Learn to live in this world with self-respect. You should always cherish some ambition

of doing something in this world. But remember that the age of selflessness has

ended. A new epoch is set in. All things are now possible because of your being able to participate in the politics and legislature of

your country.

- Dr. B.R. Ambedkar

2

Preface

“elect to end atrocities”

In India, every day 27 atrocities, 13 murder, 5 home or possesion burning, 6 kidnap/abduction, 3 rape, 11 beating cases take place against dalits. In every 18 minutes a crime take place against the dalits.

This is not only a crime against a faceless, powerless and defenseless dalit, but a crime against the community, nation and humanity. Sixty years ago the great visionary Dr. Ambedkar could foresee that caste would be a major determinant in social, political and economic status of an individual. Therefore, as the Law Minister and chief architect of the Constitution, he laid down provisions seeking to contain untouchability and discrimination and those facilitating social engineering. Finding it unable to overwhelm the prejudices against the caste, specific provisions on prohibiting physical violence and atrocity were passed in the form of SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocity) Act, 1989 (and Rules 1995 therefor). However, the Act has failed to curb the mentality which perpetuates discrimination and violence. Rather it would be more appropriate to say that governments after government have failed to implement the Act in the letter and spirit. The crimes against dalits have been on the rise in most of the states and Union territories. The penchant to show the crimes against dalits decreasing has made the filing of a case under the Act itself almost impossible. The proponents of the theory of abuse of the Act have been crying hoarse, and some have even gone to the extent of proposing repealing the Act itself. The state, administration, the police, the judiciary all must share the blame for failing dalits in the country. Thousands of victims of atrocities are languishing for decades in the hope of getting justice one day.

Now with the general election around let us come together to elect only those who offer complete safety and security to dalits. All atrocities must stop now. The safety and security of more than 240 million people in this country, their dignity, survival and well being is the most important issue. Dalits demand that the forthcoming governments must promise and show manifest commitments towards bringing about appropriate amendments in the SC/ST Act, ensure social and economic provisions to a sustained campaign against atrocity, and respect global commitments towards ending discrimination against dalits including reconsideration of govt of India’s position on the Durban Declaration and Programme of Action.

The National Consultation (20th -21st March 2009, Delhi) on the SC/ST Prevention of Atrocity Act explicitly reflected this feeling. Dalit activists from more than 15 states of India vowed to elect those who can end atrocity. Let us join in this effort. Let us educate everybody who lies in the scepter of violence, atrocity and discrimination, to elect a party, a candidate who not only promises but also manifestly believes that there can be no compromise on the safety and personal security. Let all of us believe that only parties and candidates who can broaden their horizon to see that this issue would be a major determinant of India’s role in global political order, would lead us to a better tomorrow.

Let us elect to end atrocity. Let us take a pledge towards that.

For and on behalf of millions of struggles for dignity and against atrocity

Ajay K Jha

3

SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989Offence Punishable by Life Imprisonment + Fine

Section Offence Fine

3 (2) (i) Deliberately giving false evidence in cases against a SC/ST which could result in the SC/ST being convicted of a capital offence (if giving false evidence results in SC/ST being executed, the offence is punishable by death)

Rs. 1 lakh of full compensation, whichever is greater. 50% paid on charge sheet and 50% on conviction in Trial Court.

3 (2) (iv) Deliberately damaging or attempting to damage with fire and explosives a place of worship or place of residence of a SC/ST, or a place used by a SC/ST for strorage of property in his custody (such as a godown)

At least Rs. 50,000/-

3 (2) (v) Commits any offence under IPC (45 of 1860) punishable with imprisonment for 10 years or more against a person or property.

Offence Punishable by 6 months to 7 years or more + Fine

3 (2) (ii) Deliberately giving false evidence in cases against a SC/ST which could result in the SC/ST being convicted of an offence which is not capital

Rs. 1 lakh or full compensation, whichever is greater. 50% paid on charge sheet and 50% on conviction in Trial Court

3 (2) (iii) Deliberately damaging or attempting to damage with fire and explosives any property (other than house or temple or godown) of a SC/ST

At least Rs. 50,000/-

3 (2) (vi) Intentionally removing evidence in a case or giving false information

3 (2) (vii) Public servant committing an offence (minimum term of punishment will be one year)

Full compensation. 50% paid on charge sheet and 50% on conviction by Trial Court

4 Public servent (not SC/ST) willfully neglecting his duties under the Act (maximum term of punishment will be one year)

8 A person giving financial help or being part of a group committing an offence

Offence Punishable by 6 months to 5 years or more + Fine

3 (1) (i) Forcing a SC/ST to eat or drink any inedible or obnoxious substance Rs. 25,000/- or more to each victim; 25% paid on charge sheet and 75% on conviction by Trial Court3 (1) (ii) Dumping excreta, waste, carcasses or obnoxious substance in premises

or neighbourhood

3 (1) (iii) Removing clothes, parading naked or with painted face or body; any other similar derogatory act to human dignity

3 (1) (iv) & 3 (1) (v)

Wrongfully occupying or cultivating, or dispossessing (by getting land transferred) a SC/ST from, any land owned by, or allotted to, him or her, or interfering with the enjoyment of his rights over any land, premises or water

Rs. 25,000/- or more to each victim and restoration of land/house/water-supply; full payment when charge sheet filed

3 (1) (vi) Forced or bonded labour (‘beggar’) Rs. 25,000/- or more to each victim; 25% paid at FIR stage and 75% on conviction in Trial Court

3 (1) (vii) Forcing SC/STs to vote or not to vote for a candidate Upto Rs. 20,000/- to each victim

3 (1) (viii) Filing false, malicious or vexatious cases against a SC/ST Rs. 25,000/- or actual expenses and compensation, whichever is less. Full amount3 (1) (ix) Giving false information to Government against a SC/ST, resulting in

injury or annoyance to him

3 (1) (x) Insulting, intimidating or humiliating a SC/ST in public Upto Rs. 25,000/-. 25% paid on charge sheet and 75% on conviction by Trial Court

3 (1) (xi) Assaulting, dishonouring, outraging the modesty of a SC/ST woman Rs. 50,000/- to each victim. 50% paid after medical examination and 50% after trial3 (1) (xii) Sexual exploitation of SC/ST woman

3 (1) (xiii) Spoiling a water source used by SC/STs Upto Rs. 1 lakh or full cost of restoration. Payment at any stage as deemed fit by District Administration

3 (1) (xiv) Obstructing access of a SC/ST to a public place Upto Rs. 1 lakh or full cost of restoration of access right and full compensation of any loss suffered. 50% paid on charge sheet and 50% on conviction in Trial Court

3 (1) (xv) Forcing a SC/ST to leave his house, village Restoration of site/right to stay. Rs. 25,000/- to each victim and house reconstruction at Government expense if house is destroyed. 100% paid on charge sheet.

