9500mpr technical description r5.0
TRANSCRIPT
9500 MPRRelease 5
Alcatel-Lucent 9500 Microwave Packet Radio (MPR) is a solution for smooth transformation of backhaul networks from TDM/ATM to Ethernet. The 9500 MPR solution efficiently transports whatever multimedia traffic since it handles packets natively (packet mode) while still supporting legacy TDM traffic (hybrid mode), with the same Hardware. It also provides the Quality of Service (QoS) needed to satisfy end-users. This solution not only improves packet aggregation, but also increases the bandwidth and optimizes the Ethernet connectivity.
1 What is the product? 5
1.1 Working Modes 8
2 9500 MPR Platform features 9
2.1 MSS 10
2.2 MPT 152.2.1 Multipurpose radio 152.2.2 Connectivity options 162.2.3 Frequency availability 162.2.4 XPIC 162.2.5 Throughput Packet Booster 17
3 MPR-e 20
4 MPR-s 20
5 Environmental – Operating Limits 21
6 Card Description 23
6.1 Core Board 23
6.2 PDH Access Board 25
6.3 Ethernet Access Card (EAS) 26
6.4 2E1 SFP 29
6.5 ASAP Board 30
6.6 SDH Access Card 316.6.1 STM-1 mux/demux application 326.6.2 STM-1 transparent transport application 32
6.7 EoSDH SFP 33
6.8 E3 SFP 34
6.9 MPT Access Card 35
6.10 Power injector plug-in 36
6.11 AUX board 37
6.12 Fan Board 39
6.13 +24V integrated DC/DC converter 40
7 IDU Datasheet 41
8 Modem Performances (MPT) 46
8.1 Bit Rate, Capacity and Roll-Off factor1 46
8.2 Dispersive Fade Margin (DFM) 46
8.3 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) 47
8.4 Co-Channel Threshold Degradation 47
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9 MEF-8 and ATM 48
9.1 MEF-8 489.1.1 BER performances 489.1.2 Packet Delay Variation control 49
9.2 ATM 499.2.1 Physical layer Management 509.2.2 IMA layer management 509.2.3 ATM layer management 509.2.4 PW layer 51
9 Adaptive Modulation 53
9.1 Performances of Adaptive Modulation: 54
10 Synchronization 55
11 Ethernet Features 58
11.1 MAC Switching – embedded Level 2 Ethernet 58
11.2 Level-2 Addressing 58
11.4 Half bridge functionality 59
11.5 Summary of Ethernet Features Supported 5911.5.1 IEEE 802.3x Flow control 5911.5.2 Asymmetric Flow control 5911.5.3 802.1Q VLAN management 6011.5.4 Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad) 60
11.6 Ethernet OAM (IEEE 802.3ag) 61
11.7 Ethernet Ring Protection (ITU-T G.8032v2) 64
11.8 Other features 6611.8.1 Stacked VLAN (Q-in-Q): 802.1ad 6611.8.2 VLAN swap 66
11.9 Ethernet QoS 6711.9.1 Traffic priority 6711.9.2 IEEE 802.1P QoS configuration 6711.9.3 DiffServ QoS configuration 6711.9.4 Congestion management 6711.9.5 Quality of Service 68
12 MPT Technical description 70
12.1 MPT Capacities 72
12.2 MPT RF specifications 72
13 Radio Configurations 77
13.1 Antenna Mount 79
13.2 Couplers 80
13.3 Ortho-Mode Transducers (OMT) 81
13.4 4+0 or 2x(1+1) HSB dual pol integrated coupler 82
14 MPT-GC Technical description 83
3
15 60GHz Radio 85
16 Sub-6GHz Radio 86
17 Power Supply 87
17.1 MPT Power Unit 88
17.2 MPT Extended Power Unit 90
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1 What is the product?
Alcatel-Lucent with its innovation of Microwave Packet radio has introduced for the first time a
Native packet microwave capable to be deployed on TDM network today and have already all the
required potentiality to move to a full packet network.
EthernetEthernetPDH/ CESPDH/ CES
9500 MPRat HUB site
PDH/ SDHPDH/ SDH
EthernetEthernet
ATM/ IMAATM/ IMA
ATM/ PWATM/ PW
Softwaresettings
Mobile2G, 3G, 4G
Fixed
PrivateBusiness office
Phone
DSL
Ethernet
ATM
TDM
From Backhaul Hybrid operational mode
Packet operational mode
EthernetEthernetPDH/ CESPDH/ CES
9500 MPRat HUB site9500 MPRat HUB site
PDH/ SDHPDH/ SDH
EthernetEthernet
ATM/ IMAATM/ IMAPDH/ SDHPDH/ SDH
EthernetEthernet
PDH/ SDHPDH/ SDH
EthernetEthernet
PDH/ SDHPDH/ SDH
EthernetEthernet
ATM/ IMAATM/ IMA
ATM/ PWATM/ PW
SoftwaresettingsSoftwaresettings
Mobile2G, 3G, 4G
Fixed
PrivateBusiness officeBusiness office
Phone
DSL
Ethernet
ATM
TDM
From Backhaul Hybrid operational mode
Packet operational mode
9500 MPR can operate in Hybrid or Packet Mode with same hardware
Enabling possibility for smooth migration from Hybrid mode to Packet mode
9500 MPR in fact is a packet-based solution designed to address in native way networks where
packet based traffic is predominant, nevertheless supporting the still present TDM/ATM traffic, which
remains vital. 9500 MPR represents the solution to allow smooth migration from the TDM world to
the packet domain in the Mobile Backhauling networks. The different incoming traffics are
converted into Ethernet packets before sending them to the internal Ethernet switch, the packet
overhead on E1 /STM-1 being removed before sent in the air.
As capacity grows in the access, the requirement for higher bandwidth support will be needed in the
backhaul as well as in the metro network. Alcatel-Lucent target to address metro networks
requirement with a carrier Ethernet based solution combined with microwave packet transport. The
result in the long run is a change in the backhaul from PDH links to carrier Ethernet and in the Metro
from SDH to carrier Ethernet packet rings, and eventually to mesh networks. Exploiting the benefits
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of packet architecture vs. circuit architecture (Multiservice aggregation, Service awareness, adaptive
packet transport) in accommodating broadband services, 9500 MPR allows the access equipment to
smoothly evolve in line with the new technology and related protocols (ATM/TDM/Ethernet) without
the need of renewal of an existing microwave site and protecting the already made investments.
9500 MPR is based on two separate elements:
the MSS, an indoor service switch that can also operate as a stand alone site aggregator
a) the multipurpose ODU, the MPT, open to be managed in the following operating
modes:
Split-Mount mode in conjunction with MSS
Standalone mode (for native Ethernet applications) connected directly to any
switch/router/base station
9500 MPR Node supports a mix of non-protected and protected or diversity operation for single link,
repeater or star radio configurations.
The core platform, MSS1/4/8, with multiplexing & symmetrical x-connection functions, is able to
manage different radio directions, with the possibility to add-drop tributaries in case of local
PDH/SDH/ATM/Ethernet accesses. Core platform is based on packet technology (Ethernet Switch)
with a generic interface serial 16 x GETH between Core and peripherals.
The peripherals currently available are:
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- 32 ports E1 card for PDH applications
- 16 ports E1 card for native ATM/IMA applications
- 2E1 SFP for few E1s connectivity
- E3 SFP for E3 connectivity
- AUX card for auxiliary channels and station alarms collection
- 2 ports STM-1 card for SDH applications
- EoSDH SFP for Ethernet over SDH applications
- Ethernet Access switch card providing 8GE i/F
- Fan unit
The Outdoor Units are connected to the MSS, through one of the following interfaces:
- One port of the Core Board
- One port of MPT Access card
- One port of EAS card
Industry-leading scalability and density is provided in the 9500 MPR, supporting a two rack unit MSS-
8 (2 RU) or a one rack unit MSS-4 (1 RU) or an half rack unit MSS-1. The MSS-8 has eight slots, MSS-4
has four slots, MSS-1 is a pizza box; in MSS 4 and 8 cases, two are allocated for core cards (control
and switch module), with the remaining six (or two) being available for user traffic adapter cards
(PDH access card, SDH Access Card, ATM access card, Auxiliary card) or for radio card (modem, MPT
Access Card, AWY Access Card). Each of the adapter card slots can be used for any adapter card type,
removing the burden of complex pre-engineering and future scenario planning.
9500 MPR tail supports a mix of non-protected and protected or diversity operation for single link.
For tail applications, the MSS-1c is able to manage up to 2 radio directions, with the possibility to
add-drop tributaries in case of local PDH/Ethernet accesses. MSS-1c is based on packet technology
(Ethernet Switch) with a max capacity of 5 Gbps. MSS-1c is a half width, one rack unit, offering a
compact and cost optimized solution.
The Alcatel-Lucent 9500 MPR has a compact, modular architecture, constructed to allow flexible use
of line adapter cards so operators can optimize the configuration to meet the specific requirements
of a site. With the modular architecture comes additional resiliency and flexibility. The solution can
optionally support 1+1 fully redundant configuration with core cards, PDH /SDH cards and radio
access cards; each type of card can be redundant independently. Full-protected configuration is
available, including EPS, RPS hitless, HSB and Core module protection.
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9500 MPR together with all other Microwave and Optical transmission Network Elements is fully
integrated into 1350 OMS Network Management System providing all the tools required operating
the network. 9500MPR is also managed by the 5620 SAM broadband manager shared with the
Alcatel-Lucent IP product portfolios to provide full management and provision of the network at
service level.
1.1 Working Modes
9500 MPR provides, with a unique type of HW, two SW (Operational Systems) each one with its own
set of features and corresponding licenses:
Packet OS - Service Switch Aggregator
Hybrid OS - Traditional Microwave
The Service Aggregator OS allows configuring any features and any HW (included the Traditional MW
ones) supported in the release.
It is possible to migrate (upgrade) from the Hybrid OS to the Packet OS by installing the proper SW
and upgrading the license accordingly. Over-air capacity per ODU installed is common for both OS.
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2 9500 MPR Platform featuresUnique features include:
Cost-effective wireless solution for High Capacity applications up to 1 Gbit/sec ODU/RF channel
thanks to Packet Throughput Booster feature
High Capacity Ethernet transport with embedded 16 Gbit/sec L2 switch
Intelligent Indoor nodal unit supports up to 24 x ODU in 2U
Multipurpose outdoor unit MPT working either in split mount or zero footprint
Universal Node Architecture
Aggregate any traffic type over a single traffic flow
Statistical Multiplexing gain thanks to the Data Aware Features
ODU capacity and modulation independent
Adaptive modulation error free service driven
TDM MEF8 Encapsulation
ATM over PW according to RFC 4717
E1, E3, SDH, Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet customer interfaces.
Hardened-temperature, from –40°C to +65 °C.
Optional +24V integrated DC/DC converter
Software-configurable traffic routing, without local cabling.
MultiService Packet Ring ITU-T 8032v2
9500 MPR Craft Terminal, an advanced Java-based maintenance tool presents local and remote
node status with performance monitoring, configuration control and diagnostics.
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1.2 MSS
MSS implements functionalities of grooming, routing, switching and protection, exploiting a packet-
oriented technology. It is a modular design through a variety of hot-swappable plugin cards.
The MSS is available in four different versions:
MSS-8 2RU shelf to support up to 24 MPT
Supports up to 24 unprotected links, or 1 protected and 22 unprotected links, or 2 protected and 20 unprotected links, or 12 protected links.
MSS-8
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MSS-4 1RU shelf to support up to 12 MPT
Supports up to 12 unprotected links, or 1 protected link and 10 unprotected links, or 2
protected links and 8 unprotected links
MSS-4
Fan unit is optional and is needed in order to reach +65°C; MSS-4 without Fan Unit supports up to +45°C for all equipment configurations.
MSS-1 ½ RU shelf to support up to 6 MPT
Supports up to 6 unprotected links, or up 3 protected 1+1 links, or a mix of them.
MSS-1
9500 MPR MSS-1 is a compact system, offering E1/DS1 , Ethernet connectivity
The interfaces currently available are:
- 16 ports E1/DS1
- 6 GETH ports, electrical and (2) optical
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- 1 port for local craft terminal
- 1 port for housekeeping
- 2 PFoE (power feed other Ethernet) ports for MPT connection
Fan unit is not needed for MSS-1 that is able to operate in wide range -40°C up to +65 °C.
