69 69p.; (82 references) ; programs)franklin d. roosevelt, only rutherford b. hayes made formal...
TRANSCRIPT
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DOCUMENT RESUME
ED 053 736 LI 002 970
AUTHOR Webb, JohnTITLE [The Presidential Libraries.]PUB DATE 69NOTE 69p.; (82 References) ; Papers prepared for the
Institute in Archival Librarianship, University ofOregon, .September 22, 1969 - August 14, 1970
EDRS PRICEDESCRIPTORS
IDENTIFIERS
ABSTRACT
EDRS Price MF-$0.65 HC-$3.29Administration, *Archives, Institutes (TrainingPrograms) , *Library Education, *Records (Forms),*Research Libraries, Seminars, *Special Libraries*Librarianship, Presidential Libraries, Universityof Oregon
There are seven Presidential libraries in variousstates of existence, from quite active to proposed: (1) Franklin D.Roosevelt Library, (2) Harry S. Truman Library, (3) Herbert HooverLibrary, (4) Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, (5) John F. KennedyMemorial Library (6) Lyndon B. Johnson Library and (7) Rutherford B.Hayes Memorial Library. Each Presidential library has as its heart"the Presidential records and papers donated or deposited by thePresident and by officials and friends associated with the Presidentwhose name the institution bears." The Franklin D. Roosevelt Libraryis the oldest, largest, most used, and seemingly best administeredand most successful of the Presidential libraries. It is the modelupon which the others have been based. An account of the developmentof the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library is given. In the few short yearsof their existence the Presidential libraries have become among themost important depositories of private papers in the country. This isdiscussed in the second paper presented here. The final paper isconcerned with the specific application of administrative matters --budget, staff, building and equipment -- to the Presidentiallibraries (Other papers from this institute are available as LI002962 - LI 002969 and LI 002971 through LI 002976). (NH)
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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION& WELFARE
OFFICE OF EDUCATIONTHIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEN REPRODUCEDEXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON ORORGANIZATION ORIGINATING IT. POINTS OFVIEW OR OPINIONS STATED 00 NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR POLICY.
[THE PRESIDENTIAL LIBRARIES]
By
John Webb
Papers prepared for the Institute in Archival Librarianship,University of Oregon, September 22, 1969 - August 14, 1970
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The Presidential Libraries
4
John WebbOctober 27, 1969Lib 507
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C
The Presidential Libraries
Until well into t twentieth century, most ex-Presidents
and their families did not take a very positive view of the
papers accumulated during their years in office, and not much
care was excercised in their storage or retention. Typically, they
became lost or dispersed. 1 The Congress, however, had begun
to recognize the importance of these records, and it had begun
to appropriate funds to purchaSe portions of the papers of
past Presidents as they became available. This, of course,
was not very systematiciand quite costly. Furthermore, even
for those papers that were saved, a long period of time elapsed
before they became open for research purposes. 2 The delay
became a roadblock to much historical scholarship. The twentieth-
century solution to this problem of retention 'of and access
to. the Presidentiii papers - a problem as old as the nation
itself - is the Presidential library:
There are at present seven Presidential libraries in
various states of existence, from quite' active to prOpoSed:
The Franklin. D. RooseVelt LibraryHyde Park, New York
The Harry S. Truman LibraryIndependence, Missouri
The Herbert Hoover LibraryWest Branch, Iowa
The.Dwight D. Eisenhower Library.Abilene, Kansas
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41M1111.11PIIMMINNIMM=IMPUroommerr
2
The John F. Kennedy. Memorial Library (proposed)Cambridge, Massachusetts
The Lyndon B. Johnson Library (proposed)Austin, Texas
The Rutherford B. Hayes Memorial LibraryFremont, Ohio
What is a Presidential library? One scholar has written
that if one were to be restricted to just one source in the
study of the history of this nation during the modern era, the
Presidential papers would be the source to choose. The Presidential
libraries, then, are among other things research and educational
institutions. In one sense, their ultimute purpose is to
serve the research .Student. Thus, for instance, during the
I . period 1961-1965, over 100 theses were. written using the material
of the Roosevelt library)
The aim of the Presidential libraries has been to retain
1
"the record in all its detail for later interpretation by the
user." H. G. Jones quotes President Franklin D. Roosevelt
as saying that hts library was-to-be "la source material col-
lection relating to a specific period of our history, (to be
housed in) a separate, modern, fireproof building... so.r Tro. I
designed that it would hold all of my collections and also
such other material relating to this Teriod ln our history as
might be donated to the 'collection in future by other members
of the present Administration.'" Dr. Drewry,- in her role as
director of the ROosevelt Library, states that. the Presidential
libraries are more than lust collectorL, that they are active
rather than passive organizations. They have their own pub-
lications programs, they hold lectures and seminars, and they
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'encourage research by providing grants for study at their
institutions, especially to young and promising students and
scholars
Each Presidential library has as its heart "the Presidential
records and papers donated or deposited by the President and
by officials and friends associated with the President whose
name the institution. bears." Thus, the Presidential libraries
are actually misnamed. They ore really Presidential archives,
and should be designated as such, Jones feels.. Each also serves
as a library and museum. The combined holdings of the Presidential
libraries in 1967 included; 72,000,000 manuscript pages; 229,000
photographs; 5,100 sound recordings; 1,300,000 feet of motion
picture film; 94,000 books; 112,000 other, printed materials;
and 52,000 museum objects.5
But the Presidential libraries are more then just research
centers. In one sense, their main purpose is to preserve the
memory of the President, and they are, therefore, important
historical sites. In this sense, they ,are as much museums as
libraries, and, Andeed, to the average American, the museum
is the .Presidential library. The museums and exhibits areas
of the Libraries are open. to the public nearly every day of the
year, and n small admissions fee is charged (fifty cents,
children. under twelve, free). The Roosevelt and.Truman. Libraries
each have been drawing 200,000-250000:visitors per year.6
The Presidential library is a "Velly specialized institution
built particularly for the .material it holds and the study
of the period it represents." The surroundings represent the
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!xn and the period during which he was a public figure. They
i'¢ (r flivor to the research materials.
All u,zo.,pl, UhJ kt.:11.3j-
the National Archives and Records Service of the General
Services Administration. Each of these federally-run libraries
is directed by an archivist. Most of the rest of the professional
staff are archivists also; This staff is especially important.
They are all specialists in their period and in the holdIngs
WOIr Or0111,5'ACION OthoIlt h610 10110Atoll proro9,i1o01
staffs, the holdings of the libraries would be absolutely
useless.8
Each of the Presidential libraries is involved in what
might be called special programs. They solicit and accept the
papers of private persons whose lives ,or careers were somehow
connected with that of. the President. These private papers
"are deposited under legal agreements on access similar to those
for the Presidential papers." They are handled with the same
care as the Presidential papers. This has induced some donors.
to depost their papers there so that,they would get the Presidential
treatment. Furthermore, each of the Presidential librarieS is
developing at least one area for specialty (and these will be
discussed throughout the paper). All are also activily involved
in oral history programs. 9
The Presidential library is.a new institution. which attempts
to solve an. old problem-the dispositi9n of the papers of the
presidency. These papers have always been, considered to be the
personal property of the President, and this has been upheld
by the courts. The Presidentsfrom Washington on- have all
6
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taken their papers with them when they left office, and the
results have not always been the bebt. The papers of some of
the Presidents have been lost or destroyed completely. Only
fragments of others remain. Of all the Presidents before
Franklin D. Roosevelt, only Rutherford B. Hayes made formal
provision for his papers. Through negligence or malice, many
valuable historical records - in many cases the only records of
Presidential actions - have been lost forever.10
As in so many other areas, a whole new concept in the
care and preservation of Presidential papers evolved during
the presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt. It was he who developed
the idea of a PreSidentiai archives in public custody with
public support and public management. And it was this idea
carried to fruition in the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library which
set the'llattern for the modern Presidential library.11
'RooSevelt was a saver. From age twenty on, he destroyed
ygrly. I'Sig pieces of correspondence or public, family, business,
or financial papers. His mother saved every letter he had
written to her, every school excercise, every report card,
every notebook, every essay and paper. By the time he entered
the White House, he had already acquired such a volume of papers
that he had begun., to consider what would become of them after
his tenure in Office. There already seemed to be too much to
take with him 'and organize in his retirement. Furthermore,/
the office of the Presidency - and consequently the amount of
paperwork - was growing considerably under Roosevelt. On top
of this Roosevelt's rapport, with the people had the effect
that the common man was now writing letters to his President.