4

exPeriences: imPlementation of the act

In the recent times when we are preparing for the formation of the 15th Loksabha of the Indian Democracy, it becomes very important that we seriously think about the conditions of the community who is still deprived of the mainstreams of democracy - Judiciary, Right to Equality, Right to Live with Dignity. During last 60 years of Independence we have made some progress in providing right to equality to our citizens. But still in the case of SC/ST population, their right to live with dignity and equality is an issue of grave concern. The feudalistic tendency of the exploitation and oppression is still prevelent. After the enactment of legislations like SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989, they have no doubt, become ‘equal’ on papers but in reality a dalit is that segment of the society who is still compelled to build their lives in the periphery of the village. Religious funda-mentalism still prevent them from entering into the temples, they are forced to undertake manual scavenging in large numbers of urban and rural areas, they are compelled to work as bounded labour in agriculture and other sectors and are most vulnerable towards exploitation, oppression, insult, atrocity etc. The following data of the crime against dalits clearly shows their status:

Cases registered in 2005-2007 (NCRB Report)

State Schedule Caste Schedule Tribe Total Atrocities

Year 2005 2006 2007 2005 2006 2007 2005 2006 2007

Andhra Pradesh 3117 3891 3383 515 793 753 3632 4684 4136

Bihar 1824 7043 2786 82 56 65 1906 7099 2851

Chhattisgarh 454 444 511 497 583 615 951 1027 1126

Jharkhand 277 333 538 483 332 268 760 665 806

Karnataka 1780 1730 1844 161 214 205 1941 1944 2049

Madhya Pradesh 4356 4214 4106 1613 1498 1501 5969 5712 5607

Maharashtra 865 1053 1166 224 267 239 1089 1320 1405

Rajasthan 3795 3910 1474 863 967 1110 4658 4877 2584

Uttar Pradesh 4397 4960 6144 06 11 04 4403 4971 6148

Tamilnadu 126 991 1743 13 24 17 139 1015 1760

The report also shows that every day 27 atrocities, 13 murder, 5 home or possesion burning, 6 kidnap/ab-duction, 3 rape, 11 beating cases take place against dalits. The report also highlights that in every 18 minutes there is one crime against the dalits. In the year 2007, there are 30,031 and 5,532 registered cases of atrocities against SC and ST respectively.

In order to prevent this atrocity against the SC/ST population in the society, the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocity) Act, 1989 has been enacted. Section 3 of the Act describes the crimes against members of SC/ST community and it also talks about the punishment. However, in the context of the above data, it becomes very significant to analyse the implementation of the Act according to its provisions. When we look into the status of the Act at the level of implementation and the reasons due to which the dalit population is not being able to take the benefit of the Act, we find the following facts:

At the level of FIR:

Police avoids lodging FIR•

Influence of dominant castes on police administration•

Non-cooperation of local police/constabulary•

Derogatory behavior in local police stations•

Political interference•

5

Not using the proper sub-sections of the IPC and SC/ST Act in the FIR according to section 6 of the SC/ST • (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989

Changing the names of the offenders•

In the cross cases, police pressurize the victim for compromise.•

Anti Dalit attitude and mind set•

At the level of Investigation:

Section 17 of the Act provides that investigation would be conducted by an officer not below the rank of Dy. S.P. However, the majority of investigations are conducted by officer below the rank of Dy.S.P. because almost all the states do not have adequate number of Dy. S.Ps. The flagrant violation of the Act is committed the investi-gations are done by officials below the rank of Dy.S.P. as they lack the sensitivity and understanding of the Act and social and political aspects of the crime committed against the dalits. Preconceived notions, influenced by opinion leaders and dominant castes also affects the quality of investigation. As a result there is invariably a delay in filling charge sheets and when it is filed it suffers from a number of inadequacies resulting in acquittal of the convict.

At the level of Trial:

Non-existence of special courts•

More than 75% of cases result in acquittal•

More than 70% of cases have been pending for over a decade•

Section 14 lays down provision for special courts, but these courts do not have the mandate to take cogni-• zance of the cases directly, untill and unless the cases are committed by magistrates

The Act or the rules are ambiguous about whether special courts have original jurisdiction or whether they • are only courts of committal

Lack of knowledge among the Advocates, Police and judicial officers about the exact provisions of the • Act.

The appointment of special public prosecutor envisaged in section 15 has not been done in number of • states.

Gross negligence an insensivity of court staff in recording statements of the victims and overlooking criti-• cal facts

In majority of cases the charges are framed under milder laws viz. Civil Rights Protection Act or the Indian • Penal Code (IPC) rather than the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act.

Other Issues:•

Atrocities like social boycott, economic exploitation, Cast based discrimination etc. are ever hardly booked • under the Act

Section 21 lays down provisions for travel allowance for the victim to attend judicial process and social and • economic rehabilitation. State governments are always found wanting in providing either travel allowance or support for social and economic rehabilitation to the victim and their families.

Deliberate attempts of oversight of crimes falling under the Act and officials refusing to register cases un-• der the Act section 4 of the Act provides a punishment extending from 6 months to a year for such willful negligence

In the circumstances it becomes very obvious that the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 is very poorly implemented. Social pressure and lack of adequate infrastructure make the situation even worse.

6

National Consultation on SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989

“Elect to end Atrocities”A Civil Society Initiative

A National Consultation on SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989 was organized in New Delhi on 20-21 March 2009. Representatives of various Dalit organizations form different states of India, bureaucrats, retired officials, advocates, peoples representative and various media personalities participated in this two day consultation. Representatives from various states highlighted the present status of the implementation of the Act and challenges faced by Dalits. Apart from this a number of dalit victims from different states also shared their experiences. Participants discussed the experiences of working of the Act in detail and recommended necessary amendments/possibilities for the strengthening of the Act.

Some reflections on the working of the Act:

Mr. P.S. Krishnan (Ex-secretary, Ministry of Welfare and author of the Act):

Political leadership has failed dalits and the SC/ST (POA) Act. The purpose of the Act has been defeated by its lackadaisical implementation. Justice delayed is justice denied and the dalit activists should focus on asking for amendments which would ensure expeditious trials of the cases under the Act. Dalit organizations all over the country should make atrocities on dalits an electoral issue.

Mr. K. B. Saxena (Ex-member, Planning Commission):

In most of the state the implementation of the Act has been very poor and dalits need to take commitments from political parties in the fray for proper implementation of the Act, and ensure that the commitments are complied to when these parties form the government.

Ms. Satya Bahen (Member, National Commission for Schedule Caste):

The NCSC has given recommendations for proper implementation and amendments in the Act a number of times, but successive governments have failed to take notice of this and as a result millions of dalits are facing untouchability and atrocity without sufficient recourse to the law.

Ms. Yasmeen Abrar (Member, National Commission for Women):

Dalit women suffer multiple discrimination and atrocity, and do not get adequate relief despite existence of laws like SC/ST (POA) Act, 1989.

Mr. Tsering Samphel (Member, National Commission for Scheduled Tribe):

There is a complete of awareness among the tribal population to seek the help of the Act and the Commission, which results in very few cases registered in the commission.

Mr. Swami Agnivesh (Ex. Member of Parliament, President, Bandhua Mazdoor Mukti Sanghthan):

The practice of caste based identity has become the destiny of dalits. This destiny and its manifestation have deprived more than 80 % of the Indian population from their constitutional rights. The same has also influenced the implementation of the SC/ST (POA) Act, 1989 resulting in its bad implementation.

Mr. Sanjay Paswan (Ex-Union Minister):

The Dalit politics in India is still in its first phase viz. phase of petitioning. While the politics on other issues are in their advanced stage and have moved to the phase of claiming. Dalit politics need to be more assertive.

Mr. Sanjay Parikh (Senior Advocate, Supreme Court):

The implementation of SC/ST (POA) Act, 1989 in entire country is far from satisfaction. If central and state governments do not take proper action to strengthen its implementation, then we have all the rights to take legal recourse.

Mr. Bharat Dogra (Senior Journalist):

There is a lack of information about the SC/ST (POA) Act, 1989 in the rural areas, for which there is a need to take collective efforts. There is also a need, at Panchayat level, to form a group of activists from dalit and other communities who are conscious of their rights and can monitor the implementation process.

7

Recommendations for improved implementation and amendment in the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989

and Rules 1995

The Consultation demanded that the following amendments/modification be brought in the Act and the Rules immediately:

The ban put by the Supreme Court’s decision in the Gangula Ashok Vs. State of Andhra • Pradesh, which prevents special courts from taking cognizance of cases, unless committed by magistrates should be reviewed by an appropriate amendment specifying special courts as courts of original jurisdiction with respect to cases under the SC/ST Act.

