A Case-study of Municipal Solid Waste Management at

Pattukkottai Municipality

Authors: Gangainathan A Veeraraghavan S Senguttuvan R

Institution: School of Civil Engineering SASTRA University Thanjavur

INTRODUCTIONo Solid Waste Management refers to handling of waste in Eco-friendly

way

o It is responsible for generated waste from source to disposal

o Municipal solid waste includes household wastes, commercial wastes and waste from street wash by a municipality

o Effectively managed by converting Waste into Wealth (W2W)

SANITATION + BUSINESS = SWM

OBJECTIVESThe main aim is to study the different concepts of Solid Waste Management in sub urban area

o To assess the quantity of solid waste generated

o To get pros and cons from people in SWM activities

o To check effectiveness of Landfill site

o To prepare business proposal for converting waste

ABSTRACTo Study area is Pattukkottai Municipality

o Our idea is to convert waste to wealth (W2W) and it helps in improve the sanitation for a hygienic environment

o Detailed Investigation – the quantity & the types of waste generated o Survey - to identify the problems faced by the local people & visitors

o Laboratory tests – to find out the suitable waste processing technique

o Determined the effectiveness of the Landfill site

o From the results obtained, we have decided to implement Vermi-composting Bio-degradable wastes Waste resale centre Non-bio-degradable wastes(Recyclable)

o Business Proposal was prepared

STUDY AREAo Area chosen for our case-study is Pattukkottai Municipality

o It is located at 10.43°N 79.32°E along the south-east coast of India in the East-central region of Tamil Nadu

o Selection Grade Municipality in Thanjavur district, Tamilnadu

o It is divided into 33 wardsArea 21.83 sq.kmLength of streets 94.947 kmAltitude 27m from

MSLAnnual rainfall 1075.33mmPopulation 73097Literates rate 77%Male-Female ratio 1 : 1.009Soil Alluvial

INVESTIGATIONo Year of MSWM commenced – 2002

o Population present - 73097o Waste generated per day – 35 Tonneso Per capita waste generation – 0.48 kg o No. of Line (route) - 2

HUMAN RESOURCE MATERIAL RESOURCEType of Material Availabl

eCompactor bins 50Tricycle 47Tipper lorry 2Dumper placer 2

Destination NumberSanitary Officer 1Sanitary Inspector 2Supervisor 6Permanent workers

83

Temporary workers

65

Total 157

PRELIMINARY SURVEY

Collection o Once in a day during morning timeo Door to door collection method o Not covering the outer areas

Sortingo No sorting but some arrangements

made according to Govt. rules

Transporto Using Tri-cycles & Mini-lorrieso Extra care to be taken to prevent the

waste flying outwards

Treatmento No treatment of wastes before disposal

Disposalo Open dumping of waste easily got fired o Possibility of Air pollution in landfill site

DisposalTreatmentTransport

SortingCollectionMaximum

Credit for Functional elements of SWM (Max

5)

35%

9%15%

2.5%

1%

0.5%

37% Food waste

Paper

Grass/Leaves

Plastic

Glass/Ceramics

Metal

Ash,Dust & Earth matters

Bio-degradable waste - 59 %

Non-bio-degradable waste - 41 %

INCREDIENTS OF WASTE

SURVEYo Questionnaire is prepared in TAMILo To identify the problem faced by the people

Face to Face Interview – 250 families Online survey - 50 persons

71%

29%

Awareness of difference b/w wastes Yes

No

90%

10%Toilet facility

YesNo

24%

76%

Disposal of waste

Open place

45%55%

Drainage Blockage Yes

No

Mosquito menaceFiring

BadsmellFly nuisance

Rodents

48%6%

23%15%

59%

Difficulty faced

35%

65%

Business Op-portunities

YesNo

12345

6%22%

53%16%

4%

Sanitary condition of Municipality

77%

23%

Willingness to segregate at

source YesNo

60%

40%

Pay ChargesYesNo

WASTE SAMPLE TEST

PARAMETERS DATA STANDARDSpH 7.8 5 to 9Organic Carbon 11.2

%9.8 - 13.4 %

Nitrogen 0.42% 0.41 to 1.61 %

C/N ratio 28 26 - 31Moisture content

54% 50 – 60%

o Waste samples were collected from the different sectors of Municipality o Separated Bio-degradable waste were tested at Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK) near Sengipatti, Thanjavur 

From result obtained, Decided to implement

VERMI-COMPOSTING

STATUS OF LAND-FILL SITELocation criteria

o Occur in upper areao Ground water Table > 2mo Partial Fencingo No proper Dumpingo River flows < 30m

Leachate AnalysisGround water quality around site is within permissible limit

s

PARAMETER UNIT SAMPLE 1 SAMPLE 2 SAMPLE 3 SAMPLE 4 STANDARDSpH 7.12 7.09 6.85 6.9 6.5 – 8.5Hardness mg/l 440 425 386 388 300 - 600DO mg/l 5.9 6.1 6.6 7.5 4 – 8TDS mg/l 685 670 625 630 500 - 1500Salinity mg/l 780 720 665 680 Less than

2500Alkanity mg/l 375 352 367 320 200 - 600

VERMI-COMPOSTINGo Use of earth-worms for Composting Bio-degradable wasteo Compost used as Bio-fertilizer o Considered a gardener’s gold for being nutrient richo Can a sell excess Earth-worms

DESCRIPTION DATATotal Amount 35 tonnesBio-degradable waste 17.5 tonnesAmount of Vermi-compost

7 tonnes

Cost per unit weight of kg INR 2Total income per day INR 14000Total income per annum INR 51.1

lakhs

WASTE RECOVERY CENTRE Resale the Non-biodegradable waste

Cost - INR 11200 per day Total Income – INR 98.375 Lakhs pa

TOTAL INCOME FOR MUNICIPALITY BY SOLID WASTE PER ANNUM

₹ 1.5 CRORES

Types of Waste

Amount of Waste (kg)

Cost (INR)

Paper 3150 15750Plastics 875 7000Glass 350 700Metals 175 3500

PROFIT ANALYSIS

BENEFITS

Direct Benefits – Money

Indirect Benefits – Healthy Life, Hygienic Environment

Fixed Investment 3 CroresVarying Investment

0.25 Crores

Income 1.5 CroresProfit 1.25 CroresPercentage return on Investment

41.66 %i.e. 2.5 years

India is over-populated country,

So Waste generation is more

Modify this Negative aspect to Positive

Attitude by making Revenue

Govt. should create awareness about

Business opportunities in

Waste sector

CONCLUSION

THANKYOU…