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And finally, the Roosevelts were being almost showered with
gifts, many, of which were of great Value. The Roosevelt papers
were to become imMenset 4000 cubic feet 5,000,000 sheets of
paper stored in 500 five-drawer file cobinets. Or stated another
way, before the end of his Presidency, the volume of Roosevelt's
Presidential papers was to exceed that of all the Presidents
from Washington to Coolidge. 12
Roosevelt thus came to see that a new kind of .institution -
a combination library, archives, and museum - was needed to
handle his papers after his retirement. The National Archives
had been created early in Roosevelt's term, and Roosevelt's
esteem for and trust in We D. W. Connor, the first Archivist of
the United States - whom he had appointed - plus his own sense
of the value of the Presidential papers led him to consider
that the National Archives should be responsible for this new
kind of library. In 1930, he invited a non-partisan committee
of distinguished scholars to study the problem of what to do with
his papers and to make recommendations. The committee decided
that "the president's collections are too voluminous to be
adquately preserVed and administered as a private library
and too important as source materials for the study of recent
American history to justify their being held permanently in
private custody." The recommendation f011owed Roosevelt's
belief that the answer was a federally funded and administered
Presidential library, publically ownedi-but with ownership and
control of the papers to be retained byithe President or his
estate. Other who wished to deposit their papers would also
retain sole control over them. 13
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A private corporation was formed to raise the funds for
construction and equipment of the library wherever it chose.
(It chose the Roosevelt estate at Hyde Park). The corporation
was empowered to transfer control of the library to the United
States if Congress passed legislation enabling the government
to take-over and administer the library. The funds for the
construction and outfitting of the building were raised entirely
from private contributions.44
In mid-1939, Congress adopted a joint resolution authorizing
the United States to accept title to the land and building when
it was completed and to accept custody of the collection. The
resolution "contained therpledged faith, of the United States
to provide such funds as might be necessary for the maintenance,
operation, and administration of the library and for the care
and preservation of its historical resources 'so that the... .
Library shall be at all times properly maintained. " In its
essentials thic., was to be the pattern followed in the establishment
of the Truman, Eisenhower, Hoover, Kennedy, and Johnson libraries. 15
On July 24, 1939, title to the Roosevelt library site was
transferred to the United States; on August 11, the corporation
was authorized to proceed with the construction; groundbreaking
took place on September 14; and the cornerstone was laid on .
November 20. The dedication took place on June 30, 1941, and
Fred W. Shipman, a career archivist, was appointed as the first
director. In 1943, Harry Hopkins, Grape Tully, and Samuel I.
Alosenpa,n were appointed as a, committee to screen the White.!
House papers to determine which could be opened for research
as soon as they were transferred to the Library and which
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would have to remain closed for a while due to personal or
security reasons. Hopkins died in 1946. Tully and Rosenman
established criteria for the use of the papers, but the actual
screening was done by the library staff.16
As one might expect, the aim of the Roosevelt Library is
to be a leading research center in the country for the study
of F. D. R. himself, the Roosevelt administration, and the
New Deal. Special interests of Franklin D. Roosevelt himself
are also "specialities of the house": the history of the
United States Navy and the history of Dutchess County and the
Hudson River Valley.17 The museum rooms were opened to the'
public when the Library was dedicated, and are drawing about
a quarter of a million people every year (page 3 above)i
The research room was forMally opened May 1, 1946, but access
to the papers was severely limited.18
The 'Roosevelt Library has established a record for acces-
sibility that the other Presidential libraries find hard to
match. By the time Roosevelt's Presidential paper's were opened
to research on. March 17, 1950, eighty-five percent were open
for research. This was within five years of the President's
death and Is spectacular when one considers that it was only
a few months after the remnant of'the Lincoln papers was opened
and was several years before the papers of the two Adams were
'made available. 19
Scholars have been quick to take rd4antage of this good
fortune. Any .clualified researcher who 4as a specific subject
to investigate and who is serious about doing it may receive
permission to use the ROosevelt papers. Between 1950 and 1965,
10
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over 500 publications were issued which used the Roosevelt
Library as a major source. Scholars pay about 500 visits per
year to the Library, and the Library makes and sells ten to
fifteen thousand microfilm and photostatic copies of documents
per year. The Library staff is also involved in the publication
of lists of selected documents and bibliographies. Two volumes
of seleated documents on Roosevelt and Conservation have been
issued, and ones on foreign relations and agriculture planned. "
An idea of the magnitude and the scope of the holdings of
the Roosevelt Library is manifest in the fact that the
Roosevelt papers make up only about fifty per cent of the total-
manuscript holdings. The 'three most important other groups are
the papers of Harry. Hopkins, Henry Morgenthau, Jr., and John
G. Winant. Mrs. Roosevelt's papers are also an important
group. 2t
The Franklin D.Jloosevelt Library.is the oldest, the
largest, the most used, and seemingly the best administered
and most successful of all the Presidential libraries
administered by the National ArchiveS and Records Service.
Certainly, it has 'been the model upon which the others have
been based, and it seems to set the standard of excellence to
which the others aspire.
The Harry S. Truman Library drew heavily upon the experience
of the Roosevelt Library, and its development proceeded. much
in the same manner as the Roosevelt Lilirary. Therefore, no
account of that development will be inclizded. One of the
biggest differences'between the two is undoubtedly the fact
that President Truman survived his presidency, and became quite
11
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active in the affairs of the library. Consequently, Mr. Truman's
vivid personality has pervaded at the Truman Library.22
The holdings of the Truman Library are also quite extensive.
Included are the President's White House papers, records of
Assistants, Aides, and Counsels to the President, the records
of the White House Social Office, Mr. Truman's senatorial
and Vice-Presidential papers, and his post-Presidential papers,
the records of many Presidential commissions, and the papers
of over eighty personal and political associates. Microfilms
of forty other collections of papers are on file as ore the tapes
of the interviews with forty-six volunteers in the Oral History
program. The papers themSelves occupy over 3000 cubic feet.
Other holdings includes`- 27,000 books; 20,000 photographs;
1300 sound recordings; 22,500 feet of motion picture film;
29,000 pamphlet+nd other printed items; and 800 political
cartoons.23 The library was greatly strengthened by the
purchase of the personal library of Samuel Flagg Bemis.
The Truman Library also specializes in a subject which is. of
special interest to Mr. Truman: the development of the office
of thePreoidency: "Effort is being made to acquire for thera.Ir
library as full a collection of books as will exist anywhere on
the development of the President office and how its encumbents
have administered it.u24
As with all the Presidential libraries, the museum is an
important part of thelTruMan Library. it adds color and tone to .
the paper's the researcher is studying, and', of course, it is. the
.major attraction for the public. The entire building is air-
conditioned, and the stack aieas have special, temperature and
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humidity' controls for the protection of the papers. GSA's
Public Building Service provides custodial and maintenance
service. The library staff of about fifteen includes six
professional archivists.25
-TM: Harry S. Truman Library Institute, a non-profit organ-
ization, supports a grant-in-aid program. Grants of up to
$1000 may be awarded except for one award of $7500 .per year.
The grants are allotted to scholars to use the Library, especially
to those just beginning their careers. So far more than 70
books, articles, and dissertations have resulted from work
supported by these grants. 26
The Truman Library is in full operation, now, but the
results do not seem to match those of the Roosevelt Library.
