I

A HANDBOOK

FOR ENGLISH LECTURERS

May 2014

II

III

Chief Advisor

Ms. Anita Satia

Director, SCERT

Guidance

Dr. Pratibha Sharma,

Joint Director, SCERT

Editor

Dr. Meena Sehrawat, Ms. Ritika Dabas,

Senior Lecturer, DIET Senior Lecturer, SCERT

Ghumanhera

Contributors

Dr. Kirti Kapoor, Associate Professor, NCERT

Ms. Rajyasri Narayan, Vice Principal, DoE

Ms. Neelam Kulshrestha, Lecturer, DoE

Ms. Anita Mishra, Lecturer, DoE

Ms. Dolly Dhawan, Lecturer, Salwan Public School

Ms. Suman Dagar, Lecturer, D.P.S Dwarka

Dr. Meena Sehrawat, Senior Lecturer, DIET

Ghumanhera

Ms. Ritika Dabas, Senior Lecturer, SCERT

Publication Incharge

Ms. Sapna Yadav

Publication Team

Mr. Navin Kumar, Ms. Radha & Mr. Jai Bhagwan

Published by : Mukesh Yadav, Publication oficer, State Council of Educational Research & Training, New Delhi on behalf of SCERT and printed at Educational Stores, S-5, Bsr. Road Ind. Area, Ghaziabad (U.P.)

IV

Message

The National Curriculum Framework (NCF) 2005 places different demands and

expectations on the teacher. So, a teacher needs to be prepared to cater to the needs

and demands arising out of the school context. As needs and requirements of the society

keep on changing with time, it becomes imperative to devise right type of education for a

given time to keep in pace with the changes taking around. It also necessitates building

positive outlook of society in order to enable it to face the new challenges and emerge as

a champion whatever the circumstance be, howsoever difficult situations may be. This

can effectively be achieved by revising and updating syllabus regularly and periodically.

‘Change is life’ and this must be reflected through our syllabus; it means syllabus at no

stage can afford to remain static; it has got to be dynamic in order to cater to the current

needs and aspirations of the society. To keep pace with the changing scenario, CBSE have

brought in required changes in class XII syllabus; there has been a remarkable change in

the assessment pattern as well so that study and assessment should go hand in hand.

There is a need to orient our lecturers about these changes and the latest developments.

Keeping this in mind, SCERT is organizing seminars for the lecturers in the summer

vacations to keep them abreast with the changes and updating that have taken place in

recent years. Teacher’s manual has also been developed and it is hoped that it would give

an insight to the lecturers about different activities and making the learning user friendly

and interesting.

I acknowledge a deep sense of gratitude to the C.B.S.E., the team of experts and

contributors who have provided their valuable suggestions and contribution in developing

this manual. I extend my thanks to the Editors and Coordinators for contributing immensely

and not only in completing the endeavour in time but also in making the manual relevant.

I sincerely hope that this manual will enable our lecturers to make their teaching

learning effective, interactive, interesting and activity based to improve the performance

of the learners. I hope you will find it appealing and absorbing. We all know that there

is always scope for improvement in whatever we do. Your suggestions and comments

regarding this Manual, therefore, are welcome.

Ms. Anita Satia

Director, SCERT

V

1

SECTION – A

READING COMPREHENSION

30 MARKS

READING COMPREHENSION – I

Factual and Discursive Passages

PASSAGE 1

1 Read the following passage and answer the questions given below. 12 marks

1. The advances in biological science and electronics have greatly changed the understanding of the human body and treatment of diseases. These advances have given great powers to medicine in prolonging human life using an array of gadgets – artiicial respirator, pacemaker, synthetic valves, artiicial bones and electronic implants – in addition to a vast array of new drugs. The hopeless medical case of yesterday is easily cured today. This has become a reality primarily because of the formulation of

wonder drugs such as antibiotics, sulpha drugs, antiseptics, growth stimulants and rejuvenators. Thus, the pharmaceutical industries have become giants in every country, big or small.

2. “The desire to take medicine is perhaps the greatest feature which distinguishes man from animals,” said William Oster. This desire has catalysed an awesome and uncontrolled development of drug industries all over the world. Taking drugs has become a veritable cult in this century. Even a healthy person swallows a few tablets a day in the hope of maintaining his health. The most extensively used medicines are painkillers, vitamins and antibiotics. Among these, aspirin is the number one drug in terms of quantities consumed. This has been in use for a century now. Over 30 million pounds of

aspirin, or 150 tablets a person, are consumed in the U.S. alone each year. The worldwide production

of this drug is a staggering 1, 00,000 tons a year.

3. We have now to ask whether this habit of taking drugs is being exploited by the drug industries. Are the doctors, at least some of them, in league with the drug industries in promoting unfair sale of drugs? A commonly-voiced criticism against the doctors pertains to over-prescription, directing the patients to take more drugs than what is necessary. This causes physician-produced diseases (called iatrogenic diseases). Some doctors are responsible for drug addiction among their patients.

4. There is a growing concern among the medical practitioners themselves that antibiotics are prescribed irrationally and recklessly. These medicines, though potent in curing diseases, are not totally free from side effects. A survey conducted in Kolkata recently had indicated that over-prescription of antibiotics

had led to serious kidney and liver problems in patients. Some persons are allergic to antibiotics and cases of deaths are known by callous administration of these drugs to such persons. Mexaform and Enterovioform are anti-diarrheal drugs. Until recently these could be bought off the shelf of the drug

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stored without prescription. Today, consumption of these drugs has been proved to cause blindness and therefore these have been withdrawn from use.

5. A Swedish pediatric neurologist, Dr. Ollen Hansson, pioneered in ighting internationally against needless drug prescription. He, in spite of his afliction with cancer, campaigned against over-zealous prescription of drugs and succeeded in getting some harmful drugs withdrawn from use all over the world. May 24, the day he died is celebrated as the Ollen Hansson Day to keep alive his campaign against over-prescription.

6. Each drug we use, like a coin, has to two sides, namely-its potency and toxicity. The border line be-

tween these two effects is thin in some cases. Therefore, doctors have a great responsibility in carefully prescribing such drugs.

On the basis of your understanding of the passage answer the following questions:

1. The pharmaceutical companies have made great advances in 1 mark

a. The understanding of the human body. b. Playing a key role in the treatment of diseases. c. Formulating wonder drugs such as antibiotics. d. Helping prolong human life.

2. Ollen Hansson Day is celebrated to 1 mark

a. Highlight advances made in biological science b. Fight against needless drug prescription c. Promote the sale of wonder drugs d. Prevent the use of Mexaform and Enterovioform

3. The writer says that ‘the doctors are in league with the drug industries’. This means 1 mark

that doctors

a. Promote over-prescription.

b. Are responsible for drug addiction among their patients. c. Encourage over-zealous prescription of drugs d. All of these.

4. According to the passage what causes blindness? 1 mark

a. Antiseptics

b. Antibiotics

c. Sulpha drugs d. Anti-diarrheal drugs

5. How has growth in medical science helped mankind? 1 mark

6. According to the writer, what distinguishes man from animal? 1 mark

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7. Mention any one drug that is used all over the world. 1 mark

8. What causes physician-produced diseases? 1 mark

9. What are the side effects of antibiotics? (Any 2) 1mark

10. What does the writer mean by ‘over-prescription’? 1mark

11. Pick out the words/phrases from the passage which are similar in meaning to the following: 2 marks

a. carelessly (Para 4) b. poisonous (Para 6)

PASSAGE 2

2 Read the following passage carefully. 12 marks

1. Many of us believe that “small” means “insigniicant”. We believe that small actions and choices do not have much impact on our lives. We think that it is only the big things, the big actions and the big decisions that really count. But when you look at the lives of all great people, you will see that they built their character through small decisions, small choices and small actions that they performed ev-

ery day. They transformed their lives through a step-by-step or day-by-day approach. They nurtured and nourished their good habits and chipped away at their bad habits, one step at a time. It was their small day-to-day decisions that added up to make tremendous difference in the long run. Indeed, in matters of personal growth and character building, there is no such thing as an overnight success.

2. Growth always occurs through a sequential series of stages. There is an organic process to growth. When we look at children growing up, we can see this process at work: the child irst learns to crawl, then to stand and walk, and inally to run. The same is true in the natural world. The soil must irst be tilled, and then the seed must be planted. Next, it must be nurtured and nourished with enough water and sunlight, and only then will it grow, bear fruit and inally ripen and be ready to eat.

3. Gandhi understood this organic process and used this universal law of nature to his beneit. Gandhi grew in small ways, in his day-to-day affairs. He did not wake up one day and ind himself to be the “Mahatma”. In fact, there was nothing much in his early life that showed signs of greatness. But from his mid-twenties onwards, he deliberately and consistently attempted to change himself, reform himself and grow in some small way every day. Day by day, hour by hour, he risked failure, experi-mented and learned from mistakes. In small and large situations alike, he took up rather than avoided responsibility.

4. People have always marveled at the effortless way in which Gandhi could accomplish the most dificult tasks. He displayed great deal of self-mastery and discipline that was amazing. These things did not come easily to him. Years of practice and disciplined training went into making his successes possible. Very few saw his struggles, fears, doubts and anxieties, or his inner efforts to overcome them. They saw the victory, but not the struggle.

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5. This is a common factor in the lives of all great people: they exercised their freedoms and choices in small ways that made great impact on their lives and their environment. Each of their small decisions and actions, added up to have a profound impact in the long run. By understanding this principle, we can move forward, with conidence, in the direction of our dreams. Often when our “ideal goal” looks too far from us, we become easily discouraged, disheartened and pessimistic. However, when we choose to grow in small ways taking small steps one at a time, performing it becomes easy.

On the basis of your understanding of the passage answer the following questions:

1. The main idea of the irst paragraph is that 1 mark

a. Big things, big actions and big decisions make a person great. b. Small actions and decisions are important in one’s lives. c. Overnight success is possible for all of us. d. Personal changes are not important.

2. What does the writer mean by saying ‘chipped away at their bad habits’ (Para 2)? 1 mark

a. Gave up bad habits

b. Produced bad habits

c. Criticized bad habits d. Did not like bad habits

3. Which of the following statements is true in the third paragraph? 1 mark

a. Gandhi became great one ine day. b. He avoided responsibility. c. Every day Gandhi made efforts to change himself in some small way. d. Gandhi was the Father of the Nation.

4. How did great people transform their lives? 1 mark

a. Day - by - day

b. In small ways

c. One at a time

d. All of these

5. How do small actions and choices impact our lives? 1 mark

6. How does growth occur? Give an example from the text. 1 mark

7. What according to the author is the universal law of nature? 1 mark

8. How did Gandhi accomplish the most dificult tasks effortlessly? 1 mark

9. What is the common factor in the lives of great men? 1 mark

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10. How can we achieve our ‘ideal goals’? 1 mark

11. Pick out the words/phrases from the passage which are similar in 2 marks

meaning to the following: a. take care of (Para 2) b. deep, very strongly felt (Para 5}

READING COMPREHENSION – IILiterary Passages

PASSAGE 1

1 Read the following passage and answer the questions given below. 10 marks

1. A man-eating tiger is a tiger that has been compelled, through stress of circumstances beyond its control, to adopt an unnatural diet. The stress of circumstances is, in nine cases out of ten, wounds,

and in the tenth case old age. The wound that has caused a particular tiger to take to man-eating might be the result of a carelessly ired shot and failure to follow up and recover the wounded animal, or be the result of the tiger having lost his temper when killing a porcupine. Human beings are not the natural prey of tigers, and it is only when tigers have been incapacitated through wounds or old age that, in order to live, they are compelled to take to a diet of human lesh.

2 A tiger when killing its natural prey, which it does either by stalking or lying in wait for it, depends for the success of its attack on its speed and, to a lesser extent, on the condition of its teeth and claws. When, therefore, a tiger is suffering from one or more painful wounds, or when its teeth are missing or defective and its claws worn down, and it is unable to catch the animals it has been accustomed to

eating, it is driven by necessity to killing human beings. The change over from animal to human lesh is, I believe, in most cases accidental.

3 As an illustration of what I mean by ‘accidental’ I quote the case of the Mukteshwar man-eating ti-gress. This tigress, a comparatively young animal, in an encounter with a porcupine, lost an eye and got some ifty quills, varying in length from one to nine inches, embedded in the arm and under the pad of her right foreleg. Several of these quills after striking a bone had doubled back in the form of a U, the point and the broken-off end being quite close together. Suppurating sores formed where she endeavoured to extract the quills with her teeth, and while she was lying up in a thick patch of grass starving and licking her wounds, a woman selected this particular patch of grass to cut as fodder for her cattle. At irst the tigress took no notice, but when the woman had cut the grass right up to where she was lying the tigress struck once, the blow crushing in the woman’s skull. Death was instantaneous, for, when found the following day, she was grasping her sickle with her hand and holding a tuft of grass, which she was about to cut when struck, with the other. Leaving the woman lying where she

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had fallen, the tigress limped off for a distance of over a mile and took refuge in a little hollow under a fallen tree.

4 Two days later a man came to chip irewood of this alien tree, and the tigress, who was lying on the far side killed him. The man fell across the tree, and he had removed his coat and shirt, and the tigress had clawed his back when killing him, it is possible that the smell of the blood trickling down his body as he hung across the bole of the tree irst gave her the idea that he was something that she could satisfy her hunger with. However that may be, before leaving him she ate a small portion from his back. A day later she killed her third victim, and without having received any provocation. Thereafter she became an established man eater and had killed 24 people before she was inally accounted for.

The Temple Tiger and more Man-eaters of Kumaon

By Jim Corbett

1. The Mukteshwar tigress became a man eater due to 1 mark

a. It’s painful wounds b. Its ferocious temper

c. It’s defective teeth

2. A man-eating tiger is one that 1 mark

a. takes to an unnatural diet

b. gets angry easily c. kills human beings d. none of these

3. Why did Mukteshwar tigress become a man eater?

4. How does a tiger kill its natural prey? 1 mark

5. What happened to the Mukteshwar tigress in an encounter with a porcupine? 1 mark

6. Why did the tigress not eat the woman who had come to cut grass? 1 mark

7. How did the Mukteshwar tigress turn into a man-eater? 1 mark

8. What does the writer mean by the phrase, ‘…had killed 24 people

before she was inally accounted for’? 1 mark

9. Find words from the passage that means’ become unit’ .

10. Find words from the passage that means opposite to’alien’ 1 mark

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PASSAGE 2

2 Read the following poem and answer the questions given below. 10 marks

ENCROACHMENT

By Neerada Suresh

1 One evening after work groping in the mailbox For messages, letters from nowhere, My ingers encountered

5 sprigs, twigs and eggs. A bird had nested

right inside my mailbox. Annoyed, I cleared it all

except for the eggs.

10 Later in the evening A squall had me out

hastily gathering, clothes left drying. In the garden, hopping in clumsy hurry, was a mainah

15 balancing in its yellow beak twigs and slender sticks heading for my mailbox laboriously to rebuild

the cosy nest I had wrecked.

20 My vision blurred in the heady showers

The message I had missed Quite clearly I read

In the incongruous nest hidden in the wooden box.

25 A trespass, an encroachment

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that escaped prosecution,

A slow persecution

through a denuding of its habitat leaving no room to nest

30 Except in wooden post boxes nailed to concrete walls.

1. In the mailbox, the poet looks for 1 mark

a. A nest

b. Letters

c. Bird’s eggs

2. How does the poet react to the bird’s nest in the mailbox? 1 mark

d. She is angry e. She is delighted f. She is unconcerned

3. Which one of the following statements is NOT true? 1 mark

a. There was a storm in the evening. b. The poet missed a letter in the mailbox. c. Mainah did not have room to nest.

d. Clothes were drying in the garden

4. What does the poet do to the nest? 1 mark

5. What does the poet do to the eggs in the mailbox? 1 mark

6. The bird starts rebuilding the nest. Why? 1 mark

7. The writer uses the phrase – ‘a denuding of its habitat’. Whose habitat has been denuded? 1 mark

8. Find words from the poem that mean 3 marks

a. to search

b. warm and protected

c. to punish or treat cruelly

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READING COMPREHENSION – III

Note-making and Summarizing

PASSAGE 1

1. Read the following passage carefully. 8 marks

Salt, a miraculous gift of nature, is one of the most useful and amazing minerals on Earth derived from the sea and rocks. Do you know that it is the only rock the humans can eat?

Salt has seasoned our history, language and food, besides making nutritious food more palatable. Used in all bakery products, prepared foods, sauces, soups, spices, cereals, dairy foods, meats, poultry, it is

also an extraordinary effective food preservative, retarding the growth of spoilage by micro- organisms and making food storage possible long before refrigeration.

How much salt is necessary for human consumption? Medical experts agree that everyone should practice some reasonable ‘moderation’ in salt consumption. For the average person, a moderate amount might run from 4-10 gm a day or roughly half to one and one-third teaspoon. The equivalent of one to two gm of this salt allowance would come from the natural sodium in food. The rest would be added in processing, preparation or at the table.

Common salt, a chloride of sodium, is chemically represented by the symbol NaCl. The human body

has a continual need for salt. Sodium chloride or the common salt is 39% sodium and 61% chloride.

