Hunter-Gatherers99% of History, man considered thismigratory (nomadic)hunted, fished, gathered wild plantssmall population size 20-50 peoplelow birth rates, high death ratesestimated population - 1 million

Farmers, - 10,000 years ago• produce more food , increased

carrying capacity - How?

Stayed in one place–Grew crops–raised animals–stored food (survive winter and

dry summer)

Birth rates rose

Due to new strategies of resources, carrying capacity rose

larger families help on farms, --more food, ---more people

First Humans to 1800 - 1 billion people1800 -1930 130 years -2 billion1930 -1960 30 years – 3 billion1960 -1974 15 years – 4 billion1974 -1987 12 years - 5 billion1987 – 1999 12 years – 6 billion

Why such an increase over the last 200 years?

People live longer due to:•improved sanitation •better nutrition•better medical care

More people survive childhood and have children of their own

Shortage of fuel woodeven with enough food, not enough wood to cook itsome foods not edible uncookedability to boil water (sterilize drinking water)many people suffer from malnutrition or starvation

Water that kills…..25 million people a year die of diseases received from using dirty waterLocal water supply•drinking•washing (bodies, clothes, dishes, animals)

•sewage disposal

People must flee area (leave their homes) due to severe environmental damage•destroyed or depleted soils (due to over-farming)

•radiation contamination•acts of nature-hurricanes, earthquakes, floods, drought

•civil war•examples: Chernobyl, Somalia

Other countries now have to provide, food, shelter, education, health care, job for refugees.

As population increases, so do environmental refugees.

Goal…stabilize populationsbetter education and health careless children/family planningincreased sustainability of resources (people of developed countries use and waste too many resources)

Difficulties lack of education sexual inequality no access to family planning religious beliefs expensive birth control