For one thing, the Truman Library is, according to one scholar,
weak in pre-1940 material,'. Furthermore, researdh is being
hampered by restrictions much tighter than. those of its older
brother. A lesser proportion of the documents is open to
research, and that portion, which is still restricted includes
the most important sources of the Truman adMinistration - the
. foreign affairs papers. Thus, the Truman Library is not yet'
fulfilling its self-assigned role as the source for the history
of the Truman administration. 27
With the relative success of the Roosevelt and Truman
libraries, the advent of more Presidential libraries seemed
certain. The need for a more comprehensive plan. for authorization
and administration of present and fut4e Presidential libraries
became obvious. The Presidential Library Act of 1955 was the
notion chosen to meet this need. The at authorized the General
13
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12
Services Administration
"to accept for deposit... the papers and other historicalmaterials of any President of former. President of theUnited States, or of any other official or former officialof the Government, and other papers relating to and contemporarywith any President or former President of the UnitedStates, subject to restrictions agreeable to the Administrationas to their use; and ... to accept for... the UnitedStates, any land, buildings, and equipment offered as a(Lift to the United States for the purposes of creatinga Presidential archival depository, and to take title tosuch land, buildingai'And equipment on behalf of theUnited States, and to maintain, operate, and protectthem ab Presidential archival property."
The GSA was also permitted to "enter into agreements with any
state, political subdivision, foundation, or institution 'to
utilize as a Presidential archival depository land, buildings,
and equipment... to be made available... without transfer
of title to the United States, and to maintain, operate, and'
protect such depository as a part of the national archives
system."28 This act of 1955 provides .n very liberal basis
for the development of Presidential libraries (Jones criticizes
it as too liberal), and under this law all three presidents
since Truman,plus President. Hoover, have established or.had
established for them Presidential libraries, either actual or
proposed.
Two of these new Presidential libraries aro. open, but not
yet in full operation. The Dwight D. Eisenhower Library is
part of Eisenhower Center, which includes the Eisenhower Museum
and the' family home. It has a small exhibit area complementing
the Museum. Its research, facilities were opened An 1966,:but
they were still fragmentary. Like all new libraries the
Eisenhower Library is having growing pains.29
1 el
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The Herbert Hoover Library is located in Hoover Park,
which includes within its twenty-eight acres the birthplace
cottage. The exhibit areas are open, but the papers are not yet
available. When the Hoover papers are made available for
research, they will not be complete. His collection of war
and pence documents was given to Stanford University years ago.
Even though built, the Hoover Library is still in the formative
stages, 30
Th( two newest Presidential libraries have not yet been
built, but after they are finally in operation, both have the
potential to reach new heights among Presidential libraries.
Both will be connected with major universities..
The John F. Kennedy Memorial Library will be connected with
1..):44671fiedy Institute for Advanced Political Studies at Harvard
University. Both are to be built on a site on the Charles
River in Cambridge. The plans have been developed, but constrution
has been delayed because the site is still in use as a subway
train yard.31
The Lyndon B. Johnson Library will be built at Austin. It
will be adjacent to and intimately connected with the Lyndon
B. Johnson School of Public Service which will be built at the
same time. The Johnson Library could well be the biggest and
best so far.32
The Rutherford B. Hayes Memorial Library is the maverick.
It was the first Presidential library, find in many respects is
the archetype of the Presidential libraries described above,
with one important difference. It was erected by the state of
Ohio in fulfillment of the conditions under which the Hayes
15
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estate, Spiegel Grove, was deeded to the state of Ohio. It is
operated under the joint auspices of the Ohith Archaeological
and Historical Society and the Rutherford B. Hayes - Lucy Webb
Hayes Foundation and was opened on May 30, 1916. It is not
associated with the National Archives and Records Service, and
is thUs a private, not a public, institution.33
However, there 'are many similarities between the policies
and organization of the Hayes Library and those of the other
Presidential libraries. It aims to become a major resource
center in American history for the period 1865-1898. Furthermore,
it too has a special interest: to preserVe the records and history
of the Sandusky Valley and:northwestern Ohio. The Hayes Library
is coMpiling a union catalog of every imprint dated within its
period, and it purchases microfilm copies of other perttiDent
collections-i----Over 400,000 manuscript pieces are contained in
the Hayes Library. The Hayes collection has been microfilmed,
and copies of the films may be purchased.34 Thus the Hayes
Memorial Library is an active and successful Presidential library.
It stands as not'only the prototype of the modern Presidential
library but also'as an example of what might have been had other
Presidents and theirfkmilies had more foresight.
The Presidential library is a small, highly specialized
institution created to fulfill a specific need - the care and
preservation of the vital records of the Presidency. Furthermore,
they are and are intended to be primaryliesource centers for
the study of: the whole period which they cover, And they will.
become increasingly important as they gain experience and as
more of them reach full operation.' Their vigorOus acqUisitions
16
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programs and the removal of restrictions on access to material
will make them even more valuable. As small, specialized
institutions they are better able to provide competent, professional
personal service to the scholars who use them. However, they!
.frre.
have experienced, are experiencing, and will continue to experience
growing pains. The restrictions placed on materials are perhaps
necessary, but very annoying, and definitely limit the effectiveness
of the collection. 35 The rapidly growing cost of establishing new
centers may also hamper development.
The Presidential libraries are new and vigorous institutions,
and so far they have been quite successful. It seems certain that
future Presidents will continue to take advantage of this method
of preserving %the records of their administration.
17
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Footnotes
IR. D. W. Connor, "The Franklin D. Roosevelt Library,"American Archivist, 3 (April, 1940), 84,
-Herman Kahn, "The Presidential Library - A New Institution,"Special Libraries, 50 (March, 1959), 107.
3Elizabeth B. Drewry, "The Role of Presidential Libraties,"The Midwest Quarterly, 7 (October, 1965), 56, 60; H. G. Jones,The Records of a Nation: Their Management, Preservation andUse(New York: Atheneum, 1969), p, 165; Philip C. Brooks,"The Harry S. Truman Library - Plans and Reality," AmericanArchivist, 25 (January, 1962), 31.
4Drewry, "Presidential Libraries," 62; Jones, Records,
p. 145; Virginia R. Cole, "Presidential Libraries," Special,Libraries, 59 (November, 1968), 693.
Stones, Records, p.',164,
6Kahn, "Pres
Records Service,U. S. Government'RecordsService,Government PrintiRecords Service,U. S. GovernmentRecords Service,U. S. GovernmentDiscusses Preside29 (Fall, 1967),
Idential Library," 106; National Archives andThe Harry S. Truman. Library (Washington:Printing Office, 1960); National Archives andThe Herbert Hoover Library (Washington: U. S.na Office, 1963); National Archives andThe Dwight D. Eisenhower Library (Washington:Printing Office, 1964); National Archives andThe Franklin D. Roosevelt Library (Washington:Pringting Office, 1966); "U.S. Archivistntial Libraries, Papers," Texas Libraries,169.
7Drewry, "Presidential Libraries," 62.
8Cole, "Presidential Libraries," 691, 695; Drewry,
"Presidential Libraries," 64.
693.9Brooks, "Truman Library," 32; Cole,'"Presidential Libraries,"
10Kahn, "Presidential Library," 106; Philip Lagerquist,
"The Harry S. Truman Library," Library Journal, 83 (January 15,1958), 144 -5.
11Jones, Records, p. 147
12Kahn, "Presidential Libraries," 107-8; Waldo Gifford
Leland, "The Creation of the Franklin. D. Roosevelt Library!
18
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17
A,Personal Narrative," American Archivist,. 18 (January, 1955),25; Jones, Records, p. 148; Drewry, "presidential Libraries," 55.
"Johes, Records, p. 148-9; Connor, "Roosevelt Library," 88.
1/1.Jones, Records, p..150; Frances Bromiley, "The History
and Organization of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library, Hyde ParkNew York" (unpublished Master's thesis, Western Reserve University,1959), p. 14.
15Jones, Records, p4 151; National Archives, Second AnnualReport of the Archivist of the United States as to the FranklinD, Roosevelt Library, 1940-1941 (Washington: US GovernmentPrintinwOffice, 1942), pp. 10-13.
16National Archives, First Annual Report of the Archivistof the United States DS to; the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library,1939-1240 (Washington: U. S. Government Printing Office, 1941),p. 2; National Archives, Second Annual Report, Roosevelt Librau,p. 14; Bromiley, "Roosevelt Library," pp. 20-25.
17Drewry, "Presidental Libraries," 63; Natiohal Archives andRecords Service, Roosevelt Library.
18Le1and, "Roosevelt Library," 27.
19Jones, Records1 p. 154,
20Herman'Kahr4 "World War II and Its Background: Research
Materials at the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library and PoliciesConcerning Their Use," American. Archivist, 17 (April, 1954),159; Coly, ."Presidential Libraries," 692; Kahn, "PresidentialLibrary. 112_L_Drawry, "Presidential Libraries," 63.