Forming a solution in the body, these two components separate into sodium and chloride ions, each with a different task. Chloride maintains the balance of water between the living cell and its environment, plays part in digestion, and pairs with sodium to maintain the blood’s acid-base balance, critical for life. Sodium assists in regulating the volume of blood and blood pressure. It facilitates the transmission of nerve impulses and is necessary for heart and muscle contractions. Although the popular conception is that salt is a lavor enhancer, a recent American study suggests that it functions as a lavor ilter on food, selectively enhancing and suppressing various tastes. Another study shows that the use of salt suppresses the bitter taste of dark green vegetables like bitter gourds. Salt’s functions in the body are already elucidated. Deiciency signs include lethargy, dizziness, cramps and palpitation. In woman, excessive salt intake promotes luid retardation. But what the good salt can do, in the right dose, is unequaled. Snorers should try spraying their nose with salt water to moisten mucous membrane. To invigorate the body when tired or to remove dead skin cells, rub a handful of salt all over your body before having your bath.

The recommendation that no one should exclude salt totally from the diet is awfully wrong. Scientists are of the view that salt is an invisible killer and therefore, a health hazard. As new evidence piles up alarm bells have started raining. And the next battle might be just against salt! Specialists are convinced that a diet high in salt causes high blood pressure, a disorder that aflicts one-third of people above the age of 60. Moreover, this is a risk factor for two great killers-coronary heart disease and stroke.

1. On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes on it, using headings and sub-head-

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ings. Also use recognizable abbreviations, wherever necessary (minimum 4). Use a format you

consider suitable. 5 marks

2. Write a summary of the above passage in about 80 words. 3 marks

PASSAGE 2

2. Read the following passage carefully. 8 marks

Is there anything you can do to help yourself-and perhaps others as well - in a big ire? Yes, indeed, you can escape or increase your chances of rescue if you use your head and know what to do. Most

important at such times is the pause when you irst realize that there is a ire – the pause when you calmly decide what to do.

If the smell of smoke wakes you up at night, don’t rush to the door and ling it open. First feel it cau-

tiously. If it is hot, don’t open it! Open your window, call for help and wait there to be rescued. The closed door will hold back heat, lames and smoke for quite a long time.

If the door is not hot (feel the metal part that connects the front door-knobs, too), you can open it carefully, bracing your foot and arm against it so it will not ly open. Close your window before open-

ing the door. Otherwise a smouldering ire, suddenly receiving a supply of fresh air, might burst into lames.

If the smell of smoke leads you to the cellar, feel that door very carefully indeed. If it is even warm,

telephone for help immediately. Say ‘Fire’ to the operator, and tell her your address clearly. If you have no phone (or can’t get to it) and have to go outside the house to phone, awaken the rest of the household before you go, so they can get out of the house.

If you must escape through a room illed with smoke, crawl on your hands and knees, with your face close to the loor where the air will be clearest. To avoid bumping into objects or to feel your way in a strange room, keep one ist raised in front of you, lightly clenched. If the back of your hand touch a live wire the shock will throw the hand clear instead of causing it to clutch the wire. Should you be lost in a smoke illed room, make for a wall and then continue around it until you reach the door.

In searching for light of stairs, be careful about grasping a hand-rail which may be weakened by ire. Go down as close to the wall as possible, for that is where the treads will bear the most weight, and crawl down backwards for extra safety.

If you must escape through a window, do not ‘jump out of the window’. You can reduce the length of your fall by 6 or 7 feet by dropping properly. Sit on the sill with your legs outside, turn around, grip the sill and lower yourself to arm’s length before letting go. If you do not panic, you may easily have time to knot blankets and sheets together, tie one end to heavy piece of furniture and climb down much or all of the way.

(From ‘Guided Comprehension and Summary Book 1’ by Brian Blomield and Dorothy Heapy)

1. On the basis of your reading of the above passage, make notes on it, using headings and sub-headings. Also use recognizable abbreviations, wherever necessary (minimum 4). Use a format you consider suitable. 5 marks

2. Write a summary of the above passage in about 80 words. 3 marks

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SILAS MARNER -

CHAPTER SUMMARY

Chapter 1

George Eliot sets the scene. Silas Marner was a good, honest man who was involved in a religious com-

munity in Lantern Yard. Silas suffers from cataleptic its and was accused of stealing money, which was set up by William Dane. There is no justice and Silas leaves. He feels betrayed by his friend.

Chapter 2

Silas now lives in Raveloe and is a stranger and outsider to the villagers. He is a weaver and begins to hoard all the money that he earns. Silas has nobody to love and devotes all his time to working and collecting his gold.

Chapter 3

We are introduced to the second plot which revolves around Godfrey Cass. The Cass family are rich and

powerful. Dunstan, the evil son of the Squire, is blackmailing Godfrey who secretly married Molly Farren. She turned into a drunken, drug taking wife. If this secret comes out then Godfrey will lose his inheritance. Nancy Lammeter is Godfrey’s new interest, he can not court her while he already has a wife.

Chapter 4

The story of Silas merges with the plot of Godfrey Cass. Godfrey has agreed to sell his horse, Wildire, to raise the blackmail money. Dunstan arranges a sale yet foolishly kills the horse. As he is returning to Raveloe without the horse or money he passes Marner’s cottage. Dunstan enters to see the cottage is empty, he inds the bags of gold and goes back into the dark, misty night.

Chapter 5

Silas returns to his cottage and before his dinner he decides to get out the gold. To his horror he inds that it is missing. His purpose in life has been destroyed. Silas decides it is a thief and suspects Jem Rodney. Off he goes to The Rainbow to tell of the robbery and trust that the Squire and others will help him to recover his money.

Chapter 6

The scene is The Rainbow tavern where the villagers are assembled for a drink and discussion. They argue about events in the village and we learn about Raveloe life. This chapter of communal spirit is a contrast to poor Silas in the previous chapter.

Chapter 7

The villagers are surprised by the appearance of Silas who enters the pub stating his loss. Jem Rodney denies the charge and Silas apologises as he knows about being wrongly accused. The men are helpful and

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suggest that there must be some clues to track down the thief. Mr. Dowlas and Mr. Snell go out into the dark to help Silas.

Chapter 8

Godfrey Cass is still waiting for news from Dunstan who has not returned since selling the horse. Silas has not heard anything about his money and suspicion falls on a peddler. Godfrey thinks he should tell the Squire about Molly instead he puts his trust in chance and hopes something will turn up.

Chapter 9

Godfrey tells his father about selling Wildire but does not come clean about his secret marriage. The Squire thinks that his son should be planning a future with Nancy Lammeter and if Godfrey does not do something soon then he will sort it out.

Chapter 10

Silas is illed with grief and pain as he is still without his money. The attitude of the villagers is changing as they try to comfort him by visiting his cottage and bringing gifts. Visits from Mr. Macey, Dolly Winthrop and Aaron show the concern. Silas is asked to attend church. We see Silas slowly becoming a part of the community.

Chapter 11

It is New Year’s Eve and a party at the Red House is organised. Everyone comments on the beauty of Nancy. The Squire is hoping Godfrey will show her affection, he wants to but he is already married.

Chapter 12

While Godfrey is enjoying himself at the party, Molly is on her way to the Red House to disclose the secret marriage as she has been neglected; she is carrying a child. Molly takes some of her drug and falls in the snow. The child toddles towards Silas’s cottage but he is having a cataleptic it and fails to notice the child enter the doorway. When he wakes up, he sees a mass of gold by the hearth, it is not his money but the golden hair of the child. He takes care of her and there is an immediate bond.

Chapter 13

Godfrey sees Silas enter the party with his own child and hears that a woman is dead in the snow. Dr. Kim-

ble, Dolly and Godfrey go to the cottage. Godfrey has to make sure that the dead woman is Molly. Silas refuses to give up the child and decides to keep her. On returning to the party, Godfrey thinks that all his problems are solved and he can now pay attention to Nancy.

Chapter 14

The villagers see Silas as a good man who is trying to bring up a child single-handed. They offer advice. Silas has her christened Hephzibah, Eppie for short, after his mother. This chapter outlines Eppie being naughty and Silas can not bring himself to punish her. The presence of a child is transforming Silas.

Chapter 15

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Godfrey takes a keen but secret interest in Eppie. He has given small gifts without arousing suspicion. Nancy has agreed to marry Godfrey.

Chapter 16

It is 16 years later and Eppie has grown into a beautiful girl and Aaron Winthrop has shown a keen interest. There are signs of change in the cottage and it is now a homely place. Eppie and Aaron hope to be married and to stay at the cottage.

Chapter 17

Godfrey is taking up dairy farming and Stone Pits is being drained. Godfrey and Nancy have been married for 15 years, they have no children. Nancy had one baby which she lost at birth. Godfrey has suggested adoption, the child in mind is Eppie. He dares not tell her that she is his child. There is a disturbance in the village.

Chapter 18

Dunstan’s body has been found in the drained pits and Silas’s money has been found with it. Godfrey con-

fesses to Nancy that Eppie’s mother was his wife and Eppie is his child. It is time Godfrey acknowledged Eppie as his daughter, he must do his duty.

Chapter 19

Silas has his gold back and explains how his life centred around it. Godfrey and Nancy enter. Godfrey feels he should make up for his brother’s crime. Godfrey thinks he should take Eppie off him to remove the burden. When Eppie refuses, Godfrey confesses that he is her father and has a claim on her. Silas is ready

to ight for what he loves. The argument shows Godfrey to be selish and unfeeling to the lower classes. Eppie is adamant to stay with Silas, the only father she has known.

Chapter 20

Godfrey decides not to reveal that he is the real father, instead he will do all he can to help her have a happy

life. He has been punished for not doing his duty by ending up being childless.

Chapter 21

Silas and Eppie set off to Lantern Yard to see the old home, it no longer exists and Raveloe is the only home for Silas.

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SEQUENCE OF EVENTS

The major events in the novel are presented below, by chapter, to serve as a reference for the teacher.

PART I

I

• The setting is presented, describing the times and the locale. • Silas Marner is introduced and described. • Silas is falsely accused and leaves Lantern Yard.

II

• Silas moves to Raveloe and hoards the earnings from his weaving for 15 years. • As a result of his curing Sally Oates, the people of Raveloe consider him even more mysterious. • Silas mends and keeps a small brown pot he has accidentally broken.

III

• Members of the Cass family are introduced and described. • Dunstan blackmails Godfrey into selling his horse, Wildire. • Godfrey’s past is revealed.

IV

• Dunstan sells Wildire and then causes the horse’s death by careless riding during the hunt. • Dunstan steals Silas’ gold.

V

• Silas returns from an errand and discovers that his gold is missing. • Silas suspects Jem Rodney and goes to the Rainbow Inn.

VI

• Conversation among the community members at the Rainbow Inn.

VII

• Silas enters the Rainbow Inn and accuses Jem Rodney. • After learning that Jem had been at the Inn all evening, Silas apologizes to Jem and tells what he

knows of the theft.

• It is decided to go to the ill constable’s house to have one of the men deputized to begin an investigation.

VIII

• Dunstan fails to return home with the money from Wildire’s sale. • The villagers talk about the theft.

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• Godfrey learns about Wildire’s death. • Godfrey contemplates confessing to his father.

IX

• Godfrey tells his father, the Squire, about Wildire. • The Squire asks Godfrey about marrying Nancy Lammeter.

X

• The people of Raveloe become friendlier with Silas, talking with him in town, visiting him at home, and taking him small gifts.

• The Winthrop family is introduced, Dolly in particular, who comes to visit with her young son, Aaron. She offers to help Silas in his housekeeping if he ever needs it.

• Christmas Day is spent by families among themselves; Dunstan is still missing from the Cass family.

XI

• The New Year’s celebration at the Red House gets underway with the arrival of and exchanges among the female guests.

• As the party proceeds, the men make conversation mainly by independent remarks. • Nancy and Godfrey dance, followed by a conversation marked by assertions and defenses.

XII

• Molly comes to Raveloe to confront Godfrey and dies in the snow of a drug overdose. • Molly’s child follows the light from Silas’s open cottage door and enters during his cataleptic trance. • Silas regains consciousness, discovers the child, and shortly thereafter follows her tracks in the snow

to her mother’s body.

XIII

• The party continues well into the night when Silas enters the Red House with Molly and Godfrey’s child.

• Soon after the doctor proclaims the child’s mother dead, Godfrey secretly conirms that it is his wife, Molly.

• Godfrey returns to the party and determines to please Nancy and pursue her.

XIV

• Molly is buried with little ceremony. • Silas undertakes raising Molly’s child with help from Dolly Winthrop. • Silas is clearly possessive of the child. • The child is christened and named Eppie.

XV

• Godfrey keeps an eye on Eppie.

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• Dunstan is given up as gone forever.

PART II

XVI

• Sixteen years have passed since Eppie came into Silas’ life. • The effects of the passage of time on the main characters are described. • Eppie gets Aaron to prepare a garden for her and Silas. • Silas tells Dolly about his life in Lantern Yard. • Eppie talks of marrying Aaron and their living with Silas.

XVII

• Nancy’s sister, Priscilla, and their father join Godfrey and Nancy for Sunday dinner. • As the sisters converse, it becomes clear that Nancy and especially Godfrey regret not having chil-

dren. Godfrey has wanted to adopt, Nancy has not.

XVIII

• Godfrey inds Dunstan’s skeleton and returns to tell Nancy that his brother has drowned in the Stone Pit after robbing Silas.

• Godfrey goes on to confess his prior marriage and fatherhood of Eppie. • Godfrey and Nancy decide to go together to Silas Marner’s to make the truth known.

XIX

• Silas and Eppie discuss their lives after everyone has left, following the excitement of inding Dun-

stan’s body. • Nancy and Godfrey visit Silas and Eppie. • Godfrey proposes taking Eppie into his home, an offer Eppie rejects. • After Godfrey asserts his fatherhood and his plan to make Eppie a lady, Silas and Godfrey discuss

what is best for Eppie.

• Eppie irmly and inally makes clear her intention to remain with Silas and working-class people.

XX

• Nancy and Godfrey return in silence to discuss what life has given them to accept; Godfrey decides to keep his fatherhood a secret.

XXI

• Silas and Eppie return to Lantern Yard, where they ind things have changed greatly. Silas’ old life has been completely erased.

Conclusion

• Eppie and Aaron are married, followed by a reception at the Rainbow Inn, for which Godfrey has paid.

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MAIN CHARACTERS

Silas Marner: A linen weaver and Eppie’s adopted father. He moves to Raveloe after being accused of stealing money in his hometown, Lantern Yard. He zones out and goes into trances. At irst, everyone thinks he’s weird; but after he takes care of Eppie, people like him. He lives at the Stone-pits.Hephzibah/Eppie: Silas’s adopted daughter. Her real parents are Godfrey and Molly. She marries Aaron.

Squire Cass: The richest man in Raveloe. Lives in the Red House with his three sons; his wife is dead. A troublemaker. He holds grudges.

Godfrey Cass: Squire Cass’s oldest son and, thus, his heir. He leads a double life: he is in love with Nancy Lammeter, but is married to and has a child with Molly Farren. He is anxiety-ridden about the truth coming out.

Dunstan Cass: a.k.a. Dunsey. Squire Cass’s second son. Is obnoxious and lazy. Being the only one who knows about Godfrey’s secret life, he has control over his older brother. He steals Silas’s money. He is found dead at the end of the story.

Bob Cass: Squire Cass’s youngest son. He’s a Daddy’s boy.

Miss Nancy Lammeter: She lives with Godfrey Cass, but she has issues with his weird behavior towards

her. Ends up marrying him. She is not well-educated, but she has good manners.

Priscilla Lammeter: a.k.a. Priscy. Nancy’s older sister. Awkward. Freely admits she’s ugly. Not girlie. Ends up taking care of her elderly father.

John Snell: He owns the main hangout in Raveloe, the Rainbow. When there are arguments, he always says that no one is right and no one is wrong.

Bob: The butcher. John Snell’s cousin.

Mr. Macey: A tailor. He is also the parish clerk.

Mr. Tookey: The deputy parish clerk. He is the butt of all jokes; he can’t take a joke.

Jem Rodney: A mole-catcher. Raveloe’s resident bad guy. Silas accuses him of stealing his money.

Bryce: He was supposed to buy Wildire (Godfrey’s horse). He tells Godfrey that Dunsey has a riding incident, and the horse is dead.

Ben Winthrop: The wheelwright. Dolly’s husband; Aaron’s father.

Mrs. Dolly Winthrop: Wife of Ben, mother of Aaron; godmother and, later, mother-in-law to Eppie. She becomes a good friend and conidante to Silas. A really nice lady.

Aaron: Dolly’s son. He grows up to be Godfrey’s gardener and Eppie’s husband.

Dr. Kimble: Godfrey’s uncle.

Mrs. Kimble: Dr. Kimble’s wife; Squire’s sister. She’s a large woman.

Molly Farren: Godfrey’s wife and Eppie’s mother. Might as well face it, she’s addicted to opium; she’s

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also an alcoholic. She dies on her way to Raveloe, where she was going to reveal Godfrey’s secret life.

Fowler: A tenant on Squire Cass’s land.

Master Kench: The Constable of Raveloe. He’s ill.

The Two Misses Gunns: The wine merchant’s conceited daughters. From Latherly. Guests at Squire’s New Year’s Rockin’-Eve Bash.

Mr. Paston: The minister at Lantern Yard.

Sarah: A servant girl in Lantern Yard. She breaks up with Silas after the money-stealing incident and ends up marrying William Dane.

William Dane: Silas’s best friend in Lantern Yard. Thinks he’s all that. He frames Silas and then marries Sarah.

QUESTIONS BASED ON THEME, PLOT AND INCIDENTS

1. The novel ‘Silas Marner’ shows that true happiness does not lie in material things. Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.

