176 Coelom Comparison Figure 27.6

a.

endoderm

digestive cavity

pseudocoelom

coelom

From Mader. Sylv1a S .. Biology: Evolullon. Dwersity, and the Env,onment. 2d ed. tO 1985, 1987 Wm . C. Brown Publishers , Dubuque , Iowa. All Rights Reserved. Reprinted by perm1ssion .

Mader, Sylv1a S., lnqwry Into Ufe. tO 1976, 1979, 1982, 1985, and 1988 by Wm. C. Brown Publishers

a.

179

ectoderm

pseudocoelom

..----mesoderm JIF~((.

endoderm ~

Acoelomate flatworms

digestive cavity

Acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, coelomate comparison Figure 33A

b. Pseudocoelomate roundworms

mesoderm

c.

Sylvia S. Mader Biology, 6e. Copyright@ 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dubuque, Iowa. All Rights Reserved.

,.....,. ectoderm

J~ Y~X:D:> .LW-.. '11 mesentery

Coelomate mollusks annelids arthropods echinoderms chordates

endoderm

coelom

7 "p

bird bat whale cat horse human

. Fc.t"d ... ~"ftJt.lfy .s,"";IQ,r ,._ .s WtfJ.. a. Sl rfl.i (-.r- e-rr.£-ryo /o ,; CA./ c!~.~.~~.~~-,

150 Homolol ous Structures Mader, Sylvoa s., lnqUify Into Life. e> 1976, 1979. 1982· • r PubliShers. IQS: 6 ~ . I

177

osculum ,<JfAIJIII\\t--

b.

Sponge Anatomy Figure 27.7

--------,.-'

,.-' ,.-'

,.-'

pore cell

------------------

-------------------------

collar cells

collar _ __,._

amoeboid cells

epidermal cells

flagellum

'---1~-----nucleus

Collar Cell

Mader, Sylv1a S., lnqwry Into Life. Q 1976, 1979. 1982, 1985, and 1988 by Wm. C Brown Publishers

173

water out

central sponge

water in cavity wall

through , /ll ..__ - ~ ...... ,~ '-- \. \. 1 ~ ~ ......... w ' 1 amoeboid cell

Sponge Organization

Generalized sponge anatomy Figure 33.3

pore

epidermal cell

M" 1 spicule

flagellum

collar cell ( choanocyte)

Sylvia S. Mader Biology, 6e . Copyright@ 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dubuque, Iowa. All Rights Reserved.

178 Hydra Anatomy Figure 27.11

tentacle

stinging cell

Stinging cell

nematocyst

nucleus

gastrovascular cavity

ta.l. ovary

~mesoglea

·'afil stalk

foot

before discharge

after discharge

Cross section of stalk

Mader. Sylvoa S., /nqulfy lnlo Life. 00 1976. 1979. 1982, 1985. and 1988 by Wm. C. Brown Publishers.

,_/ (1!~~~') Planaria with

Pharynx out · /1oi ~;~_I

nephridiopore --J;:J~

lfame 1'\ ~ l;~l

ceu bts:l "'"i''b' I

~ ~}~f/ ---excretory ~· §

canal ) ~

179 Ptanarian Anatomy

Figure 27. 12

bra

) ~ I~ f

l:t 1: I I " I I ' I

"""· ..... ' . -ry '"' ,, .. ""· ""· '"'· '"' ·~ '"' " ... ' ~-. Publishers

\ta- ;"'al____ ~eye ovary

Yolk gland

testis

-sperm auct

I 'iril lw-T"- triParrtte

~astrova.

~avity (di

Pharynx . . ' m sheath

seminal

receptacle

Penis in

genital chamber

genita

ore

larva encysted larva

180 Tapeworm Life Cycle Figure 27.13

vitelline gland

eggs in branching uterus

Proglottids:

nerve cord ovary

vagina

cysticercus,

with head everted, attached to human intestine

testes

sperm duct

genital pore

Mader. Sylv1a S , /nqwry Into We. C> 1976. 1979, 1982. 1985. and 1988 by Wm . C Brown Publ•shers .

I

#I, suckers

excretory canal

uterus

@AI _o -o< (X)(D -o::J o-L "< 0 :::r -t::J 3' ~ (D ::J "' .. ~~ - · 0 ., -., 0 Q<e

~"< "' ![

b> ~ (D

~ 2::: iii' :::r ::J

(Q

~) METACERCARIAL \

CYSTS IN FISH MUSCLE

CERCARIA

'"1

Oft. f ~

~..... ADULT FLUKE

~ /~ 1 EGG CONTAINING L~/) A MIRACIDIUM

HUMAN 1\

C: -1 ""'" ~ ~ ~- ~

<D 0 ""'" -+ =r <D =r c 3 c ::::J --o

< ..., ""'" -c

{ ,. lv\IRAC!DIUM HATCHES " AFTER BEING EATEN ·v BY SNAIL

SNAIL

SPOROCYST

s y

--n -o

c.c 0

w ~ I --(X) ...

"'0 0

"'' (X) ~ -

178

Each larva becomes a bladder _ ....... w_..._2rm encysted in muscle.

Meat contains many bladder worms.

-

Secondary Host

Feces contain many larvae-containing eggs.

Gravid proglottid has many larvae­containing eggs.

\ \

1'

Bladder worm attaches to human intestine.

-...sucker

Tapeworm has proglottids that become more mature.

.. --

Life cycle of a tapeworm, Taenia Figure 33.11 Sylvia S. Mader Biology, 6e. Copyright@ 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dubuque, Iowa.

All Rights Reserved.

