublishe$ in the Millennial Star,>i#er!ool, Ao#ember <, /0, an$ is as follos3

?BE->&A ?>>EGE, ?&?, ?ctober /1, /0:.

J. -. &A%>E', ESR.,

%ear Sir3 )e ha#e in our college library an original manuscri!t of Solomon S!aul$ingunIuestionably genuine.

& foun$ it in /7 in the han$s of on. >. >. -ice, of onolulu, aaiian &slan$s. e as formerly state !rinter at olumbus, ?hio, an$ before that, !ublisher of a !a!er in Paines#ille, hose !rece$ing !ublisher ha$ #isite$ Mrs. S!aul$ing an$ obtaine$ the manuscri!t from her. &t ha$ lain among his ol$ !a!ers forty years or more, an$ as brought out by my asking him to look u! antisla#ery $ocuments among his !a!ers.

The manuscri!t has u!on it the signatures of se#eral men of onneaught, ?hio, ho ha$ hear$ S!aul$ing rea$ it an$ kne it to be his. Ao one can see it an$ Iuestion its genuineness. The manuscri!t has been !rinte$ tice, at leastHonce by the Mormons of Salt >ake ity, an$ once by the Jose!hite Mormons of &oa. The @tah Mormons obtaine$ the co!y of Mr. -ice, at onolulu, an$ the Jose!hites got it of me after it came into my !ossession.

This manuscri!t is not the original of the Book of



Mormon.

'ours #ery truly, J4MES . *4&-&>%.

The "Manuscri!t Story" has been !ublishe$ in full, an$com!arisons beteen the same an$ the Book of Mormon may be ma$eby anyone ho has a min$ to in#estigate the subject.8/=

8*ootnote /3 *or a fuller account of the Book of Mormon, see theauthorLs "4rticles of *aith," >ectures /7 an$ /:H !ublishe$ atSalt >ake ity, @tah, /0/<.=

4PTE- &&

But e ha#e antici!ate$ the current of e#ents. )ith the!ublication of the Book of Mormon, o!!osition gre more intensetoar$ the !eo!le ho !rofesse$ a belief in the testimony ofJose!h Smith. ?n the ;th of 4!ril, /<6, the hurch of Jesus

hrist of >atter$ay Saints as formally organiKe$ an$ thus tookon a legal eistence. The scene of this organiKation as*ayette, Ae 'ork, an$ but si !ersons ere $irectly concerne$ as!artici!ants. 4t that time there may ha#e been an$ !robably eremany times that number ho ha$ !rofesse$ a$herence to the nelyrestore$ faithH but as the reIuirements of the la go#erning theformation of religious societies ere satisfie$ by thea!!lication of si, only the s!ecifie$ number formally took !art.Such as the beginning of the hurch, soon to be so uni#ersallymaligne$. &ts origin as smalla germ, an insignificant see$,har$ly to be thought of as likely to arouse o!!osition. )hat asthere to fear in the #oluntary association of si men, a#oe$ly$e#ote$ to !eaceful !ursuits an$ bene#olent !ur!osesQ 'et a

storm of !ersecution as threatene$ from the earliest $ay. 4tfirst but a family affair, o!!osition to the ork has in#ol#e$successi#ely the ton, the county, the state, the country, an$to$ay the "Mormon" Iuestion has been accor$e$ eten$e$consi$eration at the han$s of the national go#ernment, an$ in$ee$most ci#iliKe$ nations ha#e taken cogniKance of the same.

>et us obser#e the contrast beteen the beginning an$ the !resent!ro!ortions of the hurch. &nstea$ of but si regularlyaffiliate$ members, an$ at most to score of a$herents, theorganiKation numbers to$ay many hun$re$ thousan$ souls. &n !laceof a single hamlet, in the smallest corner of hich the memberscoul$ ha#e congregate$, there no are about se#enty stakes of

ion an$ about se#en hun$re$ organiKe$ ar$s, each ar$ an$ stakeith its full com!lement of officers an$ !riesthoo$organiKations. The !ractise of gathering its !roselytes into one!lace !re#ents the buil$ing u! an$ strengthening of foreignbranchesH an$ inasmuch as etensi#e an$ strong organiKations aresel$om met ith abroa$, #ery erroneous i$eas eist concerning thestrength of the hurch. Ae#ertheless, the mustar$ see$, amongthe smallest of all see$s, has attaine$ the !ro!ortions of atree, an$ the bir$s of the air are nesting in its branchesH theacorn is no an oak offering !rotection an$ the seets ofsatisfaction to e#ery earnest !ilgrim journeying its ay for



truth.

*rom the organiKation of the hurch, the s!irit of emigrationreste$ u!on the !eo!le. Their eyes ere from the first turne$ inantici!ation toar$ the e#ening sunnot merely that the ork of!roselyting shoul$ be carrie$ on in the est, but that thehea$Iuarters of the hurch shoul$ be there establishe$. The Bookof Mormon ha$ taught the !eo!le the true origin an$ $estiny of

the 4merican &n$iansH an$ toar$ this $arkskinne$ remnant of aonce mighty !eo!le, the missionaries of "Mormonism" early turne$their eyes, an$ ith their eyes ent their hearts an$ theirho!es.

)ithin three months from the beginning, the hurch ha$missionaries among the >amanites. &t is notable that the &n$iantribes ha#e generally regar$e$ the religion of the >atter$aySaints ith fa#or, seeing in the Book of Mormon strikingagreement ith their on tra$itions.

The first ellestablishe$ seat of the hurch as in the !rettylittle ton of irtlan$, ?hio, almost ithin sight of >ake ErieH

an$ here soon rose the first tem!le of mo$ern times. 4mong theirmany other !eculiarities, the >atter$ay Saints are characteriKe$as a tem!lebuil$ing !eo!le, as history !ro#es the &srael ofancient times to ha#e been. &n the $ays of their infancy as ahurch, hile in the thrall of !o#erty, an$ ami$st the!ersecution an$ $ireful threats of laless hor$es, they lai$ thecornerstone, an$ in less than three years thereafter theycelebrate$ the $e$ication of the irtlan$ Tem!le, a structure atonce beautiful an$ im!osing. E#en before this time, hoe#er,!o!ulous settlements of >atter$ay Saints ha$ been ma$e inJackson ounty, MissouriH an$ in the ton of &n$e!en$ence a sitefor a great tem!le ha$ been selecte$ an$ !urchase$H but thoughthe groun$ has been $e$icate$ ith solemn ceremony, the !eo!le

ha#e not as yet built thereon.

)ithin to years of its $e$ication, the tem!le in irtlan$ asaban$one$ by the !eo!le, ho ere com!elle$ to flee for theirli#es before the onslaughts of mobocratsH but a secon$ tem!le,larger an$ more beautiful than the first, soon reare$ its s!iresin the city of Aau#oo, &llinois. This structure as $estroye$ byfire, but the tem!lebuil$ing s!irit as not to be Iuenche$, an$in the #ales of @tah to$ay are four magnificent tem!le e$ifices.The last com!lete$, hich as the first begun, is situate$ inSalt >ake ity, an$ is one of the on$ers an$ beauties of thatcity by the great salt sea.85=

8*ootnote 53 *or a $etaile$ account of mo$ern tem!les, ithnumerous !ictorial #ies, see "The ouse of the >or$," by the!resent authorH Salt >ake ity, @tah, /0/5.=

To the fer#ent >atter$ay Saint, a tem!le is not sim!ly a churchbuil$ing, a house for religious assembly. &n$ee$ the "Mormon"tem!les are rarely use$ as !laces of general gatherings. Theyare in one sense e$ucational institutions, regular courses oflectures an$ instruction being maintaine$ in some of themH butthey are s!ecifically for ba!tisms an$ or$inations, forsanctifying !rayer, an$ for the most sacre$ ceremonies an$ rites



of the hurch, !articularly in the #icarious ork for the $ea$hich is a characteristic of "Mormon" faith. 4n$ ho that hasgaKe$ u!on these s!len$i$ shrines ill say that the !eo!le hocan $o so much in !o#erty an$ tribulation are insincereQ Bigote$they may seem to those ho belie#e not as they $oH fanatics theymay be to multitu$es ho like the !rou$ Pharisee of ol$ thank Go$they are not as theseH but insincere they cannot be, e#en in theju$gment of their bitterest o!!onent, if he be a creature of

reason.

The clou$s of !ersecution thickene$ in ?hio as the intolerantKeal of mobs foun$ freIuent e!ressionH numerous charges, tri#ialan$ serious, ere ma$e against the lea$ers of the hurch, an$they ere re!eate$ly brought before the courts, only to beliberate$ on the usual fin$ing of no cause for action. Meanhilethe march to the est as maintaine$. Soon thousan$s of con#ertsha$ rente$ or !urchase$ homes in Missouri&n$e!en$ence, Jacksonounty, being their centerH but from the first, they ereun!o!ular among the Missourians. Their system of eIual rightsith their marke$ $isa!!ro#al of e#ery s!ecies of aristocraticse!aration an$ selfaggran$iKement as $eclare$ to be a s!ecies

of communism, $angerous to the state. 4n inoffensi#ejournalistic organ, The Star, !ublishe$ for the !ur!ose of!ro!erly !resenting the religious tenets of the !eo!le, as ma$ethe !articular object of the mobLs rageH the house of its!ublisher as raKe$ to the groun$, the !ress an$ ty!e ereconfiscate$, an$ the e$itor an$ his family maltreate$. 4n absur$story as circulate$ an$ took firm hol$ of the masses that theBook of Mormon !romise$ the estern lan$s to the !eo!le of thehurch, an$ that they inten$e$ to take !ossession of these lan$sby force. Throughout the book of re#elations regar$e$ by the!eo!le as la s!ecially $irecte$ to them, they are tol$ to sa#etheir riches that they may !urchase the inheritance !romise$ themof Go$. E#eryhere are they tol$ to maintain !eaceH the sor$ is

ne#er offere$ as their symbol of conIuest. Their gathering is tobe like that of the Jes at Jerusalema !acific one, an$ intheir taking !ossession of hat they regar$ as a lan$ of !romise,no one !re#iously locate$ there shall be $enie$ his rights.

4 s!irit of fierce !ersecution rage$ in Jackson an$ surroun$ingcounties of Missouri. 4n a!!eal as ma$e to the eecuti#e of thestate, but little encouragement as returne$. The lieutenantgo#ernor, >ilburn ). Boggs, afterar$ go#ernor, as a !ronounce$"Mormon"hater, an$ throughout the !erio$ of the troubles, hemanifeste$ sym!athy ith the !ersecutors.

?ne of the circuit ju$ges ho as aske$ to issue a !eace arrant

refuse$ to $o so, but a$#ise$ the "Mormons" to arm themsel#es an$meet the force of the outlas ith organiKe$ resistance. Thisa$#ice as not !leasing to the >atter$ay Saints, hose religionenjoine$ tolerance an$ !eaceH but they so far hee$e$ it as to arma small forceH an$ hen the outlas net came u!on them, the!eo!le ere not entirely un!re!are$. 4 "Mormon" rebellion asno !roclaime$. The !eo!le ha$ been goa$e$ to $es!eration. Themilitia as or$ere$ out, an$ the "Mormons" ere $isarme$. Themob as unrestraine$ in its eagerness for re#enge. The "Mormons"engage$ able layers to institute an$ maintain legal !rocee$ingsagainst their foes, an$ this ste!, the right to hich one oul$



think coul$ be $enie$ no 4merican citiKen, calle$ forth such anu!roar of !o!ular rath as to affect almost the entire state.

&t as interH but the inclemency of the year only suite$ thebetter the !ur!ose of the o!!ressor. omes ere $estroye$, mentorn from their families ere brutally beaten, tarre$ an$feathere$H omen ith babes in their arms ere force$ to fleehalfcla$ into the solitu$e of the !rairie to esca!e from

mobocratic #iolence. Their sufferings ha#e ne#er yet been fitlychronicle$ by human scribe. Making their ay across the ri#er,most of the refugees foun$ shelter among the more hos!itable!eo!le of lay ounty, an$ afterar$ establishe$ themsel#es inal$ell ounty, therein foun$ing the city of *ar )est. ountyan$ state ju$ges, the go#ernor, an$ e#en the Presi$ent of the@nite$ States, ere a!!eale$ to in turn for re$ress. Thenational eecuti#e, 4n$re Jackson, hile e!ressing sym!athy forthe !ersecute$ !eo!le, $e!lore$ his lack of !oer to interfereith the a$ministration or nona$ministration of state lasH thenational officials coul$ $o nothingH the state officials oul$ $onaught.

But the e!ulsion from Jackson ounty as but a !relu$e to thetrage$y soon to follo. 4 single scene of the bloo$y $rama isknon as the aunLs Mill massacre. 4 small settlement ha$ beenfoun$e$ by "Mormon" families on Shoal reek, an$ here on the <6thof ?ctober, /<, a com!any of to hun$re$ an$ forty fell u!onthe ha!less settlers an$ butchere$ a score. Ao res!ect as !ai$to age or seH grey hea$s, an$ infant li!s that scarcely ha$learne$ to lis! a or$, #igorous manhoo$ an$ immature youth,mother an$ mai$en, fare$ alike in the scene of carnage, an$ theirbo$ies ere thron into an ol$ ell.

&n ?ctober, /<, the Go#ernor of Missouri, the same >ilburn ).Boggs, issue$ his infamous eterminating or$er, an$ calle$ u!on

the militia of the state to eecute it. The language of this$ocument, signe$ by the eecuti#e of a so#ereign state of the@nion, $eclare$ that the "Mormons" must be $ri#en from the stateor eterminate$. Be it sai$ to the honor of some of the officersentruste$ ith the terrible commission, that hen they learne$its true significance they resigne$ their authority rather thanha#e anything to $o ith hat they $esignate$ a col$bloo$e$butchery. But tools ere not anting, as in$ee$ they ne#er ha#ebeen, for mur$er an$ its kin$re$ outrages. )hat the heart of mancan concei#e, the han$ of man ill fin$ a ay to eecute. Theaful ork as carrie$ out ith $rea$ $is!atch. ?h, hat arecor$ to rea$H hat a !icture to gaKe u!onH ho aful the fact24n official e$ict offering e!atriation or $eath to a !eaceable

community ith no crime !ro#e$ against them, an$ guilty of nooffense other than that of choosing to $iffer in o!inion from themasses2 4merican school boys rea$ ith emotions of horror of the4lbigenses, $ri#en, beaten an$ kille$, ith a !a!al legate$irecting the butcheryH an$ of the +au$ois, hunte$ an$ houn$e$like beasts as the effect of a royal $ecreeH an$ they yet shallrea$ in the history of their on country of scenes as terrible asthese in the ehibition of injustice an$ inhuman hate.

&n the $rea$ alternati#e offere$ them, the !eo!le $etermine$again to aban$on their homesH but hither shoul$ they goQ



4lrea$y they ha$ fle$ before the laless o!!ressor o#er ell nighhalf a continentH alrea$y ere they on the frontiers of thecountry that they ha$ regar$e$ as the lan$ of !romise$ liberty.Thus far e#ery mo#e ha$ carrie$ them estar$, but farther estthey coul$ not go unless they ent entirely beyon$ the country oftheir birth, an$ ga#e u! their ho!e of !rotection un$er theonstitution, hich to them ha$ e#er been an ins!ire$ instrument,the majesty of hich, as they ha$ ne#er $oubte$, oul$ be some

$ay #in$icate$, e#en to securing for them the rights of 4mericancitiKens. This time their faces ere turne$ toar$ the eastH an$a host numbering from ten to tel#e thousan$, inclu$ing manyomen an$ chil$ren, aban$one$ their homes an$ fle$ before theirmur$erous !ursuers, re$$ening the sno ith bloo$y foot!rints asthey journeye$. They crosse$ the Mississi!!i an$ sought!rotection on the soil of &llinois. There their sa$ con$itione#oke$ for a time general commiseration.