Value Points:

• Silas’s obsessive love for gold brings lustful desire for possessing the gold coins

o Is devastated when robbed of his gold coins o Finds Eppie – decides to be care-giver – experiences true and lasting happiness

• Godfrey Cass – abandons Molly and his child – intent on marrying the upper-class Nancy Lam meter – no inward peace – lacks courage to confess

o When he wants to claim Eppie after 18 years – is snubbed by her o Can never attain the happiness that Silas has experienced

• Squire Cass – man with wealth and status – inwardly unhappy

2. How does the author bring in natural elements into the novel ‘Silas Marner’?

Value Points:

• Marner – compared to a spider weaving a web • When he loses gold – feels helpless – likened to an ant • Marner tries to rehabilitate – a new emerging plant • His relationship with Eppie – lower in bloom

3. How is the stone cottage in ‘Silas Marner’ a silent witness to all the important events in his life?

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Value Points:

• Stone cottage - a private concern for Marner that cocoons him from the villagers o A symbol of domesticity

o Witness to the coming of Dunstan – the latter makes off with gold o Marner’s inconsolable reaction to the loss o Cottage – serves as a marker of Silas’s growth into the community

4. Who teaches Silas to take care of Eppie? Discuss his efforts to discipline her.

Value Points:

• Dolly Winthrop teaches Silas how to groom Eppie by giving him practical help, advice and en couragement.

• Must punish her for any mischief to discipline her • Silas ties her leg to the loom • Plans to threaten her with putting her in the coal-hole thinking that this would make her not do

any mischief

5. Compare the two examples of theft in the novel ‘Silas Marner’ and the impact they have on Silas.

Value Points:

• First - the theft of which Silas is accused – sends him away from Lantern Yard – bring him to Reveloe

o Lost his faith in humanity and in religion – spends a solitary life – isolates him from the soci ety – drives Silas away from humans

• Second robbery – his own hoarded gold – himself suffers o Makes him dependent on the society – brings him closer to the community of humans

Questions based on Character Sketch

1. The story of Silas Marner has been described as the story if the loss and gain of his gold. Cite examples from his character that the novel is more than a mere tale about his gold.

Value Points:

• Silas Marner – weaver – betrayed by his friend William Dane – excommunicated by church on charges of murder and theft

• His appearance – bulging eyes – pale face – meagre form and a bent posture • Lived frugally and was considered a miser by the villagers • Was given gold coins as payments by his clients • Lost the gold – shattered initially • Arrival of Eppie – changed into a devoted father – life changed • Gives up his infatuation for gold

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2. Eppie is a character who remains highly predictable in her reactions. Prove this with reference to her character traits.

Value Points:

• Eppie comes as a touch of cheer – toddles in Silas’s cottage when she was two after her mother’s death

• Has golden curls which Marner fantasized as the return of his lost gold • Loveable – accepts Silas as her father • Fond of outdoors – persuades Silas to grow a garden – affectionate to animals • Her sense of responsibility and gratitude to Silas remain constant and unwavering

3. How far does the attitude of Dolly Winthrop help Marner to integrate with the villagers? What personal qualities in her does the author portray?

Value Points:

• Dolly Winthrop – irst caller at Marner’s cottage after Eppie’s arrival • Homely villager – good natured – friendly – hospitable neighbor • Strong in her belief in Christian values – becomes Eppie’s godmother • Becomes the vital link for Marner with the village • Has a son Aaron

4. How does Godfrey Cass manage to keep his true identity undisclosed? How far does his behavior stem from his character traits?

Value Points:

• Eldest son of Squire ass of Red House, a leading family in the village • Marries Lammeter – lacks courage to confess to his father about his marriage with Molly Farren ,

during a it of drunkenness – hides the fact from Nancy about Molly and his two year old daughter Eppie

• His younger brother Dunstan blackmails him • Remains childless for 16 years – offers to adopt Eppie – Eppie refuses • Sadly reconciles to his weakness

5. Show how Nancy Lammeter becomes the pillar of strength behind Godfrey Cass.

Value Points:

• An upper class resident of Reveloe village – has a proper Victorian up-bringing • Fond of Godfrey Cass – ignorant of Godfrey’s earlier marriage – silling to be his wife • Faithful and dutiful wife – agrees to her husband’s idea of adopting EppieWhen comes to know of the truth about Eppie – does not accuse Godfrey – offers him love and sympathy – cooperates in his decision

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THE INVISIBLE MAN

CHAPTER WISE SUMMARY

CHAPTER 1. The Strange Man’s Arrival

A stranger arrives in Bramblehurst railway station. He is bundled from head to foot with only the tip of his nose showing. He enters the Coach & Horses Inn and demands a room and a ire. Mrs. Hall, the owner prepares a supper for him and offers to take his coat and hat, but he refuses to take them off. When he inally removes the hat, his entire head is swathed in a bandage. Mrs. Hall thinks he has endured some accident. She tries to get him to talk about himself, but he is taciturn with her, although not particularly rude.

CHAPTER 2. Mr. Teddy Henfrey’s First Impressions

Teddy Henfrey, a clock repairman, comes to the inn for tea. Mrs. Hall asks him to “repair the clock” in the stranger’s room. Teddy deliberately takes as long as he can with the clock, taking it apart and reassembling it for no reason. The stranger inally gets him to hurry up and leave. Offended, Teddy talks himself into believing that the stranger is someone of a suspicious nature, perhaps even wanted by the police and is wrapped up to conceal his identity. Teddy runs into Mr. Hall and warns him about the stranger, informing him that a “lot of luggage” will be coming. It would seem that the stranger intends to stay awhile.Mr. Hall goes home intending to investigate the stranger, but is put off by the short-tempered demeanor of his wife.

CHAPTER 3. The Thousand and One Bottles

The stranger’s luggage arrives at the inn. Numerous crates ill the deliveryman’s cart, some of them con-

taining bottles packaged in straw. Fearenside, the cartman, owns a dog that starts to growl when the stranger comes down the steps to help with the boxes. The dog jumps for the stranger’s hand, but misses and sinks his teeth in a pant leg. The dog tears open the trouser leg, whereupon the stranger goes quickly back into the inn and to his room.

Concerned about the possibility of injury, Mr. Hall goes to the stranger’s room. He gets a glimpse of what seems like a white mottled face before he is shoved by an unseen force back through the door. The stranger soon reappears at the door, his trousers changed, and gives orders for the rest of his luggage. The stranger unpacks 6 crates of bottles, which he arranges across the windowsill and all the available table and shelf space in the inn’s parlor-a space he seems to have commandeered for himself.Mrs. Hall enters later to tend to his needs and catches a quick glimpse of him without his glasses. His eyes seem hollow; he quickly puts his glasses on. She starts to complain about the straw on the loor, but he tells her to put it on the bill and to knock before entering his rooms. She points out that he could lock his door if he doesn’t want to be bothered, advice that he takes. He then works behind the locked door all afternoon. At one point, Mrs. Hall hears him raving about not being able to “go on.” She hears a sound like a bottle being broken. Later she takes him tea and notes the broken glass and a stain on the loor. He

22

again tells her to “put it on the bill.”Meanwhile Fearenside talks in the beer shop of Iping Hangar. Fearenside says that the stranger is a “black man,” an assumption derived from the absence of “pink lesh” when the trouser leg was ripped open. When reminded of the pink nose, Fearenside claims that the man must therefore be a “piebald,” or a part white, part black creature.

CHAPTER 4. Mr. Cuss Interviews the Stranger

The stranger works diligently in his room until the end of April with only occasional skirmishes with Mrs. Hall. Whenever she disapproves of anything he does, he quiets her with additional payment. He rarely goes out during the day, but goes out nearly every night, mufled up regardless of the weather.His identity becomes a topic of speculation in the town. Mrs. Hall defends him, repeating his own words that he is an “experimental investigator.” The view of the town is that he is a criminal trying to escape jus-

tice. Mr. Gould, the probationary assistant imagines that the man must be an “anarchist” who is preparing explosives.

CHAPTER 5. The Burglary and the Vicarage

Mrs. Bunting, the vicar’s wife, wakes up at the sound of bare feet walking through her house. She wakes her husband and the two watch and listen as a candle is lit and papers are rustled in the study. When they

hear the telltale clink of money, Rev. Bunting rushes into the study with a raised poker, but the room appears to be empty. Their money disappears and at one point they hear a sneeze in the hallway but are unable to locate or see the intruder.

CHAPTER 6. The Furniture that Went Mad

The Halls arise very early in the morning on Whit-Monday in order to take care of some private business having something to do with their wine cellar. In passing by the guest’s room, Mr. Hall notices that the door is ajar. A few minutes later, he sees that the bolts on the front door of the house are unlocked although he remembers shutting them on the previous night. The guest is not in his room, but his clothes, shoes, and even his hat are scattered about. As the Halls are investigating, the bed-clothes suddenly gather themselves into a bundle and toss themselves over the bottom rail. Then a chair lies toward Mrs. Hall. The legs of the chair are brought to rest against her back, propelling her out of the room. The door slams and is locked behind them. The Halls decide that the stranger is a spirit.They send for Sandy Wadgers, the blacksmith who is also supposed to be an exorcist. Wadgers is joined by Huxter, and together they ponder the likelihood of witchcraft and contemplate the propriety of breaking through the door in order to examine the situation more closely. However, before they can carry out any such action, the door opens and the stranger emerges, wrapped and bundled as usual. He distracts them long enough to enter the parlor and slam the door against them. When Mr. Hall raps on the door and demands an explanation, the stranger tells him to “go to the devil” and “shut the door after you.”

CHAPTER 7. The Unveiling of the Stranger

The stranger remains locked in the parlor all morning. He rings his bell for Mrs. Hall several times, but she

23

does not answer it. About noon, he emerges and demands to know why his meals have not been brought to him. Mrs. Hall tells him that his bill has not been paid in ive days. She refuses to accept the excuse that he is waiting for a remittance. When he produces some money, she refuses it, saying she irst wants to know why he doesn’t enter by doorways and move about like normal people.For his answer, the stranger removes all his head wrappings, including his nose and moustache. “Eye-wit-nesses” suddenly babble hysterical stories of the man attacking the servant girl, and brandishing a knife. Bobby Jaffers, the village constable, appears with a warrant. As the constable, Halls and others watch, the man removes the rest of his clothes, becoming invisible before them. He tells them that he is invisible.. A scufle ensues, and the stranger, now known as the “Invisible Man,” escapes.

CHAPTER 8. In Transit

An amateur naturalist named Gibbins is relaxing out on the downs and hears someone coughing, sneezing and swearing. Frightened, Gibbins gets up and runs home.

CHAPTER 9. Mr. Thomas Marvel

Marvel is an eccentric bachelor and local tramp who likes to be comfortable and take his time about things. He has come across a pair of boots in a ditch. He has tried them on and found them too big, and is occu-

pied in contemplating the boots when he hears a voice nearby. Marvel talks about boots with the voice for several minutes before turning to see his visitor and inding no one there.First Marvel tells himself that he has had too much to drink, then that his imagination has played some sort of trick on him. The Invisible Man begins throwing things at Marvel to convince him that he is not just imagining the presence. Eventually the Man convinces Marvel that he is real and is in need of an ac-

complice who will irst give him food, water and shelter. He delivers an uninished threat of what he will do if Marvel betrays him.

CHAPTER 10. Mr. Marvel’s Visit to Iping

Iping has nearly recovered its earlier holiday atmosphere. As only a few people had actually made contact with the Invisible Man, the general population is soon able to reason him away as some trick of an over-active, holiday imagination.Around 4:00, Mr. Marvel enters town and is observed by Huxter to behave rather strangely. He makes his way down the street almost reluctantly. He stops at the foot of the steps to the Coach & Horses and seems to undergo a great struggle before inally entering. A few minutes later, he re-emerges, apparently having had a drink, and walks as if he is trying to act nonchalant. Soon he disappears into the yard and re-emerges with a bundle wrapped in a tablecloth. Huxter thinks some robbery has taken place and tries to follow Marvel when he is tripped in a mysterious fashion and sent sprawling.

CHAPTER 11. In the Coach & Horses

The narrator backtracks to explain what happened inside the Coach & Horses. Mr. Cuss and Mr. Bunting were in the parlor going through the belongings of the Invisible Man. Three large books labeled “Diary” are written in a cipher or code they do not understand.

24

Suddenly the inn door opens and Mr. Marvel enters. They disregard him and begin studying the books again when an unseen force grabs each of them by the neck and begins pounding their heads on the table between questions about what they are doing with his things. The man demands his belongings, saying he wants his books and some clothes.

CHAPTER 12. The Invisible Man Loses His Temper

Mr. Hall and Teddy Henfrey are involved in a discussion behind the hotel bar when they hear a thump on the parlor door. They hear strange sounds as of things being thrown against the door and some bizarre conversation. Doors open and shut and they see Marvel taking off with Huxter trying to follow him. Sud-

denly Huxter executes a complicated leap in the air. Seconds later, Hall lands on the ground as if he had been attacked by a football player.

Mr. Cuss calls for help, telling people that the “Man” has all of the vicar’s clothes. After breaking all the windows in the Coach & Horses and thrusting a chair through the parlor window of another citizen’s house, the Invisible Man disappears from Iping.

CHAPTER 13. Mr. Marvel discusses His Resignation

Mr. Marvel, propelled by the unrelenting shoulder grip and vocal threats of the Invisible Man, arrives in Bramblehurst. Marvel tries to reason his way out of the situation to no avail. The Invisible man needs a

normal person to carry his books and is determined to make use of the fat, red-faced little man.

CHAPTER 14. At Port Stowe

Marvel arrives in Port Stowe and is seen resting on a bench outside of town. He has the books with him, but the bundle of clothing has been abandoned in the woods. As he sits there, an elderly mariner, carrying a newspaper, sits down beside him. Citing the paper, the mariner brings up the topic of an Invisible man.According to the newspaper, the man aflicted injuries on the constable at Iping. Certain evidence indicates that he took the road to Port Stowe. The mariner ponders the strange things such a man might be able to do-trespass, rob or even slip through a cordon of policeman.Marvel begins to conide in the mariner, saying he knows some things about this Invisible Man. Suddenly Marvel is interrupted by an attack of some kind of pain. He says it is a toothache, then goes on to say that the Invisible Man is a hoax. Marvel begins to move off, walking sideways with violent forward jerks.Later the mariner hears another fantastic story-that of money loating along a wall in butterly fashion. The story is true, however. All about the neighborhood, money has been making off by the handful and depositing itself in the pockets of Mr. Marvel.

CHAPTER 15. The Man Who Was Running

Dr. Kemp happens to be day-dreaming out his window when he spots a short, fat man running down the hill as fast as he can go. The doctor notices that the man is running “heavy” as if his pockets are “full of lead.” Kemp’s reaction is one of contempt, but the people on the street who see him approaching react a bit differently. The running man is Marvel; his expression is one of terror. A short distance behind him, people hear the sound of panting and a pad like hurrying bare feet. Soon cries of “The Invisible Man is coming”

25

are heard in the streets along with the slamming of doors as people bolt into their houses.

CHAPTER 16. In the Jolly Cricketers

The Jolly Cricketers is a tavern. The barkeep, a cabman, an American and an off duty policeman are en-

gaged in idle chat when marvel bursts through the door. Marvel begs for help, claiming the Invisible Man is after him.

A pounding begins at the door and then a window is broken in. The Invisible Man doesn’t come in imme-

diately, however. The barman checks the other doors, but by the time he realizes the yard door is open, the Invisible Man is already inside. Marvel, who is hiding behind the bar, is caught and dragged into the kitchen. The policeman rushes in and grips the invisible wrist of the hand that holds onto Marvel, but is abruptly hit in the face.

People stumble over and into each other as all try to catch the Invisible Man. He yelps when the police-

man steps on his foot, then lails wildly about with his Invisible ists and inally gives them the slip. The American ires ive cartridges from his gun, sweeping his gun in a circular pattern as he ires. The chapter ends with the men feeling around for an invisible body.

CHAPTER 17. Doctor Kemp’s Visitor

Doctor Kemp is still working in his study when he hears the shots ired in the Cricketers. He opens his window and watches the crowd at the bottom of the hill for a few minutes, then returns to his writing desk. A few minutes later, he hears his doorbell ring, but his housekeeper says it was only a “runaway” ring.The doctor is at his work until 2 AM when he decides to go downstairs for a drink. On the way he notices a spot of drying blood on his linoleum loor. Then he inds more blood on the doorknob of his own bed-

room. In his room, his bedspread is smeared with blood, his sheet is torn, and bedclothes are depressed as

if someone has been sitting there.The Invisible Man introduces himself to Kemp. He is Grifin, of University College. He explains that he made himself Invisible, but is wounded and desperately in need of shelter, clothes and food.

Kemp loans him a dressing gown along with some drawers, socks and slippers. Grifin eats everything Kemp can rustle up and inally asks for a cigar. He promises to tell Kemp the story of his bizarre situation but insists that he must sleep irst as he has had no sleep in nearly three days.

CHAPTER 18. The Invisible man Sleeps

Grifin examines the windows of the room, then exacts a promise from Kemp that he will not be betrayed in his sleep and inally locks the door, barring Kemp from his own room.Kemp retires to his dining room to speculate upon the strange events. There he sees the day’s newspaper, which he had ignored earlier. He reads it eagerly, but assigns the more terrifying elements of the stores to “fabrication.” In the morning he sends his housekeeper for all available papers and reads those as well. The papers contain stories of the previous evening’s events at the Cricketers along with a rather badly written account of Marvel’s experience. Marvel doesn’t tell how he came upon the money in his pockets, nor does he mention the location of the three books. Kemp becomes alarmed at the possibilities of what Grifin could do and writes a note to Colonel Adye at Port Burdock.

