electric vehicle china

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Research, Development and Standardization of Electric Vehicle in China

Liu MinghuiChina FAW Co., Ltd R&D Center

Sept. 20th 2011

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Contents

Electric Vehicle Research & Development in ChinaElectric Vehicle Research & Development in China11

Electric Vehicle Research & Development by FAWElectric Vehicle Research & Development by FAW22

Standardization of China Electric VehicleStandardization of China Electric Vehicle33

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Contents




1.1 Driving Force of Electric Vehicle in China — shortage of Oil Resources

Fuel consumption of automobile in China is forecasted to increase to 350-450 million tons by 2020.For sustainable development of the Chinese automotive industry, low carbon technology must be adopted to

cover the 150 million tons shortage of automotive fuels

Notes: Data before 2009 sourced from VDA

2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2020

Total consumption of oil in China (100 million tons)

20012000

2.25 2.32.49

2.72

3.173.3

3.52 3.66 3.733.92

4.55Fuel consumed by automobile in China (100 million tons)

Total automotive fuel

supply in China

According to 50% of

oil consumptio

n by automobile

in the western

countries

·Forecast of automotive fuel

consumption trend in C

hina

3.75

150 million tons

shortage of fuel for

automobile

Dependency on oil imports exceeds 52%, which goes beyond world energy security warning level

Forecast for 2020 in different scenarios (as

per the current fuel consumption level)

Conservative: annual

demand 25 m

illion units

General: annual dem

and 30 m

illion units

Optim

istic: annual demand 40 m

illion units

3.51

4.56

2.3

3.75

1. Electric Vehicle Research and Development in China

184160

130？95？

Actual 2008

Target 2015

Target 2020

Target 2025

-29%

137.5

Target 2015

155168

-43%

Actual 2006

216

101

-46%

Actual 2006

Target 2016

Target 2025

1.1 Driving Force of Electric Vehicle in China — CO2 Emission

To reduce greenhouse gas pollution in the next decade, stringent CO2 emission regulations have been developed for passenger cars in the world;

Low carbon will be a new and the most challenging regulation constraint for Chinese automotive industry in the next decade.

CO2 Decrease

CO2g／km

Year

Country

116

Target 2020


8.0L/184g

2010 7.7L/177g

0.9% 0.0% 0.0%

93.5% ( 7.7L/100km ) 5.7%

20254.1L/95g

32% ( 5. 8L/100km) 4% 50% ( 4L/100km ) 14%

2020 5.6L/130g14.4%( 6.7L/100km) 61.1% ( 5.8L/100km ) 3.5% 15.0%

(5.3L/100km) 6%

6.9L/159g

0.2% 0.0%

79.4% ( 7.1L/100km, 8% down from model 2010 level) 19.4%(6.5L/100km)

1.0%

2008

Fuel consumption/CO2

L/100km g/km

95.3% ( 8.0L/100km )

3.8% 0.9%

Gasoline （PFI） Gasoline （GDI） Other Fuels HEV/PHEV EV

2015

6.2L/143g42.3% 56.5% ( 5.8L/100km, 13% down from PFI model level)

0.2% 0.0%1.0%

(6.7L/100km, 12% down from 2010 level)

Year

In order to meet the CO2 regulation , there should be about at least 21.0% electric vehicle (including HEV/PHEV and EV) launched every year in China from 2020;

China automotive industry will face electric vehicle industry restructuring in the next five to fifteen years.

1.2 Analysis of Development Trend of Electric Vehicle in China


7

Relevant policies

Development Policy of Automotive Industry

China Medium and Long Term Energy Conservation Plan

Limit of Fuel Consumption of Passenger Cars

10 key energy saving projects of China Medium and Long Term Energy Conservation Plan

The new 11th Five-Year Plan

Guidelines

National Guideline on Medium- and Long-Term Program for Science and Technology Development

Rules on the Production Admission Management of New Energy Automobiles

Catalogue of industry restructuring guideline (version 2007)

Comprehensive energy-saving & emission reduction work program

Adjustment of fuel tax and consumption tax for passenger car

Plan on Adjusting and Revitalizing the Auto Industry

Plan on Adjusting and Revitalizing the Auto Industry

Demonstration & popularization plan of energy saving and new energy vehicles

Rules on admission management of new energy vehicle manufacturers and products

1.3 Relevant Policies Regarding Electric Vehicle in China

Many polices encouraging development of electric vehicles have been enacted by the Chinese government since 2004