21Kahn, " Presidential LibrarW,' 112; Kahn, "RooseveltLibrary," 158.
22Brooks,, "Truman Library," 33.
23Harry S. Truman. Library Institute Research Newsletter,No. 14 (Independence, Missouri: Harry S. Truman Library Institute,1969), pp 1-7; Philip D. Lagerquist, "Thq Harry S. Truman.Library.as a Center for Research on the American. Presidency,College and Research Libreries,.25 (January, 1964), 35-36.
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. I
13
24Brooks, "Truman Library," 32-4.
25Ibid., 30; Lagerquist, "Truman Library and AmericanPresidency," 34.
26Ibid 36; Harry S. Truman Library Institute, ResearchNewqlet.tQr, No. 14.
27Richard S. Kirkendall, "A Second Look at PresidentialLibraries," American Archivist, 29 (July, 1966), 375 6, 384-6.
28Jones, Records, p. 156.
29National Archives and Records Service, Eisenhower Library;William D. Aeschbacher, "Presidential Libraries: New Dimension inResearch Facilities," The Midwest Quarterly, 6 (January, 1965),206, 210-11.
3°Ibid 206; National Archives and Records Service,Hoover Library.
31Library Journal, 93 (August, 1968), 2789.
.32"Johnson Presidential Library Plans Announced," Texas
Libraries, 29 (Spring, 1967), 4-5; "Johnson PresidentialLibrary Will Feature Museum," Texas Libraries, 29 (Fall, 1967),172-4,
33Lagerquist, "Truman Library and American P33; Buford Roidand, "The Papers of the PresidentsArchtviSt, 13 (July, 1950), 205; letter from JameSpecial Libraries,. 60 (April, 1969), 249.
31l'Fred W.Annual. Report,125; Bromiley,
residency,"," Americans B. Rhoads,
Shipman, review of Hayes Memorial Library1939-40, American Archivist, 4 (April, 1941),"Roosevelt Library," 4.
;35Richard S. Kirkendall, "Presidential Libraries - OneReseaher's Point of .View," American Archivist, 25 (October,!19M), 448; Kahn, "Presidential Library," 113; Kirkendall,."Second Look," 371.
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19
Sources Cited
Books
Jones, H. G. The Records of a Nation. Their Management,Preservation, and Use. New York: Atheneum, 1969.
Journal Articles
Aeschbacher, William D. "Presidential Libraries: New Dimensionin Research Facilities." The Midwest Quarterly, 6 (January1965), 205-14.
Brooks, Philip C. "The Harry S. Truman Library - Plans and Reality."American Archivist, 25 (January, 1962), 25-37.
Cole, 'Virginia R. "Presidential Libraries." Special Libraries,59 (November; 1968), 691.7.
Connor, R. D. W. "The Franklin D. Roosevelt Library." AmericanArchivist, 3 (April, 1940), 81-92.
Drewry, Elizabeth B. "The'Role of Presidential Libraries."The Midwest Quarterly, 7 (October, 1965), 53-65.
"Johnson Presidential Library Plans Announced." Texas Libraries,29 (Spring, 1967), 3-7.
"Johnson Presidential Library Will Feature Museum." TexasLibraries, :29 (Fall, 1967), 172-80.
Kahn, Herman, "The Presidential Library - A New Institution."Special Libraries, 50 (March, 1959), 106-13.
"World War II and Its Background :Research Materialsat the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library and Policies ConcerningTheir Use." American Archivist, 17 (April, 1954), 149-62.
Kirkendall, Richard S. "A Second Look at Presidential Libraries."American Archivist, 29 (July, 1966), 371-86.
. "Presidential Libraries - One Researcher's Point ofView." American Archivist, 25 (October, 1962), 441-8.
Lagerquist, Philip. "The Harry S. Truman Library." Library,Journal, 83 (January,15,.1958), 144-7.
. "The.Harry S. Truman Library as a Center for Researchon the American, Presidency," College and Research Libraries,25 (January, 1964) , 32-6.
Leland, Waldo Gifford. "The Creation of the Franklin D. RooseveltLibrary: A Personal Narrative." American Archivist, 18(January 1955), 11-29.,.
21
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20
Library Journal, 93 (August, 1968), 2789.
Rhoads, James B. Letter. Special Libraries, 6o (April, 1969) e 249.
Rowland, Buford. "The Papers of the Presidents." AmericanArchivist, 13 (July, 1950), 195-211.
Shiptan, Fred. W. Review of Hayes Memorial Library, knnualReport, 1939-40. American Archivist, 4 (April, 1717 125.
"U.S. Archivist Discusses Presidential Libraries, Papers."Texas Libraries, 29 .(Fall, 1967), 169-71.
Thesis
Bromiley, Frances. "The History and Organization of the FranklinD. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York." Master'sThesis, Western Reserve University, 1959.
. Reports' and Pamphlets
Harry S. Truman Library Institute. Research Newsletter. No. 14.Independence, Missouri.: The Harry 'S. Truman Library Institute:July, 1969.
National Archives. First Annual Report of the Archivist of theUnited States as to the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library,1939-1940. 'Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1941.
Second Annual Report of the Archivist of the UnitedStates as to the Franklin. D. Roosevelt Library, 1940-1941.Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1942.
NationaliTshirnlagtOenc:V.LSGro=enMenililrFranklin
lc:ooglalt
The Dwight D. EiseGovernment Printing Off
7nrre
The Harry S. Truman.Printing Office, 1960.
Eisenhower Libraa. Washington: U.S.ice, 1964.
n Library. Washington: U.S. Government
. The Herbert Hoover Library. Washingtoni U.S..GovernmentPrinting Office, 1963.
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The Presidential Libraries
Private Papers
John WebbDecember 3, 1969Lib 507
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The Presidential Libraries
Private Papers
The Presidential libraries present an interesting case
study in the problem of private papers. These form a very
important part of their holdings. and as we shall, see, in
one sense they are what the Presidential library is all about.
In the first pl ace, beginning with George Washington.
"the papers of our Presidents have been oonaidered their
personal property, a concept which has been upheld in the
courts of law." The President may "give" his paPirs to the
notion by depositing them in a Presidential library especially
established for that purpose, but they still remain his
(or his heirs) personal property. They are his private property
in the White House and afterwards, and he may do with them
as he wishes. 1 Thus, the Presidential papers are not archives
(although they may be very arohival like, as will be noted
below), but private papers' and if the Presidential libraries
held only the Presidential papers. they would be important
manuscript centers.
Blt, the Presidential libraries have other important
papers. For instance, the Franklin D. Roosevelt Presidential
papers saki' 'Up only about fifty percent of the total asnusaript
holdings of the Franklin D. Roosevelt Library. The papers of
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Harry Hopkins and Henry Morgenthau, Jr., are examples of other
important papers held by this library.2 As of September, 1938
(which, unfortunately, is the date of the latest available
detailed figures) papers in the Roosevelt Library were arranged
in forty eight groups. Sixteen of these groups were the
private papers of sixteen aides and associates of the President,
and ten groups contained the nonaPresidential Roosevelt papers.
The January, 1969, figures of the Truman Library show that of
1,6 total groups, eighty six contain private papers and two are
non - Presidential Truman papers. Oh the same date, the Eisenhower
Library contained 141 groups of papers. Fifty of these were
the paPers of private individuals, and eight groups were the
noh,Presidential papers and manuscripts of Dwight Eisenhower.
As of March, 1969, there were fortymix groups of materials in
the 'Hoover Library. Twenty seven groups were of private papers.
and five were the nonaPresidential Hoover papers.' Appendix A
Shows typical pager from the list of historical materials in
the Truman Library.'
The papers of private individuals, then, are obviously
important resources of the Presidential libraries. These papers
"are deposited under legal agreements on access similar to
those far the Presidential papers. The (sensations are handled
with the same oars for their integrity as for that of archives."
The papers deposited by private individuals are given the
Presidential treatment, and this has, induced some donors to
deposit their papers there rather'than elsewhere.4 The Presidential
papers, which, as we have seen, are really private papers, and
25
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At+
their entourage of other important historical materials, give
to the Presidential libraries their key characteristic - that
of being vital manuscript research centers.