The !ress of the state $enounce$ the treatment of the !eo!le bythe Missourians an$ #in$icate$ the character of the "Mormons" as!eaceable an$ laabi$ing citiKens. ollege !rofessors !ublishe$e!ressions of their horror o#er the cruel crusa$eH state

officials, inclu$ing e#en the go#ernor, ga#e substantial e#i$enceof their sym!athy an$ goo$ feeling. This lull in the storm ofoutrage that ha$ so long rage$ about them offere$ a strangecontrast to their usual treatment. >et it not be thought thatall the !eo!le of &llinois ere their frien$sH from the first,o!!osition as manifest, but their con$ition as so greatlybettere$ that they might ha#e thought the a$#ent of their ion tobe near at han$.

& state$ that !rofessional men, an$ e#en college !rofessorsraise$ their #oices in commiseration of the "Mormon" situationan$ in $enouncing the "Mormon" o!!ressors. Prof. Turner of&llinois ollege rote3

)ho began the IuarrelQ )as it the "MormonsQ" &s it not notorious on the contrary that they ere hunte$ like il$ beasts from county to county before they ma$e any resistanceQ %i$ they e#er, as a bo$y, refuse obe$ience to the las, hen calle$ u!on to $o so, until $ri#en to $es!eration by re!eate$ threats an$ assaults by the mobQ %i$ the state e#er make one $ecent effort to $efen$ them as fellocitiKens in their rights or to re$ress their rongsQ >et the con$uct of its go#ernors an$ attorneys an$ the fate of their final !etitions anser2 a#e any ho !lun$ere$ an$ o!enly insulte$ the "Mormons" e#er

been brought to the !unishment $ue to their crimesQ >et boasting mur$erers of begging an$ hel!less infancy anser2 as the state e#er remunerate$ e#en those knon to be innocent for the loss of either their !ro!erty or their armsQ %i$ either the !ul!it or the !ress through the state raise a note of remonstrance or alarmQ >et the clergymen ho abette$ an$ the e$itors ho encourage$ the mob anser2

4s a sam!le of the !ress comments against the brutality of the



Missourians & Iuote a !aragra!h from the Ruincy 4rgus, March/;, /<03

)e ha#e no language sufficiently strong for the e!ression of our in$ignation an$ shame at the recent transaction in a sister state, an$ that state, Missouri, a state of hich e ha$ long been !rou$, alike for her men an$ history, but no so fallen that

e coul$ ish her star stricken from the bright constellation of the @nion. )e say e kno of no language sufficiently strong for the e!ression of our shame an$ abhorrence of her recent con$uct. She has ritten her on character in letters of bloo$, an$ staine$ it by acts of merciless cruelty an$ brutality that the aters of ages cannot efface. &t ill be obser#e$ that an organiKe$ mob, ai$e$ by many of the ci#il an$ military officers of Missouri, ith Go#. Boggs at their hea$, ha#e been the !rominent actors in this business, incite$ too, it a!!ears, against the "Mormons" by !olitical hatre$, an$ by the a$$itional moti#es of !lun$er an$ re#enge.

They ha#e but too ell !ut in eecution their threats of etermination an$ e!ulsion, an$ fully reake$ their #engeance on a bo$y of in$ustrious an$ enter!rising men, ho ha$ ne#er ronge$ nor ishe$ to rong them, but on the contrary ha$ e#er com!orte$ themsel#es as goo$ an$ honest citiKens, li#ing un$er the same las, an$ ha#ing the same right ith themsel#es to the sacre$ immunities of life, liberty an$ !ro!erty.

4PTE- &&&

Settling in an$ about the obscure #illage of ommerce, the"Mormon" refugees soon $emonstrate$ ane the mar#elousrecu!erati#e !oer ith hich they ere en$oe$, an$ a cityseeme$ to s!ring from the earth. Aau#oothe ity Beautifulasthe name gi#en to this ne abi$ing !lace. &t as situate$ but afe miles from Ruincy, in a ben$ of the majestic ri#er, gi#ingthe ton three ater fronts. &t seeme$ to nestle there as if the*ather of )aters as encircling it ith his mighty arm. Soon aglorious tem!le crone$ the hill u! hich the city ha$ run in itsra!i$ groth. Their settlements eten$e$ into &oa, then aterritory. The go#ernors of both &oa an$ ?hio testifie$ to theorthiness of the >atter$ay Saints as citiKens, an$ !le$ge$ them

the !rotection of the commonealth. The city of Aau#oo aschartere$ by the state of &llinois, an$ the rights of localselfgo#ernment ere assure$ to its citiKens.

4 military organiKation, the "Aau#oo >egion," as authoriKe$, an$the establishment of a uni#ersity as !ro#i$e$ forH both theseorganiKations ere successfully effecte$. &t as here that amemorial as !re!are$ an$ sent to the national go#ernment,reciting the outrages of Missouri, an$ asking re!aration. Jose!hSmith himself, the hea$ of the $elegation, ha$ a !ersonalinter#ie ith Presi$ent +an Buren, in hich the grie#ances of



the >atter$ay Saints ere !resente$. +an Buren re!lie$ in or$sthat ill not be forgotten, "'our cause is just, but & can $onothing for you."

The !eaceful con$itions at first characteristic of their &llinoissettlement ere not to continue. The element of !oliticalinfluence asserte$ itself an$ the "Mormons" ba$e fair to soonhol$ the balance of !oer in local affairs. The characteristic

unity, so marke$ in connection ith e#ery !hase of the !eo!leLseistence, !romise$ too muchH immigration into ancock county ascontinuous, an$ the groing !oer of the >atter$ay Saints as#iee$ ith a!!rehension. )ith this as the true moti#e, many!retets for annoyance ere foun$H an$ arrests, trials, an$acIuittals ere common e!eriences of the hurch officers.

4 charge, hich !romise$ to !ro#e as $e#oi$ of foun$ation as ha$the ecuses for the fifty arrests !rece$ing it, le$ Jose!h Smith,!resi$ent of the hurch, an$ yrum Smith, the !atriarch, to againsurren$er themsel#es to the officers of the la. They ere takento arthage, Jose!h ha#ing $eclare$ to frien$s his belief that heas going to the slaughter. Go#ernor *or$ ga#e to the !risoners

his !ersonal guarantee for their safetyH but mob #iolence assu!reme, more mighty than the !oer of the state militia !lace$there to guar$ the !risonH an$ these men ere shot to $eath, e#enhile un$er the go#ernorLs !lighte$ !le$ge of !rotection. yrumfell firstH an$ Jose!h, a!!earing at one of the in$os in thesecon$ story, recei#e$ the lea$en missiles of the besieging mob,hich as le$ by a recreant though !rofesse$ minister of thegos!el. But the brutish !assion of the mob as not yet sate$H!ro!!ing the bo$y against a ellcurb in the jailyar$, themur$erers !oure$ a #olley of bullets into the cor!se, an$ fle$.Thus as the unholy #o of the mob fulfille$, that as la coul$not touch the "Mormon" lea$ers, !o$er an$ ball shoul$. JohnTaylor, ho became years afterar$ !resi$ent of the hurch, as

in the jail at the same timeH he recei#e$ four bullets, an$ asleft su!!ose$ly $ea$.

Jose!h Smith ha$ been more than the ecclesiastical lea$erH his!resence an$ !ersonality ha$ been e#er !oerful as a stimulus tothe hearts of the !eo!leH none kne his !ersonal !oer betterthan the members of his on flock, unless in$ee$ it ere theol#es ho ere e#er seeking to harry the fol$. &t ha$ been theboast of anti"Mormons" that ith Jose!h Smith remo#e$, thehurch oul$ crumble to !ieces of itself. &n the !ersonality oftheir lea$er, it as thought, lay the secret of the !eo!leLsstrengthH an$ like the Philistines, the enemy struck at thesu!!ose$ bon$ of !oer. Terrible as as the blo of the fearful

fatality, the hurch soon emerge$ from its $es!airing state of!oignant grief, an$ rose mightier than before. &t is the faithof this !eo!le that hile the ork of Go$ on earth is carrie$ onby men, yet mortals are but instruments in the reatorLs han$sfor the accom!lishment of $i#ine !ur!oses. The $eath of the!resi$ent $isorganiKe$ the *irst Presi$ency of the hurchH butthe official bo$y net in authority, the ouncil of the Tel#e,ste!!e$ to the front, an$ the !rogress of the hurch asunhin$ere$. The ork of the ministry as not arreste$H the!eo!le !ause$ but long enough to bury their $ea$ an$ clear theireyes from the blin$ing tears that fell.



>et us take a retros!ecti#e glance at this unusual man. Thoughhis o!!onents $eny him the $i#ine commission ith hich hisfrien$s belie#e he as charge$, they all, frien$s an$ foes alike,a$mit that he as a great man. Through the testimony of hislifeLs ork an$ the sanctifying seal of his martyr$om, thousan$sha#e come to acknole$ge him all that he !rofesse$ to beamessenger from Go$ to the !eo!le. e is not ithout a$mirers

among men ho $eny the truth of his !rinci!les an$ the faith ofhis !eo!le.

4 historical riter of the time, Josiah Ruincy, a fe eeks afterthe martyr$om, rote3

&t is by no means im!robable that some future tet book for the use of generations yet unborn, ill contain a Iuestion something like this3 ")hat historical 4merican of the nineteenth century has eerte$ the most !oerful influence u!on the $estinies of his countrymenQ" 4n$ it is by no means im!ossible that the anser to that interrogatory may be thus ritten"Jose!h Smith, the

Mormon Pro!het." 4n$ the re!ly, absur$ as it $oubtless seems to most men no li#ing, may be an ob#ious common!lace to their $escen$ants. istory $eals in sur!rises an$ !ara$oes Iuite as startling as this. 4 man ho establishe$ a religion in this age of free $ebate, ho as an$ is to$ay acce!te$ by hun$re$s of thousan$s as a $irect emissary from the Most ighsuch a rare human being is not to be $is!ose$ of by !elting his memory ith unsa#ory e!ithets. ( ( ( The most #ital Iuestions 4mericans are asking each other to$ay, ha#e to $eal ith this man an$ hat he has left us. ( ( ( Jose!h Smith, claiming to be an ins!ire$ teacher, face$ a$#ersity such as fe men ha#e been calle$ to

meet, enjoye$ a brief season of !ros!erity such as fe men ha#e e#er attaine$, an$ finally ( ( ( ent cheerfully to a martyrLs $eath. )hen he surren$ere$ his !erson to Go#ernor *or$, in or$er to !re#ent the she$$ing of bloo$, the Pro!het ha$ a !resentiment of hat as before him. "& am going like a lamb to the slaughter," he is re!orte$ to ha#e sai$, "but & am as calm as a summerLs morning. & ha#e a conscience #oi$ of offense, an$ shall $ie innocent."

The "Mormon" !eo!le regar$e$ it as a $uty to make e#ery !ro!ereffort to bring the !er!etrators of the foul assassination oftheir lea$ers to justiceH sity names ere !resente$ to the local

gran$ jury, an$ of the !ersons so $esignate$, nine ere in$icte$.4fter a farcical semblance of a trial, these ere acIuitte$, an$thus as notice, sanctione$ by the constitute$ authority of thela, ser#e$ u!on all anti"Mormons" of &llinois, that they eresafe in any assault they might choose to make on the subjects oftheir hate. The mob as com!ose$ of a!t !u!ils in the learningof this lesson. Personal outrages ere of e#ery$ay occurrenceHhusban$men ere ca!ture$ in their fiel$s, beaten, torture$, untilthey barely ha$ strength left to !romise com!liance ith the$eman$s of their assailants,that they oul$ lea#e the state.ouses ere fire$ hile the tenants ere ra!!e$ in uneasy



!a#ement jointsH recent foot!rints ere still $istinct in the$usty thoroughfares. The #isitor ma$e his ay unmoleste$ intoorksho!s an$ smithiesH tools lay as last use$H on thecar!enterLs bench as the unfinishe$ frame, on the floor ere thesha#ings fresh an$ o$orousH the oo$ as !ile$ in rea$inessbefore the bakerLs o#enH the blacksmithLs forge as col$, but thesho! looke$ as though the occu!ant ha$ just gone off for aholi$ay. The gallant sol$ier entere$ gar$ens unchallenge$ by

oner, human guar$, or atchful $ogH he might ha#e su!!ose$ the!eo!le hi$$en or $ea$ in their housesH but the $oors ere notfastene$, an$ he entere$ to e!lore, there ere fresh ashes onthe hearthH no great accumulation of the $ust of time as onfloors or furnitureH the aful Iuiet com!elle$ him to trea$ati!toe as if threa$ing the aisles of an unoccu!ie$ cathe$ral.e hastene$ to the gra#eyar$, though surely the city ha$ not been$e!o!ulate$ by !estilence. AoH there ere a fe stones nelyset, some so$s freshly turne$ in this sacre$ acre of Go$, buthere can you fin$ a cemetery of a li#ing ton ith no suche#i$ence of recent intermentQ There ere fiel$s of hea#y grain,the bounteous har#est rotting on the groun$H there ere orchar$s$ro!!ing their rich an$ rosy fruit to s!oil beneathH not a han$

to gather or sa#e.

But in a suburban corner, he came across the smol$ering embers ofa barbecue fire, ith fragments of flesh an$ other remnants of afeast. ereabout houses ha$ been $emolishe$H an$ there beyon$,aroun$ the great tem!le that ha$ first attracte$ his attentionfrom the &oa shore, arme$ men ere bi#ouacke$. This orthyre!resentati#e of our countryLs ser#ice as challenge$ by the$runken cro$, an$ ma$e to gi#e an account of himself, an$ toanser for ha#ing crosse$ the ri#er ithout a !ermit from thehea$ of the ban$. *in$ing that he as a stranger, they relate$to him in fien$ish glee their recent e!loits of !illage, ra!ine,an$ mur$er. They con$ucte$ him through the tem!leH e#eryhere

ere marks of their brutish actsH its altars of !rayer erebrokenH the ba!tismal font ha$ been so "$iligently $esecrate$ asto ren$er the a!artment in hich it as containe$ too noisome toabi$e in." There in the stee!le close by the "scar of $i#inerath" left by a recent thun$erbolt, ere broken co#ers of liIuoran$ $rinking #essels.

Sickene$ ith the sight, $isguste$ ith this s!ectacle ofoutrage, the colonel recrosse$ the ri#er at nightfall, beatingu!ar$, for the in$ ha$ freshene$. 4ttracte$ by a faint lightnear the bank, he a!!roache$ the s!ot, there to fin$ a fehaggar$ faces surroun$ing one ho seeme$ to be in the last stagesof fe#er. The sufferer as !artially !rotecte$ by something like

a tent ma$e from a cou!le of be$ sheetsH an$ ami$ suchen#ironment, the s!irit as !luming itself for flight. Makinghis ay through this cam! of misery, he hear$ the sobbings ofchil$ren hungry an$ sickH there ere men an$ omen $ying fromoun$s or $isease, ithout a semblance of shelter or other!hysical comfortH i#es in the !angs of maternity, ushering intothe orl$ innocent babes $oome$ to be motherless from theirbirth. 4n$ at inter#als, to the ears of those outcasts, the sickan$ the $ying, the in$ brought the soul!iercing soun$s of there#eling mob in the $istant city, the scra! of #ulgar song, theshocking oath, shrieke$ from the tem!le toer in the ma$ness of



$runken orgies.

This, hoe#er, as but the rear remnant of theL e!atriate$hristian ban$. The #an as alrea$y far on its ay toar$ thein#iting il$erness of the all but unknon est. But thean$erers ere not holly ithout frien$sH certain &n$ian tribes,the ?mahas an$ the Potaatomis, elcome$ them to their lan$s,in#iting them to cam! ithin their territory $uring the coming

inter. ")elcome," sai$ these chil$ren of the forest, "e tooha#e been $ri#en from our !leasant homes east of the great ri#er,to these $am! an$ unhealthful bottomsH you no, hite men, ha#ebeen $ri#en forth to the !rairiesH e are fellosufferers.)elcome, brothers."