Section 4 should be amended to include “refusal to file FIR” and “Charges framed under • inappropriate sections of the Act” the punishment should also be made stringent enough to create a deterrent in willful negligence by public authorities/police officers.

The variations in implementation of the Act in different states should be removed immediately • and all the states should have uniform application and implementation of the Act. The states where the cases under SC/ST Act are not being filed should be compelled to follow the national legislation.

In respect of the spirit of the SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act special and exclusive courts • to try cases of SC/ST Act should be created immediately.

Special public prosecutors should be appointed in all the states.•

Legal aid is a constitutional right and it should be made available to the victims in all • circumstances. Special measures for ensuring travel allowance to the victims and social and economic rehabilitation of victims and their families should be ensured. Besides, expenses for education to children and livelihood opportunities should also be made available to the victims and their families.

The monitoring and vigilance committees at state and district level should be made effective • with the task of regular/periodic review. SC/ST development corporations at national and state level to look into the social and economic aspects should also be created as soon as possible.

The review of working of the Act should be taken up immediately in all the states. Its periodic • review in future should also be ensured.

All cases pending should be disposed off in a time bound manner. All cases registered in • future in the Act should be disposed off expeditiously within a predetermined time frame.

The adequacy of infrastructure should be ensured in a time bound manner, the priority should • be given to more atrocity prone states.

Previous recommendations by the NCSC, NCST and NHRC should be considered and brought • into effect.

8

Participants of theNational Consultation on SC/ST (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989

“Elect to end Atrocities”

Adivasi Adhikar Manch Madhya Pradesh•

Alliance for Dalit Rights Maharashtra•

Ambedkar Mahasabha Uttar Pradesh•

CECOEDECON Rajasthan•

Centre for Dalit Rights Rajasthan•

Centre for Dalit Human Rights Rajasthan•

Dalit Adhikar Manch Jharkhand•

Dalit Dasta Virodhi Andolan Punjab•

Dalit Kashta Nivaran Samiti Haryana•

Development Initiative Orissa•

Institute for Dalit Rights Kerala•

JANSAHAS Madhya Pradesh•

Lok Vikas Sansthan Bihar•

Mazdoor Kisaan Samiti Jharkhand•

National Conference of Dalit Organizations New Delhi•

NIDAN Bihar•

PAIRVI New Delhi•

Prayas Gramin Vikas Samiti Uttar Pradesh•

Safai Karmchari Andolan Punjab•

Sahariya Mukti Morcha Madhya Pradesh•

Uttaranchal Development Institute Uttarakhand•

VIKALP Orissa•

VIZTHUGAL Tamilnadu•

bl nqfu;k esa vkRelEeku ds lkFk thuk lh[kks Abl nqfu;k esa dqN djus dh vfHkyk’kk dks lnSo ân; esa cuk, j[kuk pkfg, A ij /;ku jgs fd fu%LokFkZrk dk dky lekIr gks pqdk gS A ,d u;s ;qx dh “kq:vkr gks pqdh gS A vc lc dqN laHko gS D;ksafd vki ns”k dh jktuhfr vkSj fo/kkf;dk esa Hkkx ys ikus esa leFkZ gSa A

& MkW- ch- vkj- vEcsMdj

10

izkDdFku

^^pqusa vR;kpkj lekfIr dh izfrc)rk**

lkjs ns”k esa nfyrksa ds lkFk izfrfnu 27 vR;kpkj] 13 gR;k] 5 x`gnkg] 6 vigj.k] 3 cykRdkj o 11 ekjihV dh ?kVuk,sa gksrh gSa vkSj

izR;sd 18 feuV esa nfyrksa ds fo:) ,d vijk/k gksrk gSA ;g ,d igpkufoghu] lkeF;Zghu vkSj vlqjf{kr nfyr ds fo:) vijk/k ugha

gS cfYd ,d iwjs leqnk; ds fo:) vijk/k gSA 60 o’kZ igys gh MkW- vEcsMdj us vkxkeh le; dks ns[krs gq, dgk Fkk fd ,d O;fDr

ds lkekftd] jktuSfrd vkSj vkfFkZd Lrj dks fu/kkZfjr djus esa tkfr ,d cM+k dkjd gksxhA Qyr% fof/k ea=h vkSj lafo/kku ds izeq[k

fuekZrk ds :i esa mUgksaus vLi`”;rk ¼NqvkNwr½ vkSj HksnHkko o lkekftd O;oLFkk esa bUgsa lg;ksx djus okys fØ;kdykiksa dks jksdus ds fy,

izko/kkuksa dk fuekZ.k fd;kA ;g ik;k tkus ij fd tkfr ds fo:) iwokZxzgksa dks feVkus esa ;g izko/kku vleFkZ jgs gSa] “kkjhfjd fgalk vkSj

vR;kpkjksa ij izfrca/k ds fy, fo”ks’k izko/kku vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ¼vR;kpkj fujks/kd½ vf/kfu;e] 1989 vkSj mlds ckn vuqlwfpr

tkfr@tutkfr ¼vR;kpkj fuokj.k½ fu;e] 1995 ds :i esa ikfjr fd;s x,A rFkkfi ;g vf/kfu;e ml ekufldrk dks izfrcaf/kr djus esa

vlQy jgk gS tks HksnHkko vkSj fgalk dks fLFkj cuk, j[krh gSA ;g dguk vf/kd mfpr gksxk fd ,d ds ckn ,d lHkh ljdkjsa

vf/kfu;e dks blds ewy Lo:i vkSj HkkokFkZ ds vuq:i fØ;kfUor djus esa vlQy jgh gSaA vf/kdka”k jkT;ksa vkSj dsUnz “kkflr izns”kksa esa

nfyrksa ds fo:) vijk/kksa esa o`f) gqbZ gSA nfyrksa ds fo:) vijk/k ds xzkQ dks iznf”kZr djus dh izo`fÙk us Hkh bl vf/kfu;e ds varxZr

fdlh izdj.k ds ntZ gksus dks yxHkx vlaHko cuk;k gSA bl vf/kfu;e ds nq:i;ksx dh vo/kkj.kk izLrqr djus okys xyk QkM+ dj ph[k

jgs gSa vkSj muesa ls dqN rks bl vf/kfu;e dks fujLr fd;s tkus ds izLrko dh gn rd pys x, gSaA jkT;] iz”kklu] iqfyl] U;k;ikfydk

lHkh dks ns”k esa nfyrksa dh nqnZ”kk ds vkjksi dks lfEefyr :i ls Lohdkj djuk pkfg,A

orZeku esa tcfd gekjs pkjksa vksj pquko dk ekgkSy gS gesa ,d&lkFk feydj mudk pquko djuk pkfg, tks nfyrksa dh iw.kZr% Hk;eqfDr

vkSj lqj{kk dk izLrko izLrqr djrs gSaA lkjs vR;kpkj vc can gksus pkfg,A bl ns”k esa 4 djksM+ ls vf/kd yksxksa dh lqj{kk] mudk xkSjo

vkSj csgrj thou ,d egRoiw.kZ eqík gSA nfyrksa dh ekax gS fd vkxkeh ljdkj vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr vf/kfu;e esa mfpr la”kks/kuksa ds

fy, viuk Li’V er izLrqr djs vkSj viuh izfrc)rk lqfuf”pr djs] vkSj nfyrksa ds fo:) HksnHkko dh lekfIr dh oSf”od opuc)rk

dk lEeku djs ftlesa fd Mjcu ?kks’k.kk vkSj dk;Z ds dk;ZØe esa Hkkjrh; ljdkj ds LFkku ij iqufoZpkj Hkh lfEefyr gksA

vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ¼vR;kpkj fujks/kd½ vf/kfu;e ij 20&21 ekpZ 2009 dks ubZ fnYyh esa vk;ksftr jk’Vªh; ijke”kZ esa ;g Hkkouk

