A COMPARISON BETWEEN ENGLISH AND INDONESIA

A COMPARISON BETWEEN ENGLISH AND INDONESIAPASSIVE VOICEI. INTRODUCTIONa) Defining the passive voiceThis paper will focus on the comparison between English and Indonesia passive voice. The passive voice is less usual than the active voice. The active voice is the "normal" voice. But sometimes we need the passive voice. A passive construction occurs when you make the object of an action into the subject of a sentence. In Bahasa Indonesia, Passive voice is called Kalimat pasif. Kalimat Pasif adalah kalimat yang subjeknya dikenai suatu perbuatan atau aktivitas. Kalimat pasif biasanya diawali oleh awalan ter- atau di-. b) The characteristics of passive voiceThe object of an active sentence becomes the subject of the passive sentenceIntransitive (dont use object) verbs like happen, seem, etc cant be used in the passive voice.

In bahasa Indonesia, ciri-ciri kalimat pasif adalah sebagai berikut:Subjeknya sebagai penderita Predikatnya berawalan di-, ter-, atau ,ter-kanPredikatnya berupa predikat persona (kata ganti orang, disusul oleh kata kerja yang kehilangan awalan) Kata kerja yang tidak memiliki objek (Kata Kerja Intransitif) tidak dapat diubah menjadi kalimat pasif.

c) How to Make a Passive Voice?Find out the tenses of the sentence to make the to beChange the object of the active sentence become the subject of the passive voiceCheck the subject, is it plural or singular? Its to make the to be too

In Bahasa Indonesia, cara mengubah kalimat aktif menjadi kalimat pasif adalah:Subjek akan menjadi ObjekPredikat berimbuhan me menjadi di-Bila subjeknya berupa kata ganti orang pada kalimat aktif maka predikat pada kalimat aktif tidak menggunakan awalan di-. Kata ganti orang tersebut diletakkan sebelum predikat tanpa imbuhan.

d) The PatternIn English:

Subject + to be + Past Participle (Verb 3)

In bahasa Indonesia:

Objek + Predikat + Subjek

e) Conjugation for the Passive Voice in EnglishWe can form the passive in many tense. In fact, conjugation of verbs in the passive tense is rather easy, as the main verb is always in past participle form and the auxiliary verb is always be. To form the required tense, we conjugate the auxiliary verb. Here are some examples with most of the possible tenses:infinitiveto be lovedsimplepresentIt is loved.

pastIt was loved.

futureIt will be loved.

conditionalIt would be loved.continuouspresentIt is being loved.

pastIt was being loved.

futureIt will be being loved.

conditionalIt would be being loved.perfect simplepresentIt has been loved.

pastIt had been loved.

futureIt will have been loved.

conditionalIt would have been loved.perfect continuouspresentIt has been being loved.

pastIt had been being loved.

futureIt will have been being loved.

conditionalIt would have been being loved.While in Bahasa Indonesia, it has no conjugation. Passive voice in Bahasa Indonesia is formed by using some affixes (such as: di-, di-i, di-kan, diper-, diper-kan, diper-i)II. DISCUSSION AND ANALYSISThis paper is aimed at finding the differences and similarities between English and Bahasa Indonesia passive voice. By identifying the similarities and differences between both, the difficulty can be predicted. This is based on the differences between students first language (in this case Indonesian) and students target language (in this case English) make the structures of the target language rather difficult for Indonesian students. The population of the study is the grammar books and web sites that discuss the passive voice. They were analyzed through some steps: Identifying English and Bahasa Indonesia passive voice; Comparing both in sentences;Presenting the similarities and differences between English and Bahasa Indonesia passive voice. The findings from the study indicate that there are some differences and similarities between English and Bahasa Indonesia passive voice.