&n return much assistance as ren$ere$ by the hite refugees totheir, shall & say sa#age frien$sQ &f it as ci#iliKation thean$erers ha$ left, then in$ee$ might the re$ men of the forestha#e felt !rou$ of their $istinction. But the &n$ian agent, ahristian gentleman, or$ere$ the "Mormons" to mo#e on an$ lea#ethe reser#ation hich a kin$ go#ernment ha$ !ro#i$e$ for its re$chil$ren. 4n or$er from Presi$ent Polk, ho ha$ been a!!eale$ to

by olonel ane, ga#e the !eo!le !ermission to remain for a shortseason. The go#ernment of &oa ha$ courteously assure$ them!rotection hile !assing through that territory. 4s soon as the!eo!le ere ell un$er ay, a thorough organiKation as effecte$.-emembering the toilsome $esert march from Egy!t to anaan, the!eo!le assume$ the name, "am! of &srael." The cam! consiste$ ofto main $i#isions, an$ each as sub$i#i$e$ into com!anies ofhun$re$s, fifties, an$ tens, ith ca!tains to $irect. 4n officerith one hun$re$ #olunteers ent ahea$ of the main bo$y to selecta route an$ !re!are a roa$. 4t this time, there ere o#er onethousan$ agons of the "Mormons" rolling estar$, an$ the lineof march soon reache$ from the Mississi!!i to ouncil Bluffs.There ere in the com!any not half enough $raft animals for the

ar$uous march, an$ but an insufficient number of ablebo$ie$ mento ten$ the cam!s. The omen ha$ to assist in $ri#ing teams an$stock, an$ in other labors of the journey. 'et ith theircharacteristic cheerfulness the !eo!le ma$e the best, an$ that!ro#e$ to be a great $eal, out of their lot. )hen the cam!halte$, a city seeme$ to s!ring as if by magic from the !rairiesoil. oncerts an$ social gatherings ere usual features of thee#ening rests.

But another great e#ent $isturbe$ the eIuanimity of the cam!.)ar ha$ broken out beteen Meico an$ the @nite$ States. GeneralTaylorLs #ictories in the early stages of the strife ha$ been allbut $ecisi#e, but the -e!ublic as on march to the estern ocean

an$ the !ro#inces of Ae Meico an$ alifornia ere in her !ath.These to !ro#inces com!rise$ in a$$ition to the territory no$esignate$ by those names, @tah, Ae#a$a, !ortions of )yoming an$olora$o, as also 4riKonaH hile ?regon, then claime$ by GreatBritain, inclu$e$ )ashington, &$aho, an$ !ortions of Montana an$)yoming. &t as the !lan of the national a$ministration tooccu!y these !ro#inces at the earliest moment !ossibleH an$ acall as ma$e u!on the "Mormon" refugees to contribute to thegeneral force by furnishing a battalion of fi#e hun$re$ men totake !art in the ar ith Meico. The sur!rise hich the messageof the go#ernment officer !ro$uce$ in the cam! amounte$ almost to



$ismay. *i#e hun$re$ men fit to bear arms to be $rafte$ fromthat cam!2 )hat oul$ become of the restQ 4lrea$y omen an$boys ha$ been !resse$ into ser#ice to $o the ork of menH alrea$ythe sick an$ the halt ha$ been neglecte$H an$ many gra#es marke$the !ath they ha$ tra#erse$, hose tenants ha$ !asse$ to theirlast slee! through lack of care.

But ho long $i$ they hesitateQ Scarcely an hourH it as the

call of their country. True, they ere e#en then lea#ing thenational soil, but not of their on ill. To them their countryas an$ is the !romise$ lan$, the >or$Ls chosen !lace, the lan$of ion. "'ou shall ha#e your battalion," sai$ Brigham 'oung toa!tain 4llen, the muster officer, "an$ if there are not youngmen enough, e ill take the ol$ men, an$ if they are not enough,e ill take the omen." )ithin a eek from the time Presi$entPolkLs message as recei#e$, the entire force, in all fi#ehun$re$ an$ fortynine souls, as on the march to *ort>ea#enorth. Their !ath from the Missouri to the Pacific le$them o#er to thousan$ miles, much of this $istance beingmeasure$ through $eserts, hich !rior to that time ha$ not beentro$$en by ci#iliKe$ foot.

olonel ooke, the comman$er of the "Mormon" Battalion, $eclare$,"istory may be searche$ in #ain for an eIual march of infantry."Many ere $isable$ through the se#erity of the march, an$numerous cases of sickness an$ $eath ere chronicle$. Generalearney an$ his successor, Go#ernor -. B. Mason, as militarycomman$ants of alifornia, s!oke in high !raise of thisorganiKation, an$ in their official re!orts $eclare$ that theyha$ ma$e efforts to !rolong the battalionLs term of ser#iceH butmost of the men chose to rejoin their families as soon as theycoul$ secure their honorable $ischarge.

But to return to the am! of &srael3 4 !ioneer !arty, consisting

of a hun$re$ an$ forty an$ four, !rece$e$ the main bo$yH an$ theline of the migrating hosts soon stretche$ from the Missouri tothe #alley of the Great Salt >ake. )agons there ere, as alsosome horses an$ men, but all too fe for the journeyH an$ a great!art of the com!any alke$ the full thousan$ miles across thegreat !lains an$ the forbi$$ing $eserts of the est. &n theBlack ills region, the !ioneers ere $elaye$ a eek at thePlatte, a stream, hich, though usually for$able at this !ointas no so sollen as to make for$ing im!ossible. ere, too,their !ro#isions ere ell nigh ehauste$. Game ha$ not been!lentiful, an$ the "Mormon" !ioneers ere threatene$ ith the$irest !ri#ations. &n their slo march they ha$ been !asse$ by anumber of elleIui!!e$ !arties, some of them from Missouri boun$

for the PacificH but most of these ere o#ertaken on the easterlysi$e of the ri#er. 4mongst the effects of the "Mormon" !arty asa leathern boat, hich on ater ser#e$ the legitimate !ur!ose ofits maker an$ on lan$ as ma$e to $o ser#ice as a agon bo.This, together ith rafts s!ecially constructe$, as no !ut togoo$ use in ferrying across the ri#er not alone themsel#es an$their little !ro!erty, but the other com!anies an$ their loa$s.*or this ser#ice they ere ell !ai$ in cam! !ro#isions.

Thus, the e!atriate$ !ioneers foun$ themsel#es relie#e$ fromant ith their meal sacks re!lenishe$ in the heart of the



il$erness. Many may call it su!erstition, but some ill regar$it as $i$ the thankful tra#elersan inter!osition of Pro#i$ence,an$ an anser to their !rayersan e#ent to be com!are$, theysai$, to the fee$ing of &srael ith manna in the il$erness ofol$.

4fter o#er three monthsL journeying, the !ioneer com!any reache$the #alley of the Great Salt >akeH an$ at the first sight of it,

Brigham 'oung $eclare$ it to be the halting !lacethe gatheringcenter for the Saints. But hat as there in#iting in thisil$erness s!rea$ out like a scroll barren of in#iting message,an$ em!ty but for the !icture it !resente$ of on$rous scenicgran$eurQ >ooking from the )asatch barrier, the colonists gaKe$u!on a scene of entrancing though forbi$$ing beauty. 4 barren,ari$ !lain, rimme$ by mountains like a literal basin, stilloccu!ie$ in its loest !arts by the $regs of hat ha$ once fille$it to the brimH no green mea$os, not a tree orthy the name,scarce a !atch of greensar$ to entice the a$#enturous an$erersinto the #alley. The slo!es ere co#ere$ ith sagebrush,relie#e$ by !atches of cha!arral oak an$ sIuabushH the il$sunfloer lent its gol$en hue to intensify the shar! contrasts.

?ff to the estar$ lay the lake, making an im!ressi#e,unin#iting !icture in its se#ere, unli#ing beautyH from its blueastes somber !eaks rose as !reci!itous islan$s, an$ about theshores of this $ea$ sea ere saline flats that tol$ of thescorching heat an$ thirsty atmos!here of this !arche$ region. 4turbi$ ri#er ran from south to north athart the #alley,"$i#i$ing it in tain," as a historian of the $ay has ritten,"as if the #ast bol in the intense heat of the Master PotterLsfires, in !rocess of formation ha$ cracke$ asun$er." Smallstreams of ater starte$ in ri!!ling haste from the snoca!s ofthe mountains toar$ the lake, but most of them ere $e#oure$ bythe thirsty san$s of the #alley before their journey as halfcom!lete$.

Such as the scene of $esolation that greete$ the !ioneer ban$.4 more forsaken s!ot they ha$ not !asse$ in all their an$erings.4n$ is this the !romise$ lan$Q This is the #ery !lace of hichBri$ger s!ake hen he !roffere$ a thousan$ $ollars in gol$ forthe first bushel of grain that coul$ be raise$ here. )ith such aanaan s!rea$ out before them, as it not holly !ar$onable ifsome $i$ sigh ith longing for the leeks an$ flesh!ots of theEgy!t they ha$ left, or ishe$ to !ass by this lan$ an$ seek afairer homeQ To of the three omen ho belonge$ to the !artyere utterly $isa!!ointe$. ")eak, orn, an$ eary as & am," sai$one of these heroines, "& oul$ rather !ush on another thousan$miles than stay here."

But the #oice of their lea$er as hear$. "The #ery !lace," sai$Brigham 'oung, an$ in his !ro!hetic min$ there rose a #ision ofhat as to come. Aot for a moment $i$ he $oubt the future. esa a multitu$e of tons an$ cities, hamlets an$ #illas fillingthis an$ neighboring #alleys, ith the fairest of all, a cityhose beauty of situation, hose ealth of resource shoul$ becomeknon throughout the orl$, rising from the most ari$ site of theburning $esert before him, har$ by the barren salt shores of theatery aste. There in the #ery heart of the !arche$ il$ernessshoul$ stan$ the ouse of the >or$, ith other tem!les in #alleys



beyon$ the horiKon of his gaKe.

)ithin a fe hours after the arri#al of the #anguar$ u!on thebanks of hat is no knon as ity reekthe mountain streamhich to$ay furnishes Salt >ake ity !art of her atersu!!ly!los ere !ut to orkH but the har$bake$ soil, ne#erbefore $isturbe$ by the efforts of man to till, refuse$ to yiel$to the share. 4 $am as thron across the stream an$ the

softening liIui$ as s!rea$ u!on the flat that ha$ been chosenfor the first fiel$s. The !lanting season ha$ alrea$y ell nigh!asse$, an$ not a $ay coul$ be lost. Potatoes an$ other see$ere !ut in, an$ the lan$ as again floo$e$. Such as thebeginning of the irrigation system, hich soon becamecoetensi#e ith the area occu!ie$ by the "Mormon" settlers, asystem hich un$er the blessing of Pro#i$ence, has !ro#e$ to bethe #eritable magic touch by hich the $esert has been ma$e afiel$ of richness an$ a gar$en of beautyH a system hich noafter many $eca$es of successful trial is hel$ u! by the nationLsise an$ great ones to be the one !racticable metho$ ofreclaiming our countryLs #ast $omains of ari$ lan$s. &t as onthe 57th of July, /71, that the main !art of the !ioneer ban$

entere$ the #alley of the Great Salt >ake, an$ that $ay of theyear is obser#e$ as a legal holi$ay in @tah. *rom that time tothe !resent, the stream of immigration to these #alleys has ne#ercease$.

4PTE- &+

The $angers of the first com!anyLs migration ere sur!asse$ bythose of !arties ho subseIuently bra#e$ the terrors of the!lains. &n their enthusiasm to reach the gathering !lace oftheir !eo!le, many of the >atter$ay Saints set out from &oa,

here railay facilities ha$ their termination, ith han$cartsonly as a means of con#eyance. To$ay there are li#ing in thesmiling #ales of @tah, men an$ omen ho then as boys an$ girlstru$ge$ earily across the !rairies, $ragging the lumbering cartsthat containe$ their entire !ro#ision against star#ation an$freeKing. Such han$cart com!anies ere organiKe$ ith careH alimite$ amount of freight as alloe$ to each $i#isionH milchcattle an$ a #ery fe $raftanimals, ith agons for con#eyingthe hea#ier baggage an$ to carry the sick, ere assigne$. Thetale of those $reary marches has ne#er yet been tol$H the song ofthe heroism an$ sacrifice $is!laye$ by these !ilgrims forconscience sake is aaiting a singer orthy the theme. )a$ingthe streams ith carts in to, or in cases of unfor$able streams,

sto!!ing to construct raftsH at times li#ing on re$uce$ rationsof but a fe ounces of meal !er $ayH lying $on at night ith a!rayer in the heart that they ake no more on earth, a !rayerhich ha$ its fulfilment in hun$re$s of casesH the $ying hea#ingtheir !arting sighs in the arms of lo#e$ ones ho ere soon tofollo, they journeye$ on.

The ine#itable catastro!hes an$ acci$ents of tra#el robbe$ themof their substance. ostile sa#ages stam!e$e$ their cattle, oro!enly attacke$ an$ !lun$ere$ the trains. But on they ent,ne#er ser#ing from the course. These later com!anies nee$e$ no



chart nor com!ass to gui$e them o#er the $esertH the roa$ as!lain from the marks of former cam!s, an$ yet more so from thegra#es of frien$s an$ lo#e$ ones ho ha$ starte$ before on theroa$ to the earthly ion an$ foun$ that it le$ them to themartyrLs entrance to hea#en, gra#es that ere marke$ !erha!s butby a ru$e inscri!tion cut on a !ole or a boar$. 4n$ e#en thesenarro lo$gings ha$ not been left in#iolateH the ol#es of the!lains ha$ too often succee$e$ in unearthing an$ ren$ing the

bo$ies. E#ery com!any thus ma$e the course the !lainerH each ofthem a$$e$ to the silent !o!ulation of the $esertH sometimes halfa score ere interre$ at one cam!, an$ of one com!any o#er afourth ere thus left besi$e the !rairie roa$. Ao e tra#ersethe selfsame track in a $ay an$ a night, reclining on luuriouscushions of ease, co#ering fifty miles hile $ining in luuryHan$ e a#ert the ennui of the journey by berating the railaycom!any for lack of s!ee$.

-elief trains ere continually on the ay beteen the #alley ofthe Salt >ake an$ the MissouriH an$ the remnants of many acom!any ere sa#e$ from hat a!!eare$ to be certain $estructionby the o!!ortune arri#al of these rescuing !arties. Such relief

came from those ho ere themsel#es $estitute an$ almoststar#ing. Brigham 'oung ith a fe of the chief officials of thehurch, an$ ai$s, returne$ eastar$ on such an erran$ of rescueithin a fe eeks after first reaching the #alley. The regionto hich the early settlers came as in no ise a ty!ical lan$ of!romiseH it $i$ not flo s!ontaneously ith milk an$ honey.

%rought an$ unseasonable frosts ma$e the first yearLs farminge!eriments but $oubtful successes, an$ in the succee$ing s!ringthe lan$ as #isite$ by the $e#astating !lague of the -ockyMountain crickets. They sarme$ $on in innumerable hor$es u!onthe fiel$s, $estroying the groing cro!s as they a$#ance$,$e#ouring all before them, lea#ing the lan$ a $esert in their

track. The !eo!le scarcely kne ho to ithstan$ the assault ofthis ne foeH they $ro#e the marau$ers into trenches there to be$rone$ or burne$H men, omen an$ e#ery chil$ that coul$ sing astick, ere calle$ to the ranks in this insect arH an$ ith alltheir fighting, the !eo!le forgot not to !ray for $eli#erance,an$ they faste$, too, for the best of reasons.

4n$ as they atche$, an$ !raye$, an$ orke$, they sa a!!roachingfrom the north an$ est a #eritable host of inge$ creatures ofmore formi$able !ro!ortions stillH an$ these bore $on u!on thefiel$s as though coming to com!lete the $e#astation. But see2these are of the color that betokens !eaceH they are the gulls,hite an$ beautiful, a$#ancing u!on the hosts of the black

$estroyers. *alling u!on the !eo!leLs foes, they $e#oure$ themby the thousan$, an$ hen fille$ to re!letion, $isgorge$ an$feaste$ again. 4n$ they $i$ not sto! till the crickets ere$estroye$. 4gain the ske!tic ill say this as but chanceH butthe !eo!le acce!te$ that chance as a !ro#i$ential ruling in theirbehalf, an$ re#erently $i$ they gi#e thanks.