Primary Host

Ascaris

brain

nerve cord

180 Roundworm anatomy Figure 33.12

dorsal nerve cord

pore

cuticle

lateral nerve cord

testis

spicules that aid in sperm transfer

Sylvia S. Mader Biology, 6e. Copyright@ 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dubuque, Iowa. All Rights Reserved.

pseudocoelom

anus

mouth genital pore

181

dorsal

cuticle

uterus \.~~

pseudocoelom

Roundworm Anatomy Figure 27.15

ventral nerve cord

vagina uterus ovary

ro • Avcretory canal

~ta'l =-nvs:.ries 3E

Mader. Sylvta S , Jnqwry Into Life. CC> 1976, 1979, 1982. 1985, and 1988 by Wm . C Brown Publishers

S? fl St:.O. 'Y' 1.$

body II Ccut)

intestine

a.

(cs} anus

fs~) septum

muscle layers coelom (§" ~ 1)

perm duct ~ (8_,)

ovary (iJ nephridium sem.inal vesicle~~) (8')

seminal receptacle ~3)

nerve cord ~ ~)

~anglion

mouth t setae~

·) {B'I)

1 83 Earthworm, Lumbricus, anatomy Figure 34.7a

Sylvia S Mader Biology, 6e. Copyright 0 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dubuque, Iowa. All Rights Reserved.

posterior adductor muscle

anus 1 'i'" 1

excurrent siphon

visceral ganglion

incurrent siphon

mantle cavity

182 Clam Anatomy Figure 27.20

urinary opening

digestive gland

anterior aorta

esophagus

cerebral ganglion

anterior adductor muscle

labial palps

·.·:. ... .. I ~·· ~·. ···· ·· ··· ., · .. 1 mouth ....__,_, ", . ..... h I Il l

?~llfT111P~ 1 ; ' i 1 foot protractor ' \ _ . JT u 1 ; I II

pedal ganglion

Mader Sylvoa S. lnqu1ry Into L1/e C> 1976, 1979. 1982. 1985. and 1988 by Wm. C. Brown Publisher~ .

stomach

esophagus

anterior adductor muscle

anterior ganglion • ·•

182 Clam, Anodonta, anatomy Figure 34.3

anterior aorta pericardia! cavity posterior retractor muscle

foot ganglion

I kidney

intestine mantle intestine

Sylvia S. Mader Biology, 6e. Copyright C 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dubuque, Iowa. All Rights Reserved.

posterior aorta

excurrent siphon

• shell

incurrent siphon

posterior ganglion

• ... ..

a.

antenna

compound eye

antennule

mouth parts

nephridiopore

claw third fourth

mouth oviduct opening

anus /

tel son

swimmerets uropod

;.,

s~co~d walking . · leg

walking · walking fifth

walking ·~,

feg leg leg

b.

cerebral ganglion

183

,,

esophagus

Crayfish Anatomy Figure 27.26

heart pericardia! sinus

digestive gland

stomach nerve cord anus

Mader. Sylv1a S .. lnqwry Into Life. (C) 1976. 1979. 1982, 1985, and 1988 by Wm . C. Brown Publishers

arm

central disk---

skin gill~

eyes pot

tube feet/

185 Echinoderms Figure 35.1 a

anus

----tube feet

Sylvia S. Mader Biology, 6e. Copyright© 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dubuque, Iowa. All Rights Reserved.

sieve plate

endoskeletal plates

a.

b.

Head Thorax Abdomen

II

~· · forewing

·~hindwing

ovipositor

spiracles

spiracle tracheae

aorta Malpighian tubules

ceca

Female grasshopper, Romalea, anatomy Figure 34.14

stomach intestine seminal

receptacle oviduct

Sylvia S. Mader Biology, 6e. Copyright C 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies , Inc. Dubuque, Iowa. All Rights Reserved .

a. prothorax

(~) antenna

t,:) simple eye --.J.looC

{11\ compound eye

palps <a tt

\S\ crop

\•\ aorta 7' ~

\.'1) esophagus ' l i N ..

salivar~land

b. \.01-=

184 Grasshopper Anatomy Figure 27.27

~1\ forewin}~)

tympanum --+------hindwing

~ ovipositor( Cf}

fi~IOI ~~)

_,.s u_.r) i~fS

rectu~l~) ~anus

" oviduct

seminal receptacl

vagin ')

intestine ventral ga~tric\ Malpighian 111 ~ ll)

nerve cord caeca tubules (cut~fl \: <!'l /nqwry/ntoL/~176,1979.1 ~2.1965.and1968byWm C Brown

,=f-~MLL.b

,-- ~ - oral hood with tentacles

gill bar

186 Lancelet, Branchiostoma Figure 35.4

~ -~ notochord

~~ ~- ~ dorsal hollow

atriopore ventral fin

Source: From Stephen Miller and John Harley Zoology, 3e .. Copyright C>1996 McGraw-Hill Company, Inc., Dubuque, Iowa. All rights reserved. Reprinted by permission. Sylvia S. Mader Biology, 6e. Copyright C> 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dubuque. Iowa. All Rights Reserved.

nerve cord

, ~ dorsal fin

285

fertilized eggs adult stage

•

larval stage pupal stage

Sphinx moth, Protoparce, on tomato, Lycopersicon

Life cycle of a moth Figure 50.2

Sylvia S. Mader Biology, 6e. Copyright C 1998 McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Dubuque, Iowa. All Rights Reserved.

:':{~ss1cles) .. , skeletal

plates

185 Starfish Anatomy Figure 27.29

eye spot

~~cardiac stomach pyloric stomach

anus

~ sieve plate

central disk

coelomic lff"'f"',.----cavity

gonad

ampulla

spine . ' ambulacral groove digestive glands

(py/~;rit.. c.ec.a..)

'l ·" lhera.fic. cec~ Mader. Sylv1a S .. /nqwry Into Life C> 1976 1979. 1982. 1985. and 1988 by Wm C Brown Publishers.

tube feet