MSS-1c 1RU and ½ a rack width shelf to support up to 2 MPT
MSS-1c
9500 MPR MSS-1c is a compact system, offering E1/DS1 , Ethernet connectivity and up to 2 radio
directions on a single hardware
The interfaces currently available are:
- 16 ports E1/DS1
- 4 GETH ports, electrical and optical
- 2 ports for NMS chaining
- 1 port for local craft terminal
- 1 port for housekeeping (not managed in current release)
- 2 PFoE (power feed other Ethernet) ports for MPT connection
- 2 optical Gb Ethernet for MPT connection
Fan unit is optional and external to MSS-1c, requested for usage from 50°C to reach 65°C external
temperature.
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9500 MPR MSS–8 receives the Battery input through 2 power connectors mounted on the chassis
and connected directly to the Back plane; on MSS-4 and a single connector is available.
Each board receives the Battery input (via Back plane) and provides adaptation to the customer
central power bus. 9500 MPR MSS–1 receives the Battery input through 2 power connectors
mounted on the frontal panel.
MSS-4/8 slots are reserved this way:
Slot 1 is dedicated to the Core Main Board
Slot 2 is dedicated to the Core Spare Board or to DC injector card
Slots 3-8 are universal, reserved for transport and radio plug-ins
MSS-8 slot scheme
Please note that for building protected radio links (with 2 radio access cards), the relevant boards have to be put on the same horizontal level, i.e. coupled on slots 3-4, or 5-6, or 7-8.
MSS-4 slot scheme
The connection scheme between the modules and the core board in MSS-8 is depicted in the picture
below. The transport modules are connected via Gigabit Ethernet to the Core-E module’s Ethernet
switch that is capable of merging and redirecting the traffic back to the transport modules or to the
radio. The case for MSS-4 is similar.
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MSS-8 Block diagram
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1.3 MPT
2.1 Multipurpose radio
The innovative outdoor unit design of MPT, with GbE standard interface, opens the way to optimized
cost solution in the backhaul network.
MPT is a unique radio capable with the same hardware to be used:
- in standalone configuration (i.e. w/o dedicated indoor units), particularly useful in tail sites enabling
direct interconnection to Base Stations. In this configuration the equipment is called MPR-e.
- in split-mount configuration with MSS indoors
The MPT is a Multipurpose Packet Radio that converts an Ethernet signal into a Radio signal; it
performs not only IF/RF functionalities, but hosts the modem section too. The input interface is a
standard Giga Ethernet interface (electrical or optical).
Ethernet traffic coming from MSS or from any GEthernet generic device (base station, router,
switch..) is transported to MPT through optical or electrical connectivity.
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MPLSMPLS
Stand AloneIntegrated
MW in
fiber Node
CARRIER ETHERNET
CARRIER ETHERNET
Nodal
Split-Mount
Hybrid
Connectivity
Optimize
E1 and Ethernet
Site
NO IDU
MSS-1c
Any BS
Any CPE
MSS-4/8 SAR/TSS
Single MW solution
across multiple use
MPT
Multi purpose Microwave Radio Concept
Optimize
Ethernet Only
Site
Optimize
Fixed/Mobile
Convergence
Optimize
Microwave Nodal
Site
Optimize
MPLS Node
Site
3 Connectivity options
In case of electrical connectivity, indoor/outdoor distance up to 100m,a single CAT5 cable connects
an MPT to the MSS, or the GEthernet generic device.
In case of optical connectivity, two cables connect an MPT to the MSS or GEthernet generic device:
one cable is a 50 ohm coaxial cable to send the -48 V power supply to the MPT; the second is an
optical cable.
4 Frequency availability
MPT covers the full range of frequencies from 5.8 GHz to 38GHz and 70/80 GHz, including 60 GHz.
5 XPIC
Thanks to XPIC function, MPT can provide twice the capacity in one frequency channel ( Co-channel
Dual Polarized) for any combination of Ethernet, PDH and SDH up to 1Gbps.
This is very useful when access to frequency channels is limited.
Two different configurations of “traffic management” are available:
Configuration by default: traffic flows statically configured and separated by the user.
Operator can segregate the two radio interfaces.
In case of LAG, the mechanism is hashing the data flow. In case of hardware failure all the
traffic is redistributed to the working radio and traffic dropping is performed according to
QoS. LAG in conjunction with XPIC is providing both capacity increase and protection of the
high priority traffic
MPT being a multipurpose radio, ALU implemented an innovative solution to allow XPIC upgrade.
MPT-HC is capable to be upgraded in XPIC in field thanks to a dedicated module directly integrated in
the outdoor unit.
Adaptive Modulation (from 4QAM to 256QAM) is a working mode supported in conjunction with
XPIC . Several configurations are available:
2x(1+0) XPIC configuration : 2 MPT-HC interconnected together with XPIC cable. This
configuration allows operating simultaneously two links on the same radio channel, with one
using the vertical polarization, the other one the horizontal.
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Double 1+1 HSB XPIC : this configuration allows to protect 100% the traffic loaded on
polarization H and V in case of failure.
Double 1+1 SD HSB XPIC : same configuration as before with 2 antennas.
6 Throughput Packet Booster
The fundamental objective behind the Alcatel-Lucent packet throughput boost feature on the 9500
MPR is to maximize the amount of traffic payload that traverses a link. This action is done by
reducing the proportion of overhead required to transmit the payload. As most microwave links are
point-to-point in nature and are not shared resources, there is significant opportunity to reduce
unnecessary overhead. If we examine the content of a data packet, as shown in figure below, it is
sometimes surprising to see the amount of overhead when compared to the actual user traffic
contained in the IP payload field. The overhead fields are needed for routing, collision, and flow
identification in complex topology LAN/WAN networks. But in a point-to-point radio link with full-
duplex transmission where the medium is not shared by simultaneous users, overhead can be
drastically reduced to improve and increase overall throughput over the air.
Significant benefits can be gained by reducing packet overhead, especially when small packets are
considered. Let’s take a look at each of the header fields in the basic Ethernet frame .The first two
fields, Interframe Gap (IFG) and preamble, are not transmitted over the air and therefore not needed
in a microwave transmission, so automatically 20 bytes can be entirely eliminated per Ethernet
frame.
• Interframe Gap (12 bytes). Ethernet devices must allow a minimum idle period between
transmissions of Ethernet frames known as the Interframe Gap. IFG was introduced by IEEE
802.3 to avoid collision over a shared medium, such as the LAN.
• Preamble and Start of Frame Delimiter (8 bytes). These fields were added to the IEEE 802.3
standard to allow devices on the network to easily detect a new incoming frame. The
remaining fields that are subject to compression but not automatically eliminated are:
• Ethernet header (14 bytes). This is the information used to switch an Ethernet frame
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across a network segment:
- Destination addresses (6 bytes)
- Source addresses (6 bytes)
- 802.1Q tag (4 bytes): Optional virtual LAN (VLAN) tag
- EtherType/length (2 bytes); EtherType is a two-octet field in an Ethernet frame. It is
used to indicate which protocol is encapsulated in the payload of an Ethernet frame.
• Payload (46-1500 bytes): Contains user data and/or IP/Multi-Protocol Label Switching
(MPLS) frames
We have seen that the IFG and preamble are not needed for microwave transmission, but how
significant is that? Visualizing the typical throughput gain achieved with microwave transmission
when compared to fiber may help. The highest gain occurs with smaller packets, so let’s take an
example where the Ethernet message is 64 bytes long, and the physical capacity transmission limit is
350 Mb/s.
• When the message is transmitted over fiber with one VLAN present, the frame carries
only 42 bytes of useful payload information but requires 84 bytes overall for transport
as it requires the IFG and preamble. As a result, 100 percent of the overhead must be
transported along with the payload.
• For the same physical capacity transmission limit of 350 Mb/s and 64 byte Ethernet
message over microwave, 20 bytes do not need to be transmitted. This results in about 100
Mb/s more data that can be transmitted with this Ethernet frame size, as shown in Figure 2.
All microwave vendors can boast to this level of header suppression, but Alcatel-Lucent improves
microwave header compression.
With the transition to LTE, another opportunity arises for optimizing payload across a radio link. LTE
deployments will increasingly use IPv6 packets, where additional header overhead is encapsulated in
the Ethernet payload. IPv6 IP addresses occupy an additional 32 bytes, making the transport
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efficiency of multi-protocol packets of short length very poor. Header compression can significantly
increase radio link throughput by reducing protocol header overhead. The header size that is
compressed is constant, while the packet payload is variable. The greater the compression, the more
gain achieved for payload capacity. Header compression is most beneficial when small packets are in
the network, and when protocols like IPv4 or IPv6 are used. But not all packets are small. Internet
Mix or IMIX is a term used to describe typical Internet traffic passing through network equipment
such as routers or switches. When measuring equipment performance using an IMIX of packets, the
performance is assumed to resemble what could be observed if that equipment is deployed in a real
network. A typical traffic mix, adopted in the industry to test IPv4 performance and one that is
considered to be a good example of the traffic to be found in a mobile backhauling network, is shown
in Figure. Smaller packet sizes typically contain voice and larger packet sizes data.
Using the IMIX packet distribution, with 56 MHz 256QAM modem profile, and the physical capacity
transmission limit of 350 Mb/s, the following figure shows the amount of throughput gained by using
the Alcatel-Lucent packet throughput boost feature when compared to standard IFG and preamble
microwave suppression.
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The light blue bar represents microwave with standard 20 byte suppression, and the dark blue bar
represents throughput capacity gained with Alcatel-Lucent packet throughput boost feature, which
also includes IFG and preamble suppression. As you can see, there is significantly more throughput
gained using packet throughput boost header compression when compared to the standard
microwave gains achieved with IFG and preamble suppression.
Alcatel-Lucent 9500 MPR header compression is implemented without any compromise to existing
features. With packet microwave, there is no change in Packet Delay Variation (PDV) values or
increase in latency. The Alcatel-Lucent 9500 MPR implementation is unique in that it does not use
additional buffers, which would introduce delay. With the Alcatel-Lucent packet throughput boost
feature, operators gain the most capacity with the highest availability.
As summary, with the Alcatel-Lucent packet throughput boost feature, operators can transport up to
1 Gb/s of traffic on a single channel. Under the most favorable conditions, the gain achieved by the
9500 MPR exceeds 300 percent, with an average that is often beyond 150 percent.
7 MPR-e
MPR-e is a new concept of radio outdoor radio.
Current MPT radio thanks to its GEthernet interface and its modem has a full flexible architecture
capable to support either split-mount architecture and stand alone architecture.
This flexibility is minimizing drastically the number of spare MPT and allowing to operator to change
his network topology based on the same hardware (full outdoor can become split-mount or the
opposite). Any GEthernet generic device (base station, switch, router..) will become capable to
transmit traffic other the air.
The Ethernet traffic is transmitted over the radio channel according to the configured QoS and to the
scheduler algorithms.
8 MPR-s
Until recently, the design and form factor of wireless backhauling solutions were not of great
importance to Service Providers, since they were typically mounted on high masts and unlikely to be
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seen from ground level. This concept is currently changing with the new Metro Cell and Small Cell
network designs being rolled-out. Metro cells are being moved much closer to the ground,
sometimes almost down to street level, e.g. on top of low buildings or light poles/lamp standards.
Moving communications equipment this close to the public means that installing a large traditional
microwave to backhaul these BTS would simply not be an option. MPR-s has been introduced to
cover the metro cell backhaul with small form factor full outdoor radios.
MPR-s also provides the following connectivity options:
• Sub-6 GHz NLOS/nLOS licensed and unlicensed, options that can support up to 250 Mbps in
point-to-point, or point-to-multipoint, configurations.
• 60 GHz unlicensed LOS options that can support 1 Gbps capacity.