To$ay the anton killing of a gull in @tah is an offense in laHbut stronger than legal !roscri!tion, more !oerful than fear ofju$icial !enalties, is the !o!ular sentiment in fa#or of thesehiteinge$ $eli#erers. E#ery year come these graceful



creatures to s!en$ the s!ringtime in the fiel$s an$ u!on thelakes of @tahH an$ right ell $o they feel their elcome, forthey are habitually so tame an$ fearless that they may almost betouche$ by the han$ before they take flight.

By the autumn of /7, fi#e thousan$ !eo!le ha$ alrea$y reache$the #alley, an$ the foo$ !roblem as a most $ifficult one. Theinter as se#ereH an$ famine, stark an$ ineorable, thre its

$rea$ sha$o o#er the !eo!le. There seeme$ to be an entry in thebook of fate that e#ery !ossible test of human en$urance an$integrity shoul$ be a!!lie$ to this !ilgrim ban$. )ithout$istinction as to former station, they ent out an$ $ug the rootsof ee$s, gathere$ the ten$erest of the coarse grass, thistles,an$ il$ berries, an$ thus $i$ they subsistH u!on such $i$ theyfeast ith thanksgi#ing, until a less scanty har#est relie#e$their ants.

&t as at this time that the gol$ fe#er as at its height, aconseIuence of the $isco#ery of the !recious metal in alifornia,in hich $isco#ery, in$ee$, certain members of the $isban$e$"Mormon" Battalion, orking their ay eastar$, ere most

!rominent. Some of the "Mormon" settlers, becoming infecte$ iththe mala$y, hastene$ estar$, but the counsel of the hurchauthorities !re#aile$ to kee! all but a fe at home. These!eo!le ha$ not left the country of their birth or a$o!tion toseek gol$H nor bright jeels of the mineH nor the ealth of seasHnor the s!oils of arH they sought an$ belie#e$ they ha$ foun$, afaithLs !ure shrine. But the gol$seekers hastening estar$,an$ the successful miners returning eastar$, halte$ at the"Mormon" settlements an$ there re!lenishe$ their su!!lies,lea#ing their gol$ to enrich the !eo!le of the $esert.

But of hat use is gol$ in the il$erness2 &n the ol$ legen$ afamishing 4rab, fin$ing a ell fille$ bag u!on the san$ as

thrille$ ith joy at the thought of $ateshis brea$H an$ thenas cast into the $e!ths of $es!air hen he realiKe$ that he ha$foun$ nothing but a bag of costly !earls. The settlers by thelake nee$e$ horses an$ agons, tools, im!lements of husban$ry an$buil$ingH an$ gol$ as #aluable only as it re!resente$ a means ofobtaining these. Gol$ became so !lentiful an$ as ithal soorthless in the $esert colony that men refuse$ to take it fortheir labor. The yello metal as collecte$ in buckets an$e!orte$ to the States in echange for the goo$s so much $esire$.Merchan$ise brought in by cara#ans of "!rairie schooners," assol$ as fast as it coul$ be !ut outH an$ strict rules ereenforce$ alloing but a !ro!ortionate amount to each !urchaser.

)ithin a fe months after the first settlement of @tah, !ublicschools ere establishe$H an$ one of the early acts of the!ro#isional go#ernment as to grant a charter to the %eseret@ni#ersity, no knon as the @ni#ersity of @tah.

@! to /70, @tah ha$ no !olitical history. Settling in a Meican!ro#ince, the contest to $etermine its future onershi! by the@nite$ States then in !rogress, the !eo!le in common ith most!ioneer communities establishe$ their on form of go#ernment.But in *ebruary, /7, the treaty of Gua$elou!e i$algo ga#ealifornia to the @nite$ StatesH months !asse$, hoe#er, before



the nes of the change reache$ the est. Early in /70, a callha$ been issue$ to "all the citiKens of that !ortion of @!!eralifornia lying to the east of the Sierra Ae#a$a mountains" tomeet in con#ention at Great Salt >ake ityH an$ there a !etitionas !re!are$ asking of ongress the rights of selfgo#ernmentHan$ !en$ing action, a tem!orary regime as establishe$, un$er thename of the Pro#isional Go#ernment of the State of %eseret.

"@tah" as not the choice of the !eo!le as the name of theirstateH that or$ ser#e$ but to recall the $egra$e$ tribes ho ha$conteste$ the settlement of the #alleys. %eseret, a Book ofMormon name for the honey bee, as more a!!ro!riate. The!etition of the !eo!le as $enie$ in !art, an$, in /:6 asestablishe$ the territorial form of go#ernment in @tah.oncerning the !erio$ of the !ro#isional go#ernment, such men asGunnison, Stansbury, an$ other fe$eral officials on $uty in theest, ha#e recor$e$ their !raises of the "Mormon" colonists inofficial re!orts. But ith the un4merican system of territorialgo#ernment came troubles.

4t first, many of the territorial officials ere a!!ointe$ from

among the settlers themsel#esH thus, Brigham 'oung as the firstgo#ernorH but strangers, ho kne not the !eo!le nor their ays,fille$ ith !reju$ice from the false re!orts they ha$ hear$, camefrom the east to go#ern the colonists in the $esert. ?f thefe$eral a!!ointees thus force$ u!on the !eo!le of @tah, many ma$efor themsel#es most unen#iable recor$s.

Some of them ere broken !oliticians, !rofessionalofficeseekers, ith no $esire but to secure the greatest!ossible gain out of their a!!ointment. )ith effrontery thatoul$ shock the mo$esty of a sa#age, the non"Mormon" !artya$o!te$ an$ flagrantly $is!laye$ the car!etbag as the ba$ge oftheir !rofession. But not all the officials sent to @tah from

afar ere of this ty!eH some of them ere honorable an$ u!rightmen, an$ amongst this class the "Mormon" !eo!le reckon a numberho, hile o!!ose$ to their religious tenets, ere ne#erthelesssincere an$ honest in the o!!osition they e#ince$.

&n the early !art of /:1, the !ublishe$ libels u!on the !eo!lerecei#e$ many serious a$$itions, the !rinci!al of hich as!romulgate$ in connection ith the resignation of Ju$ge %rummon$of the @tah fe$eral court. &n his last letter to the @nite$States attorneygeneral, he $eclare$ that his life as no longersafe in @tah, an$ that he ha$ been com!elle$ to flee from hisbenchH but the most serious charge of all as that the !eo!le ha$$estroye$ the recor$s of the court, an$ that they ha$ resente$,

ith hostile $emonstration, his !rotestsH in short, that justiceas $ethrone$ in @tah, an$ that the !eo!le ere in a state ofo!en rebellion.

)ith mails three months a!art, nes tra#ele$ slolyH but as soonas or$ of this infamous charge reache$ Salt >ake ity, the clerkof the court, Ju$ge %rummon$Ls clerk, sent a letter by e!ress tothe attorneygeneral, $enying un$er oath the ju$geLs statements,an$ attesting the $eclaration ith official seal. The recor$s,he $eclare$, ha$ been untouche$ ece!t by official han$s, an$from the time of the courtLs establishment the files ha$ been



safe an$ ere then in his !ersonal kee!ing. But, before theclerkLs communication ha$ reache$ its $estination, so $ifficultis it for stately truth to o#ertake flitting falsehoo$, themischief ha$ been $one. @!on the most !reju$ice$ re!orts utterlyunfoun$e$ in fact, ith a carelessness hich e#en his !ersonalan$ !olitical frien$s foun$ no am!le means of e!laining aay,Presi$ent Buchanan alloe$ himself to be !ersua$e$ that a"Mormon" rebellion eiste$, an$ or$ere$ an army of o#er to

thousan$ men to !rocee$ straightay to @tah to sub$ue the rebels.Successors to the go#ernor an$ other territorial officials erea!!ointe$, among hom there as not a single resi$ent of @tahHan$ the military force as charge$ ith the $uty of installingthe foreign a!!ointees.

)ith great $is!atch an$ un$er co#er of secrecy, so that the @tahrebels might be taken by sur!rise, the army set out on the march.Before the troo!s reache$ the -ocky Mountains, the sornstatement from the clerk of the su!reme court of @tah $enying thecharges ma$e by Ju$ge %rummon$ became !ublic !ro!ertyH an$ aboutthe same time men ho ha$ come from @tah to Ae 'ork $irect,!ublishe$ o#er their on signatures a $eclaration that all as

!eaceful in an$ about the settlements of @tah. The !ublic eyebegan to titch, an$ soon to o!en i$eH the con#iction asgroing that someone ha$ blun$ere$. But to retract oul$ be a!lain confession of errorH blun$ers must be co#ere$ u!.

>et us lea#e the sol$iers on their estar$ march, an$ ascertainho the nes of the !rojecte$ in#asion reache$ the !eo!le of@tah, an$ hat effect the ti$ings !ro$uce$. ertain "Mormon"business agents, o!erating in Missouri, hear$ of the hostilemo#ement. 4t first they ere incre$ulous, but hen the o#erlan$mail carrier from the est $eli#ere$ his !ouch an$ obtaine$ hisrecei!t, but as refuse$ the bag of @tah mail ith the!ostmasterLs statement that he ha$ been or$ere$ to hol$ all mail

for @tah, there seeme$ no room for $oubt. To of the @tahnsimme$iately hastene$ estar$.

?n the 57th of July, /:1, the !eo!le ha$ assemble$ incelebration of Pioneer %ay. Sil#er >ake, a mountain gem setami$st the snos an$ forests an$ toering !eaks of theottonoo$s, ha$ been selecte$ as a fitting site for thefesti#ities. The Stars an$ Stri!es streame$ abo#e the cam!Hban$s !laye$H choirs sangH there ere s!eeches, an$ !icnics, an$!rayers. E!eriences ere com!are$ as to the journeyings on the!lainsH stories ere tol$ of the shifts to hich the !eo!le ha$been !ut by the #icissitu$es of famineH but these $rea$e!eriences seeme$ to them no like a $ream of the nightH on this

$ay all ere ha!!y. )ere they not safe from sa#age foes both re$an$ hiteQ There ha$ been !eace for a seasonH an$ their $eserthomes ere alrea$y smiling in ealth of floer an$ treeH theil$erness as blossoming un$er their feetH their consciencesere #oi$ of offense toar$ their fellos. 'et at that #eryhour, all unbeknon to themsel#es, an$ ithout the o!!ortunity ofs!eaking a or$ in $efense, these !eo!le ha$ been con#icte$ ofinsurrection an$ treason.

&t as mi$$ay an$ the festi#ities ere at their height, hen a!arty of men ro$e into cam! an$ sought an inter#ie ith Go#ernor



'oung. Three of them ha$ !lainly ri$$en har$ an$ farH they ga#etheir re!ortHan arme$ force of thousan$s as at that houra!!roaching the territoryH the boasts of officers an$ men as tohat they oul$ $o hen they foun$ themsel#es in "Mormon" tonsere re!orte$H an$ these stories calle$ u!, in the min$s of thoseho hear$, the $rea$ scenes of *ar )est an$ Aau#oo. a$ thesecolonists of the il$erness not gone far enough to satisfy thehatre$ of their fellocitiKens in this re!ublic of libertyQ

They ha$ halte$ beteen the ci#iliKation of the east an$ that ofthe est, they ha$ fle$ from the country that refuse$ them ahome, an$ no the nation oul$ eject them from their $esertlo$gings.

4 council as calle$ an$ the situation as freely $iscusse$. a$they not seen, lo, these many times, organiKe$ battalions an$com!anies sur!assing fien$ish mobs in #illainyQ The e#i$encearrante$ their conclusion that in#asion meant massacre. )ithtense calmness the !lan of action as $eci$e$ u!on. &t as thegeneral con#iction that ar as ine#itable, an$ it as $eci$e$ toresist to the last. Then, if the army force$ its ay into the#alleys of @tah on hostile !ur!ose bent, it shoul$ fin$ the lan$

as truly a $esert as it as hen the !ioneers first took!ossession. To this effect as the $ecision3)e ha#e builtcities in the east for our foes to occu!yH our #ery tem!les ha#ebeen $esecrate$ an$ $estroye$ by themH but, ith the hel! of&sraelLs Go$, e ill !re#ent them enriching themsel#es ith thes!oils of our labors in these mountain retreats.

There seeme$ to be no room for $oubt that ar as about to breaku!on themH an$ ith such a !ros!ect, men may be e!ecte$ to takee#ery a$#antage of their situation. Brigham 'oung as stillgo#ernor of @tah, an$ the militia as subject to his or$er.Prom!tly he !roclaime$ the territory un$er martial la, an$forba$e any arme$ bo$y to cross its boun$aries. Echo anyon, the

one !romising route of ingress, as fortifie$. &n those $efilesan army might easily be sto!!e$ by a feH ammunition stationsere establishe$H !ro#isions ere cache$H boul$ers ere collecte$u!on the cliffs beneath hich the in#a$ers must !ass if they hel$to their !ur!ose of forcing an entrance. The !eo!le ha$ beenrouse$ to $es!eration, an$ force as to be met ith force. &nthe settlements, combustibles ere !lace$ in rea$iness, an$ ifthe orst came, e#ery "Mormon" house oul$ be re$uce$ to ashes,e#ery tree oul$ be hen $on.

)ith an e!erience of suffering that oul$ ha#e ell ser#e$ abetter cause, this !icke$ $etachment of the @nite$ States armyma$e its ay to the Green -i#er countryH an$ there, counting ell

the cost of !rocee$ing farther, ent into cam! at *ort Bri$ger.Many of the troo!s ha$ almost !erishe$ in the storms, for it aslate in Ao#ember, an$ the inter ha$ close$ in early. olonelooke re!orte$ to the comman$ant that half his horses ha$!erishe$ through col$ an$ lack of foo$H hun$re$s of beef cattleha$ $ie$H yet the region as so il$ an$ forbi$$ing that scarcelya olf #enture$ there to glut itself u!on the carcasses. &nookeLs on or$s e rea$ that for thirty miles the roa$ asblocke$ ith carcassesan$ "ith aban$one$ an$ shattere$!ro!erty, they mark, !erha!s beyon$ eam!le in history, the ste!sof an a$#ancing army ith the horrors of a $isastrous retreat."



)ith the army tra#ele$ the ne fe$eral a!!ointees to offices inthe territory. umming, the go#ernortobe, issue$ a!roclamation from his $ugout lo$gings, an$ sent it to Salt >akeity by courierH he signe$ it as "Go#ernor of @tah Territory."This but belittle$ him, for by the #ery terms of the ?rganic 4ct,to u!hol$ hich as the !rofesse$ !ur!ose of his coming, he asnot go#ernor until the oath of office ha$ been $uly a$ministere$

an$ subscribe$. 4 fe $ays later he ent before hisfellosufferer Eckles, the a!!ointee for chief justice of @tah,an$ took an oathH but hy $i$ he sear so recklessly hen the onebefore hom he sore as no more an official than himselfQ

The army intere$ at a satisfactory $istance from Salt >ake ity,an$ such a inter, accor$ing to official re!orts, the sol$iers ofour nation ha#e rarely ha$ to bra#e. &t as soon a!!arent thatthey nee$ fear no "Mormon" attackH or$ers ha$ been issue$ to theterritorial militia to take no life ece!t in cases of absolutenecessityH but General Johnston an$ his staff ha$ more than theirmatch in battling ith the elements. ommunications beteenGo#ernor 'oung an$ the comman$ant ere freIuentH safe con$uct as

assure$ any an$ all officers ho chose to enter the cityH an$ ifnecessary hostages ere to be gi#enH but the go#ernor asineorable in his ultimatum that, as an organiKe$ bo$y ithhostile !ur!ose, the sol$iers shoul$ not !ass the mountaingateay. &n the meantime, a full account of the situation asre!orte$ by Go#ernor 'oung to the Presi$ent of the @nite$ States,an$ the truth sloly ma$e its ay into the eastern !ress.Presi$ent Buchanan tacitly a$mitte$ his mistakeH but to recallthe troo!s at that juncture oul$ be to confess humiliatingfailure.