Notice on trial of subsidy for individuals who buy new energy vehicles

Industry Development Plan of Automobile and New Energy Vehicles

Development Plan of Energy Saving and Environmental Protection Industry of the 12th Five-Year Plan

The 12th Five-Year Plan of Strategic Emerging Industry Development has classified electric vehicle as a strategic emerging industry

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 20092009 20112010


Vehicle Product

Fuel Cell Vehicle Drive System Platform

Hybrid VehicleDrive System Platform

Pure Electric Vehicle Drive System Platform

Fuel cell, Battery, Super capacitor

E-motor, Transmission, Engine

New materials, new components, generic technology, Infrastructure related technologies

Testing, Standard, Policies, Demonstration, Financing, Intellectual Property, Technical Information

Development

Drive SystemIntegration

Key Components

Basis Study

Policy Platform

-- 2001-- -- 2009 -- After 2015-- 2012 --R&D Prod. Demo. Prod. Growth

1.4 Projects Led by MOSTProjects Led by MOST——““863863”” R&DR&D

There are four phases for electric vehicle in China


1.4 Projects led by MOST Projects led by MOST — “Ten Cities, Thousand VehicleTen Cities, Thousand Vehicle”” Demo DrivingDemo Driving

1

2

3

4

5 678

910 11

1213

Motor Power Rate

Fuel eff. (%)BSG 10-20% 20-30% 30-100%

HV

5-10%4

— — —

10-20% 28 32 —

20-30% — 32 36 42

30-40% — — 42 45

>40% — — — 50

EV 100% — — — 60

FC-EV 100% — — — 250

Unit: 1K RMB11. NanChang12. KunMing13. ShenZhen14. TianJin15. HaiKou16. ZhengZhou17. XiaMen18. SuZhou19. TangShan20. GuangZhou

1. BeiJing2. ChangChun3. DaLian4. JiNan5. HeFei6. ShangHai7. HangZhou8. WuHan9. ChongQing10. ChangSha

21. ShenYang22. ChengDu23. HuHeHaoTe24. NanTong25. XiangFan

2425

14

15

16

17

18

19

20

21

22

23

Pilot cities(more than “Ten Cities”): Subsidy level


1.5 China Electric Vehicle Industry Alliance — “TOP 10” Alliance Sponsored by the Auto Industry

Electric Vehicle Industry Alliance (TOP10)Founded on July 11th 2009

General strategy of auto development

Pay attention to both traditional energy vehicles and

electric vehicles

Development strategy of electric vehicles

Carrying out joint action, focusing priorities and

seeking innovative development

Action outline

“Program of Joint Action of Electric Vehicle

Development ”

General strategy of auto development

Pay attention to both traditional energy vehicles and

electric vehicles

Development strategy of electric vehicles

Carrying out joint action, focusing priorities and

seeking innovative development

Action outline

“Program of Joint Action of Electric Vehicle

Development ”

Jointly research and develop electric vehicle, including key assemblies and components, etcJointly develop standard for electric vehicle and components


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1.5 China Electric Vehicle Industry Alliance — State-Owned Enterprise Electric Vehicle Industry Alliance

Recharging & service

commission

Battery commission

EV and electric drive commission

State-owned Enterprise Electric Vehicle Alliance (20 state-owned enterprises)Founded on August 18th 2010

Purpose: Cooperation, self-disciplined, win-win, innovation, development;Principle: voluntary, equality, cooperation, mutual benefit;Mission: Promote development of core technology of electric vehicle, and foster a group of

enterprises with strong market competitiveness


HEV or EV HEV EVFeatures BSG ISG Parallel Fully / Plug-In R-E BEV

Configuration

Fuel Efficiency (%) ~ 3-5 ~ 10-15 ~ 20-50 ﹥40 100

FAW

SAIC

Dongfeng

GAIGBAIHCChang’an

Chery

BYD

1.6 Status of Electric Vehicle Research and Development of Major Automakers in China

Diversified technology roadmap is adopted by China automakers in their electric vehicle productsThe majority of products are still in the stage of product development or pilot production for Demo.


1.7 Conclusion

Under pressure of oil shortage and CO2 emission, the Chinese government has classified electric vehicle as a strategic emerging industry and enacted a lot of policies to encourage development of electric vehicle, also some Electric Vehicle Industry Alliances are founded.

The Chinese automakers adopted their own technology roadmaps with diversified technological plans.

The majority of products are still in the stage of product development or pilot production for Demo.