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CHAPTER 19. Certain First Principles

Grifin explains how he became invisible. He had been a medical student, but had dropped medicine and taken up physics. He discovered a formula of pigments that lowers the refractive index of a substance, allowing light to pass through it rather than being relected or refracted. After experimenting with pig-

ments for three years, he came upon the secret whereby animal tissue could be rendered transparent. He was continuously trying to hide his work from another professor. He was inally brought to a halt in his experimenting by a lack of funds, a problem he solved by robbing his own father. Because the money did not belong to him, his father shot himself.

CHAPTER 20. At the House in Great Portland Street

Grifin explains how he had found lodging in a boarding house on Great Portland Street. After his father’s funeral, he went to his apartment to continue with his experiments. He successfully made a piece of cloth disappear, then he tried his process on a stray cat. The cat was not entirely successful, as the animal’s eyes and claws never completely disappeared.

Later the next day he had a minor altercation with the landlord who brought reports of Grifin tormenting a cat in the night. The landlord wanted to know what Grifin was doing in the room and what all the par-aphernalia was for. The two argued and Grifin shoved the landlord out of the room.. In the evening the landlord returned with an ejection notice, but was too terriied at the stone white face of Grifin to serve it. In spite of extreme illness and pain, Grifin inished his treatment and watched himself gradually disappear.In the morning, the landlord, his stepsons and the elderly neighbor lady who had complained about the cat enter Grifin’s apartment and are astonished to see no one. A day later, afraid, lest his equipment reveal too much information, Grifin smashes the items and sets ire to the house. Believing that he has covered his tracks with impunity, he begins to imagine all sorts of “wild and wonderful” things he will be able to do under the cover of invisibility.

CHAPTER 21. In Oxford Street

Grifin continues to explain his experiences with invisibility. He soon discovered that being invisible had as many drawbacks as advantages. People ran into him and stepped on him. He had to be continually on guard as to the movements and positions of others in order to avoid accidental contact. To make matters worse, although people could not see him, dogs could detect him with their keen sense of smell. As he had to remain naked, he was soon uncomfortable. Also, he could not eat, as food was visible until it was fully

assimilated into his system.

At one point, he had run up the steps of a house in order to avoid a unit of a marching Salvation Army band. While he waited, two youngsters spotted the prints of his bare feet in the mud. Soon a crowd of people had gathered to look at the “ghost prints.” He leapt over the railing and ran through a bunch of back roads to avoid the press. Fortunately for him, his escape at that time was aided with the distraction created by

conlagration enguling his former dwelling.

CHAPTER 22. In the Emporium

Grifin explains his irst attempts to get clothing and render his situation more tolerable. He had gone into

27

the Omniums, a large apartment type store where one could buy everything from groceries to clothing. He made his way to an area of bedsteads and mattresses, hoping that once the store closed for the night, he would be able to sleep on the mattresses and steal some clothes with which to mask his condition.

In the night he procured a complete set of clothes for himself, helped himself to food in a refreshment de-

partment, and then slept in a pile of down quilts. He failed to awaken before the morning crew had entered, however, and was unable to escape as long as they could see him. Thus he was forced to shed the clothing and run, naked, back out into the cold.

CHAPTER 23. In Drury Lane

Grifin’s peril increased daily. He had no clothes or shelter and dared not eat. Also, he soon realized that walking through the streets of London was going to result in an accumulation of dirt on his skin- which would make him visible in a grotesque way.He made his way into a costume shop, hoping to make way with some clothes and dark glasses after the proprietor had gone to bed. In the shopkeeper’s room, he had to stand and watch the man eat his breakfast. Furthermore, the man had exceptionally acute hearing and nearly discovered Grifin several times. When evening came, he was inally able to explore the house and found a pile of old clothes. In his excitement, he forgot about the noise he was making and was nearly caught when the shopkeeper investigated the noise. Unable to see the source, but positive someone was in the house, the proprietor went about locking all the doors in the house and pocketing the keys. In desperation, Grifin struck the old man on the head, then gagged and tied him with a sheet. Then he put together a costume of old clothes, stole all the money he could ind and went out into the street.Grifin went to “another place” (which happens to be the Coach & Horses Inn) and demanded a private room, explaining that he was “badly disigured.” Thus he had set himself up at Iping, hoping to ind a way to reverse the process of invisibility. Here he was inally discovered.

CHAPTER 24. The Plan that Failed

Grifin tells how his original plan, after being discovered by the people of Iping, had been to get his books and get out of the country, but that plan had changed upon meeting Kemp. He thinks that Kemp can work with him. Together they can set up a “reign of terror” to take full advantage of the Invisibility. Grifin does not realize that Kemp has already betrayed him and is only trying to keep him talking until the police arrive. Kemp stands in front of the window to keep Grifin from seeing the police, but Grifin soon hears them on the stairs and realizes he has been deceived.Grifin quickly begins to disrobe even as Kemp springs to the door and attempts to lock him in. A dropped key spoils the effort as the now invisible Grifin shoves him aside, then hurls his weight at Colonel Adye, the chief of the Burdock Police who is approaching on the stairs. Grifin escapes past two more policemen in the hall; they hear the front door of the house slam violently.

CHAPTER 25. The Hunting of the Invisible man

Kemp explains the situation to the police, informing them of Grifin’s intentions to cause general mayhem. They talk of using dogs to sniff him out and of putting powdered glass in the streets.

28

CHAPTER 26. The Wicksteed Murder

By 2:00 in the afternoon, the entire countryside around Burdock has been mobilized. Men set out with guns, clubs and dogs, and the police warn the village people to lock their doors and stay inside. Grifin manages to evade his pursuers for a 24-hour period except for one encounter with a middle-aged man who had apparently cornered him. Grifin kills the man by beating him with an iron rod.

CHAPTER 27. The Siege of Kemp’s House

Kemp receives a letter telling him that the Reign of Terror is beginning and that Kemp himself will be the irst execution for the sake of an example. Kemp decides that he himself will be the bait and that Grifin will be caught because he will have gone too far. A knock at the door turns out to be Adye with news that Kemp’s housekeeper-who was carrying notes for the police-had been attacked and the notes taken from her.Grifin makes his presence known by smashing windows in Kemp’s house. During the battle that follows, Adye is shot. Grifin gets inside the house and tries to tell the police to “stand away” as he is after only Kemp. He swings an ax at them, but one of them manages to strike him with an iron poker. By this time Kemp has followed his housekeeper through a window and is nowhere to be found.

CHAPTER 28. The Hunter Hunted

Grifin chases Kemp through the town. People begin to join in the chase. When Kemp realizes that the people are chasing Grifin, he stops running, which allows the Invisible Man to catch him. Even though people cannot see him, they are able to grab hold of him and keep him down. The effort is not needed for long as Grifin has been fatally injured and seems to have lost a lot of blood. As the town people watch, the effect of invisibility is gradually reversed, and soon, Grifin, now dead, is visible.

EPILOGUE

Mr. Marvel, formerly the tramp, has become the landlord of the little inn near Port Stowe and the “owner” of all the information about Grifin. He has been able to keep all the money Grifin stole because lawyers could not identify the sources accurately. The books seem to have disappeared entirely; at least whenever anyone asks Marvel about them, he denies knowing anything. However, when the inn is closed and he is alone, he takes the books out of their hiding place and tries to study the “wonderful secrets.”

CHARACTER ANALYSIS

Grifin

Grifin is the model of science without humanity. He begins his road to decline in college when he becomes so obsessed with his experiments that he hides his work lest anyone else should receive credit. When he runs out of money, he kills his own father-a crime that makes the rest of his crimes pale in comparison.

He goes from scientist to fanatic when he begins to focus all of his attention merely on the concept of invisibility and neglects to think about the consequences of such a condition. He may not have had any intention initially of trying the potion on himself, but the interference of his landlord and prying neigh-

bor lady motivate him to cover his work and remove himself from further confrontation. The evil that he

29

could commit does not occur to him until after he has swallowed the potion and seen the reaction of the

landlord and others. The irony is, that his invisibility is good only for approaching unseen and for getting away. Any gains from his crimes are useless to him. He cannot enjoy any of the normal comforts of life-such as food, clothes, and money. He cannot eat without hiding the action, as the food in his system will render him visible. Clothes, when he is able to wear them, must be used to cover him from head to foot

in order to conceal his real “concealment”--hardly a comfortable state in the heat of the summer. He can steal money, but cannot spend it on his own accord. Thus the condition that would make him invulnerable

also renders him helpless.

In spite of his predicament, Grifin at no time expresses any remorse for his behavior or for the crimes, which he merely describes as “necessary.” His only regret is frustration over not having thought about the drawbacks of invisibility. For nearly a year, he works on trying to perfect an antidote; when time runs out for that activity, he irst tries to leave the country, and then, that plan failing, tries to ind an accomplice for himself so he can enjoy his invisibility and have all the comforts of life as well. He goes from obsession to fanaticism to insanity.

Marvel

Mr. Marvel is the local tramp. He is harmless, eccentric, fat, but not nearly as stupid as Grifin thinks he is. He is smart enough to know when a good thing has happened to him; the stories he tells to the press bring him much attention and sympathy. In the end, he gets to keep all the money Grifin stole, and he contrives on his own to keep the books of Grifin’s experiments. He becomes the owner of an inn as well as the village bard, as it is to him that people come when they want to know the stories of the Invisible Man. In spite of his earlier torment, he is the only one who actually beneits from Grifin’s presence.

Kemp

Kemp is referred to as “the doctor,” but his degree seems to be an academic one rather than a medical one. He continues his own study in hopes of being admitted to “the Royal Fellows.” His own experiments and fascination with science enable him to listen sensibly to Grifin, but in spite of being rather contemptuous of his fellow citizens, his common sense and decency prevent him from being a part of Grifin’s schemes. Kemp is also the only “cool headed” person in the town once the inal attack begins. He runs to escape Grifin, but as soon as Grifin catches him, he has the presence of mind to turn the capture around. He is also the irst to realize that even though Grifin is invisible, he is injured, and, ultimately, dead.

THEMES - THEME ANALYSIS

Corruption of Morals in the Absence of Social Restriction

The narrator uses the Invisible Man to experiment with the depth to which a person can sink when there are no social restrictions to suppress his behavior. When Grifin irst kills his father, he excuses it away by saying that the man was a “sentimental fool.” When he takes the potion himself, he endures such pain that he “understands” why the cat howled so much in the process of becoming invisible. Nevertheless he has no compassion for the cat, for his father or for any of the people he takes advantage of in the course of trying to survive invisibility. On the contrary, he descends from committing atrocities because they are

30

necessary to his survival to committing them simply because he enjoys doing so.This theme of corruption in the absence of social law has become a motif that is explored in other literary works. H. G. Well created his story with very little psychological elaboration or character development. Other writers, however, have taken the idea much farther; we are thus blessed with novels such as Lord of the Flies, and Heart of Darkness, along with short stories by Poe and Melville.

STUDY QUESTIONS -

1.) Why does Mrs. Hall tolerate the Invisible Man as long as she does?

2.) Why do you think Grifin smashes bottles and swears behind the locked door of his room?

3.) How do the speculations of the people in town exemplify human nature?

4.) Which characters have realistic reactions to the Invisible Man? Which ones have unrealistic reactions?

5.) Explain why Teddy Henfry decides the Man is trying to hide something from the police.

6.) What do Huxter’s actions say about him as a member of the town?

7.) At what point is Grifin truly insane?

8.) How do you think you would react if you saw your money disappear in front of you, but couldn’t see who was taking it?

9.) Marvel ends up with all the money because the lawyers couldn’t tell deinitively whom it belonged to. How is this similar to our court systems today?

10.) Marvel is introduced as a tramp and ends up a business owner. How realistic is this? What does it say about Marvel himself?

11.) The big question here: How do you feel about Grifin? Is he a criminal mad scientist who should be killed? Or is he a guy who is trying to work things out, but other people and society keep getting in his way?

12.) Is the ending of this book happy and just? Are you glad when Grifin is killed and Marvel gets to keep all the stolen money? Are you glad that the invisibility formula is hidden from Kemp, who could recreate it?, what would a happy ending to this story according to you?

13.) How do you feel about the chapters where Grifin tells his own story to Kemp? Do they make you sympathize with Grifin? Or does he seem like more of a monster when he casually talks about attacking people and stealing from his father?

14.) Why did Kemp turn out differently than Grifin? After all, they’re both scientists. Is Kemp less

31

isolated than Grifin? Is it simply because Kemp has more money?

15.) How would you react to an invisible man or woman? Do you think the townsfolk in Iping react realistically?

Q. 1. Who said, “I like to be alone and undisturbed.”?

Grifin Dr. Kemp

Thomas Marvel

Colonel Adye

Q.2. Who used “deftly chosen expressions of contempt” to manage employees?

Millie

Mrs. Hall Colonel Adye

Grifin

Q. 3. What happened after the man said, “An invisible man is a man of power”?

He brought rain from the sky. He parted the Red Sea. He brought locusts across the earth. He sneezed.

Q. 4. Who said, “You got a rum un up home!”?

Grifin Teddy

Lennie

Squiggy

Q. 5. Who admitted, “I didn’t rightly hear it”?

Mr. Hall Mrs. Hall Teddy

Colonel Adye

32

Q. 6. How would you describe the invisible man’s social life?

There is always a ball.

He has a few close buddies. His social calendar runneth over. Has has no friends.

Q.7. Which is not a community depicted in this story?

Green Bay

London

Iping Burdock

Q. 8.One of the invisible man’s early problems is

His soccer team is losing. He can’t ind a job. His wife left him. He has no money.

Q. 9. The invisible man cares more about his science than his

Cat

Dog Family

Parrot

Q.10. Which does Kemp choose?

His friend His country The third woman on the right

Q.11. Which is a symbol in our story?

Sound

Sight Taste

Feel

33

Q. 12. When he developed his formula, the invisible man had a

Right Fight Vision

Friend

Q. 13.For Wells, the future means lots of

Science

Art

Linguistics World history

Q.14. In the irst few chapters, the citizens see the world

Through rain Through snow Through sleet Through dim lighting

Q. 15.Which feature does Mrs. Hall notice?

His red eyes His plugged nose His gigantic mouth His shiny teeth

34

SECTION – B

ADVANCED WRITING SKILLS

30 MARKS

NOTICE

Points to remember

1. Write in a box

2. Use formal language

3. Use third person pronoun

4. Stick to the word limit

5. Format includes the word NOTICE (in capital letters), Name of the Institution, Heading and Date

6. Remember to include

a) What is being organised/ held?

b) Who is organizing?

c) Date, time and venue

d) Last date of submission and to whom

e) Agenda to be written, if it is a meeting

7. Name and designation of the person putting up the notice should be written on the bottom left hand corner

Example 1

The Cultural Club of Indian Public School is organising a talent hunt evening. Shubha Mudgal, the eminent vocalist will be the guest of honour. Shaivya , secretary of the Cultural Club drafts a notice to inform the students about the same.

INDIAN PUBLIC SCHOOL

NOTICE

26 May, 2014

TALENT HUNT

35

The Cultural Club is organizing a Talent Hunt on 12 October, 2012 at 6 pm in the School auditorium. The competition will be in two categories: classical and Instrumental. Shubha Mudgal, the eminent vocalist will be the guest of honour. Those interested may give their names to the undersigned by 10 October2012.

Shaivya

Secretary

Cultural Club

Example 2

World Links India is holding a ive-day Cyber camp to train students of class X to XII in internet skills at ABC School, Dhaula Kuan during autumn break. As the Coordinator for World Links, draft a notice to be displayed on the student’s notice board. Invent details.

ABC SCHOOL,DHAULA KUAN

NOTICE

__________________________

A FIVE DAY CYBER CAMP

The __________________________ is holding a _____________________ to train _____________________in internet skills during the autumn break. The details are as follows:

Date:__________

Time__________

Venue:________

Fee:___________

Those interested should give their names to _____________________________by_________________. For more details contact________________________________________________________________.

___________________________

___________________________

CIRCULAR

It is meant for wider circulation

It begins with salutation/forms of address such as Dear members/students/parents/to all the members Cir-cular is similar to Notice in all other respects

ADVERTISMENT

Types

36

1. Classiied 2. Display

Points to remember

1. Rectangular format (to be written in a box) 2. Specify category (Heading as per classiied section of the newspaper) 3. It should not be spread out (to be written in running lines) 4. Information in digital, abbreviated and short forms is acceptable 5. Must have contact address and telephone number at the bottom

6. Need not be in complete sentences

7. Can add email address also

TO LET/PROPERTY/FOR SALE

Points to remember

1. Details of kind of house (lat/plot/independent house) 2. Details of location

3. Details of no. of rooms, kitchen, garage, lawn, etc 4. Use adjectives like airy, furnished, newly built, itted with modern gadgets 5. In case of To Let mention monthly/annual rent

6. For sale, mention approximate cost/or mention price negotiable 7. Give contact address, telephone no., email etc.

Example

Amit Trivedi of 86, Green Park, Delhi wants to sell his lat as he is going abroad. Draft an advertisement to be published in The Times of India under the classiied column.