Their acquisitions help keep them vital. For our purposes
the interesting thing about these acquisitions is that what
they are trying to acquire - besides reference tools - are
more private papers. The 1955 Presidential Libraries Aot
provides a kind cf broad charter which authorizes and guides
Presidential library acquisitions. It empowers the Administrator
of General Services "1 to accept for deposit... the papers and
other historical materials of any President or former President...
ar ,of, any. other offielal or former offloial of the Government,
and other papers relating to and contemporary with any President
or former President... subject to restrictions agreeable to
the Administrator as to their use...."5
The mere of, the President, of course, come automatically
to the Presidential, library « that bliins the reason for its
establishment. To acquire the other papers require. an so.
quisitions.policy. This polioy is predicated on the general
ale,Ofall the Presidential librariessito retain the record
in all its detail for leiter interpretation by the user,"6
In general., the Presidential libraries sere interested in
acquiring the papers of those persons and organisations that
played a nationsil, pignificant role in the period of the
public life" of the President.? More specifically, the Roosevelt
Library olaiam that its aoquisition polioy
is largely confined to historical material relatingto national and international aspects -of Americanhistory from 1933 to the end of Worlt War II, and
26
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a5
significant background material of earlier date (beginningabout 1910) that throws light on the political, social.economic, and other changes occurring in the UnitedStates during the later periods the public life andinterests of Franklin D. Roosevelt, including hisphilanthropic, soientitio, and cultural activities.
political campaigns in which he took part, and his servicein public office, with special emphasis on, his admin-tstration as President of the United 8tatesi the privatelife and ,interests, of Franklin D. Roosevelg and ofmembers of his family and his progenitors.
The Trulin Library bays, simplys "We are seeking to acquire
as many pirsOnal papers as possible of men and women associated
with Mr. Truman at one time or another before, during, or
after his presidency. "9
These braid, ambitions acquisition policies have led to
aggresaite aijipaigns by the Presidential libraries to acquire
relettant materials. They are aided by the fact that the
Presidential peperi ire such impeztant collections that they
tind to attract a sort of arChlial law of gravity other
closely related and complimentary collections of papers."
Theis twolaotorm have led to fears on the part of other
manudoript collectors especially state and local historical
societies that the Presidential libraries are threats to
their very existence. They seem to feat that there are not
enough private papers to go around, and that the Presidential
libraries Are'unfair eOmpetittbn in the manuscript market."'
The effective rejoinder, both from scholars and from archivists
connoted with the'Presidential'llbraries, has been that
aonipettOon for manusoripti is a healthy.iltuition so long
ee' 'they lire' put where they can be cared for adequatelys that
partly., 1,00i200 of the inoreeeed.,intireit An manuscripts more
money is'flOwitifinto-eihOlarly reirohs'and that there will
27
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24.
always be competition, anal that the decision about where to
place his pspere must be left up to the donor.12
The Presidential libraries have several obvious strengths
whichlavor the success of theirOquisitiokprogramA. Since
they concentrate on a specific subject area within a limited
period of time, they are able to develop staffs who are
specialists in the history of that particular subject and period.
Thus, on the, manuseripts,of,that,subject and.period they can
OVID such papers Immediate. and effective care the Presidential
treOmant,.as we stated above. Furthermore, these papers that
lee the :papers, of aides,. associates, .advisors,' and ,close friends
seembe.themopt useful when placed Asp', the presidential
Mere*. Finally, the presidential libraries, give.immediate
serviceo.inquirtes,givirig direst. personalised ,service to
those:seholars who: visit .the.libraries, and funis0,08 microfilm
to thOee..who,requestjt,1'3
In this. last: point, probably lies the answer to: one of the
reellexing,preblems in the acquisition of manuseripts; where
should :the_papers,go?:In.which ,inetitution do they Belong?
pndoubtedly in rxii4Ly .eases zab PIThilPs in most there is no -1-,
single "right place" fOr a collection. of papers, They might
logioally belong in several institutions!i. .The.U4e of .microfilm
allowe'copies of thepspers.tobe made available cheaply and
efficiently. If a collection of papers is useful in more than
one pleeelo, eiarofilmallows its_dissedationto those plies.
where it. will bevomed.. J7or example,_ as of January. 1969, the
Truman Library ha*.aoquired forty groups Of papers on mierotilm.
28
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These included installments of Presidential papers from the
Library of Congress and many other groups of private papers.
Some of the letter were groups of papers from the Roosevelt
Library relating to President Truman.lit
Using microfilm,
libraries and historiel societies may acquire relevant papers
which are held in other institutions for their collections.
Some authors emphasize the legal and technical differences
between archives and private papers. 15 However, the prevalent
opinion . and the one held in the Presidential libraries seems
to be that "The differences between manuscript collections and
archives are not nearly so important as the elements that
manuscripts and archival materials have kn'co4m0s. For
instance, the Presidential papers are often the only records
of Presidential actions that mast, and, therefore, they are
very archival . like in nature. The papers of Presidential
aides, advisors, and associates are often likewise semi.offioial
in nature.' Consequently, arrangement and description of the
Presidential and other. private papers in the Presidential
libraries closely follow archival principles.
Richard Berner holds that the bibliographic unit of
both archives and manuscripts is the group, and that groups
are made up of series, series of file units, and these latter,
of items. A manuscript group is the equivalent of an archival
record group, and provenance, should be respected. The original
order should be respected if possible, but if rearrangement
IS necessary, it should reflect the activity of the person.
T. R. Sohellenberg essentially Agrees, and he adds that, if
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a?
series are not present, they should be established taking
into account the "arrangement of reoords,11.. their reoord
type, and their origin in aotivity...." Of course, these
are good archival principles."
The arrangement of papers in the Presidential libraries
essentially follows these principles. As can be seen in
Appendix A, for example, the group is the unit of bibliographic
control. In the Truman Library, each group consists "of the
papers of one person or organization, or one manageable
segment of the Truman papers, The numbering of the groups
is not signifolant, being simply an administrative conmenienoe."19
Dwight M. Miller of the, Hoover Library states that no
two manuscript collections, are arranged ezastly the samebecause they are not all exactly alike. However, archival
principles apply to all manusaript collections, and these
prineiples are based on map0 des fonds. Only when oolleotions
are received by the Hoover Library in .a state of complete
disarrangement do the archivists there abandon, the original
order. In those cases. the most usual method of prooessing la
placing them in alphabetical sequenoe within a series
arrangement." With very large bodies of papers such as the
former President's own papers several groups are formed based
on chronology, series are formed within the groups, and the
materials arranged alphabetically within the seriesen
Arrangement of private papers in the Presidential libraries,
then, is based on archival prinoiples and these paperi are
very similar to archives,
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Description obviously also follows archival practices.
Berner has stated that archivists and manuscript librarians
"really seek to reveal the same kind of data, but that the
manuscript librarian needs to reveal more of some types
particularly eases and subjects than does the archivist."
He further declases that the chief finding aid for manuscript
groups should be the preliminary inventory ...- as with arohives.21
Although nothing In the Presidential library literature
indicates that they give the special attention to names and
subjects that Berner advocates (possibly beoause their private
papers are in general so highly specialized and archival in
nature), their practices generally pars/lel his guidelines.
The evolution of descriptive. materials In a Presidential
library spy be studied by examining the most advanced of these
institutions the Roosevelt Library* In 1949, the Library
reported that descriptive guides to its collections had been
'drafted a a year before the Presidential papers were opened to
^2110eareh. It reportild that inventories and calendars were
al3c being prepared* The descriptilleaguldes,are probably the
same group descriptions that Francis Bromiley inoluded in her'
1959 thesis on the Roosevelt Library. Real description includes
the, following informations title of the groups a paragraph
about the poops of the papers in the group; and a general
description of the contents, including the existence of series.
She also reported that three-part-shelf lists had been made for
the Presidential papers. The tkiNme,patfte were an alphabeticaland
sub sot listing, list or the correspondentsAa numerical
list of accession numbers. Shelf lists were also rude for
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30
other large groups. In 1965, the Library Indimitte4 ith
finding aids, present and future, included lists, inventories,
descriptive accounts, and indexes.22
The Hoover Library the newest of the Presidential
libraries in operation in its own building provides an
interesting example of "first generation" finding aids. The
first is a list of holdings much like that in Appendix A.