A lot of researches have been made by the Chinese government and automotive industry regarding electric vehicle standard.

Under pressure of oil shortage and CO2 emission, the Chinese government has classified electric vehicle as a strategic emerging industry and enacted a lot of policies to encourage development of electric vehicle, also some Electric Vehicle Industry Alliances are founded.

The Chinese automakers adopted their own technology roadmaps with diversified technological plans.

The majority of products are still in the stage of product development or pilot production for Demo.

A lot of researches have been made by the Chinese government and automotive industry regarding electric vehicle standard.


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Contents




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2. Electric Vehicle Research & Development by FAW

2.1 FAW’s Low Carbon Emission Enterprise Strategy — “Blueway”

Promote both low carbon technologies for traditional powertrain and new energy vehicles

Fully improve low carbon emission and energy saving technology for

traditional powertrain vehicle

Vigorously promote new energy vehicle technology

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FAW’s overall technology strategy for new energy vehicle is “economically feasible, technically available and environmentally compatible ”


Economically feasible, technically available and environmentally compatible

Passenger car

2.1 FAW’s Low Carbon Emission Enterprise Strategy — “Blueway”

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HEVHEV

PHEVPHEV R-ER-E

EVEV FC-EVFC-EV

HEV：Hybrid electric vehiclePHEV：Plug-in hybrid vehicleR-E：Range-extended electric vehicleEV：Electric vehicleFC-EV：Fuel cell electric vehicle

2.2 FAW Electric Vehicle Technology Roadmap

CO2 OrientationBased on Maturity of Battery Technology Key components in-house Society, Family and Automobiles


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Technology road map HEV/PHEV HEV/PHEV RE EV FCEV

Configuration

Function

Idle start-stop √ √ - - -

Electric drive √ √ √ √ √

Driving generation √ √ - √ √

Engine and motor drive √ √ - - √

Brake energy recovery √ √ √ √ √

External charge (-) / √ (-) / √ √ √ √

Low carbon emission level >35% / >50% >35% / >50% 60% >100% 100%

Develop electric vehicle technologies aiming to meet vehicle CO2 emission targets.

2.2 FAW Electric Vehicle Technology Roadmap — CO2 Orientation


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Develop corresponding new energy vehicles gradually based on the maturity of battery technology and cost acceptability

Low Powertrain electrification High

EV

FC-EV

PHEV

Full Hybrid

Mild Hybrid

2010 2015 2020 2025 2030

Mat

urity

of b

atte

ry te

chno

logy

2.2 FAW Electric Vehicle Technology Roadmap — Based on Maturity of Battery Technology


2.2 FAW Electric Vehicle Technology Roadmap — Key Components In-house

Develop core technologies and key components

2010 2015 2020 2025

Electricdrive system

Energy storage system

Sw & Control

Vehicle integrationSystem from Tier 1FAW Vehicle

Integration

System integration

Sw & Control development

Component developmentKey components developmentPilot production

Productionproduction from system to key

components

System integrationSystem productionPack & BMS

development

Components developmentCell development

Pilot production begins

productionBe involved in cell

business

FAW development

Vehicle IntegrationSystem from Tier 1FAW Vehicle

Integration


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Integration of society, family and automobiles is the comprehensive solution for the future low carbon emission society.

PHEV/EV is the ultimate trend for the development of automobiles.

SocietyEfficient usage of renewable energySmart transportation systemSmart grid

SocietyEfficient usage of renewable energySmart transportation systemSmart grid

FamilyHome regenerative energy power generation Home energy storage systemSmart home power management

FamilyHome regenerative energy power generation Home energy storage systemSmart home power management

AutomobileBalanced home power usageBalanced power gridSmart power charge and feed control

AutomobileBalanced home power usageBalanced power gridSmart power charge and feed control

2.2 FAW Electric Vehicle Technology Roadmap — Society, Family and Automobiles


EV

PHEV

Water Energy

Wind Energy Nuclear Energy

Grid

Bio-Energy

Grid

Home

Residential area

Solar Battery

battery

Public charging station

Home charging terminal

HEMS

HongQiHongQi series HEV carseries HEV car

BesturnBesturn Full Hybrid CarFull Hybrid CarC Sample C Sample

BesturnBesturn Full Hybrid Car Full Hybrid Car B Sample B Sample

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HongQiHongQi Full Hybrid Car Full Hybrid Car A SampleA Sample

1998-2000 2002-2005 2006-2008 2009-2013

Beginning from basic research, FAW spent 10 years to develop Hybird cars based on B-class car

2.3 FAW Hybrid Car —— R&D Progress


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FAW two-motor full hybrid system FAW-TMHTM

2.3 FAW Hybrid Car —— Technical Innovation in Besturn B70 HEV

FAW two-motor full hybrid system FAW-TMHTM: it features all hybrid functions, and could be a type with plug-in

Item Parameter

CarLength/ Width/ High (mm) 4705/1782/1465

Curb Weight (kg) 1520

Assy.