9 Environmental – Operating Limits
Item Limit
EnvironmentalStorage
ETS 300019-1-1, Class 1.2ETS 300019-2-1, Class 1.2
TransportationETS 300019-1-2, Class 2.3ETS 300019-2-2, Class 2.3
Stationary use
MSS
ETS EN 300 019-1-3 class 3.2ETS EN 300 019-2-3 class 3.2
MSS-1-4 & 8:-40° to +65° C [1]MSS-1c: -40° to + 55° C (with external fan up to +65°C)
0 to 95% humidity, non-condensing
Dust and throw of waterMSS-1 &4&8, MSS1c: IP20
Stationary use
MPT
ETS EN 300 019-1-4 Class 4.1ETS EN 300 019-2-4 Class 4.1ETSI EN 300 019-2-2 Rev. 9/2000 (for MPT-GC)
Guaranteed Temp. range: -33° to +55° C,
relative humidity 100%
Dust and throw of water: IPX6 for ODU300 and IP67 for MPT
Extended range: -45° to +65° CCold start : -45°CProtection againt Salt environment : EN 60068-2-11 Part2 ed2000-11 test Ka = 168h
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(At extended operating temperatures 9500 MPR may be subject to reduced performances & non-compliancies vs ETSI / ANSI. Contact Alcatel-Lucent for details)
Altitude ≤ 4000m
AcousticETS 300753 Telecommunication equipment room (attended), Class 3.2
Safety
EN 60950 : 2001 + A11:2004 to EN 60950 : 2001EN 60825-1:2001EN 60825-2:2007EN 50385 : 2002
EMC
EN 301 489-1 V1.8.1 (04/2008)EN 301 489-4 V1.3.1 (08/2002)Radiated emissions Class B [2]
Spectrum EN 302 217-2-2 V1.3.1 (04/2009)
Notes: [1] Cold start is guaranteed at -20 °C, up to 60°C when E3 SFP module is inserted
[2] Class A with ASAP board equipped.
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10 Card Description
1.4 Core Board
The Core Board provides the key node management, control functions and Ethernet User traffic
management by performing the following macro functions:
MSS Controller to manage all the peripheral modules. MSS has a one layer control
architecture implemented by a microprocessor acting as Equipment Controller and Physical
Machine Controller.
Layer-2 Ethernet Switch performing Cross-Connect function between all the peripherals and
Ethernet ports. The switch assures to the system a complete interconnections between all
the boards connected into MSS node. The cross-connection between the boards is realized
by 1.25 GHz link.
Clock Reference Unit (CRU) with main function to generate the Network Element Clock.
Ethernet interfaces can be optionally used or as user interfaces or to connect up to 6 MPT
(Outdoor unit)
Core Board
The core board could be protected through a Core “Spare” (same PN of Core “Main”) that can be
added to provide Control platform redundancy and protection of aggregated data using an external
switch. The Core Board also carries the Compact Flash Card, which holds the terminal SW
Configuration and Node License.
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The Frontal panel interfaces provide:
3 x 10/100/1000 Base – T Data Port
1 x 10/100/1000 Base – T configurable Data/NMS Port
2 x SFP ports (Optical or Electrical GETH)
1 x 10/100 Base-T LAN for 9500 MPR Craft Terminal or NMS
1 x Local CT Mini USB to upload Pre-Provisioning File (unused)
1 x Sync CK input via 1.0-2.3 coaxial connector that can be used as source for the Network
Element clock
1 x Sync CK output via 1.0-2.3 coaxial connector that provides the NE Clock
5 LED indicators for test and status
Core Board Frontal Panel
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1.5 PDH Access Board
The PDH Access Board has the aim to manage the specificities of the related external interface, to
implement the adaptation function between the external interface and the boundary internal
interface providing the consistency to the established SLA rules.
The PDH Access Board has two main functions:
Termination or reconstruction of the E1 signal with the original PDH Timing meeting
G823/824 Requirements.
Encapsulation/Extraction of those PDH data flows into/from std Eth packets MEF8
Compliant
PDH Access Board
The Front Panel Interfaces include:
32xE1
One Led indicator for status
In case of EPS line protection two boards will be plugged inside the sub rack and an additional
protection panel will perform a ‘Y’ connection for both Tx and Rx PDH signals.
The card version is 32-port adapter.
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1.6 Ethernet Access Card (EAS)
In case more than 6 local Ethernet access are needed (that are built-in in the core card), 8 GE ports
card offers additional 8 10/100/1000 Ethernet interfaces.
An embedded 10 Gbit/sec L2 switch is present on the card.
There are 4 Electrical 10/100/1000 base-T electrical ports and 4 optical SFP (LX and SX).Supported features:
IEEE 802.1D User Selectable QoS : none, DiffServ or 802.1p bits VLAN management 802.1Q Q-in-Q IEEE 802.1Q Port segregation Flow control 802.3x Auto-negotiation enable/disable Support of jumbo frames (9728 bytes) on FE/GE interfaces Per port policer Per flow policer Broadcast/Multicast storm control MAC address control list VLAN swap
EAS card can be used optionally as interface card to interconnect up to 4 MPTs; supporting up to 24
MPT with a single MSS8.
Additionally, EAS card supports Multichannel LAG L1 feature. Multichannel feature provides a
solution where more traffic capacity is needed than can be transported over one physical link. N
26
radio links are aggregated to provide one logical link with a capacity that is the sum of the individual
links. This feature is particularly useful for wireless transmission systems where multiple radio links
must be used in parallel to achieve very high capacities of 1Gbit/s and above. This provides optimum
payload balance, regardless of the throughput demands of individual user connections
Redundancy is also a feature of multichannel aggregation. If a link is lost, its traffic is directed onto
the remaining link(s) within the group.
If the Ethernet bandwidth on the remaining link(s) is over-subscribed, traffic will be dropped, though
with appropriate QoS settings only low priority data will be affected - all high priority data will
continue to get through.
Multichannel feature can be applied in principle to any kind of traffic: Ethernet, TDM, ATM and SDH.
Multiline feature is supported by EAS 8 Gbit/card, with MPT-HC connected to optical ports.
LAG groups can be IntraEAS (all MPTs on same EAS card) or CrossEAS (MPT on EAS on the same Row);
here below some example of supported configuration. Maximum number of MPTs in a LAG group is
4.
Core NE A
EAS
Core NE B
EAS2EAS1
4 RFChannel
s
4 RFChannel
s
rLAG1 rLAG1 rLAG2
27
EAS2EAS1StackingrLAG1
rLAG2
Core NE A
EAS2
rLAG1 rLAG1
rLAG2
Core NE B
EAS1
rLAG1
4 RFChannel
s
4 RFChannel
s
Stacking
Electrical and Optical EAS ports not belonging to a LAG can be used as User Ports or Radio Interfaces
(SFP ports only) both in 1+0.
Aggregated Radio Links should have same modem profiles.
Adaptive Modulation, ring protection will be progressively introduced in conjunction with
multichannel as well as support of LSY radio channel via the Ethernet plug-in.
28
1.7 2E1 SFP
In order to target applications where a few number of E1s are needed, a miniature E1 over GE
converter is available. 2E1 SFP is SFP device that provides two G. 703 E1 interfaces, supporting the
same functionalities of 32E1 PDH card. In addition, this device is able to generate a “dummy framed”
E1 in order to provide synchronization to an external equipment (like a BTS).
This device can be used instead of 32E1 PDH card when the requested E1 connectivity is limited,
saving in this way one slot in MSS4/MSS8 that can be used by other cards.
2E1 SFP
2xE1 SFP can be plugged in one of the two SFP ports of Core card, providing two G. 703 E1 interfaces
(up to 4xE1 in case Core Card hosts 2 SFP). EPS protection is available in case Core Card is protected:
the secondary SFP is hosted by the stand-by Core, and a Y cable is provided to connect the 2 SFP.
29
1.8 ASAP Board
16E1 ASAP (Any Service Any Port) board is one of the peripherals units of 9500MPR. It enables the
management of ATM services on 9500MPR, collecting native IMA traffic, terminating the IMA groups
and encapsulating/extracting the ATM cells into/from ATM PW packets towards the core board.
Like the PDH Access Card, the ASAP Card has the aim to manage the specificities of the related
external interface, to implement the adaptation function between the external interface and the
boundary internal interface providing the consistency to the established SLA rules.
ASAP card performs the following functions:
Termination of ATM/IMA groups.
Encapsulation/Extraction of those ATM flows into/from ATM PW packets according to RFC
4717 (N:1 mode, with N=1)
ASAP Board
The Front Panel Interfaces include:
16xE1
Four Led indicators
ASAP card is sharing same cords and same connectors of PDH access board for local access.
The Card Version is 16-Port Adapter.
30
1.9 SDH Access Card
9500MPR SDH Access card is the board that enables 9500 MPR to be connected to a SDH network.
The same board can be used in two different working modes, addressing two different network
scenarios:
STM-1 mux/demux
STM-1 transparent transport over the radio
SD
H Access Board
31
11STM-1 mux/demux application
The STM-1 mux/demux behaves as a terminal multiplexer; it terminates or originates the
SDH frame. It multiplexes up to 63xE1 into a STM-1 electrical/ optical line connection.
Standard VC4 mapping of lower-order E1 traffic streams to/from STM-1 is applied, that
means that a VC4 directly maps up to 63xVC12 into an STM-1 signal (in turn each VC12
contains 1xE1)
Typical application is a direct connection to SDH add-drop multiplexers (ADMs)
12 STM-1 transparent transport application
In this application the board has the aim to manage the specificities of the related external
interface and to implement the adaptation function between the external interface and the
boundary internal interface. Up to 2xSTM-1/OC-3 are transparently transported through a
single radio link.
The card supports 1xSTM-1 in channelized mode or up to 2xSTM-1 interfaces in transparent
transport mode (2 optical interfaces or 1 electrical interface)
The Front Panel Interfaces include:
2x SFP (optical LC connector or electrical 1.0/2.3 connector)
One Led indicator for status
In case of EPS line protection two boards are plugged inside the sub rack. Optional splitter Y-cables
are provided for both Tx and Rx SDH signals.
32
1.10 EoSDH SFP
Ethernet over SDH (EoSDH) SFP is miniature Gigabit Ethernet over STM-1/OC3 converter that bridges
between GE networks and SDH networks providing simple and efficient Gigabit Ethernet connectivity
over SDH.
The device offers a migration path for connecting future-ready IP devices to existing SDH/SONET
networks
EoSDH SFP
EoS SFP supports the following basic features:
Delivers Gigabit Ethernet traffic over a single STM-1/OC-3 link
Supports standard GFP encapsulation according to G.7041/Y.1303: Gigabit Ethernet frames are
mapped into VC-4 or STSc-3
Physical interface is 1xSTM-1 optical in a SFP cage with LC connector.
EoSDH SFP can be plugged in one of the two SFP ports of Core card (up to 2xSTM-1 in case Core Card
hosts 2 SFP). EPS protection is available in case Core Card is protected: the secondary SFP is hosted
by the stand-by Core, and an optical splitter is provided to connect the 2 SFP.
33
1.11 E3 SFP
E3 SFP is a TDM Pseudo wire access gateway extending TDM-based services over packet-switched
networks.
E3 SFP
The device converts the data stream from its user E3 interface into packets for transmission over
9500 MPR network; the addressing scheme is MEF8. These packets are transmitted via the SFP port
of the Core Board; a remote E3 SFP converts the packets back to TDM traffic.
Physical interface is 1xE3 electrical in a SFP cage with 1.0x2.3 connector.
E3 SFP can be plugged in one of the two SFP ports of Core card (up to 2xE3 in case Core Card hosts 2
SFP.
EPS protection is available in case Core Card is protected: the secondary SFP is hosted by the stand-
by Core, and a Y cable is provided to connect the 2 SFP.
34
1.12MPT Access Card
The MPT Access Card is dedicated to connect the MPT to MSS,.
Up to two MPT can be connected to the MPT Access Card
Main physical characteristics:
2 x 10/100/1000 Base – T Port for electrical data to/from MPT. These ports can also
power the MPT through the same CAT5 cable.
2 x SFP Optical GETH for optical data connectivity to/from MPT
Double 50Ω QMA Connectors as an option for MPT Power feeding in case of optical
connectivity
Main Functions:
o Provide traffic interface between Core switch and MPT
o Provide the power supply interface to the MPT
o Lightning and surge protection for both electrical GETH and power interfaces that are
connected to MPT
o MPT 1+1 protection management
o Clock distribution function
o Radio Link Quality notification through MPR Protection Protocol frames
35
MPT Access Card
o Communication with Core controller for provisioning and status report.
36
1.13Power injector plug-in
This card can be used for several applications:
When MPT is connected to CORE, power injector is needed to provide power to the MPT
at optimized price
When MPT is used in stand alone (MPR-e) and connected to 7705SAR, Power injector
plug-in can be used inside 7705 chassis to power MPT
A box version is also available for all other applications of MPR-e.
Main physical characteristics:
2 DC connectors in the front (box), or power from the backpanel.
2 RJ45 for the data in
2 RJ 45 for the data + DC out
2 LEDs indicating the presence of DC voltage on each Ethernet output
Power injector plug-in
37
1.14AUX board
Service channels accesses and housekeeping alarm are supported by auxiliary peripheral.
