a ccademia n azionale dei l incei lincei emblem, rome, biblioteca dell'accademia nazionale dei...

ACCADEMIA NAZIONALE DEI LINCEI

Lincei emblem,Lincei emblem,Rome, BibliotecaRome, Bibliotecadell'Accademia dell'Accademia Nazionale dei LinceiNazionale dei Linceie Corsinianae Corsiniana


The foundationThe foundation of the of the AcademyAcademyTThe Accademia dei Lincei he Accademia dei Lincei

was founded in Rome on 17 was founded in Rome on 17 August 1603 by Prince August 1603 by Prince Federico Cesi andFederico Cesi andthree other young scholars: three other young scholars: Johannes van Heeck, Johannes van Heeck, Francesco Stelluti and Count Francesco Stelluti and Count Anastasio De Filiis. The arms Anastasio De Filiis. The arms and the name Lyncei arose and the name Lyncei arose from their love of science from their love of science and the desire to see into and the desire to see into the secrets of nature with a the secrets of nature with a perception as acute as that perception as acute as that of the lynx.of the lynx.

Pietro Fachetti , Portrait of Federico Pietro Fachetti , Portrait of Federico Cesi,Cesi,

Rome, Palazzo Corsini, Sala delle Scienze Rome, Palazzo Corsini, Sala delle Scienze FisicheFisiche

HISTORY


Sapientiae CupidiSapientiae Cupidi,,Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica VaticanaVatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana

The The Albo LinceoAlbo Linceo

TThis is the first document of his is the first document of the new society, in which the new society, in which the fellows of the Academy the fellows of the Academy were registered.were registered.It contains the Lincei coat of It contains the Lincei coat of arms (the lynx with the arms (the lynx with the laurel branches and laurel branches and Federico Cesi’s family Federico Cesi’s family coronet); an image of Saint coronet); an image of Saint John the Evangelist, chosen John the Evangelist, chosen as protector of the Lincei, as protector of the Lincei, with the motto with the motto Sapientiae Sapientiae CupidiCupidi; and the ; and the Proponimento LinceoProponimento Linceo, the , the first expression of their first expression of their commitment to serve the commitment to serve the human Knowledge, together human Knowledge, together with the fellows’ signatures.with the fellows’ signatures.

HISTORY


Lynceographum quo norma studiosae vitae […],Lynceographum quo norma studiosae vitae […], 1605, 1605,Rome, Biblioteca dell'Accademia NazionaleRome, Biblioteca dell'Accademia Nazionale

dei Lincei e Corsinianadei Lincei e Corsiniana

The The LynceographumLynceographum

TThis was the fundamental his was the fundamental document of the Academy, in document of the Academy, in which Federico Cesi and the which Federico Cesi and the first Lincei solemnly set out first Lincei solemnly set out their purpose and ideals of life their purpose and ideals of life and study and the aim of the and study and the aim of the new institution: «Finis eius est new institution: «Finis eius est rerum cognitionem et rerum cognitionem et sapientiam non solum sapientiam non solum acquirere (...) sed et acquirere (...) sed et hominibus voce et scriptis (...) hominibus voce et scriptis (...) pacifice pandere».pacifice pandere».

Portrait of Portrait of FrancescoFrancesco

Stelluti,Stelluti,Fabriano,Fabriano,

Town Hall Town Hall

HISTORY


OOvercoming the harsh opposition vercoming the harsh opposition of Federi-co‘s father, the Duke of of Federi-co‘s father, the Duke of Acquasparta, such as the attacks by Acquasparta, such as the attacks by the Church, the Academy survived, the Church, the Academy survived, increased its activities and gained increased its activities and gained new members in Italy and abroad.new members in Italy and abroad.Giambattista Della Porta (1538-Giambattista Della Porta (1538-1615), philosopher, scientist and 1615), philosopher, scientist and playwriter, represented the playwriter, represented the passage from the alchemical-passage from the alchemical-esoteric culture of the XVI and XVII esoteric culture of the XVI and XVII centuries to the ideas of the Lincei, centuries to the ideas of the Lincei, based upon experimental research based upon experimental research and close observation of Nature.and close observation of Nature.Galileo Galilei, who became a Galileo Galilei, who became a member in 1611, published member in 1611, published Istoria e Istoria e dimostrazioni intorno alle macchie dimostrazioni intorno alle macchie solarisolari (1613) and (1613) and Il SaggiatoreIl Saggiatore (1623) (1623) with the support of the with the support of the Academy. He was the promoter of Academy. He was the promoter of the «new science».the «new science».

