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ENGLISHModal Verbs

Modal auxiliary verbs are used to moderate the main verb, that is to enhance or restrict the verb to a certaincontext. 

Should

COULD

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MAY and MIGHT

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SCIENCESolar System Planets

We have nine planets in our Solar System. These planets circle around the sun (as I’m sure you know

already) this is called orbits.

Composition of the Earth

It may seem like the earth is made up of one big solid rock, but it's really

made up of a number of parts. Some of them constantly moving!

You can think of the earth as being made up of a number of layers, sort

of like an onion.

These layers get more and more dense the closer to the center of the

earth you get.

See the picture below to see the four main layers of the earth: the crust,

mantle, outer core, and inner core.

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Crust: 

The crust is the thin outer later of the Earth where we live. Well, it looks thin on the picture and it is thin

relative to the other layers, but don't worry, we're not going to fall through by accident anytime soon.

The crust varies from around 5km thick (in the ocean floor) to around 70km thick (on land where we

live called the continental crust). The continental crust is made up of rocks that consist primarily of

silica and alumina called the "sial".

Mantle: 

The next layer of the Earth is called the mantle. The mantle is much thicker than the crust at almost

3000km deep. It's made up of slightly different silicate rocks with more magnesium and iron.

Tectonic plates: 

The tectonic plates are a combination of the crust and the outer mantle, also called the lithosphere.

These plates move very slowly, around a couple of inches a year. Where the plates touch each other 

is called a fault. When the plates move and the boundaries bump up against each other it can

cause an earthquake. 

Outer Core: 

The Earth's outer core is made up of iron and nickel and is very hot (4400 to 5000+ degrees C). This is

so hot that the iron and nickel metals are liquid!

The inner core is very important to earth as it creates something called a magnetic field. The

magnetic field the inner core creates goes way out in to space and makes a protective barrier 

around the earth that shields us from the sun's damaging solar wind.

Inner Core: 

The Earth's inner core is made up of iron and nickel, just like the outer core, however, the inner core is

different.

Earth Magnetic Poles

Earthquakes

Earthquakes are the shaking, rolling or sudden shock of the earth’s surface. They are the Earth's

natural means of releasing stress. More than a million earthquakes rattle the world each year.

The West Coast is most at risk of having an earthquake, but earthquakes can happen in the Midwest

and along the East Coast.

Earthquakes can be felt over large areas although they usually last less than one minute. Earthquakes

cannot be predicted - although scientists are working on it!

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Climate

What is climate?

Climate is the average weather usually taken over a 30-year time period for a particular region and

time period. Climate is not the same as weather, but rather, it is the average pattern of weather for a

particular region. Weather describes the short-term state of the atmosphere.

What is weather?

The weather is just the state of the atmosphere at any time, including things such as temperature,

precipitation, air pressure and cloud cover. Daily changes in the weather are due to winds and

storms. Seasonal changes are due to the Earth revolving around the sun.

SOCIALEngland

E ngland is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. 

It shares land borders with:

North: Scotland, 

West: Wales, 

North-West: the Irish Sea, 

South-West: the Celtic Sea

East: North Sea, 

South: English Channel (separating it from continental Europe).

England became a unified state in AD 927, and since the Age of Discovery, which began during the

15th century, has had a significant cultural and legal impact on the wider world.

The  Industrial Revolution began in 18th-century England, transforming its society into the world's first

industrialized nation. England's Royal Society laid the foundations of modern experimental science.

England National Day: April 23rd

London, England's capital, is the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom and the largest

urban zone in the European Union by most measures.

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Queen Elizabeth II

Elizabeth II (Elizabeth Alexandra Mary; born 21 April 1926) is the constitutional monarch of

16 sovereign states, known as the Commonwealth realms, and their territories and dependencies,

and head of the 54-member  Commonwealth of Nations. 

She is Supreme Governor of the Church of England and, in some of her realms, carries the title

of Defender of the Faith as part of her full title.

On her accession on 6 February 1952, Elizabeth became Head of the Commonwealth and queen

regnant of seven independent Commonwealth countries: the United

Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, Pakistan and Ceylon. 

From 1956 to 1992, the number of her realms varied as territories gained independence and some

realms became republics.

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At present, in addition to the first four 

aforementioned countries, Elizabeth is Queen

of Jamaica, Barbados, the

Bahamas, Grenada, Papua New Guinea, 

the Solomon Islands, Tuvalu, Saint Lucia, Saint

Vincent and the Grenadines, Belize, Antigua and

Barbuda and Saint Kitts and Nevis. 

Her reign of 61 years is currently the second longest

for a British monarch; only Queen Victoria has

reigned longer at over 63 years.

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MATH

KIND OF GRAPHS

A diagram displaying data; in particular one showing the relationship between two or more

quantities,  measurements or  indicative numbers that may or may not have a specific

mathematical formula relating them to each other.

Graphs are pictures that help us understand amounts.

These amounts are called data. There are many kinds of

graphs, each having special parts.

Picture graph A picture graph uses pictures or symbols to show data.

One picture often stands for more than one vote so a key

is necessary to understand the symbols.