4 !eace commissioner, in the !erson of olonel ane, as$is!atche$ to Salt >ake ityH his coming being ma$e knon to

Go#ernor 'oung, an escort as sent to meet him an$ con$uct himthrough the "Mormon" lines. The result of the conference asthat the "Mormon" lea$ers but reiterate$ their statement that thePresi$entLs a!!ointees oul$ be gi#en safe entry to the city, an$be $uly installe$ in their offices, !ro#i$e$ they oul$ enterithout the army. This ultimatum as carrie$ to the fe$eralcam!H an$ to the o!en chagrin of the comman$ant, Go#ernor ummingan$ his fello a!!ointees mo#e$ to Salt >ake ity un$er "Mormon"escort, after a fi#e monthsL halt in the il$erness.

& belie#e that strategy is usually alloe$ in ar, an$ & am freeto say the "Mormons" a#aile$ themsel#es of this license. 4tshort inter#als in the course of the night!assage through the

canyon, the !arty as challenge$, an$ the !assor$ $eman$e$Hbonfires ere blaKing $on in the gorges, an$ the im!ression asma$e that the mountains ere full of arme$ menH hereas thesentries ere members of the escort, ho, !rece$ing by short cutsthe main !arty, continue$ to challenge an$ to !ass. ?n theirarri#al, the gentlemen ere met by the retiring officials, an$ere !eaceably installe$. The ne go#ernor calle$ u!on the clerkof the court, an$ ascertaine$ the truth of the statement that therecor$s ere entirely safe. e !rom!tly re!orte$ his conclusionsto General Johnston that there as no further nee$ for the army.&t as $eci$e$, hoe#er, that the sol$iers shoul$ be !ermitte$ to



march through the city, an$ straightay the "Mormons" began theireo$us to the south.

Go#ernor umming trie$ in #ain to in$uce the !eo!le to remain,assuring them that the troo!s oul$ commit no $e!re$ations. "Aotso," sai$ Brigham 'oung, "e ha#e ha$ e!erience ith troo!s inthe !ast, Go#ernor ummingH e ha#e seen our lea$ers shot $on bythe $emoraliKe$ sol$ieryH e ha#e seen mothers ith babes at

their breasts sent to their last home by the same bulletH e ha#eitnesse$ outrages beyon$ $escri!tion. 'ou are no Go#ernor of@tahH e can no longer comman$ the militia for our on $efense.)e $o not ish to fight, therefore e $e!art." >ea#ing a fe mento a!!ly the bran$ to the combustibles store$ in e#ery house, atthe first sign of !lun$er by the sol$iers, the !eo!le again$eserte$ their homes an$ mo#e$ into the $esert ane.

But the officers of the army ke!t their or$H the troo!s ere !utinto cam! forty miles from the settlements, an$ the settlersreturne$. The Presi$entLs commissioners brought the official!ar$on, unsolicite$, for all acts committe$ by the "Mormons" ino!!osing the entrance of the army. The !eo!le aske$ hat they

ha$ $one that nee$e$ !ar$onH they ha$ not robbe$, they ha$ notkille$. But a critical analysis of these troublous e#entsre#eale$ at least one o#ert actsome "Mormon" scouts ha$challenge$ a su!!ly trainH an$, being o!!ose$, they ha$ $estroye$some of the agons an$ !ro#isionsH an$ for this they acce!te$ thePresi$entLs most gracious !ar$on.

4PTE- +

4fter all, the "Mormon" !eo!le regar$ the a$#ent of the Buchananarmy as one of the greatest material blessings e#er brought to

them.

The troo!s, once in @tah, ha$ to be !ro#isione$H an$ e#erythingthe settlers coul$ s!are as eagerly bought at an unusual !rice.The gol$ change$ han$s. Then, in their hasty $e!arture, thesol$iers $is!ose$ of e#erything outsi$e of actual necessities inthe ay of accouterment an$ cam! eIui!age. The army foun$ the!eo!le in !o#erty, an$ left them in com!arati#e ealth.

4n$ hat as the cause of this hurrie$ $e!arture of the militaryQ*or many months, ominous rumblings ha$ been hear$,in$icationsof the gathering storm hich as soon to break in the aful furyof ci#il strife. &t coul$ not be $oubte$ that ar as imminentH

alrea$y the conflict ha$ begun, an$ a !icke$ !art of the army asaay in the estern il$s, $oing nothing for any !hase of the!ublic goo$. But a or$ further concerning the e!e$ition ingeneral. The sen$ing of troo!s to @tah as !art of a foul schemeto eaken the go#ernment in its im!en$ing struggle ith thesecessionists. The mo#ement has been calle$ not ina!tly"BuchananLs blun$er," but the best an$ isest men may makeblun$ers, an$ hate#er may be sai$ of Presi$ent BuchananLsshortsighte$ness in taking this ste!, e#en his enemies $o notIuestion his integrity in the matter. e as unjustly charge$ith fa#oring secessionH but the charge as soon $is!ro#e$.



oe#er, it as knon that certain of his cabinet ere in leagueith the sece$ing statesH an$ !rominent among them as John*loy$, secretary of ar. The successful efforts of this officerto $isarm the Aorth, hile accumulating the munitions of ar inthe SouthH to scatter the forces by locating them in i$elyse!arate$ an$ remote stationsH an$ in other ays to $is!ose ofthe regular army in the manner best calculate$ to fa#or the

antici!ate$ rebellion, are matters of history. &t is also tol$ho, at the commencement of the rebellion, he allie$ himself iththe confe$erate forces, acce!ting the rank of briga$iergeneral.&t as through *loy$Ls a$#ice that Buchanan or$ere$ the militarye!e$ition to @tah, ostensibly to install certain fe$eralofficials an$ to re!ress an allege$ infantile rebellion hich infact ha$ ne#er come into eistence, but in reality to further theinterests of the secessionists. )hen the history of that greatstruggle ith its antece$ent an$ its conseIuent circumstances isritten ith a !en that shall in$ite naught but truth, hen!reju$ice an$ !artisanshi! are li#e$ $on, it may a!!ear thatJefferson %a#is rather than James Buchanan as the !rime cause ofthe great mistake.

4n$ General Johnston ho comman$e$ the army in the estH he hoas so #ehement in his $enunciation of the rebel "Mormons," an$ho rejoice$ in being selecte$ to chastise them into submissionHho, because of his #in$icti#eness incurre$ the illfa#or of thego#ernor, hose !osse comitatus the army asH hat became ofhim, at one time so !o!ular that he as s!oken of as a likelysuccessor to )infiel$ Scott in the office of generalinchief ofthe @nite$ States armyQ e left @tah in the early stages of therebellion, turne$ his arms against the flag he ha$ sorn to$efen$, $offe$ the blue, $onne$ the grey, an$ fell a rebel on thefiel$ of Shiloh.

hanges many an$ great folloe$ in beil$ering succession in@tah. The !eo!le ere besought to take si$es ith the South inthe aful scenes of cruel strifeH it as o!enly state$ in theeast that @tah ha$ allie$ herself ith the cause of secessionHan$ by others that the $esign as to make Salt >ake ity theca!ital of an in$e!en$ent go#ernment. 4n$ surely suchconjectures ere !ar$onable on the !art of all hose ignorancean$ !reju$ice still nurse$ the $elusion of "Mormon" $isloyalty.Moreo#er, ha$ the !eo!le been incline$ to rebellion hat greatero!!ortunity coul$ they ha#e ishe$Q 4lrea$y a Aorth an$ a Southere talke$ ofhy not set u! also a )estQ 4 su!remeo!!ortunity ha$ come an$ ho as it use$Q &t as at this #erytime that the ?#erlan$ Telegra!h line, hich ha$ been a!!roaching

from the 4tlantic an$ the Pacific, as com!lete$, an$ the firsttremor felt in that ner#e of steel carrie$ these or$s fromBrigham 'oung3

@tah has not sece$e$, but is firm for the constitution an$ las of our country.

The "Mormon" !eo!le sa in their terrible e!eriences an$ in theoutrages to hich they ha$ been subjecte$, only themala$ministration of las an$ the sub#ersion of justice throughhuman inca!acity an$ hatre$. Ae#er e#en for a moment $i$ they



Iuestion the su!reme authority an$ the ins!ire$ origin of theconstitution of their lan$. They kne no Aorth, no South, noEast, no )estH they stoo$ !ositi#ely by the constitution, an$oul$ ha#e nothing to $o in the bloo$y strife beteen brothers,unless in$ee$ they ere summone$ by the authority to hich theyha$ alrea$y once loyally res!on$e$, to furnish men an$ arms fortheir countryLs nee$.

*olloing the a$#ent of the telegra!h came the railayH an$ thelan$ of "Mormon$om" as no longer isolate$. er resources ere$e#elo!e$, her ealth became a to!ic of the orl$Ls on$erH theti$e of immigration selle$ her !o!ulation, contributing much ofthe best from all the ci#iliKe$ nations of the earth. E#eryrea$er of recent an$ current history has learne$ of her ra!i$grothH of her re!eate$ a!!eals for the recognition to hich sheha$ so long been entitle$ in the sisterhoo$ of statesH of the!rom!t refusals ith hich her !leas ere !ersistently met,though other territories ith smaller an$ more illiterate!o!ulations, more restricte$ resources, an$ in e#ery ay eakerclaims, ere alloe$ to assume the habiliments of maturity, hile@tah, lusty, large an$ strong, as ke!t in sa$$ling clothes.

But the cries of the #igorous infant ere at length hee$e$, an$in anser to the se#enth a!!eal of the kin$, @tahLs star asa$$e$ to the nationLs galay.

But let us turn more !articularly to the history of the hurchitself. *or a secon$ time an$ thrice thereafter, the hurch ofJesus hrist of >atter$ay Saints has been $e!ri#e$ of its!resi$ent, an$ on each occasion ere reiterate$ the !ro!hecies of$isru!tion uttere$ at the time of Jose!h SmithLs assassination.alm obser#ers $eclare$ that as the she!her$ ha$ gone, the flockoul$ soon be $is!erse$H hile others, com!arable only to ol#es,thinking the fol$ unguar$e$, sought to harry an$ scatter theshee!. But "Mormonism" $ie$ notH e#ery a$$e$ !ang of grief

ser#e$ but to unite the !eo!le.

)hen Brigham 'oung !asse$ from earth, he as mourne$ of the!eo!le as $ee!ly as as Moses of &srael. 4n$ ha$ he not !ro#e$himself a Moses, aye an$ a Joshua, tooQ e ha$ le$ the !eo!leinto the lan$ of holy !romise, an$ ha$ $i#i$e$ unto them theirinheritances. e as a man ith clear title as one of the smallbrotherhoo$ e call great. 4s car!enter, farmer, !ioneer,ca!italist, financier, !reacher, a!ostle, !ro!hetin e#erythinghe as a lea$er among men. E#en those ho o!!ose$ him in!olitics an$ in religion res!ecte$ him for his talents, hismagnanimity, his liberality, an$ his manlinessH an$ years afterhis $emise, men ho ha$ refuse$ him honor hile ali#e brought

their mites an$ their gol$ to erect a monument of stone an$bronKe to the memory of this man ho nee$s it not. )ith his$eath close$ another e!och in the history of his !eo!le, an$ asuccessor arose, one ho as ca!able of lea$ing an$ ju$ging un$erthe change$ con$itions.

But !erha!s & am sus!ecte$ of ha#ing forgotten or of ha#ingintentionally omitte$ reference to hat !o!ular belief onceconsi$ere$ the chief feature of "Mormonism," the cornerstone of



the structure, the secret of its influence o#er its members, an$of its attracti#eness to its !roselytes, #iK., the !eculiarity ofthe "Mormon" institution of marriage. The >atter$ay Saints erelong regar$e$ as a !olygamous !eo!le. That !lural marriage hasbeen !ractise$ by a limite$ !ro!ortion of the !eo!le, un$ersanction of hurch or$inance, has ne#er since the intro$uction ofthe system been $enie$. But that !lural marriage is a #italtenet of the hurch is not true. )hat the >atter$ay Saints call

celestial marriage is characteristic of the hurch, an$ is in#ery general !ractiseH but of celestial marriage, !lurality ofi#es as an inci$ent, ne#er an essential. 'et the to ha#eoften been confuse$ in the !o!ular min$.

)e belie#e in a literal resurrection an$ an actual hereafter, inhich future state shall be recogniKe$ e#ery sanctifie$ an$authoriKe$ relationshi! eisting here on earthof !arent an$chil$, brother an$ sister, husban$ an$ ife. )e belie#e, furtherthat contracts as of marriage, to be #ali$ beyon$ the #eil ofmortality must be sanctione$ by a !oer greater than that ofearth. )ith the seal of the holy Priesthoo$ u!on their e$$e$state, these !eo!le belie#e im!licitly in the !er!etuity of that

relationshi! on the far si$e of the gra#e. They marry not iththe sa$$ening limitation "@ntil $eath $o you !art," but "*or timean$ for all eternity."8<= This constitutes celestial marriage.The thought that !lural marriage has e#er been the hea$ an$ frontof "Mormon" offen$ing, that to it is traceable as the true causethe hatre$ of other sects an$ the un!o!ularity of the hurch, isnot tenable to the earnest thinker. Sa$ as ha#e been thee!eriences of the !eo!le in conseIuence of this !ractise, $ee!an$ anguishla$en as ha#e been the sighs an$ groans, hot an$bitter as ha#e been the tears so cause$, the hea#iest!ersecution, the cruelest treatment of their history began before!lural marriage as knon in the hurch.

8*ootnote <3 *or treatment of elestial Marraige an$ other Tem!leor$inances, see "The ouse of the >or$," by the !resent author,Salt >ake ity, @tah, /0/5.=

There is no sect nor !eo!le that sets a higher #alue on #irtuean$ chastity than $o the >atter$ay Saints, nor a !eo!le that#isits surer retribution u!on the hea$s of offen$ers against thelas of seual !urity. To them marriage is not, can ne#er be, aci#il com!act aloneH its significance reaches beyon$ the gra#eHits obligations are eternalH an$ the >atter$ay Saints arenotable for the sanctity ith hich they in#est the maritalstate. &t has been my !ri#ilege to trea$ the soil of many lan$s,to obser#e the customs an$ stu$y the habits of more nations than

oneH an$ & ha#e yet to fin$ the !lace an$ meet the !eo!le, herean$ ith hom the !urity of man an$ oman is hel$ more !reciousthan among the maligne$ "Mormons" in the mountain #alleys of theest. There & fin$ this measure of just eIuality of the seesthat the sins of man shall not be #isite$ u!on the hea$ ofoman.

4t the ince!tion of !lural marriage among the >atter$ay Saints,there as no la, national or state, against its !ractise. Thisstatement assumes, as grante$, a $istinction beteen bigamy an$the "Mormon" institution of !lural marriage. &n /;5, a la as



enacte$ ith the !ur!ose of su!!ressing !lural marriage, an$, asha$ been !re$icte$ in the national Senate !rior to its !assage,it lay for many years a $ea$ letter. *e$eral ju$ges an$ @nite$States attorneys in @tah, ho ere not "Mormons" nor lo#ers of"Mormonism," refuse$ to entertain com!laints or !rosecute casesun$er the la, because of its manifest injustice an$ ina$eIuacy.But other las folloe$, most of hich, as the >atter$ay Saintsbelie#e, ere aime$ $irectly at their religious conce!tion of the

marriage contract, an$ not at social im!ro!riety nor seualoffense.

4t last the E$mun$sTucker act took effect, making not themarriage alone but the subseIuent acknole$ging of the contractan offense !unishable by fine or im!risonment or both. @n$er thes!ell of unrighteous Keal, the fe$eral ju$iciary of @tahannounce$ an$ !ractise$ that most infamous $octrine ofsegregation of offenses ith accumulating !enalties.