Auxiliary cards support two main functions:
Auxiliary data channels management (2 x 64 Kbit/s service channels)
External I/O management
AUX Board
Auxiliary board front panel is equipped with four connectors:
EOW connector
Service channel interface #1 (RS422 V11 DCE 64 kbit/s)
Service channel interface #2 (RS422 V11 DCE 64 kbit/s)
Housekeeping interface (6 inputs + 7 outputs. The polarity of each alarm is user configurable
and a user defined label could be added per each alarm)
Only one auxiliary card per NE can be equipped, and in a fixed position: it can be lodged in slot 8
(bottom right) of MSS-8 or in slot 4 (bottom right) of MSS-4.
Typical applications for AUX board are :
transport over MPR of the ingress service channels that could be delivered for example by
9400 LUX 40/50, LUX12, 9400AWY 2.0/2.1, 9500 MXC
38
transport over MPR of the ingress service channels that could be delivered by end user. Note
in case of 64 Kbit/sec the end user must be always configured as DTE.
transport over MPR of the TMN signal coming from:
o LUX 12, V11 9.6 Kbit/s RQ2 protocol
o LUX 40/50, V11 9.6 Kbit/s SNMP protocol
Please note that in the last case MPR is taking care of pure transport; no termination of TMN channel
is done inside MPR using aux card, while recommended TMN chain is done using Ethernet TMN
interface for 9400AWY and 9500 MXC.
39
1.15Fan BoardA FAN card is required inside the MSS-4/8 shelf. MSS-4 can be optionally equipped without fan card,
supporting temperature up to +45°C 1. The FAN holds three long-life axial fans, which are controlled
and performance-monitored by the controller.
Fan Board
To have high reliability 3 fans are used with separate alarms in order to understand the urgency (two
or three fans failed) or the not urgency condition (one fan failed).
The Unit is inserted from front side to avoid payload interruptions in case of fan maintenance. The
FAN is hot swappable and in-service replacement doesn't affect traffic.
An optional Fan unit, called Fan Alarm Card, is available on MSS-8, hosting a housekeeping connector
for Equipment Alarms (Summary, Major and Minor) and 4 housekeeping inputs and 8 high reliability
fans. The board is mandatory when 24V DC converter is equipped.
1
40
1.16+24V integrated DC/DC converter
An optional +24V DC/DC converter is available for MSS-8 shelf
One or two converters are able to slide on the MSS chassis, side by side, in a single card slot.
Unprotected converter kit will be used in configurations where single, non –redundant “A” battery
feed is used. Protected converter kit will be used when dual, redundant, “A” and “B” battery feeds
are used. In either configurations, the +24VDC to -48VDC converter kits use a single vacant slot of the
MSS chassis.
There is no interconnection between the converter(s) and the MSS backplane. Both the +24 VDC
input and -48 VDC output are available via 2 position connectors on the front of the unit.
The converter(s) will receive its input(s) from +24 VDC primary power feed(s) and the -48 VDC
output(s) will be connected to the MSS -48 VDC inputs located on the right side of the MSS chassis
via a short external power cable, providing -48 VDC to the MSS, in the same way the shelf is powered
when -48 VDC primary is used as oppose to +24 VDC.
+24V DC/DC converter can power any module in the shelf (and of course related ODU connected to
the module) up to a total power consumption of 348 watts.
When + 24V DC/DC converter is used, the Fan Alarm board must be equipped in the rack.
41
13 IDU Datasheet
MSS-8 Indoor Chassis 2RUNumber of Slots 9Slots Dedicated to FAN unit 1Slots dedicated for Core Boards 2Slots dedicated for Access/Modem Boards 6
Electrical DC Supply input range -40.5 to -57,6 VDC+18 to+36 VDC
DC connector 2-pin DSUB power typeWeight (nominal) < 3.8 kgDimensions (including mounting brackets) 88mm (2RU) x 482mm x 250mm
MSS-4 Indoor Chassis 1RUNumber of Slots 5Slots Dedicated to FAN unit (optional) 1Slots dedicated for Core Boards 2Slots dedicated for Access/Modem Boards 2Electrical DC Supply input range -40.5 to -57,6 VDC
DC connector 2-pin DSUB power typeWeight (nominal) < 2.8 kgDimensions (including mounting brackets) 44mm (1RU) x 482mm x 250mm
MSS-1 Indoor unit ½ RUMonoboardElectrical DC Supply input range - 48/60 VDC +/- 20%
DC connector 2-pin DC connectorWeight (nominal) < 2 kgDimensions (including mounting brackets) 433 mm x 188 mm x 22 mmLAN interface Type 2x 10/100/1000 baseT
Connector 2x 8-pin RJ45Type 2xGE Optical/Electrical
Connector SFP moduleConfiguration memory, removable
On-Board removable Compact Flash card
User traffic TDM interface Connectors SCSIImpedance 75W unbalanced or 120W balanced,
configurableInterface towards MPT Data 4x10/100/1000BaseT RJ45, 2xGE optical
Power 2v GE electrical Power consumption <35 with 2 PoE W
< 22 W stand alone W
42
MSS-1c Indoor unit 1RUMonoboardElectrical DC Supply input range -40.5 to -57,6 VDC
DC connector 2-pin DC connectorWeight (nominal) < 1 kgDimensions (including mounting brackets) 44mm (1RU) x 235mm x 176mmLAN interface Type 2x 10/100/1000 baseT
Connector 2x 8-pin RJ45Type 2xGE Optical 1000Base-LX/SX SFP or
Electrical 1000-BaseTConnector SFP module
User traffic TDM interface Connectors 37-pin SUBDImpedance 75W unbalanced or 120W balanced,
configurableInterface towards MPT Data 2x10/100/1000BaseT RJ45, 2xGE optical
Power GE electrical i/f with MPT MC, 2xQMA with MPT HC
Power consumption <17 W
CORE BOARDLAN interface Type 2x 10/100/1000 baseT
Connector 2x 8-pin RJ45Type 2xGE Optical/Electrical
Connector SFP moduleConfiguration memory, removable On-Board removable Compact Flash cardPower consumption <20 WLED Indicators 5Dimensions (including front panel and rear conn.) 22mm x 230mm x 170mm (H,L,W)Fuse 5AWeigth <0.5 Kg
Fan Card 2UFans 3Power consumption <8 WWeight (nominal) < 0.22 KgDimensions (including front panel and rear conn.) 26.5mm x 82.5mm x 220mm
Fan Alarm Card 2U
43
Fans 8Power consumption <TBDWeight (nominal) < TBD KgDimensions (including front panel and rear conn.) 26.5mm x 82.5mm x 220mm
Fan Card 1UFans 3Power consumption <3 WWeight (nominal) < 0.1 kgDimensions (including front panel and rear conn.) 28.5mm x 41 mm x 220mm
MPT Access Cardinterface towards MPT Data 2x10/100/1000BaseT RJ45, 2xGE optical
Power GE electrical i/f with MPT MC, 2xQMA with MPT HC
LED Indicators 1 Card Status led, 2 x Tri-state for MPT connectivity
Dimensions (including front panel and rear connector)
22mm x 230mm x 170mm (H,L,W)
Weight < 0.5 kg (1,1 lb)Power consumption <11 WFuse 3A
MPT modem characteristics MPT HC MPT MCCapacity support from 3.5 to 56 MHz
Modulation support QPSK, , 16QAM, 32QAM, 64QAM, 128QAM, 256QAM
Adaptive modulation supported YES YESXPIC supported YES NO,
Access Cards
PDH Access BoardLED Indicators 1 Status ledPower consumption (nominal) <16 WDimensions (including front panel and rear connector) 22mm x 230mm x 170mm (H,L,W)Weight (nominal) < 0.34 kg (0.74 lb)Interface, configurable Electrical 1 to 32x 2.048 Mbps (E1)
Electrical interface parameters
Standards Compliance
E1 Compliant to ITU-T Rec. G.703, G.823
Line code E1 HDB3
Connectors TDM32 2x SCSI
44
Impedance E1 75W unbalanced or 120W balanced, configurable
2E1 SFPPower consumption (nominal) <1,1 WDimensions (including front panel and rear connector) 17.0mm x 13.7mm x 77.0mm
(H,W,D)Weight (nominal) 15g (0.5 oz)Interface, configurable
Electrical 1xE1, 2xE1
Electrical interface parameters
Standards Compliance
E1 Compliant to ITU-T Rec. G.703, G.823
Line code E1 HDB3Connectors E1 RJ45Impedance E1 120 ohm balanced
75 ohm unbalanced
E3 SFPPower consumption (nominal) <1,1 WDimensions (including front panel and rear connector) 12.4mm x 14mm x 79mm (H,W,D) Weight (nominal) 30g (1 oz)Interface Electrical E3
Electrical interface parameters
Standards Compliance
E3 Compliant to ITU-T Rec. G.703, G.823
Line code E3 HDB3Connectors E3 1.0x2.3Impedance E3 75 ohm unbalanced
SDH Access CardLED Indicators 1 Status ledPower consumption (nominal) <17 WDimensions (including front panel and rear connector) 22mm x 230mm x 170mm
(H,L,W)Weight (nominal) < 0.34 kg (0.74 lb)Interface, configurable
1xSTM-1, 2xSTM-1
Interface parameters
Standards Compliance
SDH Compliant to ITU-T Rec. G.707, G.957
Connector 2xSFPType STM-1 electrical, 1.0x2.3
STM-1 optical, LC single mode
EoSDH SFPPower consumption (nominal) <1.3 WDimensions (including front panel and rear connector) 12.2mm x 13.7mm x 76.2mm
(H,W,D)
45
Weight (nominal) 15g (0.5 oz)Interface Optical 1xSTM-1
Electrical interface parameters
Standards Compliance
STM-1 Compliant to ITU-T Rec. G.7041, G.957
Connectors 1xSFPType STM-1 optical, LC single mode
ASAPLED Indicators 4 Status ledPower consumption (nominal) <16 WDimensions (including front panel and rear connector)
22mm x 230mm x 170mm (H,L,W)
Weight (nominal) < 0.9 kg (2 lb)Interface, configurable Electrical 1 to 16x 2.048 Mbps (E1)
Electrical interface parameters
Standards Compliance
E1 Compliant to ITU-T Rec. G.704
Line code E1 HDB3
Connectors ASAP16 1x SCSI
Impedance E1 75W unbalanced or 120W balanced, configurable
Auxiliary cardLED Indicators 2 Status ledPower consumption (nominal) <8 WDimensions (including front panel and rear connector)
22mm x 230mm x 170mm (H,L,W)
Weight (nominal) < 0.5 kg Auxiliary data Aux Data
Channels2
Interface RS422Line rate 64 Kbit/s, synchronous
Connector type 15 pin D-SUBAlarm I/O External Alarm
Inputs6
External Alarm Outputs
7
Connector type 15 pin D-SUB
46
14 Modem Performances (MPT)
1.17 Bit Rate, Capacity and Roll-Off factor1
Please refer to “9500MPR ETSI Technical summary” spreadsheet
1.18 Dispersive Fade Margin (DFM)
Profile DFM4QAM - 28 MHz 708PSK - 28 MHz 69,3
16QAM - 56 MHz 56,616QAM - 28 MHz 64,616QAM - 14 MHz 70,732QAM - 56 MHz 49,332QAM - 28 MHz 56,132QAM - 14 MHz 6732QAM - 7 MHz 73,5
64QAM - 56 MHz 46,764QAM - 28 MHz 55,164QAM - 14 MHz 65,164QAM - 7 MHz 72,6
128QAM - 56 MHz 43,3128QAM - 28 MHz 53,1128QAM - 14 MHz 69,7128QAM - 7 MHz 70,4
256QAM - 56 MHz 40,7256QAM - 28 MHz 49,4256QAM - 14 MHz 58,7256QAM - 7 MHz 69,6
47
1.19 Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR)
SNR @ 10-6 BER (dB)
3,5 MHz 7 MHz 14 MHz 28 MHz 40 MHz 56 MHz
CLass2QPSK 9,5 dB 8,0 dB 8,0 dB 8,0 dB
8PSK 13,0 dB 12,5 dB 12,0 dB 12,0 dB
CLass416QAM 14,5 dB 14,0 dB 13,6 dB 13,6 dB 13,6 dB
32QAM 18,8 dB 18,1 dB 17,4 dB 17,4 dB 17,4 dB
CLass564QAM 21,6 dB 20,8 dB 20,2 dB 20,2 dB 20,2 dB 20,2 dB
128QAM 25,0 dB 24,0 dB 24,0 dB 24,0 dB 24,0 dB
CLass6 256QAM 27,6 dB 26,7 dB 26,5 dB 26,5 dB 26,5 dB
1.20 Co-Channel Threshold Degradation
Modulation 1 dB degradation @BER=10e-6 3 dB degradation @BER=10e-6
QPSK 13 dB 8 dB
8PSK 18 dB 13 dB
16QAM 20 dB 15 dB
32QAM 24 dB 19 dB
64QAM 27 dB 22 dB
128QAM 29 dB 24 dB
256QAM 32.5 dB 27.5 dB
48
15 MEF-8 and ATM
1.21 MEF-8As described in MetroEthernet Forum, MEF-8 is a standard for “implementing interoperable CES
equipment that reliably transport TDM circuits across Metro Ethernet Networks while meeting the
required performance of circuit emulated TDM services as defined in ITU-T and ANSI TDM
standards”. The Circuit Emulation Service (CES) emulates a circuit network, by packetizing,
encapsulating and tunneling the TDM traffic over Ethernet.
