7 ways that looming budget cuts to public lands and oceans will affect all americans

7/30/2019 7 Ways that Looming Budget Cuts to Public Lands and Oceans Will Affect All Americans

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1 Center or American Progress | 7 Ways that Looming Budget Cuts to Public Lands and Oceans Will Aect All Americans

7 Ways that Looming Budget Cuts to Public

Lands and Oceans Will Affect All AmericansJessica Goad, Michael Conathan, and Christy Goldfuss December 2012

On January 2, 2013 a se o large, across-he-board spending cus o nearly all ederal

agencies is se o ake place in accordance wih he Budge Conrol Ac 2011.1 Tese

massive slashesknown as he scal showdown or sequesraionare a direc

resul o conservaives in Congress holding he American economy hosage in order o

saeguard ax breaks or he wealhies Americans. While much has been writen andsaid abou wha his would do o he economy, healh care, naional securiy, and oher

major domesic programs, one relaively unexplored issue is he eec i would have on

some o Americas mos reasured asses: our oceans and public lands.

Te scal showdown is he laes in a series o budge conics ha have come o a head

over he las year. Because he Join Selec Commitee on Deci Reducionhe super

commiteewas unable o come o an agreemen on how o address he deci, mas-

sive, auomaic cus o ederal programs will ake place unless Congress agrees by years

end on an alernaive se o budgeary measures o replace sequesraion. I hey ail o

do so, ederal spending will be auomaically slashed by $1.2 rillion rom 2013 hrough2021,2 wih approximaely $109 billion in cus coming in scal year 2013.3

Despie he ac ha Speaker o he House John Boehner (R-OH) oered a plan wih

$800 billion in new revenue,4 he has no oulined any specic or realisic pah o ge

here and wans o lower ax raesa plan ha heads in he wrong direcion. As a resul,

he counry is now in a precarious siuaion. Only an elevenh-hour deal will preven

cus ha ormer Secreary o Deense Rober Gaeswho served under boh Presiden

George W. Bush and Presiden Barack Obamahas said would have a caasrophic

eec on naional securiy.5 Sequesraions impacs could be equally calamious or he

managemen o ederal programs ha saeguard American lives, uel our economy, and

provide reasured sies or res and recreaion.

Congressional Republicans are beginning o wake up o he realiy ha our nancial

woes canno be solved simply by slashing spendingaddiional sources o revenue

mus be par o he equaion. Several conservaives have recenly broken ranks rom

GOP axaion ask-maser, lobbyis Grover Norquis, who is mos known or he pledge

Sequestration will have a big

negativeimpact on land and

management agencies. Heres h

aect all Americans:

1. Less accurate weather ore

2. Slower energy developme

3. Fewer wildland frefghter

4. Closures o national parks

5. Fewer places to hunt

6. Less fsh on your table

7. Diminished maritime saet

and security


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he convinced many in Congress o sign promising o rejec any ax increases.6 Sen. Bob

Corker (R-N) recenly suggesed ha he is no obligaed o honor he pledge he

made wih Norquis o oppose ax increases.7

Tis is good news or he American people who enjoy governmen serviceseveryhing

rom a srong miliary o he inersae highway sysem o public educaionbecause i

means ha an hones conversaion abou addressing he deci ha includes boh new rev-enues and cus can move orward. Bu unless more conservaives join his rend, sequesra-

ion will be ineviable, in which case we are going o have o sar making do wihou some

o hese vial services we now consider undamenal o our daily lives.

In his issue brie, we examine seven key areas where ederal land and ocean manage-

men agencies, such as he Deparmen o he Inerior and he Naional Oceanic and

Amospheric Adminisraion, make criical invesmens on which Americans have come

o depend and wha cuting hese agencies migh mean, including:

Less accurae weaher orecass Slower energy developmen Fewer wildland reghers Closures o naional parks Fewer places o hun Less sh on our ables Diminished mariime saey and securiy

Overall, he Oce o Managemen and Budge prediced in a recen repor8 ha seques-

raion will cu $2.603 billion in scal year 2013 alone rom he agencies ha manage

he hundreds o millions o acres o lands and oceans ha belong o U.S. axpayers.9

Tere is no doub Americans will eel he impacs o such massive cus. In paricular, we

will see reducions in many services provided by land and ocean managemen agencies

such as weaher saellies, reghers, American-made energy, and huning and shing

opporuniies. Addiionallyand perhaps mos obviouslyhe cus will likely cause

some level o closure, i no complee closure, a many o our parks, seashores, and

oher cherished places. Losing unding or hese criical services and inrasrucure also

reduces heir remendous value as job creaors and economic drivers.