MISSING PERSON

Points to remember

1. Name, age, sex of child/person 2. Date since missing 3. Built, height other physical features

PROPERTY FOR SALE

Available for sale MIG lat, 2 BHK, spacious rooms, attached toilets, 2 balconies, semi-furnished, park facing, in a society with 24X7 electricity and water supply, ample parking space, reasonably priced. Contact: Amit Trivedi, 98765*****

37

4. Complexion, colour of hair, eyes 5. Specify when and where last seen and in which clothes

6. Any particular identiication mark 7. Mention reward

8. Give contact details

FOR SALE- Goods

Points to remember

1. Item name, brand name and year of manufacturing 2. General condition

3. Expected price 4. May give reason for sale 5. Give contact details

FOR SALE-Vehicles

Points to remember

1. Model no., year of manufacturing, mileage, colour 2. Single hand driven, good condition, may invite for test drive 3. Accessories (new seat covers, new mats, stereo, centre/gear, lock etc) 4. Papers and insurance details

5. Approximate price

SITUATION WANTED

Points to remember

1. Available (full time/part time job), name of the post, specialisation 2. Experience 3. Minimum salary expected 4. Contact details

SITUATION VACANT

Points to remember

1. Name of post being advertised, company’s name 2. Educational qualiications and experience required 3. Nature of job/job demands (desirable knowledge of computers, spoken English)

38

4. Personality requisites (smart, pleasing) 5. Time limit within which to apply

6. Salary offered and contact address

Example

QSS Paints Pvt Ltd, Delhi needs marketing executives. As manager of the company, draft an advertisement to be published in the classiied advertisement section of the newspaper.

POSTERS

Points to remember

1. To be written in a box2. Must be eye catching3. Use slogan, jingle etc.4. Use simple drawing/illustrations5. Use different fonts

6. Write name of the issuing authority (below a line)7. Mention organised by/issued by/conducted by/sponsored by etc.

SITUATION VACANT

QSS Paints Pvt Ltd, Delhi requires 5 marketing executives, young dynamic, male/female, 24-27 years fresh graduates, with excellent communication skills. Salary no constraint for deserving and hard working candidates. Send a detailed resume within a week to Manager HRD at qsspaints@gmail.com

39

FORMAL INVITATION

Points to remember

1. To be written in third person

2. Use of abbreviations not allowed

3. Centre aligned 4. No punctuation at the end of the lines

5. Single sentence to be used 6. In R.S.V.P write the address and tel.no at which invitee may contact for queries.

7. In oficial invitation, mention speciic time by which guests are to be seated. Also mention the name of the Chief Guest and programme details 8. Can write ‘Valid for 2 only’ at the end {optional} 9. Some information can be highlighted 10. Must be in a box

INFORMAL INVITATION

Points to remember

1. Use irst person 2. Do not end with R.S.V.P.

3. To be written in letter form

4. Use warm and personal language 5. Begin with Dear ______ 6. Start directly with invitation eg. you are cordially invited to____ 7. End with ‘Yours sincerely’ (Write yours without apostrophe ‘)

Mr. And Mrs. S.P. Jainrequest the pleasure of the company of

Ravi Das

to celebrate the successof their sonSiddharth Jain

in Civil Service Examination 2014at

6:30 p.m. on

18 August 2014 at

their residence

27 Jigar Colony R.S.V.PChandigarh 236-4566778

Hosts

Guest

Occasion

Date, time, venue

Address Contact details

40

ACCEPTING THE INVITATION DECLINING THE INVITATION

REPLYING TO FORMAL INVITATION

Sender of reply

Sender of reply

Hosts

Hosts

Occasion

Occasion

Ravi Das thanks Mr. and Mrs. S.C.Jain for inviting

him in the party to celebrate the success of their

son. He is delighted to accept the invitation.

Ravi Das thanks Mr. and Mrs. S.C. Jain for invit-

ing him in the party to celebrate the success of

their son but he regrets his inability to accept the

same due to a prior engagement.on.

ACCEPTING THE INVITATION

DECLINING THE INVITATION

Expressing gratitude

Expressing gratitude

Accepting invitation

Declining invitationReason for not attending

Example

Mr. And Mrs. S.P. Jain of 27, Jigar Colony, Chandigarh have decided to have a party to celebrate the success of their son Siddharth Jain in Civil Services 2012. Drat an informal invitation including all the necessary details.

41

Date

Date

Salutation

Salutation

Sender’s address

Sender’s address

Body including∆ Occasion∆ Time∆ Date∆ venue

Body including∆ Occasion∆ Time∆ Date∆ venue

Complimentary close

Complimentary close and name

27, Jigar Colony,Chandigarh

18 July 2014 Dear Ravi Das

We have much pleasure in inviting you to the party to celebrate our son, Siddharth’s success in the Civil Services Exam 2014 on July 25, 2014 at 6:30 pm at our residence.

We very much hope you will join us.

Yours sincerelyMr. and Mrs. Jain

18,New JungPura,New Delhi

20 July 2014

Dear Mr. Jain

hank you for your kind invitation. Please accept my heartfelt congratulations on your son’s bright success. I will be attending the party on 25 July 2014 at 6:30 pm at your residence.

With warm wishesYours sincerelyRavi Das

REPLY-ACCEPTING THE INVITATION

42

Date

Salutation

Sender’s address

Body including∆ Occasion∆ Time∆ Date∆ venue

Complimentary close and name

18,New JungPura,New Delhi

20 July 2014

Dear Mr. Jain

hank you for your kind invitation. Please accept my heartfelt congratulations on your son’s bright success. I regret that ow-ing to a pre engagement I will not be able to attend the party on 25 July 2014 at 6:30 pm at your residence.

With warm wishesYours sincerelyRavi Das

REPLY-DECLINING THE INVITATION

LETTER WRITING

How to write effective business correspondence?

Business letters serve two main purposes:

1. First, they open the lines of communication to help you receive a desirable response,

whether it’s solving a problem, making arrangements, or seeking information. 2. They serve as oficial records of correspondence, so that you can strengthen your case, if need be, with physical proof.

Follow a few simple rules in order to write effective business letters

1. Get to the point! State your reason for writing in your irst paragraph and stay on track 2. Always include speciics that will help ease the recipient’s task. For instance, if you are writing to a bank, mention your account number

3. If you refer to other correspondence, mention those by date, check number, etc.

4. Include copies whenever possible

5. Gently and respectfully direct the recipient’s course of action 6. Always be courteous! Even if you are frustrated or angry, it will beneit you more to maintain a cool, calm approach.

43

JOB APPLICATION

Points to remember

1. Use polite and courteous language 2. Do not use abbreviations

3. Prefer using short sentences 4. Give a list of enclosures

5. Enclose bio-data separately or give a write up within the application

LETTER TO EDITOR

Points to remember

1. Begin with the statement of the problem 2. Mention the results/trouble resulting from the problem 3. Give a list of the probable causes

4. Also provide suggestions to combat the problem 5. Do not ask the editor to take the action…..the letter is to draw the attention of the concerned au

thorities towards a problem.

PLACING AN ORDER

Points to remember

1. Mention the speciications of the items required 2. Ask for quality product

3. Request for a discount

4. Ensure that the company takes care of proper packing delivery 5. Mention that the order may be cancelled if not delivered in time or items not found satisfactory.

Sample Letter 1

You are Riya / Surya living in Bangalore. You and your friends are planning a weeklong holiday. You come across the following advertisement. Select a description of your choice. Write a letter making nec-

essary enquiries from the tour operator before you make your inal decision.

This winter ill your holiday with endless fun and thrill

We offer exciting domestic and International holiday packages for

Individuals as well as groups.

Exotic Malaysia with Singapore and Star Cruise

10 nights / 11 days: Rs. 54,000/

Magical Singapore

44

5 nights / 6 days: Rs. 14,999/-

Bangkok, Pattaya + Kul + GentIag Singapore

11 days: Rs. 32,999/7 nights / 8 days: Rs. 67,000/-

Best of Nepal

3 nights / 4 days: Rs. 3,333/-

Exotic Goa

5 nights in a 5 Star Hotel: Rs. 7,999/-

For more details write to us or visit our website: www.sewanathholldays.com

Or write to us at: Sewa Nath Worldwide Holidays, 12.A, Kailash Building, Goverdhan

Road, City Centre, Malegaon

Answer:

Mahatma Gandhi Road

Bangalore

18 May, 2014

Sewa Nath Worldwide Holidays123-A, Kailash Building Goverdhan Road

City Centre

Malegaon

Subject: Enquiry about Exotic Malaysia with Singapore and Star Cruise

Sir

This has reference to your advertisement in ‘The Hindustan Times’ dated 28th November 2Oxx about winter holiday tours.

We are a group of ten friends who would like to go on Exotic tour of Malaysia with Singapore and Star Cruise as advertised by you starting 15th December. Kindly send me details about accommodation and travel arrangements and whether the quote rate is inclusive of’ everything. Do you offer any discount to group bookings? Another thing, please let me know the necessary immigration formalities and whether they will be fulilled by you on our behalf. Could you please arrange a short presentation on an absolutely no-obligation basis?

Looking forward to a prompt reply.

45

Yours truly

Riya

Sample Letter 2

D.A.V. PUBLIC SCHOOL, Noida, Requires a competent P.G.T. in English, M.A., B.Ed, from a rec-

ognised University with second division, Minimum 5 year’s experience of teaching +2 classes. Fluency in spoken English is a pre-requisite. Pay scale as per Government Grade. Apply within seven days with complete bio data.

Answer:

54, Jor BaghNew Delhi – 110001

23 May 2014

The Principal

D.A.V. Public School

Noida

Subject: Application for the post of a P.G.T. in English

Sir

In response to your advertisement in ‘The Times of India’ dated September 10, I wish to offer my services for the post of P.G.T. in English in your prestigious institution. I am a hardworking and honest person, who is passionate about the noble vocation of teaching. I wish to make a difference in the lives of people through education. I am enclosing my bio-data herewith for your ready reference. I shall be available for an interview on any day of your convenience.

If selected, I assure you that I shall work with utmost devotion and sincerity to your full satisfac-

tion. Hoping for a favourable response.

Yours faithfully

RAGINI

Encl.: Bio-Data and Testimonials.

BlO-DATA

Name : Ragini Sharma

Husband’s Name : Raj Sharma

46

Address : 10, Lok Vihar, Delhi

Age : 28 years

Nationality : Indian

Academic Qualiication :

Name of Exam Board/University Subjects taken Year of Passing Percentage

M.A. (English) Meerut University, UP

English, Pol. Sc., History

2002 62%

B.Ed. Annamalai Uni-versity, Annamalai

English 2000 70%

B.A. University of Delhi English (Hons.) 1998 68%

Experience:

Name of Institution Post held From To

Netaji Public School, Delhi

P.G.T. English 2003 2012

Hobbies : Reading, TravelingReferences

1. Mr.C.K. Mehta, Principal,

Arya College for Women, Sonepat Phone: 2724---------.

2. Dr. Sunil Kapoor

12, Patel Nagar Phone: 246---------------.

Sample Letter 3

Madurai University, Palkala Nagar, Chennai, offers different courses of studies through correspondence. Write to the Director, Institute of Correspondence Courses and Continuing Education, Chennai Universty requesting him to send you the prospectus. (Word Limit: 200 Words).

Answer

M G Road

Chennai

10 May, 2014

The Director

Correspondence Courses & Continuing Education

47

Chennai University

Chennai

Subject: Request to send prospectus

Sir

Please refer to your admission notiication published in ‘The Indian Express’ dated September 08, 2Oxx regarding various correspondence courses offered by your university. I passed my BA examination from Bombay University in 2Oxx with History and Political Science as the elective subjects. I secured 56.25 percent marks in the aggregate.

Kindly let me know if I am eligible for the one year Diploma Course I wish to join. You are requested to send me a copy of the prospectus. I am enclosing herewith a self addressed stamped envelope and a demand draft of Rs. 200/- for this purpose.

Yours faithfully

Mohan Rakesh

Sample Letter 4

The government has banned the use of loud speakers, but this nuisance continues and disturbs you in your studies. Make a complaint to the Police Inspector of your area. (Word Limit 200 Words).

Answer:

84 Kotla Mubarakpur

New Delhi – 110003

18 May, 2014

The Station House OficerPolice Station

Prem NagarDelhi

Subject: Continued Nuisance of Loud Speakers

48

Sir

The government has banned the use of loud speakers especially at night. But it is a pity that the ban imposed by the government is being louted in our city day in and day out.

The blaring sound of loud speakers continues pretty late through the night. The religious places are the worst sinners in this respect. As a result people cannot get peaceful sleep during the night. Students can hardly study. Many times the people have approached the users of the loud speakers but to no avail. They

do not pay any heed to their request.

You are, therefore, requested to implement the ban order strictly. The louters of the ban should be booked so that this nuisance can be checked effectively.

I hope you will take necessary steps to control this nuisance. The student community of this locality will

be grateful to you.

Yours faithfully

Supriya Luthra

Sample Letter 5

Write a letter to the Editor of a newspaper appealing to the general public for contribution to the Chief Minister’s drought Relief Fund. (Word Limit: 200 Words).

Answer:

B5, AndrewsganjNew Delhi-110049

12 May 2014

The Editor

The Hindustan TimesDelhi

Sir

Subject: Appeal for Contributions to the Chief Minister’s Relief Fund.

49

Through the columns of your paper, I wish to appeal to the general public for generous contribution to the Chief Minister’s Drought Relief Fund.

The State is experiencing a severe drought this year. The extent of damage can be assessed by touring the state. At some places there have been no rains for the last two or three years. The land is parched and

dry. People have no water to drink and no food to eat. Cattle is dying of hunger and thirst on their lips. Not even a blade of grass is seen at most places. People are leeing from their homes in search of food and water.

The authorities are doing their best. New wells are being dug up. Food and grains are being rushed to these places. Medicines are also being provided to the people. But it is not enough. The problem cannot be tackled at the government level alone. Generous people should come forward.

Through this column, I make an earnest appeal to the general public to contribute liberally to the Drought Relief Fund.

Yours truly

Prateek Sahi

Sample Letter 6

You are Priyanka Yadav, furniture incharge, St. Mark’s School, Delhi. Place an order for your School. Write a letter to Mehta and Bhatia Co., Furniture Manufacturer, Delhi.

Answer:

St. Mark’s SchoolNew Delhi

15 May 2014

The ManagerM/s Mehta & Bhatia Co.Furniture Manufacturers

Delhi

Subject: Supply of School furniture

50

Dear Sir

On behalf of the Principal, St. Mark’s School, I place an order for the supply of following items of school furniture:

1. Chairs (Wooden) - 50 Pieces

2. Chairs (Steel) - 50 Pieces

3. Teachers Tables - 15 Pieces

4. Science Lab. Table - 20 Pieces

5. Dual Desk - 50 Pieces

6. Stool (Wooden) - 20 Pieces

7. Dustbins - 30 Pieces

8. Tray (Steel) - 10 Pieces

We urgently require the above items. I would be thankful if the supply is made at your earliest. All the items should be as per the speciications mentioned in your quotation.

Send the bill separately. Payment will be made through a Demand Draft in favour of the irm within a fortnight after receiving the items.

Yours sincerely

Priyanka Yadav

Writing Articles/Speeches/Debates

The written word still rules. “The pen is mightier than the sword” is not a cliché. Such power and strength exudes from the writer’s pen to ignite millions and millions of minds. As a skill, writing long compositions like articles and essays and speeches has to be nurtured with sustained guidance and practice. It is a matter for concern that preparation and practice for article writing is often neglected and taken for granted; the general feeling is “Students will write something” or that “It can’t be taught; students will have to practice themselves”. Many hours are spent on teaching how to write advertisements, letters, reports, but when it comes to article writing teachers declare “it comes only by practice, so practice.” The result: long com-

positions that are just a jumble of sentences, that either fall short of or exceed the word limit, with very poor organization of ideas, lacking in content and full of irrelevant matter, repetitions and inaccuracies of language. The speed with which we ‘order’ for articles by students does not give the time and background needed for meaningful thought process and powerful expression. True, that in the exam situation there is not much time to do elaborate thinking and writing. But it should also be realized that the objective of testing this skill will be fulilled only if the output conforms to the format and content shows organization of ideas through appropriate expression. Hence it becomes the responsibility of the teacher to train and

51

develop in students habits of focused thinking and choosing the right expression from their vocabulary through constant practice. Article writing hence cannot be left to done haphazardly. There is certainly a need to plan for activities, to guide the students through practice sessions for writing long compositions, get their inal draft and assess them as per examination standards.

Role of the teacher:---

1. Plan activities to take the students through the process of writing so that students get suficient op-

portunities to practice the different stages of writing long compositions

2. Prepare / design a set of simple clear instructions about what is expected and how it should be pre-

sented (format, word limit, paragraphs etc)

3. Things to be included as part of the plan: Students’ involvement/interaction preferably- in groups- to provide feedback /reviews and opportunities for critical analysis for rewriting.

Surely this demands more time than the traditional method of ‘giving the topic’ to the children and asking them to write anything on the topic. However conscious grooming in the initial stages is necessary. A minimum of two to three articles per term should be taken up in a detailed manner. The teacher should

irst think that this is important. In the light of the weightage given to article/speech writing in the Board exam (as per the recent notiication by the CBSE which says 20 marks have been allotted for these long compositions) it is high time our teachers have a clear idea of the objective, the process and the assessment standards of these questions. Besides, it is the only area where Higher Order Thinking skills are also tested.