MEF-8 Service Definitions
Alcatel-Lucent 9500 MPR implements a proprietary technique that reduces to a few percentages the
overhead improving the use on bandwidth on air when MEF-8 emulated circuits are transported. The
improvement depends on the MEF-8 payload size and frame format and in case of TDM2TDM results
in having quite the same efficiency than a traditional TDM radio.
16 BER performances When MEF-8 Ethernet frames are transmitted through a noisy medium (e.g. the Radio Physical
Layer), bit errors may occur. If an Ethernet frame is affected by one error, this is detected and the
entire frame is dropped. This affects the TDM with a worse BER that if compared with a traditional
TDM over TDM transmission process, it is higher, multiplied by a factor that is the frame length.
In order to avoid such BER degradation a technique is implemented such as for any reasonable BER
on the Radio Channel, the TDM transported by MEF-8 CESoETH is affected by the same BER without
any multiplication effect.
49
17 Packet Delay Variation control A technique is implemented in order to control Packet Delay Variation (PDV) affecting MEF-8
Ethernet frames. With this technique the waiting time that affects MEF-8 Ethernet frames are not
depending on the length of the Ethernet frame.
This gives benefit in term of packet delay variation minimization, so that any kind of services (VoIP,
TDM, ATM, Ethernet) is experiencing a small cost value of PDV, independently and regardless of the
traffic load.
1.22 ATM9500 MPR terminates the native ATM stream collected through ASAP card and to aggregate this
traffic into a unique Ethernet flow towards the air.
In the 9500 MPR node facing the Core Network, the original ATM stream can be either re-built on
ASAP card or sent as ATM PW packets through Ethernet interface.
ASAP card supports Inverse Multiplexing over ATM (IMA) v.1.1. It is possible to configure up to 8 IMA
groups on the same card; a single IMA group can support 1 to 16 E1 links.
The ASAP card extracts the ATM cells from each IMA group and discards the empty cells, optimizing
the bandwidth; it performs policing on ATM traffic and encapsulates the ATM cells into Ethernet
packets, according to RFC 4717.
At radio level, 9500 MPR manages the QoS of the original ATM stream according to the ATM services
category. Each ATM flow is assigned to a different radio queue according to its priority.
Same proprietary technique used in MEF-8 transport to improve the use on bandwidth on air, the
BER and PDV are also used to improve the ATM transport.
Two main applications are foreseen for ATM services:
ATM to ATM (ATM hand-off) 9500MPR terminates the native ATM stream collected though
ASAP board and aggregates this traffic into a unique Ethernet flow at Radio Side. In the last
9500MPR node facing Core Network, the original ATM flows are re-built on ASAP board. ATM
aggregation is performed by collecting the traffic of multiple NodeB onto a single IMA group
with a reduced number of E1 output links. In this scenario, optimization is achieved at radio
level and in terms of number of E1 interfaces towards core network.
50
ATM PW IMA groups are terminated by MPR network on NodeB side and ATM traffic,
encapsulated into Ethernet frames, is transported into the Core Network towards RNC. At
RNC site, MPLS gateways shall de-capsulate the ATM cells from the Ethernet frames and
rebuild the original ATM streams.
18 Physical layer Management
Compliant to ATM E1 Physical Layer Specification AF-PHY-0064.000
16 E1s supported (with usual HDB3 line coding)
Physical impedance configurable (twisted pair 120 Ohm balanced or coax. 75 Ohm
unbalanced)
Each E1 port could be configured to be:
node timing (i.e. clock is derived from the common network element clock)
loop timing (i.e the clock is derived from the incoming E1)
19IMA layer management Compliant to Inverse Multiplexing for ATM (IMA) Specification – Version 1.1 AF-PHY-0086.
IMA version 1.1
IMA frame length:128
IMA clock mode: CTC
Support up to 8 IMA groups on the same card
Minimum number of transmit links (E1s) inside one IMA group to consider active the group is
user configurable. Default value is 1.
Maximum number of transmit links (E1s) inside one IMA group is 16
Maximum differential delay among links is user configurable, up to 75 ms. Default value is 25
ms.
IMA group ID is user configurable (range from 0 t0 255)
20 ATM layer management Compliant to ATM traffic management version 4.1 AF-TM-0121.000 and to
Addendum to ATM TM v 4.1 for UBR MDCR AF-TM-0150.000
Up to 48 VPs/VCs for each ATM interface (IMA group) could be defined
For each VP/VC defined inside an ATM interface, an ATM Traffic descriptor
for the ingress (ATM to Packet direction) and egress (Packet to ATM
direction) directions could be defined, as foreseen by relevant standards.
51
Parameters for ATM Traffic descriptor that are configurable:
Service category: CBR (Constant Bit Rate), UBR+, UBR (Unspecified Bit
Rate)
PCR value: Peak Cell Rate [cell/sec] specified for all service categories
MDCR value: Minimum Desired Cell Rate [cell/sec] specified for UBR+.
MDCR=0 for UBR
In order to further optimize the radio bandwidth, the following traffic
management is supported:
CBR: traffic is transported at the PCR (peak cell rate)
UBR+ : traffic is transported at the MDCR (Minimum Desired Cell Rate), the
traffic exceeding the MDCR (but below PCR) is transported if radio
bandwidth is available
UBR: traffic is transported as best effort
Two different working modes are possible:
VCC mode (Virtual Circuit Connection): the transport of ATM traffic into
Ethernet frames is done encapsulating into the same Ethernet flow only
ATM cells belonging to the same VC. ·
VPC mode (Virtual Path Connection): the transport of ATM traffic into
Ethernet frames is done encapsulating into the same Ethernet flow all ATM
cells belonging to the same VP, whatever the VC
Interface types supported are both UNI/NNI, to be chosen at NE level.
21 PW layer ATM PW service support N:1 Cell Mode encapsulation with N=1.
Key parameters PWs flows are related to cell concatenation:
o Maximum number of concatenated ATM cells; this value answers to
“how many ATM cells in one Ethernet frame?”. Usual value are low
for CBR traffic (L=2) and higher for UBR (L=10)
o Timeout value; this value answers to “how long it is needed to wait
for next ATM cell?”. Usual value are low for real time traffic (1 ms)
and higher for non real time traffic (5 ms)
For each ATM PW flow, it is possible to change VPI/VCI value of the
transported cells to a different value (VPI/VCI Translation)
Ingress VPI/VCI translation (ATM-> Ethernet direction): VPI/VCI value of
ATM cells encapsulated into PW Ethernet frames is changed to a user
configurable value
52
Egress VPI/VCI translation (Ethernet -> ATM direction) : Whatever is the
VPI/VCI value within ATM cells transported by ATM PW frame, VPI/VCI value
is changed (into the ATM Cells sent towards ATM interface) according to
the configured value of related VP (in case of VPC mode) or VC (VCC mode)
of ATM interface
Capacity: it is possible to support: o Up to 48 ATM PWs for each ATM interface (IMA group) that can be
supported on the same ASAP card
o Up to 128 ATM PWs on the same ASAP card
53
2
9 Adaptive Modulation
To be able to fulfill the required quality of service (QoS) parameter of the specific applications,
together with the goal of efficient usage of the available frequency spectrum under temporal variable
channel conditions, the signal transmission parameter should be adapted to the near-instantaneous
channel conditions.
The receiver measures/estimates the communication channel conditions and sends a report to the
transmitter station. The signal transmission parameters are determined for the next transmission
according to channel quality estimation. The transmitter and the receiver must regularly synchronize
the applied communication mode.
An appropriate prediction method is needed for channel parameter estimation, because channel
quality estimation error limits the performance of the adaptive system. The most reliable approach is
based on the Signal-to-Interference-plus-Noise-Ratio (SINR), measured obtained using the Mean
Square Error (MSE).
The radio with ACM is "error-less", in other words is able to guarantee the same performances
either in case of Constant Bit Rate (CBR) payload or in case of "First Priority" payload. The error-less
concept means that a certain portion of the traffic, i.e. SDH, PDH or other-like CBR or NCBR defined
by the customer/operator as "first priority", shall be treated as the traditional traffic in SDH or PDH
system, guarantying a certain level of availability.
The remaining portion of traffic is carried with less availability, according to the link propagation
performances, guarantying the "best effort" or other objectives.
9500 MPR allows to fully exploit the air bandwidth in its entirety by changing modulation scheme
according to the propagation availability, associating to the different services quality the available
transport capacity.
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2.1 Performances of Adaptive Modulation: for Flat Fading, 9500 MPR supports notch speed up to 100 dB/sec without errors on priority
traffic.
in case of Selective Fading 9500 MPR is able to provide a 40 dB notch event, thus supporting
100 MHz/sec speed without errors.
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3Synchronization
The Alcatel-Lucent 9500 MPR product family supports a full range of local and end-to-end network-
synchronization solutions for a wide variety of applications.
At the ingress of the microwave backhauling the network clock can be locked to anyone of the
following sources:
Synch-Eth
Any plesiochronous E1/T1 data link chosen from any input interface
Dedicated Sync-In port available on MPR core module for a waveform frequency signal at 2, 5, or 10 MHz
Built-in free run oscillator.
STM1 clock chosen from SDH input interface
At the egress of the backhauling network synchronization is made available through anyone of the
following:
Synch-Ethernet according to G.8261/8262
Any plesiochronous E1/T1 data link chosen from any output interface
Dedicated Sync-In port available on MPR core module for a waveform frequency signal at 2, 5, or 10 MHz.
STM1 clock chosen from SDH output interface
It is important to notice that ingress and egress methods can be freely mixed, depending on the
specific needs of the operator. So, as an example, the network clock can be locked to an ingress E1
and delivered through a Synch-Eth or BITS interface at the egress of the microwave backhauling.
On the radio channel, a 9500 MPR transfers the reference clock to an adjacent MPR device through
the radio carrier frequency at physical layer. This method offers two main advantages:
No bandwidth is consumed for the synchronization distribution
Total immunity to the network load.
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End-to-end scenarios where time-of-day/phase alignment are requested are fully supported, as 1588
PTP v2 is delivered transparently by MPR across the microwave backhauling network.
MPR deployment in mobile backhauling
Both for Hybrid and Packet working modes, the Clock can be received at hand-off or delivered at the
cell site. Synch-Eth, E1, PDH, SDH and BITS clock modes are available.
9500 MPR has an embedded reference clock which is distributed to each board of the network
element. Such clock is generated in the Clock Reference Unit (CRU) of the core card (controller).
57
PDH cardPDH card
ASAP cardASAP card
Radio cardRadio card
Core cardCore card
E1/T1
CRUCRUClockselectorClockselector
G813 quality
ATM/IMAE1/T1
Symbol rate
Synch- EthSynch-Out
PDH cardPDH card
ASAP cardASAP card
Radio cardRadio card
Core cardCore card
E1/T1
ATM/IMAE1/T1
Symbol rate
Synch- EthSynch-Out
Stratum 3oscillator
Distributed reference clock
SDH/Sonetcard
SDH/Sonetcard
STM-1/OC-3
SDH/Sonetcard
SDH/Sonetcard
STM-1/OC-3
Clock source selection and distribution
The availability of the Clock in the Network represents the most common scenario, characterized by
a time source available at the ingress of the microwave backhauling network, derived from the
primary reference clock.
