a blackboard globally recast as an interpreter - jairam kamath | website for students | vtu notes |...

ww

w.b

ooks

par.c

om |

Web

site

for S

tude

nts

| VT

U N

OTE

S |

QU

ESTI

ON

PA

PERS

| N

EWS

| RE

SULT

S

A Blackboard Globally Recast as an Interpreter

• The blackboard model of problem solving is a highly structured special case of opportunistic problem solving.

• The solution space is organized into several application-dependent hierarchies and the domain knowledge partitioned into independent modules of knowledge that operate on knowledge within and between levels.

2

ww

w.b

ooks

par.c

om |

Web

site

for S

tude

nts

| VT

U N

OTE

S |

QU

ESTI

ON

PA

PERS

| N

EWS

| RE

SULT

S

Basic architecture of a blackboard system

Three Major parts:• Knowledge sources• The blackboard data structure• Control

Example: HEASRSAY – II

3

ww

w.b

ooks

par.c

om |

Web

site

for S

tude

nts

| VT

U N

OTE

S |

QU

ESTI

ON

PA

PERS

| N

EWS

| RE

SULT

S

-Blackboard

• HEARSAY-II speech recognition system.• The blackboard structure is a six- to eight-level hierarchy in

which each level abstracts information on its adjacent lower level.

• blackboard elements represent hypotheses about the interpretation of an utterance.

6

ww

w.b

ooks

par.c

om |

Web

site

for S

tude

nts

| VT

U N

OTE

S |

QU

ESTI

ON

PA

PERS

| N

EWS

| RE

SULT

S

-Knowledge Sources

• Knowledge sources correspond to such tasks as segmenting the raw signal, identifying phonemes, generating word candidates, hypothesizing syntactic segments, and proposing semantic interpretations.

• Each knowledge source is organized as a condition part that specifies when it is applicable and an action part that processes relevant blackboard elements and generates new ones.

7

ww

w.b

ooks

par.c

om |

Web

site

for S

tude

nts

| VT

U N

OTE

S |

QU

ESTI

ON

PA

PERS

| N

EWS

| RE

SULT

S

-Control

• The control component is realized as a blackboard monitor and a scheduler.

• The scheduler monitors the blackboard and calculates priorities for applying the knowledge sources to various elements on the blackboard.

8

ww

w.b

ooks

par.c

om |

Web

site

for S

tude

nts

| VT

U N

OTE

S |

QU

ESTI

ON

PA

PERS

| N

EWS

| RE

SULT

S

Interpreter View

• The complexity arises because it is now illustrating two concepts: The blackboard model and realization of that model by a virtual machine.

• The blackboard model can be recovered by suppressing the control mechanism and regrouping the conditions and actions into knowledge sources.

10

ww

w.b

ooks

par.c

om |

Web

site

for S

tude

nts

| VT

U N

OTE

S |

QU

ESTI

ON

PA

PERS

| N

EWS

| RE

SULT

S

Interpreter View

• The interpretation engine includes several components like: the blackboard monitor, the focus of control database, and the scheduler, but also the actions of the knowledge sources.

• The scheduling queue corresponds roughly to the control state.

11

ww

w.b

ooks

par.c

om |

Web

site

for S

tude

nts

| VT

U N

OTE

S |

QU

ESTI

ON

PA

PERS

| N

EWS

| RE

SULT

S

Conclusion

• We see a system initially designed with one model (blackboard, a special form of repository), then realized through a different model (interpreter).

• The view as an interpreter is a different aggregation of components from the view as blackboard.

12

a blackboard globally recast as an interpreter - jairam kamath | website for students | vtu notes |...

Documents