Li’Vr;k ifjyf{kr gqbZA Hkkjr ds 15 ls vf/kd jkT;ksa ls vk;s nfyr dk;ZdrkZvksa us mUgsa pquus dk ladYi fy;k tks vR;kpkj dks lekIr

dj ldrs gSaA vkb;s ge Hkh bl iz;kl esa “kkfey gksa vkSj fgalk] vR;kpkj vkSj HksnHkko ds izHkqRo esa tdM+s izR;sd O;fDr dks ,d ,sls

ny] ,sls izR;k”kh dks pquus ds fy, tkx:d djsa tks u dsoy opu ns cfYd Li’V% ;g ekurk Hkh gks fd nfyrksa dh O;fDrxr o ekufld

lqj{kk ij dksbZ le>kSrk ugha gks ldrkA gesa mu nyksa vkSj izR;kf”k;ksa dk pquko djuk pkfg, tks oSf”od jktuhfrd O;oLFkk esa Hkkjrh;

yksdra= dh Hkwfedk dks lqn`<+ djus esa bl eqís dks ,d cM+s vkSj egRoiw.kZ dkjd ds :i esa ns[krs gksa vkSj vius dk;Z{ks=@fopkj”khyrk

dks bl Lrj rd o`gn~ dj ldrs gksaA

vkb;s ge vR;kpkj lekfIr ds fy, pquko djsaA blds fy, “kiFk ysaA

vR;kpkj ds f[+kykQ vkSj xkSjoiw.kZ thou ds fy, yk[kksa ds la?k’kZ dh vksj ls bl la?k’kZ ds fy,

vt; dqekj >k

11

vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ¼vR;kpkj fujks/kd½ vf/kfu;e] 1989,sls vijk/k ftuesa vkthou dkjkokl dh ltk vkSj tqekZus dk izko/kku gS

/kkjk vijk/k tqekZuk@eqvkotk

/kkjk 3 ¼2½ 1 vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr lnL;ksa ds f[kykQ py jgs eqdneksa esa tkucw>dj >wBh xokgh nsuk rkfd ml O;fDr dks ltk fey tk,A ¼;fn ,slh >wBh xokgh ls fdlh dks e`R;qn.M feyrk gS rks vijk/k dh ltk Hkh e`R;qn.M gksxhA½

100000 #- vFkok uqdlku dh iwjh HkjikbZ tks Hkh vf/kd gksA 50 izfr”kr dk Hkqxrku U;k;ky; esa vkjksi&i= nkf[ky fd;s tkus ds ckn vkSj 50 izfr”kr U;k;ky; }kjk ltk lqukus ijA

/kkjk 3 ¼2½ 4 lnL;ksa ds fuokl ;k lkeku j[ku ds LFkku dks vkx ;k foLQksVd lkexzh }kjk uqdlku igq¡pkukA ¼Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk ¼1860 dh 45½ ds rgr ,sls vijk/k ds fy, tks fdlh O;fDr ;k mldh tk;nkn ds f[kykQ fd;k x;k gks 10 lky ;k mlls vf/kd dkjkokl dk izko/kku gSA½

de ls de 50]000 #i;s rd

,sls vijk/k ftuesa 6 ekg ls ysdj 7 o’kZ rd dh ltk vkSj tqekZus dk izko/kku gS

/kkjk 3 ¼2½ 1 o 2

vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr lnL;ksa ds f[kykQ py jgs eqdneksa esa tkucw>dj ,slh >wBh xokfg;ka nsuk ftlls vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ds lnL;ksa dks ltk fey tk,A

100000 #- vFkok uqdlku dh iwjh HkjikbZ tks Hkh vf/kd gksA 50 izfr”kr dk Hkqxrku U;k;ky; esa vkjksi&i= nkf[ky fd;s tkus ds ckn vkSj 50 izfr”kr U;k;ky; }kjk ltk lqukus ijA

/kkjk 3 ¼2½ 3 laifRr dks tks eafnj ;k lkeku j[kus ds vfrfjDr gks] fdlh foLQksVd lkexzh }kjk tkucw>dj uqdlku igq¡pkuk ;k ,slk djus dk iz;kl djukA

de ls de 50000 #i;s rd

/kkjk 3 ¼2½ 6 tkucw>dj lcwrksa dks u’V djuk vFkok fdlh ekeys esa xyr lwpuk nsukA

/kkjk 3 ¼2½ 7 yksdlsod }kjk mRihfM+r djuk ¼de ls de 1 o’kZ dh ltk½ uqdlku dh “krizfr’kr HkjikbZA 50 izfr”kr dk Hkqxrku U;k;ky; esa vkjksi i= nkf[ky fd;s tkus ds ckn vkSj 50 izfr”kr U;k;ky; }kjk ltk lqukus ij4 ,sls yksdlsod tks vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ds izfr drZO;ksa dk fuokZg ugha djrs ¼vf/kd ls vf/kd 1 o’kZ

dh ltk½

8 ,slk O;fDr tks vijk/k djus ds fy, /ku nsrk gS ;k ,sls lewg dk lnL; gS tks vijk/k djrk gS

,sls vijk/k ftuesa 6 ekg ls ysdj 5 o’kZ rd dh ltk vkSj tqekZus dk izko/kku gS

/kkjk 3 ¼1½ 1 vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ds O;fDr dks v[kk| ;k ?k`.kkRed inkFkZ ihus ;k [kkus ds fy, ck/; djuk izR;sd ihfM+r dks 25000 #i;sA 25 izfr”kr U;k;ky; dks vkjksi&i= Hkstus ds le; vkSj 75 izfr”kr fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk nks’k fl) fd;s tkus ds le;

/kkjk 3 ¼1½ 2 fdlh lnL; ds ifjlj ;k iM+ksl esa eyew=] dwM+k&djdV] i”kq”ko vFkok fdlh vU; ?k`.kkRed inkFkZ dks bdV~Bk djds mls {kfr igqapkus] viekfur vFkok ijs”kku djus dh n`f’V ls dk;Z djuk

/kkjk 3 ¼1½ 3 fdlh lnL; ds “kjhj ls cyiwoZd diM+s mrkjuk] mls uaxk djds mlds psgjs ;k “kjhj ds fdlh fgLls dks iksrdj ?kqekuk ;k ekuo dh xfjek ds fo:) ,slk gh dksbZ vU; dk;Z djuk

/kkjk 3 ¼1½ 4 fdlh lnL; ds LokfeRo esa ;k vkcafVr vFkok fdlh l{ke vf/kdkjh }kjk vkcafVr Hkwfe ij dCtk djuk ;k mldh vkcafVr Hkwfe dks vius vf/kdkj esa ysdj ml ij [ksrh djukA

izR;sd ihfM+r dks 25000 #i;s ;k vf/kdA blds lkFk Hkwfe] edku vkSj tykiwfrZ dh iqu% miyfC/kA pktZ”khV izLrqr gksus ds le; iwjk Hkqxrku

/kkjk 3 ¼1½ 5 vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ds lnL; dks mldh Hkwfe ;k ifjlj ls lnks’k csdCtk djuk ;k Hkwfe] ifjlj ;k ty ij mlds vf/kdkjksa ds miHkksx esa gLr{ksi djuk