PRC
Service nodewith master clock
Microwave tail
Microwavehub
Microwave hand-off
Cell site
Aggregation network
Sync-EthT1/ E1BITS
1588
Aggregation
network
L1 synchL1 synchSync-EthT1/ E1BITS
Network clock –frequency
Network clock –phase
Service clock
Sync-EthSDH
DCR
Network Clock Available
Synchronization (frequency) is delivered to the cell site using any of the options available on MPR,
depending on the operator’s need. Worth repeating ingress and egress methods can be mixed (i.e.
Synch-Eth at the ingress, E1/T1 at the egress) via a simple configuration.
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4Ethernet Features
4.1 MAC Switching – embedded Level 2 EthernetThe switch is capable to evaluate the destination address of each frame received and to transmit the
individual frames to the correct egress port according to information contained in a database
"address resolution table" and associated to destination address. If the switch does not know on
which port to forward the frame (destination address is not present in "address resolution table"), it
sends the packet on all ports (flooding). The switch performs half transparent bridge functionality
that is to filter the frames which destination is on the segment (port) where it was received.
4.2 Level-2 Addressing The address management function is performed in the switch through the address table (Level-2
Table) that can manage up to 16384 entries in MSS-4/8, 8192 entries in MSS-1c. This means that the
maximum number of MAC addresses supported is 16384 for MSS-4/8 and 8192 with MSS-1c.
New entries are automatically learned when packet is received on port.
These entries can be created or updated by the Equipment.
The aging process periodically removes dynamically learned addresses from the "address resolution
table".
Learning is based on Source MAC Address and VLAN ID.
It is possible to combine this function with the static configuration of the registration entries. For any
valid incoming packet, the Source MAC Address is associated to the VLAN ID (directly from the packet
or through VLAN Tables) and used to search the proper tables.
If a match is not found, the new address is learned and associated with the ingress port of the
packet. If a match is found, no further action is taken for learning.
The Destination MAC Address along with the VLAN ID is used as a search key for the packet’s output
port.
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If a match is found then the packet is switched out on the matched port, otherwise, if the match is
not found, then a Destination Lookup Failure (DLF) occurs and the packet is switched out on all ports
that are members of the VLAN, except that one which has received the packet in ingress.
4.3 Flooding If the switch does not know on which port to forward the frame (destination address is not present in
"address resolution table"), it sends the packet on all ports (flooding). By default the flooding is
enabled on all ports and doesn’t require any CT/NMS setting. Nevertheless using the cross
connections capability is possible to restrict the flooding only on some ports.
4.4 Half bridge functionality The switch performs half transparent bridge functionality (address learning to filter the frames which
destination is on the segment where it was generated).
4.5 Summary of Ethernet Features Supported
4.5.1 IEEE 802.3x Flow control In case of incoming Ethernet traffic leading to exhaustion of buffers on input queues, PAUSE frames
are transmitted from the switch to remote peer in order to slow down the traffic (if the peer
supports flow control).
In the other direction, when the switch receives a pause frame on a specific port from peer
equipment, the switch stops the packet transmission on that port until receives again a pause frame
with resume transmission command.
Flow control to be fully effective (no packets lost inside the network) requires that all devices in the
end-to-end path support flow control.
The flow control function is supported only when the capability is full duplex.
The flow control setting on the switch ports linked to user Ethernet ports must be consistent with the
setting on the user ports.
Flow control is supported on MSS-1c, on 1 port, in full duplex asymmetric Tx mode, meaning that the
switch will be able to transmit PAUSE frames, but will ignore received PAUSE frames.
Flow control is not supported on MPR-e.
4.5.2 Asymmetric Flow control
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This features on switch port based, allows of enable the pause frame only in transmission or receiver
side.
In the first case the switch can generate pause frame toward peer but is not able to stop transmission
traffic when receives a pause from peer.
In the second case, asymmetric receive flow control enabled, the switch when receives a pause
frame stops the transmission but is not able to transmit pause frame toward the peer.
The asymmetric flow control setting on the switch ports linked to user Ethernet ports must be
consistent with the setting on the user ports.
4.5.3 802.1Q VLAN managementThe port-based VLAN feature allows of partition the switch ports into virtual private domains.
According to the type of site configuration and cross-connections setting this feature is properly
managed by the software. For example, if all traffic from one Ethernet port must be forwarded only
in one radio direction is good to enable the traffic exchange only between these ports.
The IEEE 802.1Q tag VLAN feature can be enabled including between the other the stripping or
adding of the TAG and VLAN lookups in addition to MAC lookups (this feature between the other can
be useful for re-route TMN traffic to the controller).
The IEEE 802.1Q tag VLAN feature can be enabled or disabled (be transparent for the VLAN) including
between the other the stripping or adding of the TAG and VLAN lookups in addition to MAC lookups
(this feature can be useful to logically break a physical LAN into a few smaller logical LAN and to
prevent data to flow between the sub-LAN), dropping NON-VLAN Frames.
4.5.4 Link Aggregation (IEEE 802.3ad)Link Aggregation allows one or more physical links to be aggregated together to form a Link
Aggregation Group, such that a MAC Client (CES, VLAN Management, etc.) can treat the Link
Aggregation Group as if it is a single link.
Link Aggregation provides the following:
Increased bandwidth: The capacity of multiple links is combined into one logical link
Link protection: The failure or replacement of a single link within a Link Aggregation Group
does not cause failure from the perspective of a MAC Client.
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Load sharing: MAC Client traffic may be distributed across multiple links.
Automatic configuration: Link Aggregation Groups are automatically configured and
individual links are automatically allocated to those groups relying on the Link Aggregation
Protocol.
Static configuration: Link Aggregation Groups are statically configured by the operator.
Link aggregation is not currently supported on MSS-1c.
4.6 Ethernet OAM (IEEE 802.3ag)Ethernet OAM is a set of procedures for maintenance and troubleshooting of point-to-point and
multi-point Ethernet Virtual Connections that span one or more links. It is end-to-end within an
Ethernet network. The following figure shows a network comprising of multiple domains within the
metro network.
Customer domain
Provider domain
Operator 1domain Operator 2
domain
Customer domain
Provider domain
Operator 1domain Operator 2
domain
The customer subscribes to the services of a provider, who in turn subscribes to the services of two
operators. Every domain has its own NMS. There are two planes. “Vertical” plane in red shows the
OAM entities across different domains. “Horizontal” plane in blue has various OAM entities (MEPs
and MIPs) within a domain. The following figures show the cross-section across the vertical OAM
plane and the horizontal OAM plane respectively. The vertical plane figure shows a single monitored
path for each administrative domain; the horizontal plane figure shows two monitored paths for the
same administrative domain.
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Vertical plane cross-section
MIP1 MIP2 MIP3 MIP4 MIP5 MIP6 MIP7 MIP8
MIP9
MIP10
MIP11
MIP12
MEP1
MEP2
MEP3
MEP4
BridgePortMIPMEP
Horizontal plane cross-section
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Ethernet OAM provides the following tools:
Ethernet OAM will be supported on MSS-1c in future release.
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4.7 Ethernet Ring Protection (ITU-T G.8032v2)
ERP allows a simple, Carrier Grade and reliable packet protection in ring topologies. It is applicable to
Full Microwave Rings only.
ITU-T G.8032v2 ERP filled the gap in Carrier grade Ring protection schema. (x)STP in fact has been
developed for LAN environments and it is not employed anymore in new network deployments for
its lack of determinism (depending on the position of root bridge) and scalability (BPDU needs to be
processed in each node, MSTP is complex to operate, Per-VLAN STP is not standardized and scalable)
in Carrier networks.
With reference to the following network scenario:
the following specifications apply:
The ring is implemented by east and west facing radio directions
Traffic can follow on both ring directions: Clockwise direction & Counter-clockwise direction
Protection is triggered by physical criteria (no protocol intervention)
Protection is based on R-APS messages sent on both sides of the ring by the nodes detecting
the failure. Traffic is redirected by each node of the ring locally, ensuring parallel processing
to speed up protection time.
G.8032v2 algorithm operates on VLAN, regardless the type of traffic transported: TDM
(TDM2TDM and TDM2ETH) and Eth (Multiple CoS and services) traffic types can be protected
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Traffic flows (any type/priority) can be allocated on both ring directions to exploit the
maximum ring bandwidth in normal conditions for best effort traffic and to limit packet delay
when traffic enters from different points of the ring.
G.8032v2 is supported on both MSS1/MSS4/MSS8
Synchronization is managed through SSM messages (Synchronous Ethernet).
Multichannel LAG L1 configuration can be supported inside the ring, with optionally error
error free adaptive modulation configured.
9500MPR does support ITU-T G.8032v2 in mixed configuration as well, meaning that some links can
be microwave and some links can use fiber. Here below few options available, with 8032v2 ring
implemented by ALU devices.
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4.8 Other features
Port Segregation: all traffic received/transmitted from one user Ethernet port or radio
direction cannot be exchanged with specific user Ethernet ports/radio directions
Per flow policer: ingress rate limiter per VLAN, dropping the traffic exceeding a given CIR
value
Per Cos policer: ingress rate limiter per p bits value (i.e. possibility to define a thresholds
above which the traffic a given pbit value or a given set of pbits values is dropped)
Broadcast storm control: ingress rate limiter on broadcast traffic
Multicast storm control: ingress rate limiter on multicast traffic
MAC address access control list: only packet with SA inside a given list are transmitted
towards the radio
These features are not supported by MPR-e.
4.8.1 Stacked VLAN (Q-in-Q): 802.1ad The switch supports double tagging according to 802.1ad, in particular:
• adding a service VLAN on the ingress traffic
• pbits value of service VLAN is a)user configurable b)same value of customer VLAN.
The EtherTypes supported are:
EtherType 0x8100
EtherType 0x9100
EtherType 0x88A8
4.8.2 VLAN swap Every incoming frames on a given user having VLANID xxx is remarked with VLANID yyy without
changing the priority (.1p bits).
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This feature is not supported by MSS-1c and MPR-e
4.9 Ethernet QoSThe Ethernet switch provides a Quality of Service mechanism to control all streams. If by CT/NMS the
QoS is disabled all traffic inside the switch has the same priority, this means that for each switch port
there is only one queue (FIFO) therefore the first packet that arrives is the first that is transmitted.
4.9.1 Traffic priority In the switch the QoS assigns the priority for each packet according to information in:
Port-based : the same priority is assigned to each frame arriving at the given ingress port;
IEEE std 802.1p : the packet is examined for the presence of a valid 802.1P user-priority Tag. If the
tag is present the correspondent priority is assigned to the packet;
MAC based : the MAC destination address and VLAN ID are used to determine the priority for
each packet;
DiffServ : each packet is classified based on DSCP field in the IP header to determine the priority;
By CT/NMS the priority can be chosen between 802.1p or DiffServ for each Network Element.
4.9.2 IEEE 802.1P QoS configuration When 802.1p QoS mechanism is adopted the reference is the standard "IEEE 802.1D-2004 Annex G.
User priorities and traffic classes” that defines 7 traffic types and the corresponding user priority
values.
By CT/NMS is possible to configure the mapping 802.1p value to queue inside the switch (except for
MSS-1c).
When an incoming packet is not 802.1p it is assigned to the lowest priority queue.
4.9.3 DiffServ QoS configuration When DiffServ QoS mechanism is adopted the classification uses the DS field of the IP packet header.
By CT/NMS is possible to configure the mapping DS field value to queue inside the switch (except for
MSS-1c). When an incoming packet has not DiffServ valid value it is assigned to the lowest priority
queue. IPv6 TOS classification is supported as well.
4.9.4 Congestion management
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In case of traffic congestion is possible to choose between Random Early Detection (RED) or tail drop
algorithm before the congestion becomes excessive.
4.9.5 Quality of Service Quality of service of CORE card: The Quality of Service feature of the Ethernet switch provides eight
internal queues for each port to support eight different class of service (COS). For each egress port
according to the method of QoS classification configured in the switch, the packets are assigned to
specific queue.
High priority traffic is served starting from Queue 8 to 6, while the remaining five queues are shared
by all generic Ethernet flows according the default and fixed classification mechanism configured by
CT/NMS.
In MSS-1c, classification services is slightly different to stick with specific requirements of the tail.
L2 switch in MSS-1c provides 4 internal queues per port
All TDM flows are assigned to highest egress priority queue (Q4)
Ethernet flows are assigned based on 802.1p or Diffserv information.
For MPR-e , the 3 first queues are dedicated to TDM2TDM, TDM2ETH and TMN traffic. TDM2TDM
and TDM2ETH traffic management will be supported in future release.