Americans depend on our public lands and ocean managemen agencies in hree

crucial areas:

Providing saey and securiy (weaher orecasing, park rangers, reghers, he Coas

Guard, ec.)


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Enhancing economic conribuions (he Deparmen o he Inerior leveraged $385

billion in economic aciviy such as oil and gas, mining, imber, grazing , and recre-

aion in 201110)

Preserving Americas shared hisory, heriage, and recreaion opporuniies (naional

parks, oress, seashores, and hisoric landmarks)

Voers recognize he value o hese services and by nearly a 3-o-1 margin oppose

reducing conservaion unds o balance he budge. A poll conduced by he Naure

Conservancy deermined ha 74 percen o voers say ha, even wih ederal budge

problems, unding or conservaion should no be cu.11 And in he 2012 elecion,

voers across 21 saes approved ballo measures raising $767 million or new parks and

conservaion iniiaives.12 As hese saisics clearly show, many ciizens are willing o

pay a litle more in order o und conservaion and relaed programs.

In order o coninue providing hese necessary services o he American people, con-

gressional Republicans mus pu orward a realisic plan ha embraces boh revenueincreases and spending cus. Such an approach would mainain as much unding as

possible or hese criical and valued governmen programs. Te cos o adminiser our

lands and ocean agencies is a sound invesmen or Americans due o he economic and

socieal benes hey provide.

Atemping o balance he budge and avoid he scal showdown simply by cuting

spending wihou a plan o increase revenue means we will be less prepared or he nex

Hurricane Sandy. I means we will be unable o conrol massive wildres as quickly as

we can oday. And i means we will have ewer places o hun, sh, and relax.

Impact on public lands and oceans

Te Whie House Oce o Managemen and Budge released a repor in Sepember

deermining ha he sequesraion percenages or he non-deense uncion would be

a reducion o 8.2 percen or discreionary appropriaions and 7.6 percen or direc

spending.13 All o he cus described in his issue brie are nondeense discreionary,

excep or one accoun in he Coas Guard ha has a deense uncion and would receive

a 9.4 percen cu oaling $50 million in scal year 2013.

I is imporan o noe ha he Oce o Managemen and Budge does no provide

much speciciy abou how hese cus would be adminisered o individual programs

wihin agencies. I liss hem only in erms o high-level budge line iems where appro-

priaions are racked. For example, he analysis shows ha he Naional Park Service

operaions budge will lose $183 million, bu i does no speciy which services or which

parks will bear he brun o his reducionhose decisions are le o he agencies and


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deparmens hemselves. I is hereore dicul o guess wha sor o cus he agencies

migh makeor example, which areas migh close, which programs migh end, how

many jobs will be los, and oher deails. Neverheless, we can easily assume ha cus on

such a massive scale will have a major impac on a number o rons, and ha Americans

will eel hem wih regard o he services and values ha he agencies provide.

Less accurate weather forecasts

One o he mos imporan and eviden invesmens ha he ederal governmen makes

is in weaher predicion. Bu sequesraion could hreaen he governmens abiliy

o provide accurae weaher orecasing by cuting he budge or he agency where

weaher predicion is housed. I his happens, Americans will ge less precise daily

weaher repors and will suer hrough less accurae naural disaser predicions or hur-

ricanes, blizzards, droughs, ornadoes, and oher weaher evens rom he mundane o

he caasrophic.