& ho rite ha#e listene$ to ju$ges instructing gran$ juries insuch terms as these3 that although the la of ongress $esignate$as an offense the acknole$ging of more li#ing i#es than one by

any man, an$ !rescribe$ a !enalty therefor, as ongress ha$ nots!ecifie$ the length of time $uring hich this unlafulacknole$ging must continue to constitute the offense, gran$juries might in$ict se!arately for e#ery $ay of the !erio$ $uringhich the forbi$$en relationshi! eiste$. This meant that for anallege$ mis$emeanorfor hich ongress !rescribe$ a maimum!enalty of si monthsL im!risonment an$ a fine of three hun$re$$ollarsa man might be im!risone$ for life, aye, for many termsof a manLs natural life $i$ the courtLs !oer to enforce itssentences eten$ so far, an$ might be fine$ millions of $ollars.Before this tra#esty on the a$ministration of la coul$ bebrought before the court of last resort, an$ there meet ith there#ersal an$ rebuke it $eser#e$, men ere im!risone$ un$er

sentences of many yearsL $uration.

The !eo!le conteste$ these measures one by one in the courtsH!resenting in case after case the $ifferent !hases of thesubject, an$ urging the unconstitutionality of the measure. Thenthe hurch as $isincor!orate$, an$ its !ro!erty both real an$!ersonal confiscate$ an$ escheate$ to the go#ernment of the@nite$ StatesH an$ although the !ersonal !ro!erty as soonrestore$, real estate of great #alue long lay in the han$s of thecourtLs recei#er, an$ the "Mormon" hurch ha$ to !ay the nationalgo#ernment high rental on its on !ro!erty. But the !eo!le ha#esus!en$e$ the !ractise of !lural marriageH an$ the testimony ofthe go#ernors, ju$ges, an$ $istrict attorneys of the territory,

an$ later that of the officers of the state, ha#e $eclare$ thesincerity of the renunciation.

4s the !eo!le ha$ a$o!te$ the !ractise un$er hat as belie#e$ tobe $i#ine a!!ro#al, they sus!en$e$ it hen they ere justifie$ inso $oing. &n hate#er light this !ractise has been regar$e$ inthe !ast, it is to$ay a $ea$ issue, forbi$$en by ecclesiasticalrule as it is !rohibite$ by legal statute. 4n$ the orl$ islearning, to its manifest sur!rise, that !lural marriage an$"Mormonism" are not synonymous terms.



4n$ so the story of "Mormonism" runs onH its finale has not yetbeen rittenH the current !ress !resents continuously ne stagesof its !rogress, ne $e#elo!ments of its !lan. To$ay the hurchof Jesus hrist of >atter$ay Saints is stronger than e#erbeforeH an$ the !eo!le are confi$ent that it is at its eakeststage for all time to come. &t li#es an$ thri#es because ithin

it are the elements of thrift an$ the forces of life. &tembraces a boun$less liberality of belief an$ !ractiseH truetoleration is one of its essential featuresH it makes lo#e formankin$ secon$ only to lo#e for %eity. &ts cree$ !ro#i$es forthe !rotection of all men in their rights of orshi! accor$ing tothe $ictates of conscience. &t contem!lates a millennium of!eace, hen e#ery man shall lo#e his neighbor an$ res!ect hisneighborLs o!inion as he regar$s himself an$ his ona $ay henthe #oice of the !eo!le shall be in unison ith the #oice of Go$.

TE P&>?S?P' ?* "M?-M?A&SM"

4PTE- &

&n this attem!t to treat the !hiloso!hy of "Mormonism" it isassume$ that no $iscussion of hristianity in general nor of the!hiloso!hy of hristianity is reIuire$. The "Mormon" cree$, sofar as there is a cree$ !rofesse$ by the >atter$ay Saints, is!reeminently hristian in theory, !rece!t, an$ !ractise. &nhat res!ect, then, may be !ro!erly aske$, $oes "Mormonism"$iffer from the faith an$ !ractise of other !rofesse$ly hristiansystemsin short, hat is "MormonismQ"

*irst, let it be remembere$ that the term "Mormon," ith its$eri#ati#es, is not the official $esignation of the hurch ithhich it is usually associate$. The name as originally a!!lie$in a s!irit of $erision, as a nickname in fact, by the o!!onentsof the hurchH an$ as $oubtless suggeste$ by the title of a!rominent !ublication gi#en to the orl$ through Jose!h Smith inan early !erio$ of the hurchLs history. This, of course, is theBook of Mormon. Ae#ertheless, the !eo!le ha#e acce!te$ the namethus thrust u!on them, an$ anser rea$ily to its call. The!ro!er title of the organiKation is "The hurch of Jesus hristof >atter$ay Saints." The !hiloso!hy of "Mormonism" is $eclare$in the name. The !eo!le claim this name as ha#ing been bestoe$

by re#elation an$ therefore that, like other names gi#en of Go$as atteste$ by scri!tural instances, it is at once name an$ titlecombine$.

The hurch $eclines to sail un$er any flag of manma$e $esignH itre!u$iates the name of mortals as a !art of its title, an$ thus$iffers from >utherans an$ )esleyans, al#inists, Mennonites, an$many others, all of hom, orthy though their organiKations maybe, ele#ating as may be their !rece!ts, goo$ as may be their!ractises, $eclare themsel#es the folloers of men. This is notthe church of Moses nor the !ro!hets, of Paul nor of e!has, of



4!ollos nor of JohnH neither of Jose!h Smith nor of Brigham'oung. &t asserts its !rou$ claim as the hurch of Jesus hrist.

&t refuses to ear a name in$icati#e of $istincti#e or !eculiar$octrinesH an$ in this !articular, it $iffers from churchesatholic an$ Protestant, Presbyterian, ongregationalist,@nitarian, Metho$ist an$ Ba!tistH its sole $istinguishingfeatures are those of the hurch of hrist.

&n an effort to !resent in concise form the car$inal $octrines ofthis organiKation, & cannot $o better than Iuote the socalle$4rticles of *aith of the hurch of Jesus hrist of >atter$aySaints, hich ha#e been in !ublishe$ form before the orl$ foro#er half a century.87=

8*ootnote 73 *or eten$e$ treatment of "Mormon" $octrine see "The4rticles of *aith3 a Series of >ectures on the Princi!al%octrines of the hurch of Jesus hrist of >atter$ay Saints," byJames E. Talmage. Publishe$ by the hurch3 Salt >ake ity, @tahH7: !!.=

/. )e belie#e in Go$, the Eternal *ather, an$ in is Son, Jesus hrist, an$ in the oly Ghost.

5. )e belie#e that men ill be !unishe$ for their on sins, an$ not for 4$amLs transgression.

<. )e belie#e that, through the atonement of hrist, all mankin$ may be sa#e$, by obe$ience to the las an$ or$inances of the gos!el.

7. )e belie#e that the first !rinci!les an$ or$inances of the gos!el are3 *irst, *aith in the >or$ Jesus hristH secon$, -e!entanceH thir$, Ba!tism by immersion

for the remission of sinsH fourth, >aying on of han$s for the gift of the oly Ghost.

:. )e belie#e that a man must be calle$ of Go$, by !ro!hecy, an$ by the laying on of han$s, by those ho are in authority, to !reach the gos!el an$ a$minister in the or$inances thereof.

;. )e belie#e in the same organiKation that eiste$ in the !rimiti#e church, namely, a!ostles, !ro!hets, !astors, teachers, e#angelists, etc.

1. )e belie#e in the gift of tongues, !ro!hecy,

re#elation, #isions, healing, inter!retation of tongues, etc.

. )e belie#e the Bible to be the or$ of Go$, as far as it is translate$ correctlyH e also belie#e the Book of Mormon to be the or$ of Go$.

0. )e belie#e all that Go$ has re#eale$, all that he $oes no re#eal, an$ e belie#e that he ill yet re#eal many great an$ im!ortant things !ertaining to the ing$om of Go$.



/6. )e belie#e in the literal gathering of &srael an$ in the restoration of the Ten TribesH that ion ill be built u!on this 8the 4merican= continentH that hrist ill reign !ersonally u!on the earth, an$ that the earth ill be renee$ an$ recei#e its !ara$isiacal glory.

//. )e claim the !ri#ilege of orshi!ing 4lmighty Go$

accor$ing to the $ictates of our on conscience, an$ allo all men the same !ri#ilege, let them orshi! ho, here, or hat they may.

/5. )e belie#e in being subject to kings, !resi$ents, rulers an$ magistrates, in obeying, honoring an$ sustaining the la.

/<. )e belie#e in being honest, true, chaste, bene#olent, #irtuous, an$ in $oing goo$ to all menH in$ee$ e may say that e follo the a$monition of Paul, )e belie#e all things, e ho!e all things, e ha#e en$ure$ many things, an$ ho!e to be able to en$ure all

things. &f there is anything #irtuous, lo#ely, or of goo$ re!ort or !raiseorthy, e seek after these things.J?SEP SM&T.

This brief summary of "Mormon" $octrine a!!ears o#er thesignature of Jose!h Smiththe man hom the >atter$ay Saintsacce!t as the instrument in $i#ine han$s of reestablishing thehurch of hrist on earth, in this the %is!ensation of the*ulness of Times. >et it not be su!!ose$, hoe#er, that these4rticles of *aith are, or !rofess to be, a com!lete co$e of the$octrines of the hurch, for, as $eclare$ in one of the"4rticles," belief in continuous re#elation from ea#en is acharacteristic feature of "Mormonism." 'et it is to be note$

that no $octrine has been !romulgate$, hich by e#en straine$inter!retation coul$ be construe$ as antagonistic to this early$eclaration of faith. Aor has any re#elation to the hurch yeta!!eare$ in o!!osition to earlier re#elation of this or ofbygone $is!ensations.

To most of the $eclarations in the 4rticles of *aith, many sects!rofessing hristianity coul$ confi$ently !le$ge allegianceH tomany of them, all hristian organiKations coul$ an$ !rofesse$ly$o subscribe. Belief in the eistence an$ !oers of the Su!remeTrinityH in Jesus hrist as the Sa#ior an$ -e$eemer of mankin$Hin manLs in$i#i$ual accountability for his $oingsH in theacce!tance of sacre$ rit as the )or$ of Go$H in the rights of

)orshi! accor$ing to the $ictates of conscienceH in all the moral#irtuesHthese !rofessions an$ beliefs are as a common cree$ inthe realm of hristen$om. There is no !eculiarly "Mormon"inter!retation, in the light of hich these !rinci!les of faithan$ !ractise are #iee$ by the >atter$ay Saints, ece!t in acertain sim!licity an$ literalness of acce!tancegrossliteralness, unrefine$ materialism, it has been calle$ by somecritical o!!onents.

The gos!el !lan as acce!te$ an$ taught by the >atter$ay Saintsis strikingly sim!leH $isa!!ointing in its sim!licity, in$ee$, to



the min$ that can fin$ satisfaction in mysteries alone, an$ tohim hose lo#e for meta!hor, symbolism, an$ imagery are strongerthan his $e#otion to truth itself, hich may or may not be thusembellishe$. The hurch asserts that the is$om of humanlearning, hile ranking among the choicest of earthly!ossessions, is not essential to an un$erstan$ing of the gos!elHan$ that the !reacher of the )or$ must be otherise en$oe$ thanby the learning of the schoolmen. "Mormonism" is for the

ayfaring man, not less than for the scholar, an$ it !ossesses asim!licity a$a!ting it to the one as to the other. 4 fe of thecharacteristically "Mormon" tenets may !erha!s be !rofitablyconsi$ere$.

"Mormonism" affirms its unIualifie$ belief in the Go$hea$ as theoly Trinity, com!rising *ather, Son, an$ oly GhostH each of thethree a se!arate an$ in$i#i$ual !ersonageH the *ather an$ the Soneach a !ersonage of s!irit an$ of immortaliKe$ bo$yH the olyGhost a !ersonage of s!irit.

The unity of the Go$hea$ is acce!te$ in the literal fulness ofscri!tural $eclarationthat the three are one in !ur!ose, !lan

an$ metho$, alike in all their Go$ly attributesH one in their$i#ine omniscience an$ omni!otenceH yet as se!arate an$ $istinctin their !ersonality as are any three inhabitants of earth."Mormonism" claims that scri!tures $eclaring the oneness of theTrinity a$mit of this inter!retationH that such in$ee$ is thenatural inter!retationH an$ that the conce!tion is in accor$ ithreason.

)e hol$ that mankin$ are literally the s!iritual chil$ren of Go$Hthat e#en as the hrist ha$ an eistence ith the *ather beforecoming to earth to take u!on himself a tabernacle of flesh, toli#e an$ to $ie as a man in accor$ance ith the foreor$aine$!lan of re$em!tion, so, too, e#ery chil$ of earth ha$ an

eistence in the s!iritstate before entering u!on this mortal!robation. )e hol$ the $octrine to be reasonable, scri!tural an$true, that mortal birth is no more the beginning of the soulLseistence than is $eath its en$.

The times!an of mortal life is but one stage in the soulLscareer, se!arating the eternity that has !rece$e$ from theeternity that is to follo. 4n$ this mortal eistence is one ofthe *atherLs great gifts to his s!iritual chil$ren, affor$ingthem the o!!ortunity of an untrammele$ eercise of their freeagency, the !ri#ilege of meeting tem!tation an$ of resisting itif they ill, the chance to in ealtation an$ eternal life.

)e claim that all men are eIual as to earthly rights an$ human!ri#ilegesH but that each has in$i#i$ual ca!acity an$ca!abilitiesH that in the !rime#al orl$ there ere s!irits noblean$ great, as there ere others of lesser !oer an$ inferior!ur!ose. There is no chance in the number or nature of s!iritsthat are born to earthH all ho are entitle$ to the !ri#ileges ofmortality an$ ha#e been assigne$ to this s!here shall come at thetime a!!ointe$, an$ shall return to inherit each the glory or the$egra$ation to hich he has shon himself a$a!te$. The gos!el asun$erstoo$ by the >atter$ay Saints affirms the uncon$itionalfreeagency of manhis right to acce!t goo$ or e#il, to choose



the means of eternal !rogression or the o!!osite, to orshi! ashe elects, or to refuse to orshi! at allan$ then to take theconseIuences of his choice.

"Mormonism" rejects hat it regar$s as a heresy, the false$octrine of !re$estination as an absolute com!ulsion or e#en asan irresistible ten$ency force$ u!on the in$i#i$ual toar$ rightor rongas a !rea!!ointment to e#entual ealtation or

con$emnationH yet it affirms that the infinite is$om an$foreknole$ge of Go$ makes !lain to him the en$ from thebeginningH an$ that he can rea$ in the natures an$ $is!ositionsof his chil$ren, their $estiny.

"Mormonism" claims an actual an$ literal relationshi! of !arentan$ chil$ beteen the reator an$ mannot in the figurati#esense in hich the engine may be calle$ the chil$ of its buil$erHnot the relationshi! of a thing mechanically ma$e to the makerthereofH but the kinshi! of father an$ offs!ring. &n short it isbol$ enough to $eclare that manLs s!irit being the offs!ring of%eity, an$ manLs bo$y though of earthy com!onents yet being inthe #ery image an$ likeness of Go$, man e#en in his !resent

$egra$e$aye, fallen con$itionstill !ossesses, if only in alatent state, inherite$ traits, ten$encies an$ !oers that tellof his more than royal $escentH an$ that these may be $e#elo!e$so as to make him, e#en hile mortal, in a measure Go$like.

But "Mormonism" is bol$er yet. &t asserts that in accor$anceith the in#iolable la of organic naturethat like shall begetlike, an$ that multi!lication of numbers an$ !er!etuation ofs!ecies shall be in com!liance ith the con$ition "each after hiskin$," the chil$ may achie#e the former status of the !arent, an$that in his mortal con$ition man is a Go$ in embryo. oe#er farin the future it may be, hat ages may ela!se, hat eternitiesmay !ass before any in$i#i$ual no a mortal being may attain the

rank an$ sanctity of go$shi!, man ne#ertheless carries in hissoul the !ossibilities of such achie#ementH e#en as the cralingcater!illar or the cor!selike chrysalis hol$s the latent!ossibility, nay, barring $estruction, the certainty in$ee$, ofthe inge$ imago in all the glory of maturity.