/kkjk 3 ¼1½ 6 fdlh dks csxkj] cykr Je ;k ca/kqvk et+nwjh ds fy, etcwj djuk izR;sd ihfM+r dks 25000 #i;s rdA bl jkf”k dk 25 izfr”kr ,Q-vkbZ-vkj- djus ds le; vkSj 75 izfr”kr fopkj.k U;k;ky; }kjk nks’k fl) fd;s vkSj ltk lquk, tkus ds le;

/kkjk 3 ¼1½ 7 fdlh lnL; dks erkf/kdkj dk iz;ksx djus ls jksduk vFkok fdlh ds i{k esa tcju ernku djus ds fy, etcwj djuk

izR;sd ihfM+r dks 20000 #i;s rd

/kkjk 3 ¼1½ 8 fdlh ds lkFk >wBh] }s’kiw.kZ] rax djus okyh dkuwuh dk;Zokgh djuk 25000 #i;s rd ;k okLrfod [kpkZ vFkok eqvkotk tks Hkh de gksA U;k;ky; }kjk ltk lqukus ij iwjk Hkqxrku/kkjk 3 ¼1½ 9 ljdkjh ra= dks ,slh lwpuk nsuk ftlls lnL;ksa dks vkfFkZd uqdlku vFkok ekufld ihM+k Hkqxruh iM+s

/kkjk 3 ¼1½10 fdlh lnL; dks lkoZtfud :i ls viekfur djuk] nq%[kh djuk ;k uhpk fn[kkuk 25000 #- rdA bl jkf”k dk 25 izfr”kr pktZ “khV nkf[ky djus ds le; vkSj 75 izfr”kr U;k;ky; }kjk ltk lqukus ij

/kkjk 3 ¼1½11 fdlh efgyk dk vuknj djus] yTtk Hkax djus ds vk”k; ls geyk ;k cy iz;ksx djuk izR;sd ihfM+r dks 50000 #i;s rdA bl jkf”k dk 50 izfr”kr fpfdRldh; tkap ds ckn vkSj 50 izfr”kr eqdnek iwjk gksus ds ckn/kkjk 3 ¼1½12 fdlh efgdk dk “khy Hkax djuk vFkok ;kSu “kks’k.k djuk

/kkjk 3 ¼1½13 vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr lnL;ksa }kjk bLrseky fd;s tkus okys ty dks iznwf’kr djuk 100000 #- rd vFkok iqufuZekZ.k dh iwjh dher vFkok ftyk iz”kklu }kjk r; dh xbZ jkf”k dk Hkqxrku

/kkjk 3 ¼1½14 lnL;ksa dks fdlh lkoZtfud LFkku ij izos”k u djus nsus ds bjkns ls jkLrk jksduk 100000 #- rd Vkok vf/kdkj izkIr djus dh iwjh dher vFkok fd;s x, uqdlku dk iwjk eqvkotkA bl jkf”k dk 50 izfr”kr dk Hqxrku pktZ”khV nkf[ky djus ds le; vkSj 50 izfr”kr dk Hkqxrku U;k;ky; }kjk ltk lqukus ds ckn

/kkjk 3 ¼1½15 lnL;ksa dks mudk fuokl LFkku ;k “kgj ;k xkao NksM+us ds fy, etcwj djuk LFkku@fjgkb”k ds vf/kdkj dk izR;korZuA ;fn ?kj u’V gks x;k gS rks ljdkjh [kpsZ ij ?kj dk fuekZ.k] izR;sd ihfM+r dks 25000 #- dk eqvkotkA pktZ”khV nkf[ky djus ij iwjk Hkqxrku

12

vuqHko % vf/kfu;e dk fØ;kUo;uorZeku le; esa tcfd ge Hkkjrh; yksdra= dh 15oha yksdlHkk ds xBu dh rS;kjh dj jgs gSa] ;g cgqr egRoiw.kZ gS fd ml leqnk; dh fLFkfr;ksa ds ckjs esa xaHkhjrk ls fopkj fd;k tk, tks fd yksdra= dh izeq[k /kkjkvksa & U;k;ikfydk] cjkcjh ds vf/kdkj] xkSjoiw.kZ thou ds vf/kdkj vkfn ls vkt Hkh oafpr gSA Lorar=k ds mijkar vk/kh ls vf/kd lnh ds chr tkus ds ckn ns”k ds lHkh ukxfjdksa dks cjkcjh dk vf/kdkj nsus ds ekeys esa dqN ek;uksa esa izxfr Hkh gqbZ gS ijarq vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ds lanHkZ esa ;g izxfr lafo/kku ;k le;&le; ij dkuwuksa esa la”kks/ku ds ckotwn ,d fopkj.kh; fcanq gSA nfyrksa ds “kks’k.k dh lkearoknh izo`fÙk vkt Hkh T;ksa dh R;ksa cuh gqbZ gSA vuwlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ¼vR;kpkj fujks/kd½ vf/kfu;e tSls dkuwu cu tkus ds ckn dkxt+h :i ls Hkys gh os leku gks x, gksa ijarq okLrfod :i esa nfyr vkt Hkh lekt dk og fgLlk gSa tks cLrh ls ckgj vius ?kj cukus ds fy, foo”k gSaA /kkfeZd :f<+okfnrk vkt Hkh mUgsa nsoky;ksa esa izos”k ls oafpr j[krh gS] cM+h la[;k esa “kgjh o xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa tcju lQkbZ dk;Z ds fy, foo”k fd;s tkrs gSa] d`f’k o vU; dk;ksZa ds fy, ca/kqvk et+nwj dh rjg dk;Z djrs gSa vkSj izrkfM+r] viekfur] frjLd`r fd;s tkus ds fy, lcls vklku f”kdkj gSaA orZeku le; esa nfyrksa dh D;k fLFkfr gS bls fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa nfyrksa ds fo:) fd;s tkus okys vijk/kksa ds bl vkadM+s ls Li’Vr% tkuk tk ldrk gS &

o’kZ 2005&2007 esa ntZ ?kVuk,sa ¼,u-lh-vkj-ch- fjiksVZ½

jkT; vuqlwfpr tkfr vuqlwfpr tutkfr dqy ?kVuk,sa

o’kZ 2005 2006 2007 2005 2006 2007 2005 2006 2007vka/kz izns”k 3117 3891 3383 515 793 753 3632 4684 4136

fcgkj 1824 7043 2786 82 56 65 1906 7099 2851

NÙkhlx<+ 454 444 511 497 583 615 951 1027 1126

>kj[k.M 277 333 538 483 332 268 760 665 806

dukZVd 1780 1730 1844 161 214 205 1941 1944 2049

e/;izns”k 4356 4214 4106 1613 1498 1501 5969 5712 5607

egkjk’Vª 865 1053 1166 224 267 239 1089 1320 1405

jktLFkku 3795 3910 1474 863 967 1110 4658 4877 2584

mRrjizns”k 4397 4960 6144 6 11 04 4403 4971 6148

rfeyukMq 126 991 1743 13 24 17 139 1015 1760

blds vfrfjDr fjiksVZ ;g Hkh n”kkZrh gS fd lkjs ns”k esa nfyrksa ds lkFk izfrfnu 27 vR;kpkj] 13 gR;k] 5 x`gnkg] 6 vigj.k] 3 cykRdkj o 11 ekjihV dh ?kVuk,sa gksrh gSa vkSj izR;sd 18 feuV esa nfyrksa ds fo:) ,d vijk/k gksrk gSA o’kZ 2007 esa lkjs ns”k esa vuqlwfpr tkfr o vuqlwfpr tutkfr ij vR;kpkj ds Øe”k% 30]031 o 5]532 ekeys ntZ fd;s x, gSaA

lkekftd O;oLFkk esa nfyrksa ij fd;s tkus okys vR;kpkjksa dh jksdFkke ds fy, vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr vR;kpkj fujks/kd dkuwu] 1989 cuk;k x;kA bl vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 3 ds varxZr vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ds lnL;ksa ij gksus okys vijk/kksa dk o.kZu fd;k x;k gS vkSj muds fy, ltk dk fooj.k Hkh fn;k x;k gS] ijarq mDr vkadM+ksa ds eísut+j bl dkuwu ds izko/kkuksa ds vuq:i fØ;kUo;u dh leh{kk djuk vR;ar egRoiw.kZ gSA fØ;kUo;u Lrj ij dkuwu fdl fLFkfr esa gS vkSj os D;k dkj.k gSa ftuds pyrs nfyrksa dks vkt Hkh bldk ykHk ugha fey ik jgk gS bldh rg esa tkus ij tks rF; lkeus vkrs gSa os bl izdkj gSa &