Te Naional Oceanic and Amospheric Agency is he cenral agency or criical weaher

predicion resources. Is Naional Weaher Service is he naions primary source o he

daa and analysis, orming he basis o everyhing rom he orecass you receive rom

meeorologiss on he morning news o he Naional Hurricane Ceners sorm-racking

capabiliies o he long-erm projecions o global climae change.14 Even he Weaher

Channels orecass come rom his agencys daa.15

Te Unied Saes is already alling behind oher naions when i comes o orecasing

capabiliies. As accurae as he Naional Oceanic and Amospheric Agency s predicions

o he rack o Hurricane Sandy proved o be, European models prediced is landalldays beore U.S. models did.16 As a resul, when meeorologiss sough o predic he

arrival and inensiy o he large sorm ha slammed ino he New York/New Jersey area

less han a week aer Sandy, hey requenly reerenced he European models predic-

ions o lend more credibiliy o heir repors.17

Even hough our domesic weaher predicion capabiliies rail he Europeans in many

capaciies, sequesraions 8.2 percen cu would make hem even worse. One specic

example involves he ongoing eor o replace our naions aging weaher monior-

ing saellies. Te Governmen Accounabiliy Oce prediced ha even a curren

spending levels, o buy replacemen saellies, here will likely be a gap in saellie

daa lasing 17 o 53 monhshe ime i akes he old saellie o shu down and

when is replacemen can come online.18 During his ime, he accuracy o advance

warnings o impending weaher disasers such as hurricanes and blizzards could

decline by as much as 50 percen.19


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Te Naional Oceanic and Amospheric Agencys Procuremen, Acquisiion, and

Consrucion accoun would ace a $149 million reducion, according o he Oce o

Managemen and Budges projecions. Tis would almos cerainly exend he amoun o

ime he counry will have o ge by wih lower-qualiy sorm predicions and warnings,

poenially causing more damage and aaliies due o inaccurae weaher predicion.

Slower energy development

Energy developmen is an imporan and legiimae use o our lands and oceans. Boh

onshore lands and he Ouer Coninenal Shel (lands owned by he U.S. ha are

underwaer oshore) provide subsanial naural resources used or energy. In ac, 32

percen o he oil, 21 percen o he naural gas, and 43 percen o he coal produced in

he Unied Saes comes rom ederal lands and waers.20 Sequesraion, however, could

poenially hinder governmen agencies rom planning, sudying, and permiting his

energy developmen by limiing heir resources and available sa.

Public lands and oceans also oer signican opporuniies or renewable energy develop-

men. Recenly, he Deparmen o he Inerior announced ha i had approved 10,000

megawats o solar, wind, and geohermal energy on public lands, more han all previous

adminisraions combined.21 Te agency is also making progress when i comes o oshore

wind developmen. Te Cape Wind projec has received all is permis and is preparing o

begin consrucion on he counrys rs oshore wind arm, in Massachusets Nanucke

Sound.22 And aer compleing he rs phase o is Smar rom he Sar iniiaive, which

idenies areas o he Alanic coas ha will be oered o developers,23 he agency issued

is rs lease under he program in Ocober.24

Bu all o his progress could be drasically slowed under sequesraion. Land and ocean

managemen agencies ace cus o he programs ha allow hem o plan or, sudy, permi,

and help build ossil uel and renewable energy projecs on an ecien imeline. Tis

means projecs will ake longer o ge approved and se up, delaying he process o energy

developmen and in some cases poenially sopping i compleely. Te salling o energy

developmen rom our own public lands and oceans will also mean a greaer reliance on

oreign energy sourcesan oucome weve been rying o ge away rom or years.

Specically, he Deparmen o he Ineriors Bureau o Land Managemen aces an $85

million cu o is Managemen o Lands and Resources accoun in scal year 2013 alone.

Par o his accoun is devoed o energy and minerals managemen, including permi

processing and environmenal analyses o energy projecs. Te Deparmens Fish and

Wildlie Service also has unds ha allow i o sudy he impacs o energy developmen on

species and habias, bu he accoun ha is in par devoed o his purposeResource

Managemenwill be slashed by $105 million in 2013 under sequesraion. Tese ypes


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o cus could delay he environmenal review process, making i more dicul or renew-

able energy projecs on public lands o acually ge o he ground.

In erms o oshore energy developmen, he Bureau o Ocean Energy Managemen

will be cu by $13 million in scal year 2013 i he sequeser moves orward. Tis agency

manages exploraion, science, leasing, permiting, and developmen o oshore energy

resources, boh ossil and renewable.25 Such a large cu o his agencys budge couldslow down he recen progress made on oshore wind energy developmen on he

Ouer Coninenal Shel.

Addiionally, oshore drilling saey could be compromised by he scal showdown.