How to generate Ideas:-

Brainstorm individually or in groups for ideas. This is well done by announcing an interesting ar-gumentative topic and also contribute some points along with the students may be guiding them! (Write the ideas on the Black board and cancel the repetitions and group the similar points, list the sub-points. Mark the points that may serve as introduction and as conclusion. Then prioritize the most important points to it the word limit). (Activity No. 1)

Try introducing unusual ; instead of the usual “Advantages of Early rising” get the students to think on “In Defence of Late Rising”-this will relate to them directly and they will open up for other ‘different ‘ topics. (Activity No.2)

Topics close to student’s life, experiences, provide authentic matter and hence generation of thoughts and expression through words are easy. For class room discussions and brainstorming try to utilize these real life experiences; the class will have maximum student participation. For example tell them the school is planning to change the school timings; there will deinitely be a group to take it and one to oppose it. Ask them to campaign for their side and then go for voting. Once they take active interest in the discussions, insist on the use of ‘only English’. Give patient ears to both and declare the majority and give a neutral conclusion. Now ask them to write their own views and those which were discussed in class in an article form. If the material is intended for debate, ask them

write on only their stand (Activity No 3)(More topics suggested)

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Forming opinions and applying critical thinking are very essential for writing articles. Here is another easy way to get students engaged to thinking : Give an issue/topic and do the PNI-positive, negative & interesting with the students; start with the easy, familiar issues. Example: “Students being given Home work” (Activity 4)

Positive Negative Interesting

Prepare the grid like the one given below and ask students to group points inside each grid under Advantages and Disadvantages or positive and negative and neutral. The ‘neutral’ ones form ma-

terial for Introduction and conclusion and the other groups are the matter for the body of the article/speech/debate. Let them say at least one sentence in defence of any one of the points they think is

very true/important. Then ask them to compile the points and discussion into an article or speech or

debate. (Activity No.5)

Mobiles phones

are no more

a luxury but necessity

Students are

well connected

with their friends

through their mobiles

Many carry them

with their parents’ permission

Parents worry

about where their

children are, has

lessened

It has been the

cause for many

road accidents

Simple

calculations by

mobile save time

It serves as

immediate

reference

Mobile phones

have been banned

for students

Rules must be

followed

It is an added

expenditure for the parents

The camera and

the recorder

functions are

misused

Big distraction; students either

listen/speak or

keep texting

No need to carry

the dictionary

The more time

they keep it close

to their ears, the

more damage is caused to the

nervous system

There are class

rooms when

mobiles have

become a

teaching aid

The mobile

phone is a marvel

of science and

technology

The alarm and

timer functions

help in managing time well

It has robbed the

peace of mind; one gets calls even when he is

attending some-

thing important

Let’s use it with discretion

It is a status

symbol

There is always

the fear and

anxiety of losing it

Its another head

ache for the

school ofice to collect and later

return

A very good time- pass

because you can

play games

Bad for the eyes It has been a tool

for cheating in exams

In order to cater to ‘visually smart’ students, visuals-photos, pictures cartoon can be used to generate ideas. Magazines and newspapers have very powerful visuals and cartoons on topics like corruption, environmental degradation, women safety/ gender discrimination, child labour etc. For the creative

53

teacher the sky is the limit. (Activity No 6) (Sample pictures for effects of pollution given). On the other hand the teacher can generate diagrams, lowcharts and tables/graphs and use them as visual clues. Visuals surely speak better than words.

Authentic material can also be prepared by students by doing some mini research or accessing for information through technology. But it should not be plagiarized. For example students can conduct surveys, interviews or get reports from other people and then attempt their long composition. (Exam-

ple: Conduct a mini survey of how many students stay far off from school and what problems they

face in the mornings as they come to school; are the public transport safe for them? Then they can attempt an article on “Delhi’s Roads-Unsafe for children” or “Need for safe transport for students’)(Activity 7)

We all know that more than simple facts, issue-based discussions get better responses from students; to provide input support, the teacher may even plan a short role play based on issues; for example recently the news papers were abound with reports about lack of maintenance of public parks and

how the Supreme Court of India was very critical of the issue. This could be well brought out in the form of a role play and then a discussion might follow. The students interest will be sustained for a long time and hence the output would also be authentic.

(Activity 8)

Once students get involved in the discussion and the writing process, the next stage would be to discuss the format and structure from the exam point of view. The best way to

teach them how to ‘structure’ their ideas/expressions is to give them a sample article and ask them to deconstruct it. Let them discuss in groups the structure- that it has an introduction which follows the title and proceeds with the body and ends with a conclusion; the body may further be divided into paragraphs which may have a pattern cause-effect/reason result etc. (Activity 9)(One sample article is attached along with activity questions)

The paragraphs are not separate in an article. The transitions and links are very important. Students must be familiar with some linkers/connectors. Some of the linkers are

“Let us explore the reasons”, “that leads us to the next point”, “As a result”, “in conclusion”,

“At the outset”, “First of all”, “one of the solutions could be…”, “however..”, “Thus”, “There-

fore/Hence”, “evidently”, etc…Even short questions can be used. “So What we as youngsters

are doing about it?”, “How can we solve these problems?”, “ Shall we analyse the reasons/ the

effects/impact of….?” The best way to familiarize students with these linkers that make the article cohesive and cogent is to make students use them under your supervision. How to go about it? Well, write them on the board or list them on the chart; Give them paragraphs that are not connected with these linkers; ask students to choose the suitable linkers and use them. Teachers need not give the full article; a few lines –like the beginning and end of the paragraphs- may also serve the purpose. (Activity No. 10 ; Use the same article used for Activity 9 ; ask students to use the suitable linkers)

How is speech/debate writing different from article writing?:

While the content /topics and assessing standards remain the same, in speech one has to include expressions of pre speech salutations to draw the attention; one also has to announce the topic given. The introduction

54

may have the objective of the speech and the rest will be treated in the same manner as article. While concluding one has to thank the audience.

For the debate the content should be interspersed references, quotes, words and ideas ideas of the speakers

of the ‘other ‘ team just to oppose their views. One may also oppose point wise.

Structure of an article

Appropriate Title followed by writer’s name

Introduction: Establishing the context given in the input/question

Body: Detailed exposure to the points with reasons results, effects

Body: Writer’s opinion, suggestions, comments for solution or course of

action

Conclusion : positive ,

optimistic

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Structure of a speech:

Topic followed by

Speech by_________

Pre-speech

Expressions/salutations and announcement of the topic Introduction: Establishing the context given in the input/question & the

objectives of the speech

Body: exposure to the points with reasons, results, substantiated with references

(arguments for /against in case of a debate)

Suggestions, for solution or course of action

Conclusion : Summing up of it hii

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Some of the Topics for article/ speech writing: Wherever needed the title can be rephrased/shortened

1. The more we depend on technology, the less we use our thinking abilities.

2. The whole country should have only one curriculum to follow; common entrance exam for profes-

sional courses.

3. NCC training should be compulsory in all schools.

4. Community service once a week should be introduced in all schools and should be graded

5. We should keep tourists off in some areas of our hills to preserve ecological balance.

6. Self defense should be compulsory for girls

7. There should be power outage/shedding for 1 hour daily in all parts of the country throughout the year

8. In any ield, those in power should step down after 5 years.

9. As a country with over-the-billion population, we should be having more number of sports persons

10. Reserve Bank’s decision to make students operate their bank accounts may have dire consequences.

Local issues/school issues that may be of interest to students:

1. The School council/student representatives(Head Boy/Head Girl and other ofice bearers) should have a say in all important matters related to school.

2. There must be a school canteen in all schools selling food at subsidized rates

3. The School should spend more money on technology for study purpose

4. Every student should be given free laptop/tablet for study purpose

5. The library should have TV& audio facility

6. The School should appoint more coaches/teachers for games and sports

7. There should be school bus facility in all schools.

8. All Saturdays should be holidays too

9. There must be more choice of subjects in schools

10. Dramatics should be a subject taught in schools.

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Visual inputs for Causes and effects of environmental pollution (Activity 6)

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Rubrics for assessing an article

Criteria Poor0

Fair½

Good01

Format 01Heading /TitleWriter’s name

Heading of the article does not existHeading unconnected to the topic given.

Title without writer’s name

Heading is correct; writ-er’s name is also men-tioned

Format 01Heading /TitleWriter’s name

Heading of the article does not existHeading unconnected to the topic given.

Title without writer’s name

Heading is correct; writ-er’s name is also men-tioned

Content –Main points 02 (Content Covers Main points + organization)

Poor 0-½

Content does not exhibit a good under-standing of the main points.

Fair ½ -1&1/2

Content exhibits some understanding of the major points .

Good 02

Content exhibits a good understanding of the main points

Organization/Structure 02 pts

Poor 0-1/2

he article is not organized. Contains a few of the main points haphazardly put

Fair 1-1&1/2

he article is mostly organized. Para breaks are mostly justiied/para breaks in some parts missing

Good 02

he article is organized, using transitions between paragraphs. Follows a proper structure, Para breaks at the right places

Expression 05

Fluency/Style 2 &1/2

Poor 0-1/2

shows poor control over vocabulary; too many repetitions; in many places choice words inappropriate

Fair 01-2

Repetitions in some places; Words/expres-sions mostly appropri-ate; shows some com-mand over vocabulary

Good 2&1/2

Shows good control over vocabulary; choice of words and expressions appropriate; made use of synonyms to avoid repe-titions

Accuracy

Grammar 2&1/2

Poor 0-1/2

Contains many gram-matical errors and punctuation errors.

Fair 1-2

Contains more than 3 spelling errors, gram-matical, punctuation errors.

Good 2&1/2

Contains no spelling grammatical errors and punctuation errors.

Note: This is just to help those teachers who ind it dificult to assess students’ articles objectively. Teachers may give this to students or display it in the class so that students know what is expected. Teachers should also encourage originality, innovative ideas, good expression, research and neat handwriting and may allot some marks for these also during practice sessions though not during summative assessment.

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Sample article for Activity 9 & 10

Today thousands of children in India are in the habit of eating junk food without giving it much thought. The trend is catching up even in villages. “Junk food” refers to foods that are relatively high in caloric content, but low in nutritional value. A few examples of foods often considered to be junk food include fast food, sweets such as ice cream, candy, soda, and potato chips, among many others.

Junk food is addictive to people just like nicotine. So for obese people, junk food can trigger the same response in the brain as people addicted to nicotine or any other drug. Although junk food is convenient and delicious, eating excessive junk food can have serious negative effects on people, young or old alike. People who eat a lot of junk food tend to gain weight quickly. This extra weight raises cholesterol and blood pressure contributing to heart disease and also to diabetes. Obese people cannot play or enjoy itness and this vicious cycle goes on and on.

All schools should make conscious efforts to promote healthy food and avoid junk food. This will lead to better lifestyle. The mid-day-meal system is a good step; healthy food should be available to all school children free or on subsidized rates. Also, kids can protest against junk food selling companies. Surely it is time for action; to avoid junk food and stay healthy.

• What could be the appropriate title ? Where would you write it? • Is the author’s name there?

• What does the irst paragraph do? If you start the article with second paragraph does it start abruptly?

• Which of the paragraphs is directly connected to the title? • Is the last paragraph placed at the right spot? Can we interchange if with other paragraphs?

Why? Why not? • Is there a positive conclusion to the article? Where?

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English Core Class XII

Value Based Questions ( Flamingo)

1. Little Franz is shocked to know that French would no longer be taught in his school. What, according to you, is the importance of language for the people of a country? Do you think that we are forgetting to take pride in our National language or our mother tongue?

2. “That’s the trouble with Alsace. She puts off learning till tomorrow”, said M.Hamel. Most of the people have a habit of delaying their work due to which their performance suffers. What is the signiicance of doing timely work.

3. M Hamel is choked with emotions and ends his class by writing ’Vive la France’ on the board. Write a short article on the topic ‘Patriotic Feeling Binds the People of a Nation‘.

4. ‘Children in Seemapuri are partners in survival’. Unfortunately, child labour is still prevalent in our country. Give suggestions on how to combat this problem.

5. Family of Mukesh is caught in the web of poverty. Do you think education can bring about a change in their perpetual state of poverty? Elucidate.

6. There are many bangle makers who have not enjoyed even ‘one full meal’ in their lives, whereas, you can see many people wasting food. How can the divide between the rich and the poor be bridged?

7. ‘All we have to fear is fear itself’, said Roosevelt. Write a short speech for your school assembly, highlighting the importance of strong will to achieve anything you desire in life.

8. A big bruiser of a boy ducked Douglas into the deep end of the pool which could have led to his death. Problem of bullying and ragging persists in many teenage groups. Quoting examples from the text, discuss the problem of Bullying and its effects on the victims. Also, suggest ways how to deal with such issues.

9. With his strong determination, Douglas is able to defeat his deep rooted fear and emerge victorious. Write a short article on the topic, ‘Where there is a will, there is a way’.

10. Edla Willmanson is able to bring about a transformation in the peddler because of her kindness and faith in him. Discuss how generosity and kindness can bring about a positive change in a person.

11. Lack of love and kindness can lead to negativity and skepticism in life. Citing examples from the chapter ‘The Rattrap’, explain how human bonding can help you change the negative outlook towards life.

12. Just like the rattrap seller was transformed because of the kindness shown by Edla Willmansion, do

you think that the juveniles can be transformed with this kind of a corrective measure? Write a short paragraph on the topic, ‘Reformation is better than Condemnation.’

13. Gandhiji was ready to go to jail for the sake of the poor indigo farmers. Citing examples from the text,

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write a short speech to be delivered on the occasion of the Investiture Ceremony of your school on

the topic ‘Good leaders are the ones who lead by example’.

14. Though Rajkumar Shukla was an illiterate peasant, he was resolute and was able to bring about a change in the lives of the people of Champaran. Taking hints from the text, write an article on the topic, ‘Grit and Determination can take you a long way’.

15. ‘The cause is just and you must rely upon yourselves to win the battle’, said Gandhiji. Do you think we all must ight the social problems prevalent in our society courageously the way our great leader did? Elucidate.

16. Sophie lived in her own world of fantasy. Write a short article on ‘The Pros and Cons of the Teenage World of Imagination’.

17. Taking hints from the chapter ‘Going Places’, write a paragraph on the topic, ‘Teenage fantasizing can lead to a distorted world view’.

Reference to Daney Cassey in the chapter ‘Going Places’ is a classic example of hero worship. He rules the hearts of every character mentioned in the text. Based on your reading of the chapter, write a short paragraph on ‘Sports - An Integral Part of Our Lives’.

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SAMPLE PAPER (2014-15)

ENGLISH CORE - CLASS XII

Time allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 100

SECTION A

READING 30 Marks

1. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (12 marks)

Much of India’s lawmaking process has been outside the scrutiny of ordinary people. They are not framed by legislators or even senior bureaucrats but are often drafts prepared by babus. Sometimes, powerful business interests inluence these laws (like the Special Economic Zone Act) and then they are passed in Parliament with little or no discussion. Sometimes, a popular public demand enters the

discourse of a political party and takes the shape of policy and legislation. However, the desire of citizens to participate in the framing of law and policy has intensiied over the years, and their voice needs to be included in democratic decision making.

With growing interest in governance, citizens may suggest policy and legislation and such deliberations will only strengthen constitutional processes. Actual consultation on draft legislation and policy require detailed discussion of the principles, framework and formulation of speciics. These consultations will provoke multiple views and it is important for the institutional framework to assimilate and consider

them.

Any group placing its views in the public domain cannot claim total representation. There will be criticism and those need to be resolved. However, assemblies of people can only support the need for legislation. Surveys and votes by raising hands are important to register support for the general idea but cannot be the basis for detailed drafting of a law and its constituent parts.

The principles and framework of any legislation must be debated and the erroneous conclusion that any difference of opinion is tantamount to mala ide intent needs to be questioned. It is in any case only of peripheral importance, as the issues themselves need to be addressed. This applies to laws

made both by the formal and informal structures.

Many democracies in the world already have started placing policy and draft laws in the public domain before they are sent to the government, cabinet and then Parliament. The deliberative consultative process is for everyone but focuses more on people who are most affected by the legislation. The policy and the sharing of frameworks are followed by a draft of the bill itself. All this is done within a timeframe. The nascent process of participation of citizens in shaping legislation in the last two decades will ind systemic space and democratic credibility.

Today, Lokpal has become a phrase, a concept and almost a passion. But that apart, the unpackaging of the concept and the understanding of the Bill, and its legal and administrative mechanisms are restricted to a few civil society and government groups. It is time for the interested groups to build a

63

constituency of concerned people who will steer democracy in consonance with constitutional rights. What we need is a well-argued critique of the way we want change.

People must have the space to mobilise and protest; it is a constitutional right. But different processes need different platforms. The argument against corruption will stand or fall, not on the volume of our protest alone, but on the rigour of our proposals.

What we need is a transparent pre-legislative process within the democratic framework. It is important that the pre-legislative process is evolved and shaped in a synergetic manner. If it is properly institution-

alised, it will not impinge on executive or legislative privilege. There should be a response to citizens’ desire to participate in framing legislation by creating platforms for institutionalised participation to deepen democratic processes.

1. Select the correct option from the ones given below. (4)

(a) The author strongly supports the stand that any legislation must be subjected to wide :–

i) publicity

ii) superman’s supervision iii) public debate

iv) scathing criticism

(b) India’s law making process is generally not within the purview of :–

i) judiciary’s review ii) public scrutiny

iii) politician’s power iv) parliament’s power

(c) Democracy needs to be steered in consonance

i) citizens’ rights ii) constitutional rights iii) right to vote iv) right to education

(d) Citizens should be involved in

i) selection of ministers

ii) framing of government rules iii) framing of legislation iv) parliamentary affairs

B. Answer the following questions briely. (6) a) Describe the term ‘Civil Society’.

64

b) How is India’s law-making process framed? c) What are the two ways to register support for drafting a law? d) How does public participation affect government?

e) How are policies and draft laws placed by other democracies in the world?

f) How can we ight corruption in an organised manner?