Engine CA4GA5HL4 1.5L

Transmission 5AMT

E- Motor PMSM 40kW

Battery Pack 300 V / 5.3Ah/Lithium

Performance

Acceleration Performance (s)(0-100 km/h) 10.5

NEDC Fuel Consumption (L/100km) 5.9


Pilot Production

Low volume production line has been set up

Processes such as assembling of assys, body, vehicle and

EOL etc.

Demo Driving

In 2008, demo driving during Beijing Olympic Games

In 2009, demo driving at Dalian Davos Forum

In 2011, “Ten Cities, Thousand Vehicle” demo driving in

Chang Chun

Pilot Assembly Line

2.3 FAW Hybrid Car —— Besturn B70HEV (Pilot Production and Demo Driving)

Demo Driving


2525

Performance prototype

Type approval prototype

Volume production vehicle

2002-2003 2004-2006 2007-2008 2009-2012

2.4 FAW Hybrid Bus —— R&D Progress

Beginning from basic research, FAW spent totally 10 years to develop hybrid bus based on 10~12m long city bus


Function prototype

Item Parameter

Bus

Length/ Width/ Height (mm) 11995X2546X3200

Curb Weight (kg) 12050

Assy.

Engine 162 kW @ 2500 rpm

Automatic Manultransmission 5AMT

E-Motor 90 kW @ 3600 rpm

Battery Pack 336 V / 40 Ah NiMH

Performance

0-50km/h Acceleration

Performance (s)<30

City fuel consumption

(L/100km)<30（oil saving >25%）

2.4 FAW Hybrid Bus —— The 1st Generation 12m Hybrid City Bus

Launched in small volume in 2009, volume production began in 2010


Totally 482 hybrid buses have been launched in Dalian, Changchun and Kunming, etc.

In 2008, demo driving in Beijing Olympic GamesIn 2009, demo driving at Dalian Davos ForumIn 2009, “Ten Cities, Thousand Vehicle” demo driving in Dalian, Changchun and Kunming

In 2008, demo driving in Beijing Olympic GamesIn 2009, demo driving at Dalian Davos ForumIn 2009, “Ten Cities, Thousand Vehicle” demo driving in Dalian, Changchun and Kunming

2.4 FAW Hybrid Bus —— The 1st Generation 12m Hybrid Bus


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Item Parameter

CarL/W/H/mm 4050/1789/1600

Curb Weight /kg 1460

Assy.E- Motor 230Nm/75kW

Battery 336V / 70Ah Lithium

Function Slow charge（6~8h), fast charge 30min（80%SOC）

Performance

Acceleration Performance/s

(0-100 km/h)< 13

NEDC Power ConsumptionkWh/100km

<13

Pure Electric Driving Range

(NEDC)/km

160

（It can satisfy 98% of customers’ demand）

2.5 Other R&D Activities— A0 Class EV Car

Aiming for volume production, develop specific chassis, body and vehicle platform suitable for electric car .


High Voltage CAN Bus

HCUGear Box

E-Motor

MCUINV BATT BMS

Item Parameter

BusLength (mm) 11900

Curb Weight (kg) 11300（+1500）

Assy.E-Motor 80 / 150kW

Battery 384V / 360Ah

Function

Normal Charging 6~8h

Electric drive, Regenerative Braking

Perfor-mance

Max. Speed (km/h) 80

0-50km/h acceleration

performance (s)25

Cursing range in city condition (km) >120

2.5 Other R&D Activities—12m EV Bus

Aiming for volume production , develop new powertrain platform suitable for electric city bus


30

Contents



Standardization of Chinese Electric VehicleStandardization of Chinese Electric Vehicle33

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Working group for E-drive system

Working group for battery system and

application

Sub Technical Committee of Electric Vehicle

SAC/TC114/SC27

Working group for fuel-cell electric

vehicle

Working group for hybrid

electric vehicle

Technical Committee of SAC

SAC TC114

3. Standardization of Chinese Electric Vehicle

3.1 Organization for Chinese Electric Vehicle Standardization

Study and set standards for electric vehicle and hybrid vehicle

Study and set Study and set standards for electric standards for electric vehicle and hybrid vehicle and hybrid vehiclevehicle

Study and set standards regarding battery’s dimension, safety, cycle life, test procedure etc.