Te Oce o Managemen and Budge noes ha he agency ha oversees oshore oil

and gas rigs o ensure saey and environmenal sandardshe Bureau o Saey and

Environmenal Enorcemenis slaed o be slashed by $16 million alogeher in scal

year 2013. As his agency noed in is budge jusicaion:

Te bureau conducts thousands o inspections o OCS [Outer Continental Shel]acilities and operationscovering tens o thousands o saety and pollution preven-

tion componentsto prevent oshore accidents and spills and to ensure a sae working

environment. Te bureau strives to conduct annual inspections o all oil and gas opera-

tions on the OCS, while ocusing an increasing proportion o resources on the highest

risk operations in order to examine saety equipment designed to prevent blowouts,

fres, spills, and other major accidents.26

A $16 million cu o hese operaions could be dangerous or worker saey and well-

being, as well as ha o he ecosysems, communiies, and businesses ha rely on a

healhy ocean.

Furher reducions o he budge o he U.S. Coas Guard, which serves as he rs

responder in he even o an oil spill, could also aec is abiliy o respond o emergen-

cies and are deailed laer in his repor.

Fewer wildland firefighters

Our land managemen agencies also make criical invesmens in ghing ores and

wildland res. Tis year saw devasaing res on boh privae and public lands bu was

paricularly bad or naional oressa re in he Gila Naional Fores, or example, was

New Mexicos larges-ever re.27 And he Naional Ineragency Fire Cener has deermined

he amoun o acreage burned by wildres has been increasing in recen decades.28 Land

managemen agencies provide rs-responder resources and capaciy in erms o regh-

ers, equipmen, and criical unding or ghing hese blazes. Tey help keep American

amilies sae in imes o need, paricularly hose whose homes are close o wild places.


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TABLE 1

Potential cuts to the National Park Service in fiscal year 2013

AccountCut in FY 2013

($ millions)

Percentage cut (discretionary

or direct spending?)

Operation o the National Park System 183 8.2

Construction and Major Maintenance 13 8.2

National Recreation and Preservation 5 8.2

Land Acquisition and State Assistance 8 8.2

Historic Preservation Fund 5 7.6

Other Permanent Appropriations 1 7.6

Recreation Fee Permanent Appropriations 3 7.6

Total $218

Source: Ofce o Management and Budget

Te Operaion o he Naional Park Sysem accoun also conains much o he und-

ing or agency sain scal year 2012 nearly all o he unds o pay he Naional Park

Services employees were housed in his accoun.32

An 8.2 percenor $183 millioncu o he Operaion o he Naional Park Sysem

accoun could cripple some o he mos imporan uncions o he Naional Park

Service, which was already acing a decreasing budge and a serious mainenance back-

log. While i is dicul o know or sure wha exacly would be cu due o lack o inor-

maion rom he agency, he Naional Parks Conservaion Associaion speculaes ha

hese cus would very likely lead o he urloughingor indenie closureo naional

parks. A cu o his magniude would also likely lead o he loss o many park rangers,

paricularly during he busy visiing season.33

Te organizaion also warned ha cus o his magniude could lead o park closures andcalculaed ha an approximaely 8 percen cu would be equivalen o closing up o 200

naional park unis wih he smalles operaing budges, closing 150 parks wih low visi-

aion raes, or closing a handul o large and amous parks such as he Naional Mall and

Memorials, Yellowsone, Yosemie, and Gaeway Naional Recreaion Area.34 In addiion

o he ac ha visiors may no be able o see hese places, heir closures could also lead

o declines in revenue and even jobshe Naional Park Service simulaed $31 billion

in economic conribuions and 258,000 jobs in 2011.35

Fewer places to hunt

Americas lands and oceans also provide imporan opporuniies or recreaion, including

huning and shing. Many o he areas ha are open o hese aciviies also provide nonwild-

lie-relaed recreaion opporuniies such as hiking, camping, boaing, and o-road vehicle

use. No only are hese areas imporan places o play, hey also are imporan economic


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drivers: A recen repor rom he U.S. Fish and Wildlie Service ound ha more han 37 mil-

lion Americans huned or shed in 2011, conribuing billions o dollars o he economy. 36

A number o agencies ha oversee recreaional huning and shing ace budgeary cus. Te

Bureau o Land Managemen, or example, manages 256 million acres o public lands, much

o which is open o sporsmen. Te agencys larges budge line iem is Managemen o

Lands and Resources, which includes nearly all o is unds o manage wildlie and sheries,wilderness, and oher recreaion resources.37 And ye he Oce o Managemen and Budge

predics his accoun will see an $85 million cu in scal year 2013.