,Q-vkbZ-vkj- ds Lrj ij %l iqfyl }kjk ,Q-vkbZ-vkj- ntZ u djuk

l iqfyl iz”kklu ij izHkko”kkyh tkfr;ksa dk izHkko@ncko

l LFkkuh; iqfyl ny dk vlg;ksx

l LFkkuh; iqfyl Fkkuksa ij vHknzrkiw.kZ o viekutud O;ogkj

l jktuSfrd gLr{ksi

13

l iqfyl }kjk ,Q-vkbZ-vkj- esa bl vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 6 esa mYysf[kr Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk dh /kkjkvksa o vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr vf/kfu;e dh mfpr /kkjkvksa dk iz;ksx u djuk

l nksf’k;ksa ds uke cny nsuk

l izfri{kh }kjk Hkh dsl ntZ fd;s tkus ¼ØkWl dsl½ dh fLFkfr esa ihfM+r ij le>kSrs ds fy, ncko Mkyuk

l nfyr fojks/kh ekufldrk o O;ogkj

vUos’k.k ds Lrj ij %l dkuwu dh /kkjk 17 ds eqrkfcd bl vf/kfu;e ds varxZr ntZ izdj.kksa dh tk¡p mi&iqfyl v/kh{kd Lrj ds uhps ds vf/kdkjh }kjk ugha dh tk,xhA ijarq okLrfod ifjn`”; esa ;g tk¡p bl Lrj ds uhps ds vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk dh tkrh gS D;ksafd fu/kkZfjr Lrj ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dh la[;k vi;kZIr gSA vUos’k.k vf/kdkfj;ksa }kjk u flQZ dkuwu dh /kkjkvksa dk mYya?ku fd;k tkrk gS cfYd lkekftd o dbZ ckj O;fDrxr iwokZxzgksa] nckoksa ds pyrs vUos’k.k dh xq.koÙkk Hkh izHkkfor gksrh gSA lkFk gh vUos’k.k ds le; ihfM+r dks /kedk, tkus vkSj fdlh u fdlh cgkus vUos’k.k esa foyac Hkh fd;k tkrk gSA pktZ&”khV nkf[ky djus esa vf/kdka”k ekeyksa esa foyac fd;k tkrk gS vkSj dbZ ckj rks vf/kfu;e ds fofHkUu vuqPNsnksa ds mfpr iz;ksx ds fcukA

U;kf;d Lrj ij %fof”k’V U;k;ky;ksa dh vi;kZIrrk ¼jktLFkku ds lHkh l 33 ftyksa esa fof”k’V U;k;ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk ugha gqbZ gS] tcfd egkjk’Vª esa lHkh l= U;k;ky;ksa dks fof”k’V U;k;ky; fufnZ’V dj fn;k x;k gSA½

75 l izfr”kr ls vf/kd ekeyksa ds fu.kZ; esa vkjksih nks’keqDr dj fn;s tkrs gSa

fiNys ,d n”kd esa l 70 izfr”kr ls vf/kd izdj.k fopkjk/khu gSa

vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk l 14 ds rgr fof”k’V U;k;ky;ksa dh LFkkiuk dj nh xbZ gS ijarq mUgsa fdlh izdj.k dks lh/ks vius laKku esa ysus dk vf/kdkj ugha gS

Hkkjrh; n.M izfØ;k lafgrk ¼lhvkjihlh½ o vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr vR;kpkj fujks/kd vf/kfu;e] nksuksa esa gh ,slk dksbZ izko/kku lugha gS tks fof”k’V U;k;ky;ksa dks ;g vf/kdkj iznku djrk gks fd os izdj.k dks fcuk eftLVªsV dh lqiqnZxh ds ,d Lora= o okLrfod U;kf;d laLFkku ds :i esa vius laKku esa ys ldsa

vf/koDrkvksa] U;kf;d inkf/kdkfj;ksa o iqfyl esa vf/kfu;e dh tkudkjh dk vHkko lvf/kfu;e dh /kkjk l 15 ds vuqlkj fo”ks’k yksd vfHk;kstd dh fu;qfDr fd;k tkuk fufnZ’V gS ijarq okLrfodrk esa vf/kdka”k {ks=ksa esa fo”ks’k yksd vfHk;kstd dk in fjDr gS

U;k;ky; LVkQ }kjk ihfM+r vkSj xokgksa ds okLrfod c;kuksa dh vogsyuk l

vf/kdka”k ekeyksa esa vkjksih dks Hkkjrh; n.M lafgrk ¼vkbZ-ih-lh-½ ds rgr nks’kh Bgjk;k tkuk ctk; vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr vR;kpkj lfujks/kd vf/kfu;e dsA

vU; Lrjksa ij %xzkeh.k Lrj ij nfyrksa ds fo:) fd;s tkus okys vR;kpkj tSls fd lkekftd cfg’dkj] lkekftd o vkfFkZd “kks’k.k] tkfr vk/kkfjr lHksnHkko vkfn bl vf/kfu;e ds varxZr u fy;k tkuk

vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk l 21 ds vuq:i jkT; ljdkjksa }kjk ihfM+rksa ds ;k=k o Hkj.k&iks’k.k ds O;; dh O;oLFkk u djuk vkSj vkfFkZd o lkekftd iqu:)kj dh O;oLFkk u djuk

tkucw>dj izdj.kksa dks vuns[kk djus okys vf/kdkfj;ksa ds fo:) dksbZ dk;Zokgh u fd;k tkuk tcfd vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk l 4 ds varxZr tkucw>dj vius drZO;ksa o vf/kfu;e dk ikyu u djus okys yksdlsodksa dh fy, de ls de N% ekg ls ,d o’kZ rd ds dkjkokl dk izko/kku gSA

;g fLFkfr;k¡ Li’V djrh gSa fd vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr vR;kpkj fujks/kd dkuwu] 1989 dk fØ;kUo;u okLrfod :i esa fdruk det+ksj gS lkFk gh lkekftd ekU;rkvksa dk ncko o dkuwu dks et+cwr vk/kkj iznku djus ds fy, vko”;d ewyHkwr lajpukvksa dk vHkko blds lQy fØ;kUo;u dks fdl izdkj ckf/kr djrk gSA