Portrait of Galileo, copy from the original byPortrait of Galileo, copy from the original byJ. Suttermans, Rome, Palazzo Corsini,J. Suttermans, Rome, Palazzo Corsini,

Sala delle Scienze FisicheSala delle Scienze Fisiche

The Academy advancesThe Academy advances

HISTORY


The first scientific worksThe first scientific works

J. van Heeck, J. van Heeck, Fructus Fructus itineris ad itineris ad

Septentrionales, Septentrionales, Montpellier, Montpellier,

Bibliothèque de l'Ecole Bibliothèque de l'Ecole de Médecine, 1603-05,de Médecine, 1603-05, Drawings of butterfliesDrawings of butterflies

G. GalileiG. Galilei, Il Saggiatore […], In , Il Saggiatore […], In Roma, appresso Giacomo Roma, appresso Giacomo

MascardiMascardi, 1623,, 1623,Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale Florence, Biblioteca Nazionale

CentraleCentrale

G. GalileiG. Galilei, Istoria e dimostrazioni intorno alle, Istoria e dimostrazioni intorno allemacchie solari […], In Roma, appresso macchie solari […], In Roma, appresso

Giacomo MascardiGiacomo Mascardi, 1613, Rome, Biblioteca , 1613, Rome, Biblioteca dell’Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei e dell’Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei e

CorsinianaCorsiniana

HISTORY


TThe he princepsprinceps and animating power of and animating power of the Academy, Federico Cesi, died in the Academy, Federico Cesi, died in 1630 at the age of 45. Under harsh 1630 at the age of 45. Under harsh criticism by the Jesuits because of its criticism by the Jesuits because of its support of Galileo’s endorsement of support of Galileo’s endorsement of the Copernican theory, officially the Copernican theory, officially condemned, and no longer under the condemned, and no longer under the protection of Pope Urban VII, the protection of Pope Urban VII, the Academy found itself in great Academy found itself in great difficulty. The Academy effectively difficulty. The Academy effectively died with its founder in spite of the died with its founder in spite of the efforts made by Cassiano Dal Pozzo, efforts made by Cassiano Dal Pozzo, Francesco Stelluti and others who Francesco Stelluti and others who were loyal to Cesi's memory and were loyal to Cesi's memory and ideals. In 1651 ideals. In 1651 Rerum Medicarum Rerum Medicarum Novae Hispaniae ThesaurusNovae Hispaniae Thesaurus, a well , a well illustrated paper on the Mexican flora illustrated paper on the Mexican flora and fauna, was published as the and fauna, was published as the latest witness of the work of the latest witness of the work of the Lincei.Lincei.

The end of the first LinceiThe end of the first Lincei

Rerum Medicaruma Novae Hispaniae Thesaurus […],Rerum Medicaruma Novae Hispaniae Thesaurus […], 1651, 1651,Rome, Biblioteca dell'Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei e CorsinianaRome, Biblioteca dell'Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei e Corsiniana

HISTORY


BBetween the XVIII and XIX etween the XVIII and XIX centuries there were various centuries there were various attempts to revive the attempts to revive the Academy, carried out by Academy, carried out by Giovanni Paolo Simone Giovanni Paolo Simone Bianchi, a physician from Bianchi, a physician from Rimini, in 1745 for a few Rimini, in 1745 for a few years; by Gioacchino Pessuti years; by Gioacchino Pessuti and Feliciano Scarpellini in and Feliciano Scarpellini in 1795, under the auspices of 1795, under the auspices of Francesco Caetani, Duke of Francesco Caetani, Duke of Sermoneta, up until the death Sermoneta, up until the death of Scarpellini in 1840; by Pope of Scarpellini in 1840; by Pope Pius IX, who instituted the Pius IX, who instituted the “Accademia Pontificia dei “Accademia Pontificia dei Nuovi Lincei” in 1847.Nuovi Lincei” in 1847.

The three restorationsThe three restorationsof the Academyof the Academy

Bust of Feliciano Bust of Feliciano Scarpellini,Scarpellini,

Rome, Palazzo CorsiniRome, Palazzo Corsini

HISTORY


IIn 1870 Rome became the capital n 1870 Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy and the of the Kingdom of Italy and the Academy was renamed the Academy was renamed the «Reale Accademia dei Lincei». «Reale Accademia dei Lincei». Quintino Sella, an eminent Quintino Sella, an eminent scientist and politician, was the scientist and politician, was the promoter and leader of the newly promoter and leader of the newly restored Lincei as President of restored Lincei as President of the Academy from 1874 until his the Academy from 1874 until his death in 1884. In this period the death in 1884. In this period the Lincei was given its new Statutes Lincei was given its new Statutes and assumed its character as the and assumed its character as the national academy of the new national academy of the new State. Moreover, membership State. Moreover, membership was extended to foreign scholars, was extended to foreign scholars, the Class of Humanities was the Class of Humanities was introduced, and, in 1884, the introduced, and, in 1884, the Lincei had their new Lincei had their new headquarters in Palazzo Corsini.headquarters in Palazzo Corsini.

