7.1 types of information system 7.2 system development life cycle

Chapter 7Information System

7.0 INFORMATION SYSTEM

7.1 Types Of Information System7.2 System Development Life

Cycle

At the end of this topic, student should be able to:

1. Define Information System

2. Identify several types of Information System

3. Describe the purposes of each Information

System

Learning Outcomes

LEARNING OUTCOMES

7.1 Types of Information System

Is a

that work together to produce quality

information.

Is a set of interrelated elements or components that collect (input), manipulate (process), store disseminate (output) data and information and provide corrective reaction (feedback mechanism) to meet an objective.(Stair & Reynolds, 2012)

(Shelly & Vermaat, 2012)

Definition Information System


The Component Of Information System


1. HardwareHardware refers to the that the

database system runs on. Example mainframe, minicomputer, microcomputer, network, input/output peripherals etc.

2. SoftwareSoftware refers to a used by a

computer in a database system. This includes the DBMS, the operating system of a computer and network, application and utility program.

Component of Information System


3. Data

Data comprises of. This includes operational data and metadata.

4. Procedures

Procedures refer to the that govern the design and use of a database system.

Component of Information System


5. People

People encompasses . This includes the business analysts, database designer, data administrators, DBA, application programmers and end-users.

Component of Information SystemComponent of Information System


4 Levels of Information System

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

Management Information System (MIS)

Decision Support System (DSS)

Executive Support System (ESS)


Graphical representation of information system in a triangle


Is an information System that captures and processes data day-to-day

An operational system that record and process data resulting from business transactions.

Examples of transactions are deposits, payments, orders and reservations

Two basic way of process transaction

1.

2.




Figure 14-14 With batchprocessing, all airline reservations are processed together at the end of the day. With OLTP, reservations are processedimmediately.

(Shelly & Vermaat, 2012)- page 733


1. Batch processing

• Transactions data are

and processed

periodically.

• The computer collect data over time and process all transactions later, as a group.



2. Online Transaction Processing(OLP) / Real-Time Processing

• The computer processes each transaction as it is entered.

• Data are

occurs.



Purpose TPS


The intent of these system is to process transactions faster reduce clerical costs improve customer service



Is an information system that

Produce meaningful information for manager or produce report.

Produce meaningful information for managers

Three basic types of reports

1.

2.

3.

• Assist lower management in problem solving and making decision.

Purpose MIS



Helps users

DSS give direct computer support to managers during the decision-making process.

Example :

A production manager may use a DSS to decide how much product to manufacture based on the expected sales associated with a future promotion and the location.



Purpose DSS



Help users retrieve data and analyze the result

Allow managers to create a model of the factors affecting a decision

Reports are in the form of charts or diagram



A special type of Decision Support System (DSS) that serve the strategic level of the organisation

Supports the strategic information needs of executive management.

Gathers and presents information to Senior management in the form of graphics and reports used to assist in decision making.

Purpose



Manager use an ESS to analyze a company's financial trends


Example


ESS

Is an information system that enables employees to perform tasks using computers and other electronic devices.

The system help employee to collects, process, store and transmit electronic message, document and other form of communication among individual, work group and organizations.

Office Automation System (OAS)


A school posted its class schedules on the internet. When the school updates the schedule, students receive an email notification.


Example


Increase employee productivity

Assists with communication among employee


Purpose


Types of IS Characteristics


Provides raw data used in Processing in EIS, MIS and DSS The lowest level of information

system Used by businesses to record

“transaction” information Transactions include things like

booking airline tickets, purchasing goods or services




A step up from TPS This type of systems is used for routine

reporting Reports are used to monitor and control

normal business activities Provides input to be used in the

managerial decision process. Generate report in various time – basis

(weekly, monthly, and/or yearly) Data is provided from internal company

sources only.




Provides information to managers who must make judgments about particular situations. Supports decision-makers in situations that

are not well structured




Used for strategic business planning Relatively long time-frame considered Unstructured and open-ended (many

variables can be considered) For accurate results EIS require

information from inside and outside the business

Its major activity is information scanning and evaluation, it deals mainly with the intelligence phase of decision-making.


1. Explain the components of information system

2. What is TPS and who is the users of TPS?

3. What is the main difference between TPS and

MIS?

4. Differentiate MIS from DSS.

5. Who are the users of OAS?

6. What is ESS and who are the main users of ESS?

EXERCISE


References Shelly, G. B., & Vermaat, M. E. (2012). Discovering

Computer 2012 Complete. Boston: Course Technology Cengage Learning

Haag, S., Cummings, M., & Dawkins, J. (2000). Management Information Systems for the Information Age (2nd Edition). Boston: McGraw Hill.

Rainer R.K. (2012). Introduction to Information Technology (4th Edition). New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons Inc.

7.1 types of information system 7.2 system development life cycle

Documents

definition information

database system

operational system

quality information

data data

process data

customer service slide

operational data