14

vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ¼vR;kpkj fujks/kd½ vf/kfu;e] 1989 ij jk’Vªh; ijke”kZ^^pqusa vR;kpkj lekfIr dh izfrc)rk**

ukxj lekt dh igy

20&21 ekpZ 2009 dks ubZ fnYyh esa iSjoh }kjk lsaVj QkWj nfyr jkbV~l] lkslkbVh QkWj áweu fMfXuVh ,.M jkbV~l ¼jktLFkku½ o nfyr nklrk fojks/kh vfHk;ku ¼iatkc½ ds lkFk la;qDr :i ls vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ¼vR;kpkj fujks/kd½ vf/kfu;e] 1989 ij ,d jk’Vªh; ijke”kZ dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k] ftlesa Hkkjr ds fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa dk;Zjr nfyr laxBuksa ds izfrfuf/k] fof/kosÙkk] tu&izfrfuf/k] lsokfuo`r vf/kdkjh o lekpkj txr ds izcq) izfrfuf/k lfEefyr gq,A bl nks fnolh; ijke”kZ esa fofHkUu jkT;ksa ls vk, izfrfuf/k;ksa us vf/kfu;e dh jkT;ksa esa orZeku fLFkfr o vius dk;Z{ks= esa nfyr leL;kvksa ij izdk”k MkykA blds vykok Hkkjr ds fofHkUu fgLlksa ls vk, nfyr ihfM+rksa us Hkh bl ijke”kZ esa vius vuqHko lk>k fd;sA lfEefyr lkfFk;ksa us bl vf/kfu;e ds lanHkZ esa foLrkjiwoZd ppkZ dh] vius fopkj o;Dr fd;s o vf/kfu;e dks l”kDr djus ds fy, vko”;d la”kks/kuksa@laHkkoukvksa dh ekax izLrqr dhA

vf/kfu;e ds lanHkZ esa fopkj

Jh ih-,l- d`’.ku ¼iwoZ lfpo] dY;k.k ea=ky; o vf/kfu;e ds ys[kd½ %jktuSfrd usr`Ro nfyrksa o vf/kfu;e ds lanHkZ esa vlQy jgk gS vkSj vf/kfu;e ds mís”; dks blds fparktud fØ;kUo;u us ijkLr dj fn;k gSA U;k; esa foyac djuk U;k; ls oafpr djuk gSA nfyr dk;ZdrkZvksa dks pkfg, fd os vf/kfu;e esa ,sls lq/kkjksa dh ekax djsa tks vf/kfu;e ds varxZr ekeyksa ij “kh?kz dk;Zokgh lqfuf”pr djsaA lkjs ns”k esa nfyrksa ij gks jgs vR;kpkj dks ,d pqukoh eqík cuk;k tkuk pkfg,A

Jh ds-ch- lDlsuk ¼iwoZ lnL;] ;kstuk vk;ksx½ %flQZ dkuwu dk O;oLFkkiu gh bl fLFkr ls yM+us ds fy, i;kZIr ugha gS] D;ksafd dqN lkekftd xfrfof/k;k¡ Hkh gSa tks bl dkuwu ds nk;js esa ugha vkrha vkSj bl otg ls os vijk/k dh Js.kh esa ugha yh tkrhaA vf/kdka”k jkT;ksa esa vf/kfu;e dk fØ;kUo;u cgqr gh det+ksj fLFkfr esa gSA nfyrksa dks jktuSfrd nyksa }kjk vf/kfu;e ds lgh fØ;kUo;u ds izfr opuc)rk dh vko”;drk gS vkSj ;g lqfuf”pr gksuk Hkh vko”;d gS fd tc os jktuSfrd ny lÙkk esa gksa rks viuh opuc)rk ij [kjs mrjsaA

lqJh lR;k csgsu ¼lnL;] jk’Vªh; vuqlwfpr tkfr vk;ksx½ %vk;ksx us vf/kfuf;e esa la”kks/ku o lgh fØ;kUo;u ds fy, dqN ekaxsa o vuq”kalk izLrqr dh gS ijarq ljdkj mu ij dksbZ dne mBkus esa vlQy jgh gSA ifj.kkeLo:i yk[kksa nfyr dkuwu ds i;kZIr lgkjs ds vHkko esa vkt Hkh vLi`”;rk ¼NqvkNwr½ vkSj vU; vR;kpkjksa dk lkeuk dj jgs gSaA

lqJh ;klehu vcjkj ¼lnL;] jk’Vªh; efgyk vk;ksx½ %nfyr efgyk,sa nksgjs Lrj ij ihfM+r gSaA os nfyrksa ds chp nfyr gSaA mUgsa dbZ rjg ds HksnHkkoksa vkSj vR;kpkjksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gS vkSj vkt Hkh bl dkuwu dh mifLFkfr ds ckotwn mUgsa dksbZ mfpr jkgr izkIr ugha gSA

Jh flfjax lsEQy ¼lnL;] jk’Vªh; vuqlwfpr tutkfr vk;ksx½ %tutkfr leqnk; esa vf/kfu;e ds ykHk o vk;ksx rd igq¡p ds fy, tkudkjh vkSj tkx:drk dks iw.kZr% vHkko gS] ftlds ifj.kkeLo:i vk;ksx esa cgqr gh de ekeys ntZ gksrs gSaA

Jh Lokeh vfXuos”k ¼iwoZ lkaln o ca/kqvk et+nwj eqfDr laxBu v/;{k½ %o’kksZa ls izpfyr tkfr vk/kkfjr igpku us fu;fr dk :i ys fy;k gSA ;g HkkX;okn] tkfr o ekU;rkvksa ij vk/kkfjr O;oLFkk 80 izfr”kr ls vf/kd turk dks mlds laoS/kkfud vf/kdkjksa ls oafpr j[krh gSA bl dkuwu ds fØ;kUo;u dks Hkh bl O;oLFkk us izHkkfor fd;k gSA

Jh lat; ikloku ¼iwoZ lkaln½ %Hkkjr esa nfyr ls lacaf/kr eqíksa dh jktuhfr vHkh Hkh vius izFke pj.k esa gh gS] tcfd vU; eqíksa ij jktuhfr vius fodflr Lo:i esa gSA nfyr eqíksa dh jktuhfr dks vius bl izkjafHkd pj.k vFkkZr~ ;kpuk ds Lo:i ls vkxs vkdj vf/kdkjksa dh yM+kbZ ds Lo:i esa ifjofrZr gksus dh vko”;drk gSA

Jh lat; ikjh[k ¼ofj’B vf/koDrk] mPpre U;k;ky;½ %lkjs ns”k esa bl dkuwu dk fØ;kUo;u vkt Hkh vis{kk ds vuq:i ugha gks jgk gSA ;fn dsUnz o jkT; ljdkjsa blds fØ;kUo;u dks lqn`<+ djus ds fy, vko”;d dne ugha mBkrh gSa rks gesa dkuwu ds nk;js esa jgrs gq, U;k;ikfydk esa tkus dk vf/kdkj gS] ftldk iz;ksx djus dh gesa vko”;drk gSA

Jh Hkjr Mksxjk ¼ofj’B i=dkj½ %xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa vkt Hkh vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr vf/kfu;e dh tkudkjh dk vHkko gS] ftlds fy, la;qDr iz;kl fd;s tkus dh vko”;drk gSA iapk;r Lrj ij nfyr o vU; leqnk;ksa ds ,sls dk;ZdrkZvksa ds ny ds xBu dh vko”;drk gS tks vf/kdkjksa ds izfr lpsr gksa o dkuwu dh fØ;kUo;u

izfØ;k ij fuxjkuh j[ksaA

15

vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ¼vR;kpkj fujks/kd½ vf/kfu;e] 1989 ,oa fu;e] 1995esa la”kks/ku o csgrj fØ;kUo;u ds fy, ekaxsa

vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk 21 vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ¼vR;kpkj fujks/kd½ vf/kfu;e] 1989 ds izHkkoh fØ;kUo;u dks lqfuf”pr djus ds fy, ljdkj ds drZO;ksa dk mYys[k djrh gSA bl vf/kfu;e ds lQy fØ;kUo;u dh tokcnsgh ljdkj esa “kkfey jktuSfrd nyksa dh gS] ftldh

iwfrZ ds fy, fuEufyf[kr ekaxksa ij fofHkUu jktuSfrd nyksa dh izfrc)rk vo”;aHkkoh gksuh pkfg,A