Te U.S. Fish and Wildlie Service also has an v ial role in providing huning and sh-

ing opporuniies because i unds wildlie programs and manages he naional wildlie

reuges ha serve as sh and game habias. Te Resource Managemen accoun in is

budge houses operaions such as visior services, law enorcemen, reuge mainenance,

habia conservaion, and naional sh-hachery operaions.38 Tis accoun would see a

$105 million cu in scal year 2013, according o he Oce o Managemen and Budge.

Te Norh American Welands Conservaion Fund, which provides ederal grans oresore welands or sh and wildlie, would be cu by $3 million, while he Federal Aid

in Wildlie Resoraion program (Pitman-Robinson), which provides ederal unds o

saes or wildlie managemen and resoraion, would be cu by $31 million.

Te Fores Service also aces cus ha would impair is abiliy o provide American

sporsmen wih recreaion opporuniies. Is Naional Fores Sysem accoun, which

would be cu by $129 million, unds prioriies such as ores resoraion, which provides

new places o hun and sh; planning in order o manage recreaion opporuniies;

and an enire accoun devoed o Recreaion, Heriage, and Wilderness. In addi-

ion, is Fores and Rangeland Research line iem, which has a small subaccoun orRecreaion Research and Developmen, would be cu by $24 million, and he Sae

and Privae Foresry accoun, which provides unds or open space conservaion and

new proeced areas, would be cu by $21 million.

While i is unclear exacly which programs will be cu a each o hese agencieswe

have merely prediced poenial implicaions o budge cushere is litle doub ha

cus would impac he huning and shing experience ha Americans currenly enjoy.

And cus o his magniude could poenially lead o a decline in he qualiy o wildlie

habia, ewer places ha are proeced or heir huning and shing values, less law

enorcemen, poorly mainained hiking rails, deerioraion o visior aciliies, ewer

educaion programs, unprocessed huning and access permis, and he basic disinegra-

ion o visior experiences overallall o which means less revenue.


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Less fish on your table

Americas salwaer sheries, boh commercial and recreaional, are managed by he

Naional Oceanic and Amospheric Agencys Naional Marine Fisheries Service. Despie

an onerous and cosly legal mandae o end overshing in U.S. waers and se sric science-

based annual cach limis in all sheries beginning in 2011, his services budge has already

declined by more han 10 percen rom an all-ime high o $1 billion in 2010 o $895million or scal year 2012. Te Naional Oceanic and Amospheric Agency s Operaions,

Research, and Faciliies accounwhich includes unding or day-o-day operaions o

he Naional Marine Fisheries Servicewill be cu by 8.2 percen i sequesraion occurs.

I he Oce o Managemen and Budge applies ha reducion equally across all he agen-

cys deparmens, ha would mean a urher reducion o $73 million rom he Naional

Marine Fisheries Service, on op o he 10 percen cu his year.

Tese cus could have major impacs on geting sh o our kichen ables. No mater how

he sequesraion cus end up being disribued, hey will mean he agencys sheries sci-

eniss will have ewer resources wih which o carry ou research ha inorms he sherysock assessmens on which cach limis are based.39 I scieniss know less, hey will have

o be more conservaive wih cach limis o ensure overshing does no occur. Tis means

shermen will be orced o cach less, leading direcly o ewer recreaional opporuniies,

less sh in he markeplace, and a loss o revenue o coasal businesses and communiies.

Te cus will also have impacs on jobs because shing in U.S. oceans is a massive eco-

nomic driver in coasal regions. Salwaer anglers spen $19.5 billion in 2009, according

o Naional Oceanic and Amospheric Agency esimaes, and he recreaional shing

indusry was direcly responsible or more han 300,000 jobs (hese gures do no

include coss such as hoel rooms, meals, ravel, and oher services). Tis same reporound ha commercial sheries accouned or more han 1 million jobs and more han

$116 billion in sales impacs.40

Members o he House o Represenaives Appropriaions Commitee saed in a repor

on he 2012 budge or he ederal governmens Commerce, Jusice, and Science

accoun ha, Healhy levels o invesmen in [sheries] scienic research are he key

o long-erm economic growh.41 And ye he legislaion accompanying ha repor

sill slashed more han $200 million rom he presidens recommended budge.42

Sequesraion will cu even more.