Here are some examples of passive voice in the two languages:Example 1:

The general election was won by SBY and Budiono.This sentence is using the passive form in the simple past tense. Object of the active sentence is "The general election", so that become the subject of the passive sentence since "The general election" is the singular (can be replaced with the pronoun it), then in the simple past tense, the right followed is "was". The past participle for the verb "win" is won. Example 2:

The Internet is being talked about by a lot of peopleIt is obvious from the active sentence A lot of people are talking about the Internet, the word which is stressed A lot of people as actors who talk about the Internet, whereas in passive sentences the Internet is being talked about by a lot of people, the word which is stressed The Internet as the perpetrator of a lot of people talking about. Example 3:

Why was the door opened by Rachel?Who is doing the action in this sentence? Rachel is the one doing the action in this sentence, but Rachel is not in the spot where you would expect the grammatical subject to be. Instead, the door is the grammatical subject. The phrasing (why was the door opened by Rachel?) puts the actor in the subject position, the position of doing somethingRachel (the actor) opened the door (the object).

In Bahasa Indonesia Example 4:

Surat ditulis oleh YusufDari contoh di atas dapat dilihat kalau dalam kalimat aktif Yusuf menulis surat, Yusuf sebagai subjek (Subject), menulis sebagai kata kerja (Verb), dan surat sebagai Objek (Object). Sedangkan pada kalimat pasif Surat ditulis oleh Yusuf, Surat sebagai subjek (Subject), ditulis sebagai kata kerja (Verb), dan Yusuf sebagai Objek (Object). Example 5:

Hadiah itu akan diberikan kepada AngieKalimat ini memiliki kata Hadiah sebagai Objek, namun dalam kalimat pasif ditempatkan sebagai subjek. Kata kerja diberikan menjadi predikat dalam kalimat ini yang mana dalam kalimat aktif pun menempati posisi sebagai predikat. Dan Angie subjek dalam kalimat ini harus dijadikan objek dalam bentuk pasif. Example 6:

Mobil itu dibuat di EropaPada kalimat Mobil itu dibuat di Eropa tidak terdapat by-phrase atau pelakunya, tapi itu tidak jadi masalah, karena kalimat tersebut tetap bisa dipahami, kalaupun ingin ditambahkan pelakunya bisa juga, maka kalimat tersebut jadi Mobil itu dibuat di Eropa oleh seorang ahli. Penjelasan sama seperti dua contoh kalimat pasif dalam bahasa Indonesia diatas. Karena dalam bahasa Indonesia, hanpir tidak pernah ditemukan kesulitan dalam kalimat pasif. From the sentences above we can find the similarities and the differences between the English and Indonesia passive voice. The similarities are: Only transitive verb may be used in passive voiceBoth have similar identity, namely when the subject of transitive verb receives the action Both sometimes need a word to mark the doer, by for English and oleh for Bahasa Indonesia

While the differences of English and Indonesia passive voice are:English passive sentences are characterized by the word be + past participle (V3). In Bahasa Indonesia, the passive voice is formed by using some affixes (such as: di-, di-i, di-kan, diper-, diper-kan, diper-i) and using kalimat pasif bentuk diri/pronoun substitutes (such as: saya, mereka, beliau, dia, olehmu, kami, etc.). In English, the subject and the time signal determine the form but in Bahasa Indonesia they dont.

III. CONCLUSIONThis paper has discussed the comparison between English and Indonesia passive voice. There are both similarities and differences explained in this paper. The paper shows that in general English passive voice adopts structures that are relatively different from Indonesia passive voice. The similarities and differences are completing each other. We have to remember that Intransitive verb can not be used in both English and Indonesia passive voice.

Bibliography Baron, Dennis. "The Passive Voice Can Be Your Friend," Declining Grammar and Other Essays on the English Vocabulary (Urbana: NCTE, 1989), pages 17-22. Evi, Diannovita P. M. A. A Contrastive Analysis on English and Indonesia Passive Voice. Universitas Sebelas Maret. Surakarta.Azar, Betty S. Understanding and Using English Grammar. Second Edition. Englewood Cliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, Inc., 1989. Murphy, Raymond. English Grammar in Use. Cambridge University Press. University of Cambridge. 1985. Suyudi, Ichwan dan Sri Widiati. Bahasa Inggris 1, Seri Diktat Kuliah. Gunadarma University. 1996. 1996.

SEMANTICSA COMPARISON BETWEEN ENGLISH AND INDONESIAPASSIVE VOICE

Name: Agia Rahma PutriClass: 4BStd. number: 0809075

ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE THE FACULTY OF ART AND EDUCATIONINDONESIA UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATIONBANDUNG 2010