8 kvs strojarnice
TRANSCRIPT
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KORIŠTENJE
VODNIH SNAGA
STROJARNICE
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Uvod
STROJARNICA – u širem smislu
Skup graĊevina i opreme koja se koristi za pretvaranje energije vode u elektriĉnu energiju i njenu predaju u distribucijsku mreţu
Poloţaj – dispozicija – strojarnice ovisi o cjelokupnom rješenju HE i definira se na osnovi koncepcije korištenja energije vodotoka, lokalnim uvjetima i ekonomskim karakteristikama rješenja
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Uvod
STROJARNICA – u širem smislu Skup graĊevina i opreme koja se koristi za pretvaranje
energije vode u elektriĉnu energiju i njenu predaju u distribucijsku mreţu
Dispozicija ovisi o:
Cjelokupnom rješenju postrojenja i terenskim uvjetima
Uvjetima privoda i odvoda vode
Tipu HE
Veliĉini, tipu i broju agregata
Specijalnim uvjetima
Elektrostrojarskom rješenju
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Uvod
Oprema u sklopu strojarnice
TURBINA/e - osnovni proizvodni stroj
Definira osnovne dimenzije strojarnice i njen visinski poloţaj
GENERATORi
TRANSFORMATORi
RASKLOPNO POSTROJENJE
UREĐAJI UPRAVLJANJA, ZAŠTITE I DOJAVE
POMOĆNI UREĐAJI
Vlastita potrošnja
Rashladni i drenaţni sustav
Dizalice i unutarnji transport
Opskrba komprimiranim zrakom i sl.
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Dispozicija i rješenja
Prema padu
niskotlaĉne
srednjetlaĉne
visokotlaĉne
Prema rješenju zgrade strojarnice
Konvencionalne - površinske
Podzemne
U oknu
Prema poloţaju osi turbine
s vertikalnom osi
s vodoravnom osi
s kosom osi
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NISKOTLAČNE HE
Pad do 30m
Pribranska ili derivacijska
Zgrada strojarnice dio brane ili se nalazi na derivaciji, te se konstruira i izvodi kao i brana
U pravilu površinske
Prema poloţaju osi turbine
s vertikalnom osi
s vodoravnom osi
Obzirom na pad koriste se cijevne i Kaplan turbine
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NISKOTLAČNE HE
NADVODNI DIO
VODNI DIO
1-ulazna graĊevina 2-neposredni dovod u stator 3-turbina 4-difuzor 5-pomoćni ureĊaji
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NISKOTLAČNE HE – nadvodni dio
strojarnice
STROJARNICA u uţem smislu Generatori
Ev. turbine (s horizontalnom osovinom)
Regulatori turbina
Agregati za uzbuĊenje glavnih generatora
Pomoćni ureĊaji
Pokretna dizalica
MONTAŢNI PROSTOR
TRANSFORMATORI
RASKLOPNO POSTROJENJE
KOMANDNI PROSTOR
POMOĆNE PROSTORIJE
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NISKOTLAČNE HE – strojarnica
Ovisno o poloţaju osi turbine
Vertikalna os – najĉešće – prednosti
Niski poloţaj turbine
Povoljan privod vode
Visok poloţaj generatora
Uţi mašinski prostor
Horizontalna os
U situaciji mogući poloţaji
Okomito na os zgrade
Paralelno s osi zgrade
Koso na os zgrade
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NISKOTLAČNE HE - dispozicija
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NISKOTLAČNE HE - HE Dubrava
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NISKOTLAČNE HE - HE Dubrava
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NISKOTLAČNE HE - HE Varaţdin
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HE Ozalj Kaplan t.-2x1,3MW Protoĉna,
pribranska HE
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HE Ozalj
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NISKOTLAČNE HE s agregatima u
riječnim stupovima
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NISKOTLAČNE HE - preljevne HE
Strojarnica je ugraĊena u tijelo brane
Turbine
Cijevne
Kaplan ili propeler na horizontalnoj ili vertikalnoj osi
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SREDNJETLAČNE HE - pribranske HE
Brana i strojarnica u statiĉkom smislu nezavisni – dilatacijska spojnica
Transformatori i prijenosni ureĊaji najĉešće izmeĊu brane i strojarnice
Zbog kratkog dovoda nije neophodan predturbinski zatvaraĉ
Slapište brane se od izlaznog dijela iz turbine razdvaja zidom koji spreĉava sekundarna strujanja i nepovoljan utjecaj na rad turbine
Ovisno o padu ugraĊuju se Kaplan, Francis ili dijagonalne turbine
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HE Đale pribranska HE Kaplan t. 2x20,4MW
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SREDNJETLAČNE i VISOKOTLAČNE HE
Strojarnica je potpuno zasebna graĊevina koja je s ostalim graĊevinama HE povezana dovodom (najĉešće tlaĉni cjevovod)
Turbina – najĉešće: Francis ili Pelton s vertikalnom ili horizontalnom osi
U pravilu opremljena predturbinskim zatvaraĉem
Dispozicija – NADZEMNE ILI PODZEMNE
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HE Peruća pribranska HE Francis t. 2x21,3MW
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HE Peruća
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HE Golubić visokotlaĉna, derivacijska HE Francis t. 2x3,75MW
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HE Golubić
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HE Golubić
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HE Miljacka visokotlaĉna, derivacijska HE Francis t. 3x6,7MW i 1x4,0MW
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HE Miljacka
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HE Orlovac
visokotlaĉna, derivacijska HE Francis t. 3x79MW
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HE Orlovac
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HE Orlovac
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HE Orlovac
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HE Kraljevac
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HE Kraljevac
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HE Kraljevac
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HE Zeleni vir Francis spiralna t.-2x0,9MW
Visokotlaĉna derivacijska HE
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HE Zeleni vir
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HE Zeleni vir
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HE Zeleni vir
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PODZEMNE
STROJARNICE
Švedski tip TLAĈNI DOVOD JE KRATAK
BEZ GORNJE VODNE KOMORE
ODVOD DUGAĈAK
Stijene male vodopropusnosti i izuzetno dobre geotehniĉke karakteristike
Švicarski- alpski ili dinarski tip TLAĈNI DOVOD JE DUGAĈAK
VODNA KOMORA NA KRAJU DOVODA
ODVOD KRATAK
Vapnenaĉke stijene, masivi veće vodopropusnosti
Talijanski tip
Norveški tip
Geološki i hidrogeološki uvjeti Vrsta i struktura stijene
Pad i pruţanje slojeva
Stanje podzemnih voda
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PODZEMNE
STROJARNICE u RH
HE Vinodol
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PODZEMNE
STROJARNICE u RH
HE Vinodol
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PODZEMNE
STROJARNICE
u RH – HE RIJEKA
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PODZEMNE
STROJARNICE
u RH – HE RIJEKA
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PODZEMNE
STROJARNICE
u RH – HE SENJ
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PODZEMNE
STROJARNICE
u RH – HE SENJ
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REVERZIBILNE HE – HE FUŢINE
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REVERZIBILNE HE – HE FUŢINE
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REVERZIBILNE HE – HE FUŢINE
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