Diminished ocean safety

On Ocober 28, amid Hurricane Sandys 30-oo waves and wind guss o up o 70 miles

per hour, he all shipBounty began o ounder abou 90 miles o he Norh Carolina

coas. As he 16 crew members were orced o abandon ship, he U.S. Coas Guard wen o


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work, launching wo helicopers ino he eeh o he sorm. ragically, he ocean claimed

he lives o he ships capain and one o is crewmembers, bu jus a ew hours aer receiv-

ing he disress call, he 14 oher crewmembers were saely on shore.43 All in a days work.

Despie he Coas Guards high-prole, acion-movie-worhy heroics such as heBounty

rescue or he remarkable eors o pluck housands o sranded New Orleans residens

rom rooops during and aer Hurricane Karina, he h branch o our armed serviceslargely oils in anonymiy. Bu since he Coas Guard was shied ino he newly cre-

aed Deparmen o Homeland Securiy in he deparmenal reshufing ollowing he

9/11 atacks,44 is suie o missions has increased dramaically. In addiion o carrying

ou search-and-rescue aciviies, parolling our mariime boundaries o preven narco-

ics and il legal immigrans smuggling, enorcing sheries regulaions, and coordinaing

response o oshore polluion evens such as he BP oil spill, one o he services core

missions is now proecing our mariime border rom hreas including ha o a error-

is atack. Sequesraion will only reduce he Coas Guards capaciy o accomplish all o

hese asks eecively.

Meanwhile, he ships he Coas Guard uses o carry ou is vial missions are lierally

rusing beneah heir ee. High Endurance Cuterssuch as he 368-oo Gallatin,

which led he search or heBountys missing capain in he days aer he rescueare

on average 43 years old and heir age is showing.45 According o he Governmen

Accounabiliy Oce, he eigh Cuters in he Coas Guard ee ogeher los 528

operaional days in 2011 alone due o unscheduled mainenance issues.46 Te repor

wen on o sae ha 10 o he 12 vessels deployed o Haii in he aermah o he 2010

earhquake experienced severe ailures o pars or sysems, which diminished heir

availabiliy o deliver emergency aid and perorm medical evacuaions.47

As Shell and oher oil companies look o expand oil drilling operaions in he Arcic

Ocean, he Coas Guard currenly has jus one uncional icebreaking ship, wih no

plans o build any more.48 Tis is imporan because he Coas Guard is responsible or

overseeing drilling saey operaions, and needs inrasrucure like icebreakers in case

o a spill or oher disaser. By conras, Russia, which already operaes seven nuclear-

powered icebreakers, recenly announced plans o build 30 more ships by 2030and

hree more by 2015.49

Te sequesraion process will have signican negaive ramicaions or boh

he Coas Guards eor o build new ships o replace heir aging ee and or he

services day-o-day operaions. Te deal would slash nearly hal a billion dollars

rom he Coas Guard budge, which Republicans and Democras alike agree is

already oo hin.50 Te reducions will include $247 million rom he Operaing

Expenses accoun, and $115 million rom he Acquisiion, Consrucion, and


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Improvemenshe ormer accoun pays or Coas Guard personnel and missions,

and he later or he consrucion o new ships and aircra. Tese cus will resul in

decreased homeland securiy and mariime saey or al l Americans.

Conclusion

I is clear ha he looming budge sequeser will have major impacs on our lands and

oceans and he varied purposes hey serve or all Americans. Te criical services pro-

vided by he land and ocean managemen agencies require unding, bu heir benes

are widespread. We need a balanced approach o our counrys budge crisis, and i is

imperaive ha new revenues be a par o he soluion.

We urge members o Congress o look a new sources o revenue. Cus o nondeense

discreionary spending should no come wihou he closure o ax loopholes or

he wealhies Americans and geting rid o subsidies o some o our mos proable

companies, such as ExxonMobil and Royal Duch Shell. No longer can congressionalRepublicans ry o ake axes o he ablea workable soluion can only include a air

and avorable combinaion o boh ax revenue and spending cus.