C. Look for words similar in meaning to :–(2)

i) law making

ii) limited

2. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (10 marks)

Soon after 1999 ire in Shahjahanabad, orders came for the chemical traders to move out to Holambi Kalan, near Narela Industrial Area on the city’s northwestern periphery. In 2006, even the paper mer-chants of Chawri Bazaar got an ultimatum to relocate to Ghazipur due to ire safety concerns. But so far, not a single chemical or paper trader has moved out of the tider box, that is Old Delhi.

Why? Traders say the conditions at the new sites are not conducive for business. For instance, paper merchants say, the Integrated Freight complex (IFC), Ghazipur, where they are supposed to move has poor infrastructure and inadequate security. So, ive years after Delhi Development Authority allotted plots to 621 traders, they continue to operate out of Chawri Bazaar and only 250 odd have started construction in Ghazipur.

Chemical traders, too, are resisting relocation to Holambi Kalan for similar reasons. “The place is a jungle. There are no roads, streetlights, water pipelines, sewerage and security. Most of us don’t even know which piece of land belongs to us. Land has been transferred only on paper,” said Shy-

am Sunder Gupta, general secretary, Chemical Market Association. So far, plots have been allotted to 639 of the 883 chemical traders found eligible in the 1999 survey.

For traders who feel secure amidst old associates and the tightly packed warrens of these old mar-kets, a move to the spacious new sites seems fraught with risk. “Traders keep lakhs of rupees with them. At least nobody can rob us of our hard earned money here,” said Pradeep, a, chemical mer-chant. “There are no arrangements for security (at the new sites). In our warehouses, we have goods worth lakhs of rupees. How can we leave them there,” said Prem Prakash, who paid Rs. 161akh for a 98sqm plot in Ghazipur.

Batting for the traders, area MP and human resource development minister, Kapil Sibal, said, “It is unfair to ask traders to move to the outskirts without providing them facilities. The matter has been pending for a long time. I have asked the Union urban development minister to expedite the process so that the area (Walled City) can be decongested and redeveloped. We can’t ask people to move to an area where basic amenities are missing,” said Sibal.

Notwithstanding orders of the government and the high court to move wholesale trades out of the old city, the number of establishments has only increased over the years. According to a conser-vative estimate, paper merchants have increased by 15-20%, and chemical merchants by 20-30%

since the relocation orders were issued.

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“The number of paper traders has increased considerably since 2006. DDA is yet to provide plots to

nearly 300 odd traders. What will happen to the new traders?” said Mahesh Shah, president of Pa-

per Merchants’ Association. Chemical traders, too, have similar concerns. “They have allotted plots based on a survey done in 1999-2000. The market has grown a lot in the last 11 years,” said Gupta.

As per Master Plan of Delhi 2021, Municipal Corporation of Delhi is responsible for stopping ex-

pansion of wholesale markets and commercial activity in Shahjahanabad, but MCD oficials them-

selves admit there is rampant commercialization in the area.

A. Select the correct option from the ones given below. (2)

(a) After Shahjahanabad’s 1999 ire disaster the chemical traders were ordered to

i) close down their units

ii) compensate the victims and their families

iii) shift to Holambi Kalan near Narela iv) upgrade their ire ighting systems.

(b) The local MP also believes that it would be dificult for traders to move to new sites unless:–

i) customers are made available to them.

ii) facilities are provided at these sites.

iii) govt. pays the traders enough compensation. iv) traders get accustomed to new locations.

B. Answer the following questions briely:– (6)

a) Why are paper merchants not inding the new sites conducive for business? b) What are the allegations made by chemical traders? c) According to 1999 survey, how many chemical traders were allotted plots? d) How can the area of walled city be improved according to the needs of traders? e) According to a survey, what has been the effect on the development of establishments, as a

result of preventing wholesale traders out of the old city? f) According to the 2021 master plan, MCD is responsible for ______.

C. Find synonyms of :– (2)

i) boundary

(ii) insuficient

3. Read the passage given below carefully and answer the questions that follow: (8)

Starting from the steam engine to the supercomputer, why is it that most of the discoveries of the last two centuries have all been in the west? Is it because there were not many in the eastern hemisphere to think out or innovate? Or is it because though there was someone who did something back here,

66

we were too late to realize it or acknowledge it? In fact, not all of the blame should go to us. There have been discoveries here too but maybe we overlooked them or were too late to acknowledge them. We still believe that there have been inventions in this part of the world but because of the delay in

accepting such inventions the West copied them and thus been credited with their achievements. India has been credited with being a storehouse of intellectual capital. Indians have a strong presence

in NASA and even companies like the Microsoft and IBM. Yet India still lags behind in the ield of innovation despite having a rich history. Indians invented the numerical ‘zero’ which is known to everyone. Even Albert Einstein also said that not worthwhile scientiic discovery would have been possible without the Indians teaching the world to count.

Just knowledge is not enough. It has to be cultivated and put to use. Otherwise it is like having a Pen-

tium III which is used just for typing. To put to use this knowledge adequately, proper opportunities also need to be provided. This is where the role of the government and the overall support for human infrastructure comes in. This implies providing adequate technology, setting up the right atmosphere right from the school level to identify and promote such talent. This is what our immediate challenge should be.

On the industry side they have a new assignment to embark on. For the irst four decades India has been a seller’s market. For the producer, he just had to manufacture his goods and there was always a ready taker. For industry, innovation is not a way of business but a lifeline to exist in the business. With the innovation comes in the thrust on research and development. This is another of the neglected aspects in Indian industry. Strangely, the general concept among many is that R and D is basically for the pharmaceuticals and chemical industry. Thus leading from here we ind that this is one zone where the share on the total expenditure is minuscule. This may be because of the dedicated investments and time frame required with no guarantee of results. Unfortunately, our short sightedness prevents us from judging the gains from such investments in the long run.

One thing in place is that India is an abundantly rich nation of natural resources. But the sad thing that follows is we depend so heavily on it. Imagine what it would have been had India used these resources, added technology and innovation and produced! The green revolution has been a perfect example of how natural resources combined with technology can convert a nation in a span of two decades to a food surplus economy.

In the end we arrive on the human contribution factor. All what has been discussed above would be

or is a result of human zeal and contribution. This calls for a further debate on how we should ensure that not only India is an information rich country but also where knowledge is tested and put to work and further the goals are achieved through such creativity. Innovation is a never ending process that lubricates the wheels of growth of any nation developing or developed.

A. On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it, using headings and sub-head-

ings. Use recognizable abbreviations (wherever necessary – minimum 4) and a format you consider suitable. Also supply an appropriate title to it. (5)

B. Based on your reading of the above passage, write a summary of the passage in about 80 words.(3)

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SECTION B

ADVANCED WRITING SKILLS (30 Marks)

4. As president of the student’s council of your school, write a notice is not more than 50 words asking the students of your school to donate old clothes, books and bags for the Anubhav Shiksha Kendra, a school for the underprivileged being run on your school premises.

OR

You are Aneesh kalra, a social activist. You are much concerned about the spread of the pandemic

called Swine lu in the country. Prepare a poster educating the people about the pandemic – its cause and the precautionary measures need to be taken. (4)

5. You are Nitin/Natasha, a student of Class XII at K.P.N. Public School Faridabad. The student is re-

quired to cope with lot of pressure in today’s competitive environment. Write a letter to the editor of a national daily highlighting the increasing stress faced by students and suggest ways to combat the same. (6)

OR

You are Suresh/Smita. You come across the following advertisement in a national daily. You consider yourself suitable and eligible for the post. Write an application in response to the advertisement.

Applications are invited for the post of a Nursery teacher in a reputed school of Delhi. The candidate must

have at least 5 years’ experience of teaching tiny-tots. The applicant must have a pleasant personality. He/she should be creative and innovative. Attractive salary. Interested candidates should apply to The Principal, AKS International, Indirapuram, New Delhi within 10 days with detailed resume.

6. You are Zubin / Zeba, a social activist, much concerned about the booming crime against women, may it be eve-teasing, domestic violence or others. Write an article in 150-200 words throwing light on this problem and giving suggestions on putting an end to it.

OR

There has been a recent upsurge in the Coaching institutes all over India. Do you think that coaching classes are necessary for a student go score well in exams? Write an article in 150-200 words. You are Amit/Amrita, a student of class XII of Jawahar Public School.(10)

7. You have been asked to participate in the Debate Competition on the topic ‘Machines have enslaved

Man’. Write the debate in 200 words either for or against the motion. (10)

OR

Some colleges conduct entrance test for admission to under-graduates courses like English (Hons) and Journalism (Hons). Do you think that the entrance test is the right method of selecting students? Write a speech in about (150-200) to be delivered at morning assembly of your school. (10)

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SECTION - C

TEXT BOOKS (Flamingo & Vistas) and LONG READING TEXT-NOVEL (40 Marks)

8. Read the lines given below & answer the questions that follow: (4 marks)

Those who prepare green wars,

wars of gas, wars of ire,victories without survivors,

would put on clean clothing

and would walk alongside their brothers

in the shade, without doing a thing.

a) What are green wars? 1

b) How would the wars affect our lives? 1

c) What could be the ideal situation? 1

d) Name the poem and the poet. 1

Or

A thing of beauty is a joy for ever

Its loveliness increases,

it will never Pass into nothingness; but will keep

A bower quiet for us.

a) ‘A thing of beauty is joy forever’. Explain. 1

b) Why does a beautiful thing ‘pass into nothingness’? 1

c) What does poet mean by ‘a bower quiet for us’? 1

d) Name the poem and the poet. 1

9. Answer any FOUR of the following questions in about 30-40 words each: (4 x 3 = 12)

a) What will happen to Aunt Jennifer’s tigers when she is dead? b) Why was Franz tempted to miss the school that day? c) Mention the hazards of working in the glass bangle industry. d) What is the signiicance of the prince’s utterance - “Let tigers beware”? e) Hana told Yumi to wash the soldier. How did Yumi react?

10. Answer any ONE of the following in 120 -150 words: (6)

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a) Why do you think Gandhiji considered the Champaran episode to be a turning-point in his life? b) ‘Lost Spring’ explains the grinding poverty and traditions that agree? Why / Why not?

11. Answer the following in about 120-150 words : (6)

Exploitation is a universal phenomenon. The poor indigo farmers were exploited by the British landlords, which Gandhiji objected. Even after our independence we ind exploitation of unorganized labour. What values do we learn from Gandhiji’s campaign to counter the present day problems?

12. Answer the following in about 120-150 words : (6 x 2 = 12 Marks)

a) Draw a pen portrait of Dr. Kemp.

b) Describe the robbery episode at dawn in Bunting’s house.

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SAMPLE PAPER (2014-15)

ENGLISH CORE - CLASS XII

Time allowed: 3 hours Maximum Marks: 100

SECTION A

READING 30 Marks

1. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (12 marks)

Hundreds of thousands of our qualiied youngsters take off from different international airports every year for higher studies or highly lucrative jobs in the US, the UK, Germany, France and Australia. And most of these Indians prefer to settle down abroad, attracted by the facilities and the higher quality of life provided by these countries. We have been crying hoarse about the brain drain from India over the last ive decades or more, without going in for a well-set blueprint to check the counterproductive phenomenon. Some of the public schools in our metros and our IITs (Indian Institutes of Technology) and IIMs (Indian Institutes of Management) are providing world class education. One might wonder that having spent a lot on infrastructure, training and other facilities and the best teaching staff, can the Government and the people of India look away as the talent, assiduously nurtured in India, is utilised

by other countries for their development and excellence in different ields. During the decade’s long debate on the brain drain, it was said that our youngsters leave India just

because excellence is neither recognized nor rewarded in India. This could have been partly true at the beginning of this debate. But today, things have changed beyond recognition and talented people can reach the highest position possible if only they are prepared to work hard.

Youngsters from India, whatever be the ield they are working in, are today suitably recognised and rewarded.

Take the ield of sports where many of the celebrities are household names – Sania Mirza, Narain Karthikeyan, Sachin Tendulkar, Anju Bobby George, P.T. Usha and several others. Innovation and managerial skill get recognition when Indians can vie with others in excellence from any part of the world.

If there is one individual who has catapulted India to the number one position in milk production in the

world, it’s none other than Dr. Verghese Kurien, the father of the White Revolution. A top engineer who completed the Konkan Railway in record time, Mr. E. Sreedharan has built up the world class Delhi

Metro. Mr. Amitabh Bachchan is no longer a megastar of the Indian screen only. His presentation of Kaun Banega Crorepati and other ventures have made him a living legend of global proportions. Take the story of the Ambani brothers, the Tatas, the Mittals and others who are having their footprints in different continents. We have had so many Indians who rose to the summit as Miss Universe and Miss

World, but none has earned so much acclaim globally, in Bollywood, Hollywood : or the Cannes Film Festival, as Ms. Aishwarya Rai. In the wake of globalisation, India has produced a galaxy of eminent

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entrepreneurs in IT; Biotechnology, civil aviation, steel production and the like. Just mention a ield and we are already in the vanguard or moving ahead at a frantic pace. A time may come when India would be capable of reversing the so-called brain drain to India’s supreme advantage.

And happily enough, this is already happening now. A report released by a high-tech lobbying group in the Silicon Valley in 2005 revealed that the highly skilled Indian born talent that once locked to the US was returning home, “turning America’s brain drain into India’s brain gain”. Titled “Losing the Competitive Edge : The Challenge for Science and Technology in the US”, the report said that coun-

tries like India and China, through there-structuring of their economies, were dramatically increasing the skill sets of their work force, thereby posing a challenge “to the US leadership in the technology domain. “Public private partnerships (in India)’ have invested in technical universities and communi-cations infrastructure to create cutting edge technology parks in places like Bangalore in Karnataka. This will make India more competitive and alluring to investors and multinational companies.” The report further said : “They are dramatically increasing the skill sets of their workforce, investing in research and development, and adopting advanced technologies, all to create wealth and spur economic growth.”

(Source : Competition Success Review)

A. Select the correct option from the ones given below. (4)

(a) Our qualiied and talented youngsters go abroad for

i) holidaying. ii) higher study and better jobs. iii) propagating India’s greatness. iv) helping Indian students in Australia.

(b) A report from Silicon Valley states that skilled and talented Indians are

i) coming back.ii) not interested in home coming.iii) demanding more wages.iv) turning to politics in India.

(c) Our youngsters leave India just because

i) the weather of India is very hot.

ii) There is a lot of corruption in India.

iii) excellence is neither recognized nor rewarded in India.iv) They like the Western countries more than India.

(d) Technology parks are found in

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i) Konkan

ii) Bangalore iii) Delhi

iv) Gujarat

B. Answer the following questions briely :– (6)

a) What do you understand by Brain Drain? b) What is the contribution of Dr. Verghese Kurien? c) Talent can reach top if ____________

d) Name the engineer who has been credited with building of Delhi Metro? e) What does the counter-productive phenomenon refer to? f) How is India becoming more competitive and alluring to investors and MNCs?

C. Look for words similar in meaning to the following: (2)

i) a period of ten years

ii) zenith

2. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow: (10 marks)

Worm is a software program that is designed to copy itself from one computer to another, without hu-

man interaction. Unlike a computer virus, a worm can copy itself automatically. For example, a mass mailing Email worm is a worm that sends copies of itself via email. A network worm makes copies of itself throughout a network, an Internet worm sends copies of itself via vulnerable computers on the Internet, and so on.

Worms can replicate in great volume. For example, a worm can send out copies of itself to every con-

tact in your email address book, and then it can send itself to all of the contacts your contact’s email address books. Some worms spread very quickly. They clog networks and can cause long waits for you (and everyone else) to view Web pages on the Internet.

Examples of some of the computer worms are the Sasser worm, the Blaster worm, and the Conicker worm.

Trojans are the malicious code which when triggered cause loss, or even theft, of data. Trojans are associated with remote access programs that perform illicit operations such as password stealing or which allow compromised machines to be used for targeted denial of service attacks. When a Trojan horse is activated, it may access certain iles, folders or even an entire system. It often creates what is known as a “trapdoor” or “backdoor”, which can then be used to thieve a victim’s sensitive information and forward it to another location.

A. Select the correct option from the ones given below. (2)

(a) Unusual error messages are an indicator of:–

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i) worm infection

ii) virus infection

iii) Trojan infection iv) spam

(b) A mass mailing email worm sends:–

i) multiple copies to one user

ii) multiple copies to multiple users

iii) copies of itself

iv) single copies to multiple users

B. Answer the following questions briely: – (6)

a) How can viruses be disguised? b) What problems do benign viruses create? c) What is a mass-mailing worm? d) What do boot record infectors infect? e) What are Trojans associated with? f) How can ‘trapdoor’ affect a person’s information stored in a computer?

C. Complete the following: (2)

i) Pick out the word in the passage similar in meaning to kind/friend. _______________ ii) Pick out the word in the passage opposite in meaning to illegitimate. _______________

3. Read the passage given below :below: (8 Marks)

If you wish to pursue higher studies without taxing your parents with educational debts, it’s time to act now. As education costs escalate every year, it is not feasible for parents to spend the lion’s share of their savings on your higher education. However, with a number of scholarship programmes avail-able these days, you can fund your own studies, at least in part. All that you need is a sound academic

record and the ability to compete with other candidates. If you are not meritorious, look out for loans,

which can be repaid once you have inished your degree.