5 next queues are dedicated to Ethernet traffic.
For MPR-e, the Ethernet queues can be configured in HQP (starting from queue#5) in strict priority
algorithm to guaranty real time transport such as VoIP
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Classification
VLAN&MAC
VLAN&MAC
VLAN&MAC
1p/Diffserv
Scheduler type
Service type
MPR QoS
HPQ
TDM
TDM2ETH
TMN
#8
#7
#6
ETHERNET
ETHERNET
ETHERNET
ETHERNET
ETHERNET
1p/Diffserv
1p/Diffserv
1p/Diffserv
1p/Diffserv #1
#5
#4
#3
#2
HPQ/DWRR
Two types of scheduler algorithms are possible:
Deficit Weighted Round Robin (DWRR); the weights determine the number of blocks (not the
number of packets) that each queue can send at each algorithm round.
Strict Priority (SP) or High Queue Preempt (HQP); guarantee that when the queue with higher
priority is not empty, it is immediately served. The primary purpose of the strict priority
scheduler is to provide lower latency service to the higher CoS classes of traffic.
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5MPT Technical description
Three different MPT options are proposed:
MPT XP (Extended Power) MPT HC (High Capacity) MPT MC (Medium Capacity)
The three variants are using a common architecture. They can work :
- in split mount : connected to MSS4/8 and MSS-1c,
- stand alone mode, called MPR-e,
- or integrated : connected to 7705 SAR or 1850 TSS to address MPLS converged networks.
The differences between the three versions are described hereafter:
1+1 Configuration
MPT-HC and XP offer the possibility to expand their capabilities thanks to a module which can
be directly plugged onto the outdoor unit. Two modules are available: XPIC module (to be used for
XPIC configuration) and RPS module (to be used for 1+1 configuration). The two mate MPTs are
consequently interconnected through a cable to allow the exchange of signals needed to perform
XPIC or RPS functionalities.
Note: RPS modules and the tight connecting cable between two mate MPT-HCs and XPs are optional.
Note: Default configuration for 1+1 HSB/SD/FD radio protection does not require RPS module and
tight cable: the signals needed for RPS are exchanged between two mate MPTs through IDU/ODU
cables and through MSS, instead of using RPS modules and tight cable. This is leading to a cost
optimized solution not only in term of cost but also in term of operations.
Connectivity
MPT MC offers electrical connectivity on a single CAT5 cable providing data and power.
In addition, MPT HC / XP offer both electrical connectivity on a single CAT5 cable providing data, power and optical connectivity
XPIC function
This function is supported on MPT HC and XP only.
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Extended power
MPT XP proposes an eXtended emission Power compared to MPT HC and MC, from 6 to 8dB
depending on modulation. This allows an improvement for system gain. It is available for low
frequencies: L6 GHz, U6 GHz,7GHz and 8GHz.
Except for emission power and for system gain, MPT XP presents the same performances as MPT HC.
In addition, the interface, and the installation material is also the same. All MPT XPs are using
external diplexers that are compatible with MPT HC or MC. MPT XP is also the best in class for power
consumption perspectives compared to the competition.
Even if the global shape is the same between MPT HC / MC and XP, there is no possible kit to
upgrade MPT HC or MC to MPT XP.
The MPT XP can be powered with an MPT Extended Power Unit (see further section on this topic).
The MPT supports capacities from 2xE1 to 160xE1 (6 to 553 Mbps) and modulation rates QPSK, 8PSK,
16QAM, 32QAM, 64 QAM, 128 QAM and 256 QAM without hardware change. All channelization
from 3.5 MHz up to 56 MHz can also be used in the same platform.
MPT is available for all licensed frequency bands from 6 to 38 GHz.
Baseband signal coming from MSS is transported to MPT through optical or electrical connectivity.
In case of electrical connectivity, a single CAT5 cable connects an MPT to the MSS, which carries
transmit and receive baseband signals, telemetry overheads, internal controls and MPT DC power.
In case of optical connectivity, two cables connect an MPT to the MSS: one cable is a 50 ohm coaxial
cable to send the -48 V power supply to the MPT; the second cable is an Ethernet optical cable that
carries transmit and receive baseband signals, telemetry overheads and internal controls.
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MPT-XP
5.1 MPT CapacitiesPlease refer to “9500MPR ETSI Technical summary” spreadsheet
5.2 MPT RF specificationsPlease refer to “9500MPR ETSI Technical summary” spreadsheet.
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MPT Radio Frequency Specifications
Specification Frequency Range (GHz) Max. Tuning Range (MHz) Tx-Rx spacings supported (MHz)
5.8 GHz 5.725 - 5.850 64
L6 GHz 5.925 - 6.425 252.04
U6 GHz 6.425 - 7.11 340
7 GHz 7.107 - 7.911 154, 160, 161, 168, 196, 245
8 GHz 7.725 - 8.496119, 126, 151.614, 208,
213.5, 266, 294.44, 305.56, 310, 311.32
10.5 GHz 10.000 – 10.684 91, 350
11 GHz 10.7 - 11.7 490, 530
13 GHz 12.75 - 13.25 266
15 GHz 14.4 - 15.35 308, 315, 322, 420, 490, 644, 728
18 GHz 17.7 - 19.7 340, 1008, 1010, 1560
23 GHz 21.2 - 23.632 1008, 1050, 1200, 1232
25 GHz 24.52 - 26.483 1008
38 GHz 37.0 - 39.46 1260Note: Max. Tuning Range is dependent upon Tx-Rx spacing.
MPT Antenna Interface
Frequency Waveguide Type Flange Type Mating Flange Type
5.8 GHz R70 (WR137) PDR70 UDR70
L6/U6 GHz R70 (WR137) PDR70 UDR70
7 GHz R84 (WR112) UBR84 PBR84
8 GHz R84 (WR112) UBR84 PBR84
10.5 GHz R120 (WR75) UBR120 PBR120
11 GHz R120 (WR75) UBR120 PBR120
13 GHz R140 (WR62) UBR140 PBR140
15 GHz R140 (WR62) UBR140 PBR140
18 GHz R220 (WR42) UBR220 PBR220
23 GHz R220 (WR42) UBR220 PBR220
26 GHz R220 (WR42) UBR220 PBR220
38 GHz R320 (WR28) UBR320 PBR320
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MPT Antenna Mount Losses
Frequency BandBalanced coupling Unbalanced Coupling
Main Coupler Secondary Coupler Main Coupler Secondary Coupler
6-15 GHz 3,5 dB 3,5 dB 1 dB 10 dB
18 GHz 3,6 dB 3,6 dB 1,6 dB 10,5 dB
23 GHz 3,6 dB 3,6 dB 1,6 dB 10,5 dB
26 GHz 3,6 dB 3,6 dB 1,6 dB 10,5 dB
38 GHz 3,8 dB 3,8 dB 1,8 dB 11 dB
MPT Antenna Mount Losses by Configuration (6-23 GHz)
ConfigurationFrequency Band
6 - 15 GHz 18 GHz 23 GHz
1+0 0 0 0
1+1 HSB 1(10)+1(10) 1(10)+1(10) 1(10)+1(10)
1+1 FD CP 3+3 3+3 3+3
1+1 FD AP 0 0 0
1+1 SD HSB 0 0 0
1+1 SDHSB CP*
3+3 3+3 3+3
1+1 HSB* 1(10)+1(10) 1(10)+1(10) 1(10)+1(10)
1+1 SDHSB AP*
0 0 0
1+1 FD +SD Hybrid
0 0 0
1+1 FD +SD Hybrid*
0 0 0
1+1 FD CP* (3x2)+(3x2) (3x2)+(3x2) (3x2)+(3x2)
1+1 FD AP* 3+3 3+3 3+3
1+1 HSB CP* [1(10)+3]+[1(10)+3]
[1(10)+3]+[1(10)+3]
[1(10)+3]+[1(10)+3]
1+1 HSB AP* 1(10)+1(10) 1(10)+1(10) 1(10)+1(10)
Note: The above table considers losses for integrated antennas. In case of non-integrated antennas, flexible waveguide losses (table on next page) are also to be considered. *stands for double antenna.
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MPT Antenna Mount Losses by Configuration (25-38 GHz)
ConfigurationFrequency Band
25 GHz 38 GHz
1+0 0 0
1+1 HSB 1(10)+1(10) 1(10)+1(10)
1+1 FD CP 3+3 3+3
1+1 FD AP 0 0
1+1 SD HSB 0 0
1+1 SDHSB CP*
3+3 3+3
1+1 HSB* 1(10)+1(10) 1(10)+1(10)
1+1 SDHSB AP*
0 0
1+1 FD +SD Hybrid
0 0
1+1 FD +SD Hybrid*
0 0
1+1 FD CP* (3x2)+(3x2) (3x2)+(3x2)
1+1 FD AP* 3+3 3+3
1+1 HSB CP* [1(10)+3]+[1(10)+3]
[1(10)+3]+[1(10)+3]
1+1 HSB AP* 1(10)+1(10) 1(10)+1(10)
Note: The above table considers losses for integrated antennas. In case of non-integrated antennas, flexible waveguide losses (table below) are also to be considered. *stands for double antenna.
MPT Flexible Waveguide Losses
Waveguide LengthOperating Frequency (GHz)
5,85 - 8,20 7,05 - 10 8,2 - 12,4 10 - 15,0 12,4 - 18 18 - 26,5 26,5 - 40
60 cm 0,25 dB 0,3 dB 0,4 dB 0,5 dB 0,7 dB 1 dB 1,7 dB
1 m 0,3 dB 0,4 dB 0,43 dB - 0,9 dB 1,2 dB -
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MPT Frequency Bands
Please refer to “9500MPT-HC & MPT-MC Tuning Guide”
77
6Radio Configurations
The following configurations are available for each radio path.
1+0
In this configuration the radio chain consists of:
One Radio Outdoor Unit (MPT) One Antenna One MPT Access Card
1+1
In this configuration the radio chain consists of:
Two Radio Outdoor Units ( MPT) One or two antennas One or two MPT Access Cards
Following options are available for protected configuration: Hot Stand-by (with or w/o coupler) Frequency Diversity Polarization Diversity
1+1 Hot Standby
This method offers protection against HW failures providing two independent TX/RX chains. In (1+1)HSby one transmitter is working, while the other one is in stand-by; both receivers are active and the best ODU source is selected.
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(1+0)
ODU 300/MPT
Modem/AWY/ MPT Access Card
In case of 1+1 Hot Stand-by on single antenna, both Radio Units are connected to a coupler, balanced or un-balanced.
Alternatively, in case of 1+1 Hot Stand-by Space Diversity, each Radio Unit is connected to an individual antenna.
.
1+1 Frequency Diversity/Polarisation DIversity
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(1+1)Hsby On two Antennas
Main
Hsby
Modem/MPT Access Card
(1+1)Hsby On Single Antenna
Main
Hsby
Modem/MPT Access Card
This method offers protection against selective and temporary link quality degradation.
In (1+1) Frequency Diversity, both radio paths are active in parallel using different frequencies; this
method, based on memory buffer that guarantees the bit to bit alignment, can offer error free
protection against fading (via a hitless switch) up to 100dB/sec.
Both two antennas and single antenna (dual polarized) mounting arrangements are available.
(However, with FD, the usual arrangement is one antenna SP.)
(1+1) Polarization Diversity adopts the same concepts of FD, but in this case the same RF signal is
transmitted on two different polarizations (H/V) by means of a single double polarized antenna.
Adjacent Channel Alternate Polarised (ACAP), Adjacent Channel Co Polarised (ACCP) and Co-Channel
Dual Polarisation (CCDP) operations are supported
6.16.1
Antenna Mount
Direct-Mounted Radio Unit
The Radio Unit is attached to its antenna by a direct-mount collar, which includes a built-in rotator
for selection of vertical or horizontal polarization.
A full range of direct-mount antennas is offered with diameters from 0.3m to 1.8m. As an aid to
antenna alignment, the ODU includes receive signal level (RSL) access
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(1+1) Frequency/Polarisation Diversity On two Antennas
Main
Hsby
Modem/MPT Access Card
F1/H1
F2/H2
For single antenna protected, frequency diversity and 2+0 operation, a direct-mount antenna coupler
for two ODU is available.
Remote-Mounted ODU
Radio Unit can be installed separate from its antenna, using a remote-mount to support the ODU,
and a flexible-waveguide to connect the Radio Unit to its antenna.