The Lincei as the national The Lincei as the national academy of Italyacademy of Italy

Quintino SellaQuintino Sella

HISTORY


Benedetto CroceBenedetto Croce

IIn the early Fascist period the n the early Fascist period the Academy adopted an Academy adopted an indipendent and critical indipendent and critical attitude that caused the attitude that caused the hostility of the regime. In 1934 hostility of the regime. In 1934 the new Statutes put the the new Statutes put the Academy under governmental Academy under governmental control and finally, in 1939, control and finally, in 1939, the «Accademia d’Italia», the «Accademia d’Italia», instituted by the regime in instituted by the regime in 1926, annexed and 1926, annexed and suppressed the Lincei.suppressed the Lincei.In 1944, on the initiative of In 1944, on the initiative of the philosopher Benedetto the philosopher Benedetto Croce, the new Italian Croce, the new Italian Government abolished the Government abolished the Accademia d’Italia and Accademia d’Italia and reinstated the Lincei reinstated the Lincei Academy.Academy.

Fascism and theFascism and thepost-war post-war

periodperiod

HISTORY


IIn accordance with its n accordance with its Statutes, the aim of Statutes, the aim of the Accademia the Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei is Nazionale dei Lincei is to «promote, co-to «promote, co-ordinate, integrate and ordinate, integrate and spread scientific spread scientific knowledge in its knowledge in its highest expressions, in highest expressions, in the unity and the unity and universalityuniversalityof culture».of culture».

Aims and Aims and missionmission

TThe Academy organises he Academy organises national and international national and international congresses, conferences, congresses, conferences,

meetings and seminars. It meetings and seminars. It promotes and carries out promotes and carries out

research activities and research activities and scientific missions, awards scientific missions, awards

prizes and study grants, prizes and study grants, publishes publishes NotesNotes and and MemoirsMemoirs

of its meetings and of its meetings and conference proceedings.conference proceedings.

ACTIVITIES

TThe Lincei Academy maintains several exchange he Lincei Academy maintains several exchange agreements with other foreign national academies. It agreements with other foreign national academies. It represents Italy in the International Human Rights represents Italy in the International Human Rights Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies; in the Network of Academies and Scholarly Societies; in the InterAcademy Panel on International Issues (IAP); in the InterAcademy Panel on International Issues (IAP); in the InterAcademy Medical Panel (IAMP); in the All European InterAcademy Medical Panel (IAMP); in the All European Academies network (ALLEA); in the European Academies Academies network (ALLEA); in the European Academies Science Advisory Council (EASAC).Science Advisory Council (EASAC).


SSince 1875 the Lincei include both Sciences and ince 1875 the Lincei include both Sciences and Humanities. The Academy is divided into two Classes: Humanities. The Academy is divided into two Classes: «Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences» and «Physical, Mathematical and Natural Sciences» and «Moral, Historical and Philological Sciences» and each «Moral, Historical and Philological Sciences» and each Class is subdivided into Categories. Class is subdivided into Categories.

The ClassesThe Classes

Palazzo Corsini, Sala delle Scienze Palazzo Corsini, Sala delle Scienze FisicheFisiche

Palazzo Corsini, Sala delle Scienze MoraliPalazzo Corsini, Sala delle Scienze Morali

STRUCTURE


The OrgansThe Organs the President, or the the President, or the

Vice President in his/her Vice President in his/her steadstead

the Academic the Academic Administrator, or the Administrator, or the Assistant Academic Assistant Academic Administrator in his/her Administrator in his/her steadstead

the President’s Councilthe President’s Council the Assembly of the two the Assembly of the two

ClassesClasses the Assembly of each the Assembly of each

Class in its competent Class in its competent fieldsfields

the College of Auditorsthe College of Auditors the Chancellor (General the Chancellor (General

Director)Director)

STRUCTURE

Palazzo Corsini, Sala della PresidenzaPalazzo Corsini, Sala della Presidenza


Palazzo Palazzo CorsiniCorsini

SEAT

TThe seat of the he seat of the Academy is Palazzo Academy is Palazzo Corsini in Via della Corsini in Via della Lungara, at the foot of Lungara, at the foot of the Gianicolo hill, in the the Gianicolo hill, in the heartheartof old Trastevere. of old Trastevere.