"Mormonism" claims that all nature, both on earth an$ in hea#en,o!erates on a !lan of a$#ancementH that the #ery Eternal *atheris a !rogressi#e BeingH that his !erfection, hile so com!lete asto be incom!rehensible by man, !ossesses this essential Iualityof true !erfectionthe ca!acity of eternal increase. Thattherefore, in the far future, beyon$ the horiKon of eternities!erchance, man may attain the status of a Go$. 'et this $oes not

mean that he shall be then the eIual of the %eity he no orshi!snor that he shall e#er o#ertake those intelligences that arealrea$y beyon$ him in a$#ancementH for to assert such oul$ be toargue that there is no !rogression beyon$ a certain stage ofattainment, an$ that a$#ancement is a characteristic of loorganiKation an$ inferior !ur!ose alone. )e belie#e that thereas more than the soun$ing of brass or the tinkling of or$ycymbals in the fer#ent a$monition of the hrist to hisfolloers"Be ye therefore !erfect, e#en as your *ather hich isin hea#en is !erfect." NMatt. :37.O



But it is beyon$ $is!ute that in his !resent state, man is farfrom the con$ition of e#en a relati#ely !erfect being. e isborn heir to the eaknesses as ell as to the ecellencies ofgenerations of ancestorsH he inherits !otent ten$encies for bothgoo$ an$ e#ilH an$ #erily, it seems that in the flesh he has tosuffer for the sins of his !rogenitors. But $i#ine blessings arenot to be reckone$ in terms of earthly !ossessions or bo$ilyecellencies aloneH the chil$ born un$er con$itions of a$#ersity

may after all be richly en$oe$ ith o!!ortunity, o!!ortunityhich, !erha!s, ha$ been less of ser#ice ami$ the surroun$ings ofluury. )e hol$ that the *ather has an in$i#i$ual interest inhis chil$renH an$ that surely in the ren$ering of $i#ineju$gment, the con$itions un$er hich each soul has li#e$ inmortality shall be consi$ere$.

"Mormonism" acce!ts the $octrine of the *all, an$ the account ofthe transgression in E$en, as set forth in GenesisH but itaffirms that none but 4$am is or shall be anserable for 4$amLs$isobe$ienceH that mankin$ in general are absolutely absol#e$from res!onsibility for that "original sin," an$ that each shallaccount for his on transgressions aloneH that the *all as

foreknon of Go$that it as turne$ to goo$ effect by hich thenecessary con$ition of mortality shoul$ be inaugurate$H an$ thata -e$eemer as !ro#i$e$, before the orl$ asH that generalsal#ation, in the sense of re$em!tion from the effects of the*all, comes to all ithout their seeking itH but that in$i#i$ualsal#ation or rescue from the effects of !ersonal sins is to beacIuire$ by each for himself by faith an$ goo$ orks through there$em!tion rought by Jesus hrist. The hurch hol$s thatchil$ren are born to earth in a sinless state, that they nee$ noin$i#i$ual re$em!tionH that shoul$ they $ie before reaching yearsof accountability, they return ithout taint of earthly sinH butas they attain youth or maturity in the flesh, theirres!onsibility increases ith their $e#elo!ment.

4ccor$ing to the teachings of "Mormonism," hristLs instructionsto the !eo!le to !ray "Thy ing$om come, thy ill be $one, onearth as it is in hea#en" as not a !etition for the im!ossible,but a foresha$oing of hat shall e#entually be. )e belie#ethat the $ay shall yet come hen the ing$om of Go$ on earthshall be one ith the ing$om in hea#enH an$ one ing shall rulein both. The hurch is regar$e$ as the beginning of this ing$omon earthH though until the coming of the ing, there is noauthority in the hurch eercising or claiming tem!oral rule or$ominion among the go#ernments of earth. 'et the hurch is nonethe less the beginning of the ing$om, the germ from hich theing$om shall $e#elo!.

4n$ the hurch must be in $irect communication ith the hea#enlying$om of hich the earthly ing$om hen establishe$ shall be a!art. ?f such a nature as the hurch in so far as it eiste$before the time of hristLs earthly ministryH for the biblicalrecor$ is re!lete ith instances of $irect communication beteenthe !ro!hets an$ their Go$. The scri!tures are silent as to asingle $is!ensation in hich the s!iritual lea$ers of the !eo!le$e!en$e$ u!on the recor$s of earlier times an$ bygone ages fortheir gui$anceH but on the contrary, the e#i$ence is com!letethat in e#ery stage of the hurchLs history the Go$ of hea#en



communicate$ his min$ an$ ill unto his earthly re!resentati#es.&srael of ol$ ere le$ an$ go#erne$ in all matters s!iritual an$to a great etent in their tem!oral affairs by the $irect or$ ofre#elation. Aoah $i$ not $e!en$ u!on the recor$ of Go$Ls$ealings ith 4$am or Enoch, but as $irecte$ by the #ery or$an$ #oice of the Go$ hom he re!resente$. Moses as no meretheologian traine$ for his authority or acts on hat Go$ ha$ sai$to 4braham, to &saac, or to JacobH he acte$ in accor$ance ith

instructions gi#en unto him from time to time, as thecircumstances of his ministry reIuire$. 4n$ so on through allthe line of !ro!hets, major an$ minor, $on to the !riest of thecourse of 4bia unto hom the angel announce$ the birth of Johnho as to be the $irect forerunner of the Messiah.

)hen the hrist came in the flesh he $eclare$ that he acte$ notof himself but accor$ing to instructions gi#en him of the *ather.Thus the Messiah as a re#elator, recei#ing hile in the fleshcommunication $irect an$ freIuent from the hea#ens. By suchre#elation he as gui$e$ in his earthly ministryH by such heinstructe$ his $isci!lesH unto such he taught his a!ostles tolook for safe gui$ance hen he oul$ ha#e left them.

%uring his earthly ministry hrist calle$ an$ or$aine$ men tooffices in the hurch. )e ha#e a recor$ of a!ostles!articularly, numbering tel#e, an$ besi$e these, se#enty othersho ere commissione$ to !reach, teach, ba!tiKe an$ !erform otheror$inances of the hurch. 4fter our >or$Ls $e!arture, e rea$ ofthe a!ostles continuing their labors in the light of continue$re#elation. By this sure gui$e they selecte$ an$ set a!art thoseho ere to officiate in the hurch. By re#elation, Peter as$irecte$ to carry the gos!el to the GentilesH hich e!ansion ofthe ork as inaugurate$ by the con#ersion of the $e#outornelius an$ his househol$. By re#elation, Saul of Tarsusbecame Paul the 4!ostle, a #aliant $efen$er of the faith. oly

men of ol$ s!ake an$ rote as they ere mo#e$ u!on by the olyGhost an$ $e!en$e$ not u!on the !rece$ents of ancient history norentirely u!on the la then alrea$y ritten. They o!erate$ un$erthe con#iction that the li#ing hurch must be in communicationith its li#ing ea$H an$ that the ork of Go$, hile it as tobe rought out through the instrumentality of man, as to be$irecte$ by him hose ork it as, an$ is.

"Mormonism" claims the same necessity to eist to$ay. &t hol$sthat it is no more nearly !ossible no than it as in the $ays ofthe ancient !ro!hets or in the a!ostolic age for the hurch ofhrist to eist ithout $irect an$ continuous re#elation fromGo$. This necessitates the eistence an$ authoriKe$

ministrations of !ro!hets, a!ostles, high !riests, se#enties,el$ers, bisho!s, !riests, teachers an$ $eacons, no asancientlynot men selecte$ by men ithout authority, clothe$ byhuman ceremonial alone, nor men ith the em!ty names of office,but men ho bear the title because they !ossess the authority,ha#ing been calle$ of Go$.

&s it unreasonable, is it un!hiloso!hical, thus to look fora$$itional light an$ knole$geQ Shall religion be the one$e!artment of human thought an$ effort in hich !rogression isim!ossibleQ )hat oul$ e say of the chemist, the astronomer,



the !hysicist, or the geologist, ho oul$ !roclaim that nofurther $isco#ery or re#elation of scientific truth is !ossible,or ho oul$ $eclare that the only occu!ation o!en to stu$ents ofscience is to con the books of bygone times an$ to a!!ly the!rinci!les long ago ma$e knon, since none others shall e#er be$isco#ere$Q

The chief moti#e im!elling to research an$ in#estigation is the

con#iction that to knole$ge an$ is$om there is no en$."Mormonism" affirms that all is$om is of Go$, that the halo ofhis glory is intelligence, an$ that man has not yet learne$ allthere is to learn of him an$ his ays. )e hol$ that the $octrineof continuous re#elation from Go$ is not less !hiloso!hical an$scientific than scri!tural.

4PTE- &&

The >atter$ay Saints affirm that the authority to act in thename of Go$the oly Priesthoo$has been restore$ to earth in

this $is!ensation an$ age, in accor$ance ith the ins!ire$!re$ictions of earlier times. But, it may be aske$, hatnecessity as there for a restoration if the Priesthoo$ ha$ beenonce establishe$ u!on earthQ Aone in$ee$, ha$ it ne#er beentaken aay. 4 general a!ostasy from the !rimiti#e hurch isconce$e$ in effect by some authorities in ecclesiastical historyHthough fe a$mit the entire $iscontinuance of !riestly !oer, orthe full sus!ension of authority to o!erate in the or$inances ofthe hurch. This great a!ostasy as foretol$. Paul arne$ theSaints of Thessalonica against those ho claime$ that the secon$coming of hrist as then near at han$3 "*or," sai$ he, "that $ayshall not come ece!t there come a falling aay first." N&&Thess. 53<.O "Mormonism" conten$s that there has been a general

falling aay from the hurch of hrist, $ating from the timeimme$iately folloing the a!ostolic !erio$. )e belie#e that the!ro!er inter!retation of history ill confirm this #ieH an$,moreo#er, that the ins!ire$ scri!tures foretol$ just such acon$ition.8:=

8*ootnote :3 See "The Great 4!ostasy3 onsi$ere$ in the >ight ofScri!tural an$ Secular istory," by James E. Talmage. Publishe$by the %eseret Aes, Salt >ake ity, @tahH /1; !!.=

&f the Priesthoo$ ha$ been once taken from the earth no human!oer coul$ reestablish itH the restoration of this authorityfrom hea#en oul$ be necessary. The hurch claims that in the

!resent age this restoration has been effecte$ by the !ersonalministrations of those ho eercise$ the authority in earlier$is!ensations. Thus, in /50, Jose!h Smith an$ ?li#er o$eryrecei#e$ the >esser or 4aronic Priesthoo$ un$er the han$s of Johnthe Ba!tist, ho #isite$ them as a resurrecte$ beingthe sameBa!tist ho by s!ecial an$ $i#ine commission hel$ the authorityof that Priesthoo$ in the $is!ensation of the "Meri$ian of Time.">ater, the igher or MelchiKe$ek Priesthoo$ as conferre$ u!onthem through the !ersonal ministrations of Peter, James, an$Johnthe same three ho constitute$ the !resi$ency of thea!ostolic bo$y in the !rimiti#e hurch, after the $e!arture of



the >or$ Jesus hrist by hom it as foun$e$.

That the claim is a bol$ one is conce$e$ ithout argument. Thehurch of Jesus hrist of >atter$ay Saints !rofesses to ha#e thePriesthoo$ of ol$ restore$ in its fulnessH an$, moreo#er, hileacknole$ging the right of e#ery in$i#i$ual as of e#ery sect orother organiKation of in$i#i$uals to belie#e an$ !ractiseaccor$ing to choice in matters religious, it affirms that it is

the only hurch on the face of the earth !ossessing thisauthority an$ Priesthoo$H an$ that therefore it is The hurchan$ the only hurch of hrist u!on the earth to$ay. &t hol$s asabsolutely in$is!ensable to !ro!er hurch organiKation, the!resence of the li#ing oracles of Go$ ho shall be $irecte$ fromthe hea#ens in their earthly ministryH an$ these, "Mormonism"asserts, are to be foun$ ith the hurch of Jesus hrist.

"Mormonism" em!hasiKes the $octrine that that hich is aesarLsbe gi#en unto aesar, hile that hich is Go$Ls be ren$ere$ untohim. Therefore, it teaches that all things !ertaining untoearth, an$ unto manLs earthly affairs, may ith !ro!riety beregulate$ by earthly authority, but that in the !erformance of

any or$inance, rite, or ceremony, claime$ to be of effect beyon$,the gra#e, a !oer greater than that of man is reIuisite or the!erformance is #oi$. Therefore, membershi! in the hurch, hich,if of any #alue an$ significance at all, is of more than tem!oralmeaning, must be go#erne$ by las hich are !rescribe$ by the!oers of hea#en. "Mormonism" recogniKes Jesus hrist as thehea$ of the hurch, as the literal Sa#ior an$ -e$eemer ofmankin$, as the ing of kings an$ >or$ of lor$s, as the ?ne hoseright it is to reign on earth, ho shall yet sub$ue all orl$lyking$oms un$er his feet, ho shall !resent the earth in its finalstate of re$em!tion to the *ather. &t is his right to !rescribethe con$itions un$er hich mankin$ may be ma$e !artakers of hisbounty an$ of the !ri#ileges of the #ictory on by him o#er $eath

an$ the gra#e.

The hurch claims that faith in Go$ is essential to intelligentser#ice of himH an$ that faith, trust, confi$ence in Go$ as the*ather of mankin$, as the Su!reme Being to hom all shall ren$eraccount of their $ee$s an$ mis$ee$s, must lea$ to a $esire toser#e him an$ thus !ro$uce re!entance. *aith in Go$ an$ genuinere!entance of sin, of necessity, therefore constitute thefun$amental !rinci!les of the gos!el. &t is reasonable to e!ectthat after man has $e#elo!e$ faith in Go$, an$ has re!ente$ ofhis sins, he ill be eager to fin$ a means of $emonstrating hissincerityH an$ this means is foun$ in the reIuirement concerningba!tism as essential to entrance into the hurch, an$ as a means

hereby remission of sins may be obtaine$. 4s to the mo$e ofba!tism, the hurch affirms that immersion alone is the onemetho$ sanctione$ by scri!ture, an$ that this mo$e has beene!ressly !rescribe$ by re#elation in the !resent $is!ensation.

)ater ba!tism, then, becomes a basic !rinci!le an$ the firstessential or$inance of the gos!el. &t is to be a$ministere$ byone ha#ing authorityH an$ that authority rests in the Priesthoo$gi#en of Go$. *olloing ba!tism by ater, comes the or$inance ofthe bestoal of the oly Ghost by the authoriKe$ im!osition ofhan$s, hich constitutes the true ba!tism of the S!irit. These



reIuirements, $esignate$ s!ecifically the "first !rinci!les an$or$inances of the gos!el," "Mormonism" claims to be absolutelyessential to membershi! in the hurch of hrist, an$ this ithoutmo$ification or Iualification as to the time at hich thein$i#i$ual li#e$ in mortality.

Then ith !ro!riety it may be aske$3)hat shall become of thoseho li#e$ an$ $ie$ hile the Priesthoo$ as not o!erati#e u!on

the earthQthose ho ha#e orke$ out their mortal !robation$uring the ages of the great a!ostasyQ *urthermore, hat shallbe the $estiny of those ho, though li#ing in a time of s!irituallight, !erha!s ha$ not the o!!ortunity of learning an$ obeyingthe gos!el reIuirementsQ ere again the inherent justice of"Mormon" !hiloso!hy shos itself in the $octrine of sal#ation forthe $ea$. Ao $istinction is ma$e beteen the li#ing an$ the $ea$in the solemn $eclaration of the Sa#ior to Aico$emus, hicha!!ears to ha#e been gi#en the i$est !ossible a!!lication,thatece!t a man be born of ater an$ of the s!irit he cannot enterinto the ing$om of Go$. NJohn <3/:.O

"Mormonism" !roclaims something more than a hea#en an$ a hell, to

one or the other of hich all s!irits of men shall be assigne$,!erha!s on the basis of a #ery narro margin of merit or $emerit.4s it affirms the eistence of an infinite range of gra$e$intelligences, so it claims the i$est an$ fullest gra$ation ofcon$itions of future eistence. &t hol$s that the honest,though, !erchance, mistaken soul ho li#e$ or trie$ to li#eaccor$ing to the light he ha$ recei#e$, shall be counte$ amongthe honorable of the earth, an$ shall fin$ o!!ortunity, if nothere then in the hereafter, for com!liance ith the reIuirementsessential for sal#ation. &t teaches that re!entance ith all itsatten$ant blessings shall be !ossible beyon$ the gra#eH but thatinasmuch as the change e call $eath $oes not transform thecharacter of the soul, re!entance there ill be $ifficult for him

ho has ruthlessly an$ illfully rejecte$ the manifol$o!!ortunities affor$e$ him for re!entance here. &t asserts thate#en the heathen $e#otee ho may ha#e boe$ $on to stocks an$stones, if in so $oing he as obeying the highest la of orshi!hich to his benighte$ soul ha$ come, shall ha#e !art in thefirst resurrection, an$ shall be affor$e$ the o!!ortunity, hichon earth he ha$ not foun$, of $oing that hich is reIuire$ ofGo$Ls chil$ren for sal#ation. 4n$ for all the $ea$ ho ha#e beenithout the !ri#ileges, !erha!s in$ee$ ithout the knole$ge, ofcom!liance ith hristLs la, there shall be gi#en o!!ortunity inthe hereafter.