v”kksd xkaxqyk cuke vka/kz izns”k jkT; ekeys ds fu.kZ; esa mPpre U;k;ky; }kjk ykxw dh xbZ otZuk] tks fd fof”k’V U;k;ky;ksa dks lvf/kfu;e ds varxZr fdlh izdj.k dks fcuk eftLVªsV dh vuqefr ds Lora= :i ls vius laKku esa ysus ls jksdrh gS] dks gVkdj

vf/kfu;e dks la”kksf/kr fd;k tk,

vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk l 4 esa of.kZr tulsodksa }kjk tkucw>dj dh xbZ ykijokgh dks laKku esa fy;s tkus ;ksX; vijk/k ekU; fd;k tkuk

pkfg,A lkFk gh blesa iqfyl }kjk ,Q-vkbZ-vkj- ntZ u djus] mfpr /kkjkvksa dk iz;ksx u djrs gq, vuqfpr ,Q-vkbZ-vkj- ntZ

djus dks Hkh lfEefyr fd;k tk,

dsUnzh; vf/kfu;e ds fØ;kUo;u esa lHkh jkT;ksa esa O;kIr fHkUurk dks rRdky izHkko ls nwj fd;k tkuk pkfg, o lHkh jkT;ksa esa lvf/kfu;e dks ,d:i fd;k tk,

vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ¼vR;kpkj fujks/kd½ vf/kfu;e] l 1989 ds mís”; o okLrfod vFkksZa dks dsUnz esa j[krs gq, vfuf/kfu;e dh

/kkjk 14 ds vuq:i izR;sd ftys esa fof”k’V U;k;ky;ksa dh “kh?kz LFkkiuk dh tkuh pkfg, tks fd dsoy vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ds

fo:) vR;kpkj ds ekeyksa dks gh vius laKku esa ysosa

vf/kfu;e dh /kkjk l 15 ,oa /kkjk 17 ds vuq:i vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ds fo:) vR;kpkj ds ekeyksa dh iSjoh o vUos’k.k ds

fy, fo”ks’k yksd&vfHk;kstd o fo”ks’k vUos’k.k vf/kdkjh dh “kh?kz fu;qfDr dh tkuh pkfg,] ftUgsa fd fdlh vU; dk;Z esa lafyIr u

fd;k tk,

dkuwuh lgk;rk ,d vf/kdkj gS vkSj fdUgha Hkh ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa nfyrksa dks blls oafpr ugha fd;k tkuk pkfg,A lvf/kfu;e dh /kkjk l 21 ds vuqlkj ihfM+r o mlds ifjokj dks leqfpr vkfFkZd o fof/kd lgk;rk iznku dh tkuh pkfg,] ftlesa fd

ihfM+r ds cPpksa dk f”k{kk O;;] jkst+xkj dks Hkh lfEefyr fd;k tkuk pkfg,A blds vfrfjDr ihfM+r o mlds ifjokj dh lqj{kk dk

Hkh leqfpr izca/k fd;k tk,

vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ¼vR;kpkj fuokj.k½ fu;e] l 1995 ds fu;e 17 ds vuqlkj dkuwu ds lQy fØ;kUo;u ds fy, jkT; o ftyk

Lrjh; fuxjkuh o lrdZrk lfefr;ksa dk xBu dj mUgsa “kh?kz fØ;kfUor fd;k tk,A blds vfrfjDr jk’Vªh; o jkT; Lrjh; vuqlwfpr

tkfr@tutkfr fodkl fuxe dh LFkkiuk dh tkuh pkfg,A

dkuwu esa ikjnf”kZrk o tokcnsgh lqfuf”pr djus ds fy, ,d iz.kkyh@O;oLFkk dks vfuok;Z fd;k tkuk pkfg, ftlesa fd lHkh jkT;ksa lesa fuf”pr le;karjky ij vf/kfu;e dh dk;Zfof/k dh leh{kk dh tkuh pkfg,A

vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ¼vR;kpkj fuokj.k½ fu;e] l 1995 ds fu;e 7 ds vuqlkj vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr vf/kfu;e ds varxZr

ekeyksa ij ,d fuf”pr le;kof/k esa “kh?kzxkeh dk;Zokgh dh tkuh pkfg, blds fy, vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr vf/kfu;e dh v/kkslajpuk

tSls fd fof”k’V U;k;ky;] fof”k’V tu&vf/kdkfj;ksa dh fu;qfDr vkfn dks lqn`<+ djus ds fy, leqfpr izko/kku fd;s tkus pkfg,A

fuEu lk{kjrk okys {ks=ksa esa l?kurk ds /;ku fn;k tkuk pkfg,A nfyrksa ds fy, vfuok;Z fu%”kqYd] mPp xq.koÙkk okyh o O;kolkf;d] ljkst+xkjijd f”k{kk dk izko/kku fd;k tkuk pkfg, lkFk gh “kS{kf.kd laLFkkuksa esa HksnHkkojfgr uhfr;ksa dk vuqikyu lqfuf”pr dj csgrj

vk/kkjHkwr lajpuk iznku dh tk,A

vPNh vk; ls lac) ikjaifjd O;olk; dks izksRlkfgr djus ds lkFk&lkFk jkst+xkj lqfuf”pr djus ds fy, fo”ks’k ;kstuk,sa izkjaHk dh ltkuh pkfg,A lkekftd o vkfFkZd fodkl gsrq i;kZIr d`f’k Hkwfe dk forj.k fd;k tkuk pkfg,A nfyrksa ds fy, forfjr Hkwfe ij

izHkko”kkyh Hkw&Lokfe;ksa ds dCts dks gVkdj Hkwfe nfyrksa dks okil fnykbZ tk,A

jk’Vªh; vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr vk;ksx ¼ l 1998½ rFkk jk’Vªh; ekuokf/kdkj vk;ksx ¼2000½ }kjk dh xbZ vuq”kalkvksa dks “kh?kz fØ;kfUor

fd;k tkuk pkfg,A

16

vuqlwfpr tkfr@tutkfr ¼vR;kpkj fujks/kd½ vf/kfu;e] 1989 ij vk;ksftr jk’Vªh; ijke”kZ

^^pqusa vR;kpkj lekfIr dh izfrc)rk**

ukxj lekt dh igy

esa “kkfey laLFkk,sa

vkfnoklh vf/kdkj eap e/;izns”k l

vykbal QkWj nfyr jkbV~l egkjk’Vª l

vEcsMdj egklHkk mÙkjizns”k l

fldkWbZfMdkWu jktLFkku l

lsUVj QkWj nfyr jkbV~l jktLFkku l

lsUVj QkWj nfyr áweu jkbV~l jktLFkku l

nfyr vf/kdkj eap >kj[k.M l

nfyr nklrk fojks/kh vkUnksyu iatkc l

nfyr d’V fuokj.k lfefr gj;k.kk l

MsoyiesUV bfuf”k;sfVo mM+hlk l

baLVhV~;wV QkWj nfyr jkbV~l dsjy l

tulkgl e/;izns”k l

yksd fodkl laLFkku fcgkj l

et+nwj fdlku lfefr >kj[k.M l

us”kuy dkWUÝsal vkWQ nfyr vkWxsZukbt+s”kUl ubZ fnYyh l

funku fcgkj l

iSjoh ubZ fnYyh l

iz;kl xzkeh.k fodkl lfefr mÙkjizns”k l

lQkbZ deZpkjh vkUnksyu iatkc l

lgfj;k eqfDr ekspkZ e/;izns”k l

lkslkbVh QkWj áweu fMfXuVh ,.M jkbV~l jktLFkku l

mÙkjkapy MsoyiesUV baLVhV~;wV mÙkjk[k.M l

fodYi mM+hlk l

fo>~Fkqxy rfeyukMq l