The second is a set of Registration Statements, one for each
archival group. Each Registration Statement contains the title
of that particular group; fairly detailed description, including
whether the group is divided into series, and the series
description; inclusive dates; the else of the group; the donor;
restrictions on use; and related records, if applicable. An
example of one of these Registration Statements is included
in Appendix B.
Future, more sophisticated descriptive materials to be
issued will be, first, "completed shelf or folder title lists
for all collections open to research," and then a comprehensive
guide to the holdings of the Hoover Library. Eventually, they
hope to publish a "detailed history" of the Hoover paperi23
The Presidential librarleCoontain extensive holdings
of private papers ft the papers of the Presidentsineluded.
These papers are extremely valuable as research resources, and
they groin important partcf "the records of nation."
They therefore deserve end are accorded the finest anmlytioal
treatment available. Their archival -like nature is recognised,
and they are arranged and desoribed using accepted archival
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prinoiples and teohniques. The Presidential libraries pursue
aggressive yet seleotive, acquisition policies to add collections
of papers to their holdings which will enhance the overall
research value of their institutions. Their aim in acquiring
these papers is to become research institution in their
areas ftw to make their holdings as nearly selfsustaining as
possible. In the few short years of their existence, the
Presidential libraries have become among the most important
depositaries 'of private papers in the country.
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Footnotes
iPhilip P. Lagerquist, "The Homy S. Truman Library,"linrary _pmrnal, 83 (January 15, 1958), 1448 Francis Bromiley,"The Rlstory and Organization of the Franklin D. RooseveltLibrary, Hyde Perk, New York" (unpalished Master's Thesis,Western Reserve University , 1959) , pl 268 Herman Kahn, "ThePresidential Library mm A New Institution," i!". .. el
50 (March. 1959). 106; H. G. Jones, ; vflffniF1V14,The _f_.e9, t e a i . .. w 'or 1 eneumr
p . a paper w ea only with the fourPresidential libraries operated by the National Archives andRecords Service for which there is significant (find available)operating experience. These four ores the Franklin D. Boosevelti.../ bro-qthe Harry S. Trumankpibrary, the Dwight D. Eisenhower Library,and the Herbert Hoover Library.
Icahn,. "Presidential Library." 112; U. S., GeneralServioes Administration, Notional Archives and Records Service,!k- , 1 _-. _ ; ;- 1 tfe : . , = . t , U te oFcirrmliwirinct .. I if II 4 114 17717M11111-C.1.5 C.11. a n8overnmen =r n ag Cr 00 . 13..
3 1Bromiley, 'Roosevelt Library." PP. 73-1038 Harry S.Truman Library Institute.
, No. 13 (Indepe ence, ssour t Harry umanmiry. nstitute, Janusry, 1969)..ppl 1-58 U. S., General
Service,Adminiairation, NatiOnal Arohives and Reciords Service,Dwight D. Eisenhower Library, "Historical. Materials," Abilene,Kansas, January 1, 1969. (Mimeographed.); U. S., GeneralBarytes' Administration, National Archives and Records Service,Herbert Hoover Presidential Library, "List of Holdings andRegistration Statements," West Branch, Iowa, March 18, 1969.(Xeroxed.)
Philip C. Brooks, "The Harry S. Truman Library mm Planaand Reality," AmaamAxsilILUAI,- 25 (Januery,1962),. 32.
5Jones, pecorge, p. 156.
6Elisabeth B. Drewry. "The Hole of Presidential Libraries,"
Th23241tes19ALWt, 7 (October, 1965), 62.
7"Acquisition Policies of Presidential Libraries," inJames H. Rodabaugh, ed., Aconference on certain probliii[liitiliWoilair-ag4-464'ork in
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33
the United States (Madison, Wisoonsins The American Associationfor State and Local History. 1959), 38.
U. S., National Archives.,1 t t 0 a o
4111777411111Caeitla;
P.ng ons Governmen
93rooks, "Truman Library," 31.
00t
10"Acquisition Policies," 37, 40.
J111..A "AJC 38.Axwoll 35,
12all.. 38; Drewry, "Presidential Libraries," 581Richard -&-Kirkendall, "Presidential Libraries ft OneResearcher's Point of View," litm...41494Egatat, 25 (October,1962), 442.3.
-aoquisition Policies," 36.9.
14Truman Library Institute, TriimagIAMnx,NvisAstter,NO. 13, ppe 5*6; Harry S. Truman LiUrary Institute. 44,127,fik
ti es, (Independence, Missourisrry um. n rary ns u October. 1961), p. 2.
i5Brooks, "Truman Library," 37 $ Heiman Kahn, "World War IIand. Its BackgroundsResearoh Materials at the 'Franklin D.Roosevelt Library and. Policies Concerning their Use," Amer/0ARArchivist,* 17 (April, 1954), 151.
"Richard C. Berner, "Archivists, Librarians, and theMotional Union Catalog of Manuscript Collections," AmpylomArchirigtA 27 (July. 1964) . 409.
17Lagerquist, "Truman Library," 144.
°Richard C. Berner, "Manuscripira Collections and ArchivesA Unitary Approach."9 taPrinS. 1965). 213* 8 e e rg.
(New Yorks Columbia University Press, pp5.
19Truman Library Institube &Am LibiarY4aws4epter.
October, 1961, p. 4.
20Lotter From Dwight M. Miller, Senior Archivist, HerbertHoover Presidential Library, dated December 1. 1969.
5C
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21Berner, "NUCMC," 405..6; Berner, "Menusoript Collections," 219.
22Notional Archives.massaz, p. 7i Rromiley, "Rooseve rery pp 73.1031Draft*. "Presidential Libraries," 63.
2Hoover Library, "List of Holdings."
36
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35
Appendix A
List of Historical MaterialsHarry 8. Truman Library
37
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3Group Cubic Feet
26. Records of the President's Commission on Migratory Labor,1950-51 5
27. Records of the President's Committee on Religion andWelfare in the Armed Forces, 1948-51 14
28. Records of the Missouri Basin Survey Commission,1952-53 11
29. Records of the Harry S. Truman Library, Inc., 1950-63 2430. Papers of Jesse M. Donaldson, 1947-52 1
31. Papers of John D. Clark, 1946-52 4 1
32. Records of the President's Scientific Research Board,1946-47 7
33. Records of the President's Water Resources PolicyCommission, 1950-51 20
34. Papers of Samuel I. Rosenman, 1944-49 2
35. Records from the Democratic National Committee, 1943-52 9
36. Papers of Frank McNaughton, 1938-52 8
37. Papers of Charles G. Ross, 1945-50 2.
38. Papers of Stephen J. Spingarn, 1933-67 2339. Records of the Washington Office of the Cooperative
League of the United States, 1936-49 (permission required) 59
40. Papers of Wallace J. Campbell, 1939-64 (permission required) 26
41. Papers of Oscar L. Chapman, 1931-53 (permission required) 4242. Papers of Myron G. Taylor, 1938-52 (closed) 1
43. Papers of Charter Heslep, 1945-50 1
44. Papers of Henry A. Bundschu, 1939-56 less than1
45. Papers of Lina D. Adams, 1940-62 less than1
46. Papers of J. Howard McGrath, 1934-52 7547. Papers of Alfred Schindler, 1934-55 1148. Papers of Edwin A. Locke, Jr., 1941-53 2
49. Papers of Nathaniel P. Davis, 1916-57 less than1
50. Records of the Harry S. Truman Library Institute forNational and International Affairs, 1955-67 5
51. .Papers of Frieda Hennock, 1948-55 9
52. Papers of John M. Redding, 1943-58 9
53. Papers of James E. Webb, 1928-63 3354. Papers of Stanley Andrews, 1950-64 1
55. Papers of James Boyd, 1927-67 5
56. Papers of Edward D. McKim, 1940-63 less than1
57. Papers of Dillon S. Myer, 1943-53 less than1
58. Papers of Joseph M. Jones, 1947-48 1
59. File of White House Press Releases, 1945-53 3
60. Papers of N. T. Veatch, 1926-33 less than
61. Records of the National Aircraft War Production 1
Council, 1942-45 10
r:
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51
Appendix H
Registration Statement
Herbert Hooter Library
39
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The Herbert Hoover Presidential Library Registration of AG 4
CAMPAIGN AND PRE-INAUGURAL PAPERS, 1928-1929
Description:
Correspondence, clippings, printed material, speeches, press releasesrelating to Herbert Hoover's activities during the 1928 campaign, theSouth American Goodwill Tour, cabinet appointments, and other pre-inauguration activities.