Study and set standards regarding battery management system, communication protocol, charging interface and charging station etc.

Study and set standards Study and set standards regarding batteryregarding battery’’s s dimension, safety, cycle life, dimension, safety, cycle life, test procedure etc. test procedure etc.

Study and set standards Study and set standards regarding battery regarding battery management system, management system, communication protocol, communication protocol, charging interface and charging interface and charging station etc.charging station etc.

Study and set standards for E-drive system

Study and set Study and set standards for Estandards for E--drive drive systemsystem

Study and set standards for fuel cell vehicle, system and component

Study and set Study and set standards for fuel cell standards for fuel cell vehicle, system and vehicle, system and componentcomponent

ISO TC22/SC21IEC TC69

World forum for coordination of

vehicle regulations UN/WP29


3.2 Architecture of Chinese Electric Vehicle Standardization

Corresponding standards are established in line with the diversified electric vehicle technologies

Architecture of electric vehicle standardization

Vehicle

EV

Charging relatedKey components

HEV FCEVEnergy storage system

E-drive system

On-board charging system

Charging interface

DC/DC

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3.3 Status of China EV Standardization

Electric Vehicle standard system has been set up after nearly fifteen years of studyThere are small amount of equivalent or modified international standards which have been

adopted in China, most standards have been developed independently according to China’s actual conditions and Electric Vehicle roadmap.

With new electric vehicle technologies and solutions emerging constantly, there are totally 47 standards to be set or revised in the period of 2011-2015.

404

3

12

7

4

7

12

Qty. of standards

have been set

GB/T

GB/T

GB/TGB/T

GB/T+QC/T

GB/T+QC/T

GB/T

GB/T

Standardfeature

Qty. of standards to

be set or revised

Standard type

47Total5Charging port

2On-board charge systemCharging-

related

2DC/DC4E-drive system

5Energy storage

systemKey component

13Fuel cell vehicle

4Hybrid vehicle

12Electric vehicleVehicle

3.4 Discussion on China Electric Vehicle Standardization — Defination of PHEV and Related

ECER101: Dav=25km ; How about in China ?

How to assess energy consumption of external charging vehicles

Definition & classification standard of PHEV

Currently, subsidy is offered according to size of battery energy in China

Relevant classification standard needs to be developed for PHEV as basis of subsidy

Range Extender：

Vehicle performance requirement in CD mode

Vehicle performance requirement in CS mode

Fuel economy assessment method of external charging vehicles

（2）

（1）

Method

C = (Dovc·C1 + Dav·C2)/(Dovc + Dav)E = (Dovc·E1 + Dav·E4) / (Dovc + Dav)

Fuel ConsumptionElectric Energy Consumption

E = (De·E1 + Dav·E4) / (De + Dav) C = (De•C1 + Dav•C2)/(De + Dav)



Battery Charging

Battery fast switch

There are some arguments between power net

and auto industry about Either battery charging or

fast switch shall be chosen, the issue itself should

be resolved by standardization.

Currently, both Europe and Japan already have

unified charging interface standards, however,

China has no such mandatory standards released

yet.

3.4 Discussion on China Electric Vehicle Standardization — Charging or Fast Switching

Modular battery will be favorable for battery manufacturers to improve product quality and reduce cost.

However, due to some restraints of personalized passenger car such as limited packaging space and load requirements, vehicle design will be hard to achieve with modular battery.

Taxi and city bus with modular battery will be beneficial to the promotion of battery’s mass production and centralized management when battery is in use.

Standards to be developed: module specification, module interfaces etc.

3.4 Discussion on China Electric Vehicle standardization — Cell and module related standards


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Electric vehicle is one of the most important solution for oil shortage and CO2 emission in china, the Chinese government and automakers have made it as the most important development direction, the EV market will grow up rapidly and EV standardization will be a major challenge.

The majority of products are still in the stage of product development or pilot production for Demo, standardization of Chinese electric vehicle is developing and does not mature enough, therefore, China should keep close cooperation with relevant international organizations in standardization and contribute its own efforts.

The technological roadmap for China electric vehicle has its own unique features, and relevant standards have particularity.

3.5 Conclusion

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Thank You for your attention !

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