Palazzo Corsini, façade on Via della LungaraPalazzo Corsini, façade on Via della Lungara

Palazzo Corsini, back gardenPalazzo Corsini, back garden



SEAT

PPalazzo Corsini alazzo Corsini originates from the XVI originates from the XVI century Palazzo Riario, century Palazzo Riario, which had been the which had been the residence of Queen residence of Queen Christina of Sweden, Christina of Sweden, purchased in 1736 by purchased in 1736 by the noble family Corsini the noble family Corsini and redesigned by the and redesigned by the architect Ferdinando architect Ferdinando Fuga.Fuga.From the entrance hall, From the entrance hall, two wide staircases lead two wide staircases lead up to the first and up to the first and second floors. second floors.

Palazzo Corsini, entrance hallPalazzo Corsini, entrance hall



SEAT

OOn the first floor are n the first floor are the Library, an the Library, an important part of the important part of the Academy, with its rich Academy, with its rich collection of antique collection of antique and contemporary and contemporary works, and the Galleria works, and the Galleria Corsini, one of the Corsini, one of the most important art most important art galleries in Rome.galleries in Rome.

Palazzo Corsini, from the hall of the first floorPalazzo Corsini, from the hall of the first floorup to the second floor balconyup to the second floor balcony

ACCADEMIA NAZIONALE DEI LINCEI SEAT


The LibraryThe Library

TThe Library of the he Library of the Academy is composed of Academy is composed of three main sections: the three main sections: the Sezione CorsinianaSezione Corsiniana, , donated by Prince donated by Prince Tommaso Corsini in 1883; Tommaso Corsini in 1883; the the Sezione AccademicaSezione Accademica, , formed in 1848 through formed in 1848 through donations by various donations by various fellows; the fellows; the Sezione Sezione OrientaleOrientale, constituted in , constituted in 1924 by Prince Leone 1924 by Prince Leone Caetani and specializing Caetani and specializing in Arabian-Islamic in Arabian-Islamic culture.culture.

Palazzo Corsini, Biblioteca Palazzo Corsini, Biblioteca dell’Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei e dell’Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei e

Corsiniana, Reading RoomCorsiniana, Reading Room



SEAT

AA series of imposing series of imposing rooms are situated on rooms are situated on the second floor, among the second floor, among which: the conference which: the conference rooms of the two Classes rooms of the two Classes of the Academy, the Sala of the Academy, the Sala Impero, the Sala dei Impero, the Sala dei Divani, the Alcove, the Divani, the Alcove, the Tapestry room, and the Tapestry room, and the Sala Dutuit (which Sala Dutuit (which contains valuable contains valuable collections of porcelain collections of porcelain and other works of art, and other works of art, mainly from the Orient). mainly from the Orient). The Offices of the The Offices of the Academy are also on this Academy are also on this floor.floor.

Palazzo Corsini, second floor entrance hallPalazzo Corsini, second floor entrance hall



SEAT

Palazzo Corsini, Sala dei DivaniPalazzo Corsini, Sala dei Divani Palazzo Corsini, Sala dell’AlcovaPalazzo Corsini, Sala dell’Alcova



SEAT

Palazzo Corsini, Sala degli ArazziPalazzo Corsini, Sala degli Arazzi

Palazzo Corsini, Sala DutuitPalazzo Corsini, Sala Dutuit


Villa Villa FarnesinaFarnesina

SEAT

OOn Via della Lungara, opposite n Via della Lungara, opposite Palazzo Corsini, the Villa Palazzo Corsini, the Villa Farnesina, completed by the Farnesina, completed by the renowned architect Baldassarre renowned architect Baldassarre Peruzzi in 1509, is set in the Peruzzi in 1509, is set in the midst of a beautiful garden. midst of a beautiful garden. Acquired by the rich Sienese Acquired by the rich Sienese banker Agostino Chigi, the villa banker Agostino Chigi, the villa was then purchased by Cardinal was then purchased by Cardinal Alessandro Farnese (from Alessandro Farnese (from whom it takes its name) in 1577 whom it takes its name) in 1577 and, after various owners and, after various owners throughout the centuries, it throughout the centuries, it was bought by the Italian State was bought by the Italian State in 1928 as headquarters of the in 1928 as headquarters of the Accademia d’Italia. When this Accademia d’Italia. When this was suppressed in 1944, the was suppressed in 1944, the villa became the property of villa became the property of the reinstated Accademia dei the reinstated Accademia dei Lincei.Lincei.