A remote mount allows use of standard, single or dual polarization antennas. The mount can also be
used to remotely support a protected MPT pairing installed on a coupler. The coupler connects to the
remote mount assembly in the same way as a Radio Unit
6.2 Couplers
A coupler is used to connect two ODU to a common antenna for protected or single antenna
frequency diversity operation. Two versions are available, an equal-split 3/3dB coupler, and an
unequal-split coupler with a nominal 1dB insertion loss to/from the main ODU, and 10 dB insertion
loss to/from the standby ODU
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.
10-11-38GHz MPT Coupler
6.3 Ortho-Mode Transducers (OMT)
Using one OMT and two MPT, it is possible to have double polarization (DP) configurations with
integrated antennas. With OMT we are offering the most compact and cost effective solution for
double polarization applications.
An OMT is a kind of double polarization coupler. The frequencies can be different (in a same band) or
identical (XPIC). By means of an interface, it is attached to the back plate of the antenna’s circular
waveguide feeder. This interface allows the rotation of the feeder for proper alignment of two facing
DP antennas.
There are two OMT shapes depending on the frequency band, identical to couplers:
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Insertion loss from antenna to ODU is 0,5 dB, return loss 18 dB, Cross-polar discrimination (XPD) 30 dB, Inter-port Isolation (IPI) 35 dB.
6.4 4+0 or 2x(1+1) HSB dual pol integrated coupler
Mainly for N+0 configurations, a 3+0/4+0 dual pol integrated coupler is offered.
.
It is a very compact solution, allowing the usage of integrated antennas and avoiding the usage of
not-integrated antennas with external couplers and flex twist.
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7MPT-GC Technical description
An MPT-GC link consists of two radio terminals that transmit to each other on a full duplex channel pair, providing point-to-point Ethernet and/or SONET/SDH connectivity between two locations.
The ODU is connected to indoor equipment through fiber for GbE connection. Power must be provided to ODU through a separate cable.
Each MPT-GC unit contains up to four SFP ports available for SONET/SDH and four SFP ports plus one copper RJ-45 port available for Ethernet. Any combination of ports can be used to carry traffic across the link.
The Ethernet interface traffic is bridged across the link via an embedded switch. The SONET/SDH traffic is handled separately within the radio and does not pass through the internal switch.
The SONET/SDH and Ethernet traffic are aggregated within the radio unit for transmission overthe air to the far end of the link. The portion of the radio bandwidth that is not used by enabled SONET/SDH interfaces is available for use by the Ethernet interfaces.
Depending on configuration the available Ethernet bandwidth can exceed 1000Mbps.
Frequency AgilityMPT-GC offers the flexibility to be tuned across the entire 80 GHz spectrum (71-76GHz & 81-86 GHz) in accordance with ECC REC 05/07.
Spectrum Efficiency
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MPT-GC utilizes Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) modulation. Full-rate gigabit Ethernet
transmissions (or combination of Ethernet + SDH/SONET up to 1200 Mbps) is achieved utilizing 1 GHz
of spectrum.
Automatic Transmit Power ControlA link with a higher fade margin has more tolerance against path fades but the higher output power
may interfere adversely with other users in the vicinity. The ATPC function is designed to alleviate
this by automatically increasing or decreasing the transmit power upon request from the opposite
terminal based on its receive signal quality, aggregate BER and receive signal level. In this way the
output power can be maintained at a lower level until needed
Adaptive Rate ModulationMPT-GC’s Adaptive Rate Modulation (ARM) feature provides gradual adaptive data rate and
modulation changes to the transmission that alters the modulation type and/or changes the signal
bandwidth, allowing the link to maintain high availability connections during propagation
impairments. As anomalies in the path reduce signal levels, MPT-GC shifts modulation from QPSK to
BPSK, and capacity decreases in incremental steps. The internal engine provides the necessary
prioritization of Ethernet and SONET/SDH traffic to maintain quality of service at the new data rate.
Once the anomaly subsides, MPT-GC automatically restores transmission capacity.
The following table correlates capacity, modulation, and bandwidth:
1200 Mbps / QPSK – 1000 MHz bandwidth
600 Mbps / BPSK – 1000 MHz bandwidth
240 Mbps / QPSK – 250 MHz bandwidth
120 Mbps / BPSK – 250 MHz bandwidth (only available with ARM)
Switches between rates and modulation occur in less than 50 milliseconds.
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Feature HighlightMPT-GC is a carrier-grade system, with internal Layer 2 GigE switch
Up to 5 GigE ports
Four SFPs support 1000Base-X
One CAT6 (RJ45) support 10/100/1000Base-T
8 queues QoS
802.1p, Diffserv
Jumbo Frame support up to 10,000 byte packets
Ethernet Port statistics
VLAN membership
Jumbo Frame support up to 10,000 byte packets
IP V4 and V6
AES built-in Encryption
In-band, out-of-band Management
Transmitter and receiver specificationsTransmitter Tuning Range: MPT-GC operates in the 80 GHz band utilizing both 71 – 76 GHz and 81 –
86 GHz channels per ECC/REC 05/07, and supports one and four concatenated channels.
AES EncryptionMPT-GC can be upgraded to provide 256-bit AES Encryption on the transmission path via a software
upgrade key. This AES Encryption is FIPS-197 certified.
Encryption is Built-in (No external boxes) lowering the cost and network complexity compared to
using external encryptors.
Encryption operates at Full-line rate ( GigE speed) and adds only adds 2 µSec latency.
860GHz Radio
The 60GHz radio is a layer 2 wireless ethernet bridge operating in the V-Band (60GHz). The link
consists of two radio terminals. Each radio terminal is managed individually through a Web
Management Interface or an SNMP Management Interface.
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It delivers full duplex data at a rate of up to 1000 Mbps.
Each radio terminal has a single 1000BaseT interface with PoE powering compliant with 802.3at.
Each radio terminal is implemented with a 3 port Ethernet switch. The first switch port connected to
the physical Ethernet connection to the terminal. The second switch port connected to the radio
modem and the third switch port connected to the terminals management agent.
Address learning is enabled in each of the switches to reduce the amount of unnecessary airside
traffic.
The Liberator-V320 is ideally suited for the backhauling of Small Cells in dense inner city areas
delivering up to 320 Mbps Full-Duplex Net throughput in QPSK and up to 160 Mbps Full-Duplex in
BPSK mode. Weighing just 2.5 kg and measuring a compact 182x182x68mm, the Outdoor Unit (ODU)
is easy and quick to deploy.
The Liberator-V1000 has been developed to solve bandwidth bottlenecks in Metro Cell Networks and
to be used as a last-mile fibre/leased line replacement for business customers in city environments.
The V1000 supports up to 1 Gbps Full-Duplex Net throughput. The form factor of the ODU is identical
to that of the Liberator-V320.
9Sub-6GHz Radio
The Sub-6GHz solution offers two variant: 2000 Series for PtP connection up to 250Mb aggregate
traffic and 5000 Setries for PtmP connections up to 250Mb aggregate traffic. Both variants are using
TDD transmission and OFDM modem with adaptive modulation from 4 to 64QAM.
Proprietary and unique air interface ensures link stability even under the high PERs introduced by a
combination of reflections, dynamic multipath and radio interference, that are all evidently part of
the dense urban environment when the system is working in n-los or N-LOS conditions.
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MIMO technology is available to double the air link capacity, alternatively the link performance can
be increased when needed through use of antenna diversity.
The product also implements a proprietary MAC layer which optimizes data throughput, limits
delay/jitter and packet loss and ensures robustness in challenging conditions.
The system supports variety of frequencies (2.3-2.5, 2.5-2.7, 3.3-3.8, 4.8-6.0 GHz) and worldwide
regulations (FCC/IC ETSI, WPC India, MII China).
The solution offers TDD timing synchronization between collocated radio units and between radios
located nearby. This alleviates the self interference and avoids the need for large distance between
units on a tower, resulting in excellent utilization of the tower space and greater links range as well
as higher network capacity.
PoE is used to power the ODU.
10 Power Supply
9500 MPR operates with nominal a -48 VDC power supply (positive grounded)in a voltage range of –
40.5 to –57.6V DC.
The DC power supply must be UL or IEC compliant for a -48V DC SELV output. The MSS-8 has the +Ve
pin on its DC power supply connector fastened directly to the shelf so must be used with a -48V DC
power supply which has a +Ve earth; the power supply earth conductor is the +Ve supply to the
radio. There must be no switching or disconnecting devices in this earth conductor between the DC
power supply and the point of connection to the radio.
MSS4/8 shelves are protected against polarity inversion, i.e. in case of inversion of "+" and "-" poles.
In this case, simply the equipment does not switch on and there are no damages in the equipment.
Power Distribution
The system receives the Battery input through 2 power connectors mounted on the shelf (MSS-8
shelf only) and connected directly to the Backplane. MSS-4 and MSS-1 shelf have 1 power connector.
Each board receives the Battery input (via Backplane) and provides adaptation to the customer
central power bus.
The input voltage range is from –40.5 to –57.6V DC. Nominal Voltage is –48V DC - Positive grounded.
Power Protection
Two different topics have to be considered:
1. DC/DC converter protection :
9500 MPR does adopt a distributed power supply architecture, meaning that each card has its own
DC/DC converter. Consequently no single point of failure is present and powering is fully protected.
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2. Battery protection
MSS8 has two battery inputs, meaning that it is offering the possibility to have two batteries (if
present in the station) connected to MSS equipment. In case of failure of battery A, battery B can still
feed MSS equipment.
As a summary :
MSS 4 MSS 8
DC/DC Protection YES YES
Input Battery Protection NO (one battery connector) YES (two battery connectors)
10.1MPT Power Unit
Presentation:
The MPT Power Unit provides a compact solution to power up to 4 MPT-HC even with XPIC option,
with integrated lightning arrestor and filters;
Note: dual battery inputs are available as well:
• Multichannel is supported by MPT-HC with optical connection; so data and power need two
different cables : fiber for data and DC cable for power.
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• N connectors are present on the front plate, to avoid the usage of pig-tails and allow direct
connection of DC cable.
• The MPT Power Unit is delivered with brackets for installation in a rack 19” and the total height is
1U.
Electrical characteristics :
o DC In & DC Out interfaces have the following Voltage range : -38,4V down to -57,6V.
o The Power O-Ring feature is introduced in order to feed the MPT Power Unit board
from two independent battery power lines. In order to limit the power dissipation
and the voltage drop, the O-Ring feature is implemented through two couples of
MOSFET devices driven by an O-Ring controller, instead of the more common diode
solution.
o Lightning protection is included on each ODU outputs.
o Connectors : 2 x Power In Connectors / 4 x N Connectors / 1 x RJ-45 connector
Concerning the RJ-45 : this is a Copper Ethernet connector, alarm data and
housekeeping output are mapped
Power consumption: 2W/port, 8W max
10.2MPT Extended Power Unit
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Presentation : The MPT Extended Power Unit provides a compact solution to power up to 2 MPT-XP (Extended
Power Unit) even with XPIC option.
Note: it can also be used to power MPT-HC with or without XPIC module.
• It includes a step-up converter to deliver a stabilized output voltage.
• N connectors are present on the front plate, in order to avoid the usage of pig-tails and allow direct
connection of coaxial DC cable.
• The MPT Extended Power Unit is delivered with brackets for installation in a rack 19” and the total
height is 1U.
Electrical characteristics :
o Galvanic Isolation is included between Battery Input and ODU Power Output.
o Output voltage is stabilized at -57V.
o The Input Voltage Range is : +19.2V to +57.6V, or -19.2V to -57.6V (depending on the
cables connection on Connector Input Battery).
o The Power O-RING feature is introduced in order to feed the MPT Extended Power
Unit module from two independent battery power lines.
In addition, to limit the power dissipation and the voltage drop, the O-RING
functionality is implemented through MOSFET devices controlled by a IC Driver
rather than common Diode solution. The MPT Extended Power Unit module is
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required to operate from both Positive Power supply referenced to Common (+24V)
and Negative Power Supply referenced to Common (-48V), the O-RING function is
required to be applied at both Positive and Negative Power Inputs.
o The Output Power is available by means of both N-Connectors and RJ-45
Connectors. These RJ-45 connectors can be used to establish an Ethernet data link
connection between MSS and MPT (Power feed over Ethernet solution).
o Connectors :
2 x Power In Connectors / 2 x N Connectors
2 x Dual RJ-45 Connectors / 1 x RJ-45 Connector
Power consumption of the Extended Power Unit: 17.5W/port (35W max)
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