Jessica Goad is the Manager o Research and Outreach or the Center or American Progresss

Public Lands Project. Michael Conathan is the Director o Ocean Policy at the Center. Christy

Golduss is the Public Lands Project Director at the Center.


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Endnotes

1 Scott Lilly, How Sequestration Would Work (Washing-ton: Center or American Progress, 2012), available athttp://www.americanprogress.org/issues/budget/re-port/2012/06/18/11751/how-sequestration-would-work/.

2 Suzy Khimm, The sequester, explained,The Washing-ton Post, September 14, 2012, available at http://www.

washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2012/09/14/the-sequester-explained/.

3 Ibid.

4 Suzy Khimm, Boehner: GOP willing to raise $800 billion intax revenue, Washington Post, December 2, 2012, availableat http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2012/12/02/boehner-gop-willing-to-raise-800-billion-in-tax-revenue/

5 Tim Mak, Robert Gates warns against catastrophic cuts,Politico, September 8, 2011, available at http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0911/62968.html.

6 What is the Taxpayer Protection Pledge? available athttp://www.atr.org/taxpayer-protection-pledge. (last ac-cessed November 2012)

7 Philip Elliott, Grover Norquist, Republicans In Congress Pub-

licly Butt Heads Over Anti-Tax Pledge, Associated Press, No-vember 27, 2012, available at http://www.hungtonpost.com/2012/11/27/grover-norquist-republicans_n_2197299.html.

8 Executive Oce o the President o the United States, OMBReport Pursuant to the Sequestration Transparency Act o2012, (2012), available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/deault/les/omb/assets/legislative_reports/stareport.pd. Unless otherwise noted, all uture reerences specicagency cuts due to sequestration are rom this report.

9 This number includes: the Department o CommercesNational Ocean and Atmospheric Administration; theDepartment o Homeland Securitys Coast Guard; theDepartment o Agricultures Forest Service; and the Depart-ment o the Interiors Oce o Inspector General, Bureau oLand Management, Bureau o Ocean Energy Management,Oce o Surace Mining Reclamation and Enorcement,Bureau o Reclamation, Central Utah Project, United StatesGeological Survey, United States Fish and Wildlie Service,

Bureau o Saety and Environmental Enorcement, NationalPark Service, Bureau o Indian Afairs and Bureau o IndianEducation, Departmental Oces, Oce o the Solicitor,Oce o the Special Trustee or American Indians, NationalIndian Gaming Commission, Department-Wide Programs,and Insular Afairs.

10 Department o the Interior, The Department O The InteriorsEconomic Contributions, (2012), available at http://www.doi.gov/americasgreatoutdoors/loader.cm?csModule=security/getle&pageid=308931

11 Lori Weigel and Dave Metz, American Voters View Conser-vation as Patriotic, and Strengthening on the Economy;Broad Support or Current Conservation Legislation, PublicOpinion Strategies and FM3, July 2, 2012, available at http://www.nature.org/about-us/june-2012-public-key-ndings.pd.

12 Trust or Public Land, Voters Give Landslide Approval

For Conservation Spending Nationwide, Press release,November 7, 2012, available at http://www.tpl.org/news/press-releases/2012-press-releases/voters-give-landslide-approval.html.

13 Executive Oce o the President o the United States, OMBReport Pursuant to the Sequestration Transparency Act o2012, (2012), available at http://www.whitehouse.gov/sites/deault/les/omb/assets/legislative_reports/stareport.pd.

14 About NOAAs National Weather Service, available at http://www.weather.gov/about.(last accessed November 2012)

15 Strengthening a key partnership, available at http://www.nws.noaa.gov/com/weatherreadynation/news/032712_partner.html. (last accessed November 2012)

16 Dan Vergano, U.S. orecasts late arrival stirs weather tem-pest, USA Today, October 30, 2012, available at http://www.usatoday.com/story/weather/2012/10/30/sandy-hurricane-

models/1668867/.

17 Wes Junker, Model backs of Nor easter snow potential orWashington, D.C. , The Washington Post, November 5, 2012,available at http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/post/model-backs-of-noreaster-snow-po-tential-or-washington-dc/2012/11/05/0e056a6-276c-11e2-9972-71b64ea091c_blog.html.

18 Government Accountability Oce, Changing Require-ments, Technical Issues, and Looming Data Gaps RequireFocused Attention, GAO-12-604, Report to the Committeeon Science, Space, and Technology, House o Representa-tives, June 2012, available at http://www.gao.gov/products/GAO-12-604.