Villa Farnesina, North façadeVilla Farnesina, North façade



SEAT

TThe Villa is a wonderful example of Renaissance art and he Villa is a wonderful example of Renaissance art and architecture, decorated by such famous painters as Raphael, architecture, decorated by such famous painters as Raphael, Sebastiano del Piombo, Giovanni Antonio Bazzi (called Sebastiano del Piombo, Giovanni Antonio Bazzi (called Sodoma), Giulio Romano and Baldassarre Peruzzi himself.Sodoma), Giulio Romano and Baldassarre Peruzzi himself.

G. A. Bazzi (Sodoma),G. A. Bazzi (Sodoma),The Wedding of The Wedding of AlexanderAlexanderand Roxaneand Roxane, Villa , Villa Farnesina,Farnesina,The Wedding RoomThe Wedding Room



SEAT

OOn the ground floor of the n the ground floor of the Villa an entrance hall leads to Villa an entrance hall leads to the Loggia of Psyche, frescoed the Loggia of Psyche, frescoed by Raphael and his pupils by Raphael and his pupils Giulio Romano, Francesco Giulio Romano, Francesco Penni, Raffaellino del Colle and Penni, Raffaellino del Colle and Giovanni da Udine with Giovanni da Udine with episodes of the story of Eros episodes of the story of Eros and Psyche as narrated by and Psyche as narrated by Apuleius in the Apuleius in the MetamorphosisMetamorphosis..On the left of the Loggia of On the left of the Loggia of Psyche is the Frieze Room, Psyche is the Frieze Room, around which is a fresco of around which is a fresco of mythological scenes by mythological scenes by Baldassarre Peruzzi. Baldassarre Peruzzi. Loggia of Psyche,Loggia of Psyche,

Villa FarnesinaVilla Farnesina



SEAT

On the rightOn the rightside of the side of the VillaVillais the Hall of is the Hall of Galatea, Galatea, decorated decorated with fine with fine paintings of paintings of mythological mythological themes, themes, among which among which Raphael’s Raphael’s famous famous fresco fresco representingrepresentingthe triumph the triumph of the nymph of the nymph Galatea.Galatea.Hall of Galatea, Villa FarnesinaHall of Galatea, Villa Farnesina Raphael, Raphael, The Triumph of GalateaThe Triumph of Galatea,,



Villa Villa FarnesinaFarnesinaOOn the first floor is the n the first floor is the Salone delle ProspettiveSalone delle Prospettive, designed by , designed by

Peruzzi in Peruzzi in trompe l’oeiltrompe l’oeil which gives the viewer the illusion of which gives the viewer the illusion of looking outside through the painted columns.looking outside through the painted columns.

Baldassarre Peruzzi,Baldassarre Peruzzi,The Hall of the Perspectives,The Hall of the Perspectives,



Villa Villa FarnesinaFarnesinaTThe building is surrounded by a he building is surrounded by a

beautiful garden of bergamot beautiful garden of bergamot trees, Lebanese cedars, cypresses, trees, Lebanese cedars, cypresses, laurel bushes and evergreens.laurel bushes and evergreens.

NNext to a XIX century fountain in ext to a XIX century fountain in the southern part of the garden, set the southern part of the garden, set against a stretch of the ancient against a stretch of the ancient Aurelian Walls, one can see a marble Aurelian Walls, one can see a marble plaque (probably XVII century) which plaque (probably XVII century) which bears the inscription: bears the inscription: Quisquis huc Quisquis huc accedis: quod tibi horridum videtur accedis: quod tibi horridum videtur mihi amoenum est; si placet, mihi amoenum est; si placet, maneas, si taedet abeas, utrumque maneas, si taedet abeas, utrumque gratumgratum («Whoever enters here: what («Whoever enters here: what seems horrid to you is pleasant to seems horrid to you is pleasant to me. If you like it, stay, if it bores me. If you like it, stay, if it bores you, go away; both are equally you, go away; both are equally pleasing to me»).pleasing to me»).


FFurther information is available on the Lincei Academy urther information is available on the Lincei Academy website atwebsite at

www.lincei.itwww.lincei.it

and on the website of the Committee for the IV Centenary and on the website of the Committee for the IV Centenary Celebrations atCelebrations at

www.lincei-celebrazioni.itwww.lincei-celebrazioni.it

a ccademia n azionale dei l incei lincei emblem, rome, biblioteca dell'accademia nazionale dei...

Documents

ccademia n azionale

academy t

reale accademia dei

incei lincei emblem

restored lincei

national academy

incei t

lincei coat of arms