Campaign files. Filed in six series; (1) congratulations onnomination; (Z) subject files, Washington, D. C. , office,March-November 1928; (3) comments and suggestions, Stan-ford University office, July-August, 1928; (4) comments andsuggestions, Washington, D. C. office, August-November,1928; (5) congratulations on election, special California file;(6) letters of appreciation to State Republican organizations,1923.
Pre-Inauguration correspondence. Filed in three series:(1) individual and subject Me, January-March, 1929; (2)cabinet appointments.; and (3) South American GoodwillTour, November-December, 1928.
Inclusive dates: March, 1928- Quantity: 38 linear feetMarch 1929 Donor: Herbert Hoover
Restrictions':
See Restriction Statement, The Herbert Hoover Papers.
NLH - March 1969
40
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31
Sources Cited
Books
Jones, H. G. The Records of a Nation. Their Management,;reservation, and Use. New YorksAtheneum, 1969.
Sohellenberg, T. R. The Management of Archives, New YorksColumbia University Press, 1965.
Articles
"Acquisition Policies of Presidential Libraries." In RodabaughJames H., ed. The Present World of History. A conferenceon certain problems in historiesl agency work in theUnited States. Madison, Wisoonsins The American Associationfor State and Local History, 1959. 3462.
Berner. Richard C.Union CatalogArchivist, 27
"Archivists, Librarians, and the Nationalof Manuscript Collections." American(July, 1964), 401.9.
"Manuscript Collections and Archives -4. A Unitary---"-Igroisch." Library Resources and Technical Services,
9 (Wing, 1965). 21340.
Brooks, Philip C. "The Harry S. Truman Library Plans andReality." American Arohivist, 25 (January, 1962), 25-37.
Drewry, Elisabeth B. "The Role of Presidential Libraries."The Midwest Quarterly. 7 (October, 1965). 53.455.
Kahn, Herman. "The Presidential Library -- A New Institution."Special Libraries, 50 (March, 1959). 1064.13.
"World War II and Its Backgrounds Research Materialsa the FrankltngD. Roosevelt Library and Policies Concerningtheir Use." American Arohivist, 17 (April, 1954) . 149.62.
Kirkendall, Richard 8. "Presidential Libraries i.e. One Researcher'sPoint of View." American Archivist, 25 (Ootober,1962).
Lagerquist. Philip P. *The Harry S. Truman Library." LibraryJournal, 83 (January 15, 1958), 144..7.
Reports
Harry S. Truman Library Institute. Harry S. Truman LibraryResearch Newsletter. Independence, Missouri: Harry S.Truman Library Institute,'October, 1961.
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Harry S. Truman Library Research Newsletter. No. 13.---TaTependence, MissourisHarry So, Truman Library Institute,
January, 1969.
U. S. General Servioes Administration. National Archives andReoords. Service.- Dwight D. Eisenhower Library. "HistoricalMeterialAs" Abilene, Kansas, JaamOry 1, 1969. (Mimeographed.)
U. Se General Services AdministrationOlitionel Archives andRecorda Servide. Herbert Hoover Pitsidential Library."List of Holdings and Registration Statements," WestBranch, Iowa, March 18, 19696' (Xere.Wed.)
U. S. General Services Administration. National Archives andRecordsvServios.' Tenth Annual Report of the Archivistof-the United States on the Franklin D. 'Roosevelt Library,1948.4949. Washingtons Government Printing Office, 1950.
,
U. S. National *Mitres. Ninth. Annual Report of the Archivistof the United States on the 'Franklin D. Roosevelt Library,19471948. Washingtons Government Printing Office, 1949.
Other
Bromiley. Francis, "The History and Organisation of the FranklinD. Roosevelt Library, Hyde Park, New York." UnpbblishedMaster's thesis, Western Reserve University, February, 1959.
latter. frois Dwight M. Millar, Senior Archivist, Herbert HooverPresidential Library. &scepter 1. 1969.
42
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, 511121'
T la
4
619-d
th',, operation of the
Tnrciric ;;'.:Ist the specialized
!::And technIcal procc.'Is f.:o and inherant
Fnr the c.-rch:ls a ivory tower - at'
nbraries v.Ist be
erficlr:11L1 :1!'int;,=.2n.1, If Tre to and
1.riv.(7,1vc:s Lhe of b,2dL;et,
staff, ii , .1ncti:,, Thes,=, JcfatIve matters
are 1,;() f.:11 organlztltion, to n7! alr)t-oher.
r:nr::.:1171c .91-n.)110-anon to iO Fre[3idnL-111. 1:11)Jr:les is
te f thI9 paper.
13 ur.7: Gr.et
The budel;ary plcture of it:1 FresIdt,)ntll
confs143,- It Is complicei:! by the fict f.ulds
may come from any and all of 1 oa'cta s inf)71.1
ConlLress, the viors to the 72.21a1 qnd
private donors, A further c.:(),!.1,7.':ion is the cicf:
te Pr I libraries
ore perforled by Public Se7...vIoo., a
ency of the Co nr.ral Servlce
-Iv 43
f
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I , ho cvernme nt seems to have
which ].,.r,:ltlat.e the Pre s 1(1 e nt in 1
tha t'71 i I
'1 ct, ry I o a 3 " Thist;PrT 11."....raries are nearly impos-
7111.( "r :. t'Llr; cs,t- 1.a'o1e
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P-oczewjt Prr:Isif7ential Library
t o
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Ii 1.D tin . 11 C c; 1,"
44
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51
i,roporl.;:!.ou cf i-s..p,-,i3fL`.1rE from
rund a i for Ti: r.rofesional,
c3. clrical emploes of the rci ai libraries
are emi-;loyed by 7:J.ATI, and thus t:ney are part of tha federal
Civl Service. 7A113 recruits ca7'ee1' archivl from aill,-)ng
people wit} t last an M.A. in history at th- with
the understnaina- that after or ,ytai' of serve tho, will he
promo bed alAtomatiolly to the 7C-'2. leel.
trainins, ,1,7() years they .-t17. be cRfivancod LC c G-11 level.
Further advancement would cor!:. [ime and 3::1-1..erIce3.,r
In the arshlval rElztant pos:5±f.on, a technician en
.from a 7S-2 to a 2-11, one :Ya: 1 i. ti:ae.
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1 " !
/ crie it, 1.
I '
6
nt. s 97. ry sched
PresIdentialT 3.96'g '1:ho av erase salary
, 1 -.vees a t thr.? f -- ;. 'T Ibraries wa s aboutr-rr rIV01.!2, from c'0,950 per year
IS... "'l r.? Tomi or Library The
4 15oho.
:10 ves 1::21,71rier..; - actual. and estimated -I 6
7 ;7: CI r.1 1_ bra T' ;:" -y r per 1. od .
1,..11,1.,7: , .).strates tt:at mos tof approp:riatefi 92:20 for
:,Yr7n1
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Trumn
iooi-
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To n 111:1_ of th :1.S fins nc :I al_ :1. rf into the1", i:7:.(3 of a Pre. e ntia7. ibra pro'ba3qy
beyond the scope of the data presentea and beyond
t.h' ace aunt' n d iobili.tIes of !.7.11.:_ s a uthor tThn t Dr t7,3, rat,
to r ti/her, o1)h , is the 1 trz: 5 )'"c":(,) of 'W.) 12-1.!,) tre&,nrd to the ol;11, factors f::...7r , build in;:; , er1).1.1.1:1-:-1-, -
Lc) be d Iscl.assrA ther..:e. fa 71..uterloc;.:
ThLLb the budge t-, is the most !r:c.1 r of t;l:L!:.: grmp
for upon it r.411. tis others m20
budget will T.) t r-) nd hold 0 .'7.1.:33 Jy oUoff, ;;117. 01l.ow for
the 1. xls LI. tutl. on of 1ir DEA er , .-nry s , a r,C? 1 1. I.t1i La to
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important
:12 1. 1irie wou.l.d seem
3' c f govern:Tent
-..)f the services
not be f orgotte n.
