TWENTY-FOURTH IEI CONVOCATION AND

TECHNICIANS’/STUDENTS’ CONVENTION

PUNE, OCTOBER 22-23, 2016

BIRLA VISHWAKARMA MAHAVIDHYALAYA

Presentation By: Parth Hemendra Pandya, Shivani Ashish Dimke (B.E. 3RD Level Students, Department of Civil Engineering, Birla Vishvakarma Mahavidyalaya, India)

Email: parthpandya304@gmail.com, shivanidimke96@gmail.com

A Conspectus on Electric Vehicle in India

Index INTRODUCTION ELECTIC VEHICLE COMPARATIVE STUDY PROBLEMS INDIAN SCENARIO FUTURE SCOPE IN INDIA CONCLUSION

Introduction Urbanization has made the world roll on wheels

and human is now completely dependent on the vehicles.

Along with increase in vehicle density, emission of various harmful gases in environment has also increased.

Transportation industry has a vital part in this emanations as ICE vehicles uses fossil fuel for energy and in turn emits various pollutants which are destroying our surroundings and is also effecting animal species.

According to atmosphere doomsayers, worldwide gas emissions needs to be decline to 60% below the present levels by 2050 in order to save our environment.

Introduction Environment pollution caused by internal

combustion engine (ICE) vehicles like acid rain, ozone depletion, air and noise pollutions are affecting our habitats.

To overcome this emanations problem and save our environment, the concept of electric vehicle has flourished nowadays.

The ICE vehicle has been the dominant propulsion method for motor vehicles for almost 100 years, but electric power has remained commonplace in other vehicle types, such as trains and smaller vehicles of all types.

Electric Vehicle An electric vehicle (EV), also referred to as

an electric drive vehicle, uses one or more electric motors or traction motors for propulsion.

An electric vehicle may be powered through a collector system by electricity from off-vehicle sources, or may be self-contained with a battery or generator to convert fuel to electricity.

Electric vehicles (EV) may include: Battery Electric Vehicle (BEV) Plug-In Electric Vehicle (PEV) Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) Hydrogen Fuel Cell Electric Vehicle (FCEV)

COMPARATIVE STUDY In order to calculate the total

emissions from EV, we need to take into consideration the various emissions like that from vehicle manufacture, fuel combustion from power plant, from fuel extractions, transportation, processing, distribution and storage, from producing electricity that is lost in transmission and distribution.

Based on the source of generation of electricity, emission level changes for EV. It can be as low as half and can be as high as two to four times compared to petrol or diesel vehicle.

COMPARATIVE STUDYCOUNTRY POWER

SOURCE

ELECTRIC

VEHICLE

EMISSIONS

(gCO2e/km)

PETROL CAR

EMISSIONS

EQUIVALENT

(kmpl)

DIESEL CAR

EMISSIONS

EQUIVALENT

(kmpl)

INDIA COAL 370 8 10

UNITED STATES HEAVY FOSSIL 202 17 19

JAPAN BROAD MIX 175 21 23

CANADA LIGHT FOSSIL 115 37 41

FRANCE LOW CARBON 93 52 56

(Source: DEFRA, GHG protocol, IEA, EPA GREET, LCA literature)Table: comparison of carbon dioxide emission in different types of vehicles.

Problems Even with the advancement in the field of EV’s, there

are various setbacks compared to ICE vehicles. The most common problems with EV’s is as

discussed below: Battery: battery life is nearly about 4 to 5 years, so it

requires to be changed frequently. Cost: cost of EV is around 2.5 times higher than an

entry level fuel efficient car. Cost of Battery is also very high thus increasing cost of ownership.

Charging Time: Recharging time of battery is as high as 6 to 8 Hrs. moreover, recharge stations are not easily available in developing countries.

Charging station: availability of recharge station is only limited to selected countries in present.

Range: Range of EV is limited to few hundred of kilometers after which it requires to be charged before moving further.

Indian Scenario India is a coal driven country and so most electricity

required for EVs is supplied from thermal plant. Two wheelers are seen more on road due to its fuel

efficiency. India is 2nd largest 2W market after china and will remain the preferable choice till 2035.

People in India are more concerned about the mileage, maintenance free, durable, immediately accessible and service oriented vehicles.

Market of EV in India is about 1% over the decade. Indian government has released its ‘National Electric

Mobility Mission Plan’ (NEMMP 2020) in 2013, which aims to deploy 4lakh passenger BEV’s on road by 2020.

Indian Scenario Auto Rickshaws, Bus, Train, Two wheelers and Four

wheelers has already been started taking place on Indian roads.

Lately auto rickshaws and buses has started making its places in many cities.

Mahindra E20 is India’s first four wheeler EV It is India’s first completely electric vehicle,

manufactured in green facility. Top speed is 81kmph. Range of 120 km in one full charge. Full charge time is 5 hours.

Future Scope in India India has the largest market of EV in the world. With the development of infrastructure,

technology and power source there is chances for a shift towards EVs.

To increase the public awareness in our country, the initial approach of central government should be to encourage market players at international level to carry out studies for finding potential locations for the development of EV charging infrastructure and EV supply equipment.

There is a wide scope for EVs in two wheeler market, auto rickshaws, goods vehicle, bus as well as four wheelers. All of this market is awaiting for the change.

Conclusion Electric Vehicle has been in the discussions over

past few years. But in country like India, along with wide scope there is variety of difficulties too.

Alternative power source needs to be utilized more to fulfill the power requirement of EVs in large number.

Proper infrastructure, power stations and parking spaces needs to be developed along with the research and development in the field of battery and power transmission.

Government also needs to create rules and regulations along with providing guidelines and encouragement in shifting to the greener option.

THANK YOUANY QUESTIONS?