19 Andrew Freedman, NOAA warns weather orecasts willsufer rom budget cuts, The Washington Post, March 31,2011, available at http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/post/noaa-warns-weather-orecasts-

will-sufer-rom-budget-cuts/2011/03/31/AFKsct9B_blog.html.

20 Energy Inormation Administration, Sales o Fossil FuelsProduced rom Federal and Indian Lands, FY 2003 throughFY 2011, (Department o Energy, 2012), page 6 table 1-14,available at http://energy.gov/sites/prod/les/eia-ederal-landsales.pd.

21 Jessica Goad, Interior Dept: 10,000 Megawatts O Renew-able Energy Have Been Authorized On Public Lands,ThinkProgress, October 12, 2012, available at http://think-progress.org/climate/2012/10/10/980081/interior-dept-10000-megawatts-o-renewable-energy-have-been-autho-rized-on-public-lands/.

22 Sara Brown, Cape Wind Edges Closer, Geological TestingBegins, The Vineyard Gazette, October 4, 2012, available athttp://www.mvgazette.com/news/2012/10/04/cape-wind-edges-closer-geological-testing-begins.

23 Department o the Interior, Salazar Launches Smart romthe Start Initiative to Speed Ofshore Wind Energy Develop-ment of the Atlantic Coast, Press release, November 23,2010, available at http://www.doi.gov/news/pressreleases/Salazar-Launches-Smart-rom-the-Start-Initiative-to-Speed-Ofshore-Wind-Energy-Development-of-the-Atlantic-Coast.cm.

24 Scott DiSavino, US grants ofshore wind power lease orDelaware project, Reuters, October 24, 2012, available athttp://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/24/utilities-nrg-delaware-wind-idUSL1E8LO7GO20121024.

25 Department o the Interior, Bureau o Ocean Energy Manage-ment, (2012), available at http://www.doi.gov/budget/ap-propriations/2013/highlights/upload/BH019.pd.

26 Department o the Interior, Bureau o Saety and Environ-mental Enorcement, (2012), available at http://www.doi.gov/budget/appropriations/2013/highlights/upload/

BH025.pd.

27 Gila orest re becomes largest in NM history, AssociatedPress, May 31, 2012, available at http://azstarnet.com/news/national/gila-orest-re-becomes-largest-in-nm-history/article_d7894670-a88a-5271-ad4d-0925d5b213c.html.

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43 Peter Grier, The story behind the HMS Bounty, sunk bySandy of N.C. coast, Christian Science Monitor, Octo-ber 29, 2012, available at http://www.csmonitor.com/USA/2012/1029/The-story-behind-the-HMS-Bounty-sunk-by-Sandy-of-N.C.-coast-video.

44 Missions: Ready today...Preparing or Tomorrow, avail-able at http://www.uscg.mil/top/missions/ (last accessedNovember 2012)

45 Danielle Ivory, Coast Guard Hailed or Sandy RescueThreatened by Sequester Cuts, Bloomberg Businessweek,November 5, 2012, available at http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-11-05/coast-guard-hailed-or-sandy-rescue-threatened-by-sequester-cuts.html.

46 Government Accountability Oce, COAST GUARD: LegacyVessels Declining Conditions Reinorce Need or More

Realistic Op erational Targets, Report to CongressionalRequesters, July 2012, available at http://www.gao.gov/assets/600/593163.pd.

47 Ibid.

48 Kiley Kroh, Michael Conathan, and Emma Huvos , Puttinga Freeze on Arctic Ocean Drilling (Washington: Centeror American Progress, 2012), available at http://www.ameri-canprogress.org/wp-content/uploads/issues/2012/02/pd/arcticreport.pd.

49 Navaltoday.com, Russia to Receive About 30 Icebreakersby 2030, October 19, 2012, available at http://navaltoday.com/2012/10/19/russia-to-receive-about-30-icebreakers-by-2030/.

50 Danielle Ivory, Coast Guard Hailed or Sandy RescueThreatened by Sequester Cuts, Bloomberg Businessweek,November 5, 2012, available at http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-11-05/coast-guard-hailed-or-sandy-

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7 ways that looming budget cuts to public lands and oceans will affect all americans

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