Ae#ertheless, this life of ours is no trifle, no insignificant

inci$ent in the soulLs eternal course, ha#ing but small an$tem!oral im!ortance, the omissions of hich can be rectifie$ ithease by the in$i#i$ual beyon$ the #eil. &f com!liance ith the$i#ine la as eem!lifie$ by the reIuirements of faith,re!entance, ba!tism, an$ the bestoal of the right to theministrations of the oly Ghost, are essential to the sal#ationof those fe ho just no are counte$ among the li#ing, such isnot less necessary for those ho once ere li#ing but no are$ea$. )ho are the li#ing of to$ay but those ho shortly shall bea$$e$ to the uncounte$ $ea$Q )ho are the $ea$ but those ho atsome time ha#e li#e$ in mortalityQ



hrist has been or$aine$ to be ju$ge of both Iuick an$ $ea$H heis >or$ of li#ing an$ $ea$ as man uses these terms, for all li#eunto him. o then shall the $ea$ recei#e the blessings an$or$inances $enie$ to them or by them neglecte$ hile in thefleshQ "Mormonism" ansers3 By the #icarious ork of the li#ingin their behalf2 &t as this great an$ !ri#ilege$ labor to hichthe !ro!het Malachi referre$ in his solemn $eclaration, that

before the great an$ $rea$ful $ay of the >or$, Elijah shoul$ besent ith the commission to turn the hearts of the fathers to thechil$ren an$ the hearts of the chil$ren to the fathers. ElijahLs#isitation to earth has been realiKe$. ?n the <r$ of 4!ril, inthe year /<;, there a!!eare$ unto Jose!h Smith an$ ?li#ero$ery, in the tem!le erecte$ by the. >atter$ay Saints atirtlan$, ?hio, Elijah the !ro!het, ho announce$ that the times!oken of by Malachi ha$ fully comeH then an$ there he bestoe$the authority, for this $is!ensation, to inaugurate an$ carry onthis labor in behalf of the $e!arte$.

4s to the fi$elity ith hich the >atter$ay Saints ha#e soughtto $ischarge the $uties thus $i#inely reIuire$ at their han$s,

let the tem!les erecte$ in !o#erty as in relati#e !ros!eritybythe bloo$ an$ tears of the !eo!letestify. To of these greate$ifices ere constructe$ by the >atter$ay Saints in the $ays oftheir tribulation, in times of their $irest !ersecution,one atirtlan$, ?hio, the other at Aau#oo, &llinois. The first isstill stan$ing, though no longer !ossesse$ by the !eo!le hobuilt itH an$ no longer em!loye$ for the furtherance of the!ur!oses of its erectionH the secon$ fell a !rey to flamesenkin$le$ by mobocratic hate. *our others ha#e been constructe$in the #ales of @tah, an$ are to$ay in ser#ice, $e$icate$ to theblessing of the li#ing, an$ !articularly to the #icarious laborof the li#ing in behalf of the $ea$. &n them the or$inances ofba!tism, an$ the laying on of han$s for the bestoal of the oly

Ghost, are !erforme$ u!on the li#ing re!resentati#es of the$ea$.8;=

8*ootnote ;3 *or a $etaile$ treatment of Tem!les an$ Tem!le laboramong the >atter$ay Saints, inclu$ing a stu$y of the $octrine of#icarious labor for the $ea$, see "The ouse of the >or$, a Stu$yof oly Sanctuaries 4ncient an$ Mo$ern," inclu$ing fortysi!lates illustrati#e of mo$ern Tem!lesH by James E. Talmage.Publishe$ by the hurch3 Salt >ake ity, @tahH <<; !!.=

But this labor for the $ea$ is tofol$H it com!rises the !ro!er!erformance of the reIuire$ or$inances on earth, an$ the!reaching of the gos!el to the $e!arte$. Shall e su!!ose that

all of Go$Ls goo$ gifts to his chil$ren are restricte$ to thenarro limits of mortal eistenceQ )e are tol$ of theinauguration of this great missionary labor in the s!irit orl$,as effecte$ by the hrist himself. 4fter his resurrection, an$imme$iately folloing the !erio$ $uring hich his bo$y ha$ lainin the tomb guar$e$ by the sol$iery, he $eclare$ to the sorroingMag$alene that he ha$ not at that time ascen$e$ to his *atherHan$, in the light of his $ying !romise to the !enitent malefactorho suffere$ on a cross by his si$e, e learn that he ha$ been in!ara$ise. Peter also tells us of his laborsthat he as!reaching to the s!irits in !rison, to those ho ha$ been



$isobe$ient in the $ays of Aoah hen the longsuffering of Go$aite$ hile the ark as !re!aring. &f it as $eeme$ necessaryor just that the gos!el be carrie$ to s!irits that ere$isobe$ient or neglectful in the $ays of Aoah, are e justifie$in conclu$ing that others ho ha#e rejecte$ or neglecte$ the or$of Go$ shall be left in a state of !er!etual con$emnationQ

"Mormonism" claims that not only shall the gos!el be carrie$ to

the li#ing, an$ be !reache$ to e#ery creature, but that the greatmissionary labor, the bur$en of hich has been !lace$ on thehurch, must of necessity be eten$e$ to the realm of the $ea$.&t $eclares uneIui#ocally that ithout com!liance ith thereIuirements establishe$ by Jesus hrist, no soul can be sa#e$from the fate of the con$emne$H but that o!!ortunity shall begi#en to e#ery one in the season of his fitness to recei#e it, behe heathen or ci#iliKe$, li#ing or $ea$.

The hole $uty of man is to li#e an$ ork accor$ing to thehighest las of right ma$e knon to him, to alk accor$ing to thebest light that has been she$ about his !athH an$ hile Justiceshall $eny to e#ery soul that has not ren$ere$ obe$ience to the

la, entrance into the king$om of the blesse$, Mercy shall claimo!!ortunity for all ho, ha#e shon themsel#es illing to recei#ethe truth an$ obey its behests.

&t ill be seen, then, that "Mormonism" offers no mo$ifie$ orcon$itional claims as to the necessity of com!liance ith thelas an$ or$inances of the gos!el by e#ery res!onsible inhabitantof earth unto hom sal#ation shall come. &t $istinguishes notbeteen enlightene$ an$ heathen nations, nor beteen men of highan$ lo intelligenceH nor e#en beteen the li#ing an$ the $ea$.Ao human being ho has attaine$ years of accountability in theflesh, may ho!e for sal#ation in the king$om of Go$ until he hasren$ere$ obe$ience to the reIuirements of hrist, the -e$eemer of

the orl$.

But hile thus $ecisi#e, "Mormonism" is not eclusi#e. &t $oesnot claim that all ho ha#e faile$ to acce!t an$ obey the gos!elof eternal life shall be eternally an$ fore#er $amne$. )hilebol$ly asserting that the hurch of Jesus hrist of >atter$aySaints is the sole re!ository of the oly Priesthoo$ as norestore$ to earth, it teaches an$ $eman$s the fullest tolerationfor all in$i#i$uals, an$ organiKations of in$i#i$uals, !rofessingrighteousnessH an$ hol$s that each shall be rear$e$ for themeasure of goo$ he has rought, to be a$ju$ge$ in accor$ance iththe s!iritual knole$ge he has gaine$. *or such high claimscombine$ ith such !rofessions of tolerance, the hurch has been

accuse$ of inconsistency. >et it not be forgotten, hoe#er, thattoleration is not acce!tance. & may belie#e ith the utmostfulness of my soulLs !oers that & am right an$ my neighbor isrong concerning any !ro!osition or !rinci!leH but suchcon#iction gi#es me no semblance of right for interfering ithhis eercise of free$om. The only boun$s to the liberty of anin$i#i$ual are such as mark the liberty of another, or the rightsof the community. Go$ himself treats as sacre$, an$ therefore asin#iolable, the free$om of the human soul.

"no this, that e#ery soul is free



To choose his life an$ hat heLll beH *or this eternal truth is gi#en, That Go$ ill force no man to hea#en.

"eLll call, !ersua$e, $irect aright, Bless him ith is$om, lo#e, an$ lightH &n nameless ays be goo$ an$ kin$, But ne#er force the human min$."

"Mormonism" conten$s that no man or nation !ossesses the right toforcibly $e!ri#e e#en the heathen of his right to orshi! his$eity. Though i$olatry has been marke$ from the earliest agesith the seal of $i#ine $isfa#or, it may re!resent in theunenlightene$ soul the sincerest re#erence of hich the !erson isca!able. e shoul$ be taught better, but not com!elle$ to ren$erorshi! hich to him is false because in #iolation of hisconscience.

&n further $efense of the >atter$ay Saints against the charge ofinconsistency for this their tolerance toar$ others hom they#erily belie#e to be rong, let me again urge the car$inal

!rinci!le that e#ery man is accountable for his acts, an$ shallbe ju$ge$ in the light of the la as ma$e knon to him.

There is no claim of uni#ersal forgi#enessH no unarrante$glorification of Mercy to the $egra$ing or neglect of JusticeH nothought that a single sin of omission or of commission shall failto lea#e its oun$ or scar. &n the great future there shall befoun$ a !lace for e#ery soul, hate#er his gra$e of s!iritualintelligence may be. "&n my *atherLs house are many mansions,"NJohn /735O, $eclare$ the Sa#ior to his a!ostlesH an$ Paul a$$s,"There are also celestial bo$ies, an$ bo$ies terrestrialH but theglory of the celestial is one, an$ the glory of the terrestrialis another. There is one glory of the sun an$ another glory of

the moon an$ another glory of the starsH for one star $ifferethfrom another star in glory. So also is the resurrection of the$ea$," N& or. /:37675O. The >atter$ay Saints claim are#elation of the !resent $is!ensation as su!!lementing thescri!ture just Iuote$. *rom this later scri!ture Nsee %, Sec.1;O, e learn that there are three ell$efine$ $egrees in thefuture state, ith numerous, !erha!s numberless, gra$ations.

There is the celestial state !ro#i$e$ for those ho ha#e li#e$the hole la, ho ha#e acce!te$ the testimony of the hrist, hoha#e com!lie$ ith the reIuire$ or$inances of the gos!el, hoha#e been #aliant in the cause of #irtue an$ truth. Then thereis the terrestrial state, com!arable to the first as is the

moon to the sun. This shall be gi#en to the less #aliant, tomany ho are ne#ertheless among the orthy men of the earth, butho !erchance ha#e been $ecei#e$ as to the gos!el an$ itsreIuirements. The telestial state is for those ho ha#e faile$to li#e accor$ing to the light gi#en themH those ho ha#e ha$ tosuffer the results of their sinsH those ho ha#e been of Moses,of Paul, of 4!ollos, an$ of any one of a multitu$e of others, butnot of the hrist.

)e hol$ that there is a i$e $ifference beteen sal#ation an$ealtationH that there are infinite gra$ations beyon$ the gra#e



as there are here, an$ as there ere in the state !rece$ing this.

"Mormonism" is freIuently s!oken of as a ne religion, an$ thehurch as a ne church, a mere a$$ition of one to the many sectsthat ha#e so long stri#en for recognition an$ ascen$ency amongmen. &t is ne only as the s!ringtime folloing the $arkness an$the col$ of the yearLs night is ne. The hurch is a ne oneonly as the ri!ening fruit is a ne $e#elo!ment in the course of

the treeLs groth. &n a general an$ true sense, "Mormonism" isnot ne to the orl$. &t is foun$e$ on the gos!el of hristhich ante$ates this earth. The establishment of the hurch inthe !resent age as but a restoration. True, the hurch is!rogressi#e as it e#er has beenH it is therefore !ro$ucti#e ofmore an$ greater things as the years link themsel#es into thecenturiesH but the li#ing see$ contains ithin its husk all the!ossibilities of the mature !lant.

This socalle$ ne, mo$ern gos!el is in fact the ol$ one, thefirst one, come again. &t $eman$s the organiKation an$ theauthority characteristic of the hurch in former $ays, hen thereas a hurch of Go$ u!on the earthH it e!ects no more

consi$eration, an$ scarcely ho!es for greater !o!ularity, thanere accor$e$ the !rimiti#e hurch. ?!!osition, !ersecution, an$martyr$om ha#e been its !ortion, but these tribulations itacce!ts, knoing ell that to bear such has been the lot of thetrue hurch in e#ery age.

"Mormonism" is more than a co$e of moralsH it claims a higherrank than that of an organiKation of men !lanne$ an$ institute$by the is$om an$ !hiloso!hy of men, hoe#er orthy. &t $ras a$istinction beteen morality an$ religionH an$ affirms that human$uty is not com!rise$ in a mere a#oi$ance of sin. &t regar$s thestrictest morality as an in$is!ensable feature of e#ery religioussystem claiming in any $egree $i#ine recognitionH an$ yet it

looks u!on morality as but the al!habet from hich the or$s an$sentences of a truly religious life may be frame$. oe#ereu!honious the or$s, hoe#er eloIuent the !erio$s, to make theriting of highest orth there must be !resent the $i#inethoughtH an$ this, man of himself cannot concei#e.

&t affirms that there as a yester$ay as there is a to$ay, an$shall be a tomorro, in the $ealings of Go$ ith menH that

Through the ages one increasing !ur!ose runsH

an$ that !ur!ose,the orking out of a $i#ine !lan, the ultimateobject of hich is the sal#ation an$ ealtation of the human

family.

The central feature of that !lan as the earthly ministry an$re$eeming sacrifice of the hrist in the meri$ian of timeH theconsummation shall be ushere$ in by the return of that samehrist to earth as the -ear$er of righteousness, the 4#enger ofiniIuity, an$ as the orl$Ls Ju$ge.

The hurch hol$s that in the light of re#elation, ancient an$mo$ern, an$ by a fair inter!retation of the signs of the times,the secon$ coming of the -e$eemer is near at han$. The !resent



is the final $is!ensation of the earth in its !resent stateHthese are the last $ays of hich the !ro!hets in all ages ha#esung.

But of hat use are theories an$ !hiloso!hies of religion ithout!ractical a!!licationQ ?f hat a#ail is belief as a mere mentalassent or $enialQ >et it $e#elo! into #irile faithH #italiKe itHanimate itH then it becomes a mo#ing !oer. The >atter$ay

Saints !oint ith some confi$ence to hat they ha#e attem!te$ an$begun, an$ to the little they ha#e alrea$y $one in the line oftheir con#ictions, as !roof of their sincerity.

*or the secon$ coming of the -e$eemer, !re!aration is $eman$e$ ofmenH an$ to$ay, instea$ of the single !riest crying in theil$erness of Ju$aea, there are thousan$s going forth among thenations ith a message as $efinite an$ as im!ortant as that ofthe Ba!tistH an$ their !roclamation is a reiteration of the #oicein the $esert"-e!ent -e!ent2 for the ing$om of ea#en is athan$."

The !hiloso!hy of "Mormonism" rests on the literal acce!tance ofa li#ing, !ersonal Go$, an$ on the unreser#e$ com!liance ith hisla as from time to time re#eale$.

((( EA% ?* TE P-?JET G@TEABE-G EB??, TE ST?-' ?* "M?-M?A&SM" (((

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a história do mormonismo - por james edward talmage

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