Chapter 6 The Periodic Table

A Few People…..

Dobreiner organized elements into “________________”

Triad – set of ____elements with______ properties

Newlands -Noticed patterns of ____________ or _____________ o Arranged elements based on ____________

Meyer Organized elements in a useful way but does not get as much credit as….

Mendeleev o Organized elements based on______________ -no idea of atomic number or number of protons at

this time ~1868o Left “______________________” for elements that had not yet been discoveredo He predicted the ______and__________________properties of elements that had yet to be

discovered (quite accurately)

Mosely -1913 - arranged the periodic table by the number of _____________ (_______________)

• Periodic Law- Elements are arranged by increasing _________________________; there is a _________________________in their _______________ and _________________ properties.

The Periodic Table

• Horizontal rows: – Called _______________________– ____________periods

• Show the number of the _____________or ____________________• Vertical columns:

– Called____________ or _________________ – Show the ___________________________– Elements in a group have similar____________and _______________ properties

• Group A Vs Group B – Group A known as the __________________________

• Includes ___________– Group B known as the _________________________

• Includes elements___________________________________

Valence Electrons

• Do you remember how to determine the number of valence electrons?

• Transition and Inner Transition metals generally have___________________ valence electrons

Classification of Elements

Another way to classify

Metals

– ___________________

– ___________________

– ___________________

– _________________________________

– __________________

Metals

• They are mostly __________________at room temp.

• What is one exception?

Nonmetals

– _________________

– _________________

– _________________

• Some are __________, but many are _____________, and ______________ is a liquid.

• Form ________________________

Metalloids

• Known as ____________________

• characteristics of both___________ and_________________

• _______________ but_________________

• ________________________

Periodic Trends

• There are several important atomic characteristics that show predictable trends that you should know.

The first and most important is________________________.

Atomic Radius

Radius is the______________from the _______ of the ____________ to the “_______” of the electron cloud.

– (__________________________________________________________________________)

• Two Br atoms bonded together are ______________ apart. So, the radius of each atom is 1.43 Å.

• Vertical Column – ______________________________

– With each step down the family, we_______an entirely _____________________ to the electron cloud, making the atoms _________ with each step.

• Horizontal Row- __________________ (generally)

– Each step adds a __________and an _______________ (and 1 or 2 neutrons).

– Electrons are_______________to existing________________. (They are________________)

Effective Nuclear Charge

• The effect is that the________________________________ has a______________on the electron cloud.

• The nucleus is more__________ and the electron cloud is more _______________.

• The__________________________________________________, making atoms smaller as we move from left to right across a period.

Ionization Energy

– Energy ___________________________________________________________________________

• Easier to remove an electron from group____ than group_____

• Easier to remove electrons that are ______________________from the nucleus (elements at the bottom of a group)

• Electronegativity

– It is the ability ___________________________________________________________________

Element Characteristics

Periodic Table