':;hor opeoh of this br cod -
of the Pre.sideLA,181
Laff 1;..; :rained
opc-...11.:Jon. Not
' 7 :1. IT or V "!" r! it3 trr-11)11-113
1(.1 archiv?..11.
r 1.1 C).1..(.1 1.1 rar-..1.:1(..,1..11.(ir n
o!.e P-e5:" 11"1.1.,y :.Thlf7.! to
oT,en s
r"
1 1 .n n(3 Ct.. co]
be ceneral 1.ler; for ;71.7.0i7
require me that if hold I or ncrea r.;(
be 'U Nor e!0
any guidelinc:s for de,terrlinin 1-,rofessional
staff In; ratios. Liko
for the Presidential libraries Lot coTplet-j,,,- Cl.yr1r.
Table V elou is s compc-).:..1.3::7:: fl:n1
bir..ns lje):1711.1.18s,
49
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1.
a bit.
P-Y"eFiflflt.5.al
."!r n.l.y affect
J-, these
2,7 5 t.'r1ate1
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t}ouh h icJ.i , acccssIbi tL:(3.1 i'
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- Ma. re h. 1969
40
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L., 7
j4 ty percent of
, and ad DO L'and (111 ot-,hr f unctions,
., 7 ur p n :::.sizes t:-)n
ts HOW do the Presidential
r. of is cr ite la?
lit cr 1 te ;Jnes fflre poorly indeed
'6 1;711. T:Lb:CiOro s a'7, much museums as
, Theis that the
.1oIa1 11bra:ries are v :pec5 ::ed institutions
t par U c f or tu i.a ;r.s1 s a nd the study
of the .)11 1U represo "eSpeclally
Rr=1.-'1111 1.17 ri C-t (..1 tin TT'l 1:h 219 11 The
seum heJ4u he r,7;sea-fchcr t ,]:,.ras.p th flavor of the period,
nd 1.1i:; n ispen or ro n i a 3_ library . 26
They are ra the r sina 11 b.1.113.,:.! ). nzs , arid :nise urn sections
C..!.S1 Ch are se pa ra tea from the ad !n1!.abrati "3 oloes s tar.!ks
and readinz and rosearch rooms. These are clIA:Itered and
1desned to serve as a research library .rr This acces-
sihility seems cpi te well taken care of In .i5entlsl
librarles.
6xpo n s lb 1. 1. ty is a pr omi ne t 17 en t u:re of t! le se bial
f our of them oow in. opera I: :1 hove l:read :i :=p1d r?,61
or are In the process of liav :3 tians bui t TilLs is
d one with prl.w4 te funds 28 1:1)!1r1.5..Q;s the L.] , tho Fr side nt lal
libreries are qui 1..;() s uc e s fs3f 1-17
E
Of the f our areas covered To L-is paper, , ecuil
52
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ii-
fo',..-(n1 in all archives
:
:!'::1 by r1c.nt-11r7Inbftrg,
1.;:i:_os bir sed by
by Preident'al
..
1..y1 tlio National
vIcords.
r -ror(53,
H
''). 1. I,. (3: I 1. Icontruted of
y-L;a;)zF:
npproximntely
O f metal ana
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(2,:)n)1.
nnry CoL: .1.0*on2,fction.:1w8 c47 nrc'01.::
nvea,!,f1)
has.
p7r)4;ection., un LatrioD ystom,
nn3 aittomotIc ftre pl.ew7;1.1tiocrLi
thc! r;ire. stack 1,2oom
7tinute
qfter:12) 7.
DetrIontin:1 of pape-n, a lyrolplom
ar,,2 1, ibv=.1ry 'Lrstitl).tions,rrItar(le
0? n hishly
effiolent alr-conditioninEa
rr1t; lye 1.1u.mlJlty of 50 peon arid arnn,Ye
of betlfill 6C and 75 do. r, Fs and
Uo .o,er
Cther t.:;pccialorIW,.nment such
discsf:,.1 In 1:1.te Pr,.1s1denti.r.11.11.terat,
11);111d:1,.7!(1u1p11.2.-)nt,
ney
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r":c7 tl"),C,1
tonic.s for:. ny
info'rmati:.)n may
ni1n a ll they
fairly well off
y
:11 1.
tuna this seems to
library buildlna's
9T? at least Iii part
s.or'num'her
1y.7fefitt.4r.
at hn 11J
judLr,m
oc' the Tlipment
However,
af.2yt',-.at there
, sa7.1
rn 1.7,r:7'7Yi1 1.101; 1-]'"!
A ref ore, that
Inst'Itutionswell-off .111 on.
7;07t? 7,711-off all the
The PresentThl 11:hrarls)-77t
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on Tatioa1 Arch vesLibrrl:ry,
;. T.31flL- C Pii;.1;i cce , 1968 ) .
ln tho pamphletsllbraries.
,,,, ri t ;1' .92 c.),'" .. ; {2, O:'fice3 1969),
13, r.'nEtrol 73eport
P,clq.i.trstc)r of (W.as?!1;ton.:.7:-..'1D17717-7,7777, r'-2,4 ) 31' 1 to
r7; t-iiY2-.12 if th,T, 1.00lpts/
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rztates-Govrrmnt
15Pi 11.E P "7c;onoroic 3tn17.1.1.7, of the Arc:h:i.val
P-ofesion, 1965-6," Araerc:lan C:n1A1. :11.1;Try, 1967),113; HouE.F1, C01111-I ttee on ApproPrintIonr.-3, 11).?::rY-!.':Ifltins for
i:7)6 6 'f"'r1"-i 305
,e
17,- na 1. A r c e s, Te nth A n ni).611. Report ,
Llbrary, ? ; T IL che7.... L.; , 1.:Iod ern. 5. 1(17737157r ki1ri.(111E-s (Chi,cago Uri e ty Chi c 0 75-61 ,p. th B. Drewry , 'Hol.4.7.1 of the Pi::Libraries The 12.7.11west Qua 7.rly , 7 (Cc t ob , 3.9 5 ) 6'-Day i P. L1o,TTarry r.,LbraryArchivist, 18 (Ap.r..11, 1955), 3.r)5.
18House , Connittee on Appl',-Tr1,)1:ion.s , A n..pri,)12,1 i.)H3
f or 12.(Zi.., Hearinc,s , p. 805; Hot-.o , 7--.:Imitte on A-.)proltions,LI.J2r oRria tic,ns f ca. j-6
19Le ttar C rel:.! William J. fl-,a-t
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i. Is+,1 , '. : ^ , r 01,pr) ' , 4-,-,
J.' 1, 1.969 ; ony T.)!. ne,. .
Gt e !'. 7 1267, pp. 725, 727
4. a, " ,
'41 "r , A me?-.'1..c.',,a 11 Libra ry
11: .. ,' , o C alpa ny
T '.'11 1.1 .2 , LaL,,..nrst reported' Cr n t.; - :ry i1jeec
- ' red n f.' 1)11-time,,, :.::..1 (T P, , "Tile Harr;)
" il.Tr'n LT (. Jr) , 1958)
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:r, of 77.' 7,---v_.1.r.. 3.962t'!,-..:;`,-;: .; na,er.lt; Offs , ; (J.
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oc.c t or C; oi (-)-; 'Archival
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(1929), )9-90.
2 611.eul Ka1.t!., 'The Prel.!7.7o1 - 7J.).41.-It: on,,Spec!.al 1.,11,r.ori.e!7., 50 (E.airch, , 106; ,
Libra s ,
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Libralw - A
flpc.c1(41 Libl-flies, 50 (Erla'oh, 19",9),
LagerAu1.pt, Pni1Lp P. "Ti e Hori7y 0 Truirian r,ibray
Journal, 23 (January 1 l95),
Le1,9nd, WLIldo 7,1.i-ford. "The CT(.:a!;i0D of th., Y.:::[)11.1.! D. rloovelt
Lil;'.r..r.lcy A rvsonal Yb-r-2.9to"(Januar,v, 1.955), 11-27.
Lloyd, David D. '1:i' HaT'ryArc1j7iict1
1P, (April, 1955), 99-110.
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