Scholarships

One of the irst avenues that students must explore is the National Science Talent Search (NSTS), which is available to students of class V to XII. If you have an interest in Science and can make a good science project, apply to the NSTS. “After school, fellowships are available for different levels of study that include Science, Arts, and Social Science. There are also scholarships available for re-

search abroad, the information for which is posted to colleges and university departments directly.”

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For scholarships in the US, enquire at the ofice of the United States Educational Foundation in India (USEFI) which has an ofice in New Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata. Similarly, if you wish to pursue higher studies in the U.K. ,, drop in at The British Council, which has branches all over the country. The British Chevening Scholarship is awarded to gifted studies in various disciplines in the UK. Similarly, Fulbright is a distinguished US fellowship programme for research scholars.

20

There are also a number of exchange programmes with different countries, provided by the Govern-

ment of India. The German Academic Exchange fellowship invites PG students in bio-engineering, bio-pharmacology, metallurgy, environment science, agronomy, veterinary science, horticulture and animal husbandry, with two years of teaching or research experience.

LoansOANS

Alternately, you can look for loans, which can be repaid once you start earning. In India, such loans are available from commercial banks and the Life Insurance Corporation(Corporation (LIC), but both require security. “In banks, some security in the form of immovable property or jewellery may have to be mortgaged, while in the case of LIC, you should have a life insurance policy with premium having been paid for a certain number of years,.”

If you seek loans to study abroad, such as in the US, you must have a US citizen co-signer and you should have already taken admission in US University. The whole process requires a lot of hard work,

merit and self-motivation, but once you complete your degree, self-funding can be extremely reward-

ing. a) On the basis of your reading of the above passage make notes on it using headings and subhead

ings.Use recognizable abbreviation wherever necessary. (5 m) b) Write a summary of the above passage in 80 words. Also suggest a suitable title. (3 m)

SECTION B

ADVANCED WRITING SKILLS (30 Marks)

4. There is an exhibition of handicraft items at Dilli Haat, Delhi. Prepare a poster inviting the people to see the exhibition. Give a suitable title to your poster. (4)

Or

You are Dr. Madhu, M.D. You are looking for an independent house in Ghaziabad on a reasonable rent for your residence-cum-clinic. Draft a suitable advertisement in not more than 50 words to be

published in Hindustan Times, New Delhi. Your telephone no. is 8812341234.

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5. You are Amita/Arun from NSCB Hostel, Dehradun. You and your friends are planning a holiday. You come across the following advertisement in a newspaper. Read the advertisement and on the basis of your choice of destination write a letter to the tour operator enquiring about various aspects of the tour.(6)

Perfect holiday with friends and family; Unlimited Enjoyment

Goa 3d/2n Rs. 7000 for two

Shimla 4d/3n Rs. 8000 for two

Kerala 4d/3n Rs. 15000 for two.

Free breakfast, No hidden charges, concession available on bulk booking. Contact Sai Tour and Travel, Vivek Vihar, Delhi -110089.

OR

You are Kavita/Kailash staying at B-101, Yamuna Vihar, Delhi. You ind it disturbing that despite a ban on the use of polythene bags its use is rampant in city. Write a letter to the editor of a national daily expressing your concern about apathy of people towards environmental degradation. Also suggest ways to mobilise city dwellers for the cause of safe environment with the help of school children.

6. Indian culture has traditionally sustained a joint family system in which the old have always had a very respectable place. There has been an erosion of these values in the present times. Write an arti-

cle in 150 – 200 words on the need for the young to take care of their old instead of sending them to the old age homes.

OR

Global warming has adversely affected the climate of the world. Glaciers are melting. For the survival of humanity, the environment has to be protected at any cost. Write an article in 150 – 200 words on “Need for Green Earth through Environmental Protection.” (10)

7. You are shocked to read a report on murder of a senior citizen in Vasant Vihar Colony. You being the President of RWA of the colony feel that adequate steps in the ield of safety and social awareness are needed. Write a speech on the topic “Crimes against Senior Citizens-Measures to Curb it” in about 150-200 words to be delivered at RWA meeting.

OR

You are Raksha/Rakesh a student of Class XII of MGH School, Geeta colony. You feel that mobile phones have become integral part of today’s life. You think that every good thing has bad sides also. Write a debate in 150-200 words either in favour or against the topic “Mobile Phone and Social De-

velopment of the Children”.(10)

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SECTION C

TEXT BOOKS (Flamingo & Vistas) and LONG READING TEXT-NOVEL (40 Marks)

8. Read the extract given below and answer the questions that follow: (1 x 4 = 4)

‘Unless, governor, inspector, visitor,

This map becomes their window and these windows

That shut upon their lives like catacombs.’

a) Why does the poet invoke ‘governor, ‘inspector’ and ‘visitor’? b) What does ‘this map’ refer to? How can it become ‘their window’? c) What do you understand by catacombs? d) Name the poem and the poet.

OR

‘When Aunt is dead, her terriied hands will lieStill ringed with ordeals she was mastered by.

The tigers in the panel that she made

Will go on prancing, proud and unafraid.’

a) What is Aunt Jennifer’s death symbolic of? b) What does ‘ringed with ordeals’ imply? c) Explain: “the tigers in the panel….will go on prancing, proud and unafraid”. d) Name the poem and the poet.

9. Answer the following questions in about 30-40 words each: (4 x 3 = 12)

a) ‘So blot their maps with slums as big as doom’. What does the poet want to convey? b) Franz thinks, “Will they make them sing in German, even the pigeons?” What does this tell us

about the attitude of the Frenchmen? c) Why was the peddler surprised when he knocked on the door of the cottage? d) How did the Governor manage to reach Evans in the hotel?

10. Answer any ONE of the following in 120 -150 words: (6)

a) How did the Champaran episode end the sufferings of the share-croppers? b) Discuss the last moments in the class on the last day of the French lesson?

11. Answer the following in about 120-150 words : (6)

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With reference to the big boy who pushed Douglas into the pool we realize that many a times we fail to understand others fears and weaknesses and make fun of them without realising how much harm we are doing to the psyche of the person. What qualities does a person need to imbibe in order not to undermine others?

12. Answer the following in about 120-150 words : (6 x 2 = 12 Marks)

a) Mr. Hall is a typical example of the residents of Iping village. Elaborate with examples from his character.

b) Describe the chase between Kemp and the Invisible Man when Kemp took the downward

direc tion of the hill. Describe the scene of the Invisible Man creeping in to death.

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Annexure - I

Listening Assessment – Class XI

Audio Script

Task 1

You will hear 5 short extracts of people talking about ‘Generation Gap’. Read the statements

below then listen to the extracts and match each statement A-G to each speaker 1 - 5. There are two

statements you do not need. You will hear the recordings twice.

Speaker 1: I am Shreya. No matter how hard I try to make my folks try different cuisines while going out for a dinner but for them Mughalai food sounds to be the all-time favourite and somehow the safest bet when you want to eat out. Apparently, they can’t think beyond Butter Chicken and Dal Makhani and will never want to try Chinese, Italian or Mediterranean delicacies.”Speaker 2: My name is KaminiSundaram. I have a 14 year old daughter Padma. Lately, I don’t know what’s come over her. She’s always arguing with me about the silliest things. A single day with her. In my day, I was not allowed to raise my voice to my parents.”Speaker 3: I’m Armaan. My folks feel hill stations, religious spots or our native village are the best holiday destinations - apt for a family outing. The exotic locales such as Dubai, Maldives, Malaysia, Singapore and other places still sound like a far fetched dreams for them.

Speaker 4: My name is Pooja Rao. I am very upset with my parents. I never wanted to pursue engineering. Given a choice, I would have taken up psychology. I wasn’t even allowed to pick the stream of my choice. I wanted to take up civil engineering but was forced into information science by my parents.”Speaker 5: My name is Jacob Abraham. I am totally confused about my son, Vivek. I’ve always wanted to give him the best of things, but his demands never seem to end. He’s constantly asking me for money to go out to Malls and discos and to buy the ‘latest’ clothes. If I say no, he makes me feel like a tyrant and says that none of the other parents object.” You will hear 5 short extracts of people talking about the need for more National parks and Wildlife

Sanctuaries.

Read the statements below, then listen to the extracts and match each statement A–G to each speaker

1–5. There are two statements you do not need. You will hear the recording twice.

A. I was forced to take up information Science though I wanted to take up Psychology.B. My daughter is closer to her friends than she is to anyone else. She does not like to go for family

outings.C. My parents don’t like to experiment with their food.D. My son asks for more money than I can afford. He calls me a tyrant if I refuse.

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E. We will not force our ideas onto our children. Our son is free to choose what he wants to study.

F. We don’t go for holidays to exotic destinations.G. My daughter argues with me all the time.

Speaker Statement

Shreya

KaminiSundaram

Armaan

Pooja RaoJacob Abraham

Audio Script

Task 2

You will listen to Greenpeace head Kumi Naidoo as he talks to Radio Durban on ways of saving the

planet. As you listen, answer the following questions. Before you listen to the talk study the questions

and ind out what information you should be listening for. You will listen to the recording twice.

Bill: Good Morning Listeners. Welcome to Planetpals, your Environment Show. I’m your host Bill and we are happy to have here with us the Greenpeace chief, Kumi Naidoo. I will ask Mr.Naidoo a few questions

on Greenpeace.

Good Morning, Mr. Naidoo. Welcome to Planetpals.

Kumi Naidoo: Hi Bill. I’m glad to be here.

Bill: Kumi, tell me what is the evidence that proves the climate is changing?

Kumi Naidoo: The global average temperature has increased by more than 0.6°C over the last century. As a result, many places have experienced more intense rain, as well as more frequent and severe heat waves. The world’s oceans have warmed 50% faster over the last 40 years than previously thought due to climate change. Higher ocean temperatures expand the volume of water, contributing to a rise in sea levels that is submerging small island nations and threatening to wreak havoc in low-lying, densely-populated delta regions around the globe.

Bill: That’s an alarming trend. What is causing this climate change – human activities or natural variations in climate?

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Kumi Naidoo: The Earth does go through natural cycles of warming and cooling, caused by factors such as changes in the sun or volcanic activity. However, the warming we have seen in the past 50 years cannot be explained by natural factors alone. In contrast, the warming we are observing is consistent with the warming properties of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases that we are adding to the atmosphere.

Bill: How can carbon dioxide hurt us?

Kumi Naidoo: While carbon dioxide is a necessary ingredient for plants to perform photosynthesis, and a critical component of our atmosphere. excess carbon dioxide in the atmosphere increases global tempera-

tures. This can harm plants, animals, and humans.

Bill: How will climate change harm humans?

Kumi Naidoo: We are accustomed to a normal range of conditions. So, climate change could affect our health and infrastructure as well as energy, food, and water supplies. Climate change may especially impact people who live in coastal areas that are vulnerable to storms. Similarly, professions that are closely linked

to weather and climate, such as outdoor tourism and agriculture, will be especially affected.

Bill: Oh, that sounds grim. Is it too late to do anything about climate change?

Kumi Naidoo: No, it is not too late. With appropriate actions by governments, communities, individuals, and businesses, we can reduce the amount of greenhouse gas pollution we release and lower the risk of much greater warming. Many of the actions that we can take to address climate change will have other beneits, such as cleaner, healthier air.

Bill: Thank you. Next time, we will talk about what each one of us can do to reduce CO2 emissions. Till then, from all us here at Planetpals, thank you Kumi.

You will listen to Greenpeace head Kumi Naidoo as he talks to Radio Durban on ways of saving the

planet. As you listen, answer the following questions. Before you listen to the talk, study the questions

and ind out what information you should be listening for. You will listen to the recording twice.

1) The name of the radio programme is ….. a. Planetpals

b. Environment Show

c. Greenpeace

2) As the ocean’s temperature rises, the water levels in the ocean . a. fall

b. remain constant

c. rise

3) The rise in water levels is especially dangerous for . a. small island nations

b. low-lying urban areas

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c. those engaged in agriculture

4) The present warming of the Earth is largely caused by man as . a. there has been no activity on the sun

b. there has been no volcanic activity

c. there has been an increase in CO2 in the atmosphere

5) Which one of the following statements about climate change is NOT True? a. Change in climate is leading to changes in crop patterns and agriculture. b. Climate change is leading to more storms in coastal areas. c. Climate change can be halted by increasing the amount of greenhouse gases we release into the air.

Audio Script

Task 3

You will hear a speech on Social Networking. Read the question below, then listen to the extract and choose four of the options A–G which are correct. You will hear the recording twice.

Which FOUR of the following statements does the speaker believe to be true?

Facebook, Myspace, Twitter … all come to my mind when someone says “social networking.” For many teens, visiting these sites is a part of their daily routine. Sure, it’s a good way to keep in contact with your friends and peers, but can it be too much of a good thing? In my opinion, social networking sites are ben-

eicial if used in certain ways, but can also be detrimental if used in the wrong way.

These sites make it possible to interact with the people next door, or across the world, with one click. Whoever you may need, whenever you may need them, you are able to reach them via social networking. These sites are very beneicial in keeping the user in touch with virtually the entire world. Secondly, a feature on many of these sites allows you to upload pictures to your page. This is a very helpful feature in sharing pictures with your friends and family. It’s nice to see what people have to say about your pictures, but often times, some people don’t have the most positive things to say.

Finally, the ease of social networking often leads to people acting completely different over the Internet than they would in real life. Often people ind it easier to bully over the Internet. This may be because they feel like there won’t be as severe consequences as if they were to bully in real life. Although, the consequences for cyber bullying are becoming more and more severe as people are starting to realize how serious it is becoming.

We should have the right attitudes to social networking online. Social networking sites should be the plat-

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forms for sharing, and not the media for cyberbullying. From now on, let’s have the right attitudes and make better use of the social networking sites. (302 words)

Task 3

You will hear a speech on Social Networking. Read the question below, then listen to the extract and choose four of the options A–G which are correct. You will hear the recording twice.

Which FOUR of the following statements does the speaker believe to be true?

A. Social networking sites have made the world a small global village.

B. Social networking sites always offer good chances of interaction.

C. Sharing one’s personal life over these sites can also invite pessimistic comments.

D. It’s good to meet on social networking sites than socialising in the real world.

E. People appear to be different in their behaviour and attitude in the virtual world.

F. It is easy for the offenders to commit a cyber-crime and escape the consequences.

G. Harassment over the Internet can have disastrous impacts on the victim.

Audio Script

Task 4

You will listen to two students, a boy and girl, debate about globalisation in India.Read the sentences

below, then listen to the conversation and complete the sentences with one or two words only.

You will hear the recording twice.

Student 1: Can globalisation be a threat to Indian culture? I don’t believe so. Indian culture is a unique ap-

proach to life which includes a strong belief in sacredness and a tremendous faith in the power of goodness. But the most important is, the desire to ind a way of living together, of synthesising and understanding each other.

Student 2: Globalisation, if accepted in the true sense, would have been a boon, but today it is nothing more than a bane. The basic human tendency to quickly accept the wrong and put it into practice is the root of all evil, the epicentre of it being our culture. Our culture is not only what we eat and what we wear, it is also the way we think and react to our environment.

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Student 1: Today, when the world has shrunk rapidly, the only thing that has broadened is the horizon. And when the access of information has become a cake-walk, it would be unrealistic to stay within four

walls and close the door with a cultural lock.

Student 2: I understand that Indian culture is deep-rooted. It dates back to the time when there was the

‘Gurukul’ system, where the student imbibed the qualities of patience, discipline and honesty. Today, the frivolity of education has not only loosened these roots but the invasion of the western culture has almost

uprooted it.

Student 1: I think this generation needs to be credited for its perception. It possesses a cosmopolitan outlook and analyses problems and situations globally. This world has now truly become “VasudevaKutumbakam”.

Student 2: But due to globalisation all the damage that could have been done has been done. Earlier the day began by seeking the blessings of God and the elders in the family. How many of us do it today? Forget about taking blessings, elders are not even duly respected.

Student 1: In my opinion, globalisation is breeding forth brotherhood, where each individual is respected for his novelty and his ideas are appreciated. In short, what our forefathers only dreamt, globalisation has made it possible.

Student 2: But don’t you think our children are slowly forgetting the high ideals and values that shape person into a good human being? Discipline, penance, service, charity, honesty have literally become a thing of the past.

Student 1: Our culture’s tendency is to imbibe the best from other cultures and secularly fuse it into our own, cherish it and uphold it. Today, we respect the sincere and diligent, value family traditions and labour relentlessly.

Student 2: Today, when the entire world is turning to India, seeking answers to their problems, we Indians are turning to the West. Culture is what we have been passed on from our earlier generations and we must remember to carefully pass on to the next generation.

Student 1: I agree with you. The present culture should more appropriately called practical, analytical and reined. This, I’m sure would be a globally accepted fact.

Task 4

You will listen to two students, a boy and girl, debate about globalisation in India.Read the sentences

below, then listen to the conversation and complete the sentences with one or two words only. You

will hear the recording twice.

1. The values of ________________, goodness and understanding are imbibed in Indian culture.

2. The _________________ padlock can be a hurdle to the access of information in this fast growing world.

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3. Our culture is _________________, dating back to the time of the Vedas and the Upnishads.

4. Globalisation has helped in upbringing ______________ and respect for others’ ideas.

5. Respect for honest and _________________ is imbibed in our culture.

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Annexure - II

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