7th grade iv

7/27/2019 7th Grade IV

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ENGLISHPrepositions

Prepositions are short words (on, in, to) that usually stand in front of nouns (sometimes also in front

of gerund verbs).

Even advanced learners of English find prepositions difficult, as a 1:1 translation is usually not

possible. One preposition in your native language might have several translations depending on the

situation.

There are hardly any rules as to when to use which preposition. The only way to learn prepositions is

looking them up in adictionary, reading a lot in English (literature) and learning useful phrases off by

heart (study tips).
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Reported Speech

Definition

Reported speech is often also called indirect speech. When we use reported speech, we are

usually talking about the past (because obviously the person who spoke originally spoke in

the past). The verbs therefore usually have to be in the past too. For example:

"I'm going to the cinema".He said he was going to the cinema.

Basic tense chart

The tenses generally move backwards in this way (the tense on the left changes to the tenseon the right):

present simpleI'm a teacher.

past simpleHe said he was a teacher

present continuousI'm having lunch with my parents.

past continuous.He said he was having lunch with his

parents.

present perfect simpleI've been to France three times.

past perfect simpleHe said he had been to France three

times.

present perfect continuous

I've been working very hard.

past perfect continuous

He said he had been working very

hard.past simple

I bought a new car.

past perfect

He said he had bought a new car.

past continuousIt was raining earlier.

past perfect continuousHe said it had been raining earlier.

past perfect

The play had started when I arrived.

past perfect

NO CHANGE POSSIBLE

past perfect continuousI'd already been living in London for

five years.

past perfect continuous

NO CHANGE POSSIBLE

Examples:

I went to the theatre last night.He said he had gone to the theatre the night before.

I'm having a party next weekend.He said he was having a party the next weekend.

I'm staying here until next week.

He said he was staying there until the following week.

I came over from London 3 years ago.

He said he had come over from London 3 years before.


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SCIENCETheories about the creation of the Earth

Origin of Our Planet

There are different beliefs and theories about how the earth was formed and no one theory could tell

exactly how the earth came to be. Scientists believe that the earth was formed more than 4 billionyears ago. They found this out by studying the radioactive elements contained in rocks.

Here are some theories and beliefs on how the world was formed:

1. Mythical Origin

There are myths and folktales that tell about the origin of the earth. Some believe that the earth was

made by God. The Chinese believe that the earth was created by Pan Ku, a supernatural being. A

Japanese myth tells that the earth was a creation of two deities Izanami and Izanagi. In 600 B.C.,

Thales thought that the life was made possible on earth because of water.

According to him, the earth is like a big basin floating in water. Another important man named

Anaximander suggested that the earth began from a ball of fire that covered a cold mass. When

the ball of fire burst into pieces, the pieces became the bodies in space while the cold mass

became the world. There are different versions of how the world originated which are based mainly

on the types of people and their beliefs.

2. Scientific Theories

Although there are so many beliefs on how the world formed, scientists have better explanations on

how the world originated. The theories are based on long time studies, researches and observations

made by the knowledgeable scientists. Scientific explanations are based on facts that are well

researched by scientists.

Big Bang Theory

The Big Bang theory states that the world came from a cosmic egg that is extremely hot. The cosmic

egg burst and the pieces that were torn formed into planets and other heavenly bodies.

These theories are all very helpful in explaining how the world came to be.

Rotation and Revolution of the Earth

The Revolution of The Earth Around Our Sun

Throughout the year, as our small blue planetorbits the Sun, many parts of the Earth experience

changing seasons.

The warm Spring brings new flowers and young

animals. This is followed by a hot Summer filled

with vacations, hikes, and outdoor swimming.

Following Summer is another warm season known

as Autumn, where leaves turn beautiful shades of

reds and browns before falling from their trees.

Finally, after all of these warmer seasons, comes

one that is cold, wet, and dry, known as Winter.

Rotation of the Earth:


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The Earth orbits around the Sun. It takes one year to go around the Sun one complete time. The Earth

also rotates, or spins, on its axis.

It takes one day to spin around itself one complete time.

The Earth's axis is not straight up and down, but

tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees.

The rotation is what causes the change from

day to night. This tilt is responsible for having

seasons. If the Earth were not tilted, we would

have the same season all year long.

Revolution of the Earth:

The movement of the Earth around the Sun in a

fixed orbit is called as revolving. One full orbit

around the sun is one revolution.

The Earth takes 365 days or 1 year to complete one revolution.

The Earth revolves around the Sun because of gravity. The Earth really rotates 365 times during

each revolution. The calendar always has 365 days, after every 4 years, the earth has made one

extra rotation.

However, one extra day is added to the month of February once in every four years forming a leap

year with 366 days.

SOCIALEngland

E ngland is acountrythat ispart oftheUnited Kingdom.

It shares land borders with:

North:Scotland,

West:Wales,

North-West: theIrish Sea,

South-West: theCeltic Sea

East:North Sea,

South:English Channel(separating it fromcontinental Europe).

England became a unified state in AD 927, and since theAge of Discovery, which began during the

15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world.

The Industrial Revolutionbegan in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first

industrializednation. England'sRoyal Societylaid the foundations of modern experimental science.

England National Day: April 23rd

London, England's capital, is the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest

urban zone in theEuropean Unionby most measures.
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David Robert Joseph BeckhamDavid Robert Joseph Beckham,OBE(born 2 May 1975) is a former Englishfootballer.

He has played forManchester United, Preston North End,Real Madrid,Milan,Los Angeles

Galaxy,French Ligue 1clubParis Saint-Germain, and theEngland national teamfor which he holds

the appearance record for anoutfield player, and also the first English player to win league titles in

four countries.

He announced his intention to retire at the end of the201213 Ligue 1season on 16 May 2013.

Beckham's professional career began with Manchester United, making his first-team debut in 1992

aged 17.

With United, Beckham won thePremier Leaguetitle six times, theFA Cuptwice, and theUEFA

Champions Leaguein 1999.

He then played four seasons with Real Madrid, winning theLa Ligachampionship in his final season

with the club.

In July 2007 Beckham signed a five-year contract withMajor League Soccerclub Los Angeles

Galaxy.

While a Galaxy player, he spent two loan spells in Italy with AC Milan in 2009 and 2010.

In international football, Beckham made his England debut on 1 September 1996, at the age of 21.

He wascaptainfor six years during which he played 58 times. He has 115 career appearances to

date.
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David Beckman

Beckham has twice been runner-up forFIFA

World Player of the Yearand in 2004 was the

world's highest-paid footballer when taking

into account salary and advertising deals.

Beckham was the first British footballer to

play 100Champions Leaguematches.

When joining the MLS in 2007 he was given

the highest player salary in the league's

history of US$6.5m per year.

He is married toVictoria Beckhamand they

have four children. In 2009, the couple's joint

wealth was estimated at 125 million

MATHBar Graph

Abar graph uses bars to show data. The bars can be vertical

(up and down), or horizontal (across).

The data can be in words or numbers. Also known as bar chart

is achartwithrectangularbars withlengthsproportional to the

values that they represent. The bars can be horizontallyoriented or vertically oriented (also called column chart).

It is a really good way to show relative sizes: it is easy to see which types of movie are most liked, and

which are least liked, at a glance.

You can use bar graphs to show the relative sizes of many things, such as what type of car people have,

how many customers a shop has on different days and so on.
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7th grade iv

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