67366451 biodiversity hotspot
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BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS:Chilean Winter Rainfall-
Valdivian ForestsBy Natalie SummaAnd fish
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What Is A Hotspot?
For a region to qualify as a biodiversity hotspot, twomain criteria must be met:
At least 70% of the regions original habitat must
have been lost The region must have over 1,500 endemic species
of vascular plants, which is greater than 5% of theworlds total vegetation
http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/
http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/hotspots/chilean_forests/Pages/default.aspxhttp://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/hotspots/chilean_forests/Pages/default.aspx -
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Chilean Winter Rainfall-ValdivianForests: Is It A Hotspot?
-There are 1,957 endemic plant species (greater than 1,500)-Remaining area is 119,143 square km of the original 397,142square km (greater than 70% decrease)Conclusion: YES.
http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/hotspots/chilean_forests/Pages/default.aspx
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Where In the World Is This
Hotspot?Climate: Humid and foggy conditions year-round near the coast-Moist winds from the west create heavy rainfall in the mountains-Temperature stays relatively constant all year, varying from high of 62 F in summer to45 F in the cooler winter months
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Types of Ecosystems
Four types of forest ecosystems: Deciduous forests- climate similar to Mediterranean climate
Nothofagus alpina, N.obliqua
Laurel-leaved forests- contains a variety of broadleafevergreen trees
Laureliopsis philippiana, Alextoxicon punctatum, Euricyphiacordifolia, Myceugenia
Patagonian Andean forests- Found along the Andesmountain front, dominated by conifers
Araucaria araucana, Fitzroya cupressoider
Northern Patagonian forests- dominate the southern half ofthe region, vegetation includes broadleaf and conifer
Nothofagus dombeyi, Drimys winteri, Podocarpus nubigenus
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valdivian_temperate_rain_forests
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Socio-EconomicConditions
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AndeanMountain Cat
-None are currently held incaptivity
-They are believed to exist only inthe Andes Mountains in South
America
-Fewer than 2,500 are known tosurvive today
-Efforts to preserve the cat:CONAF, a Chilean government
agency responsible for themanagement of both national
parks and forest production, hasagreed to let the SCCA(Small CatConservation Alliance) renovate a
building for the Andean CatConservation and Monitoring
Center in San Pedro de Atacamain Chile
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andean_mountain_cat
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Endemic Plant
Species-The forest of Coastal Central
Chile is the only refuge forthe endemic trees Gomortega
keule and Nothofagus alessandri-The narrow strip of land isonly 100km long and is
disappearing at the rate of 8%per year
-This loss is due to the native
vegetation that is cleared forMonteray Pine plantations
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora_of_Chile
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Whats Happening?
Causes:
Overgrazing, urbanization, invasivespecies
Technology advancements (hydro-electricdams)
Construction and developmentimplemented to coastal areas to increasetourist activity
Man-made forests made for the purpose
of slowing erosion/soil stabilization,which fragments stands of nativevegetationslows the gene flow amongplant species
Also acts as a barrier to many animalsspecific to the habitat
Whats Being Done?
12.8% of original land space isofficially protected, including:national parks, reserves,monument sanctuaries
the rare Araucaria trees areprotected as a national monument
Coastal regions are leftunprotected
A majority of unprotectedland is privately owned, and istherefore both expensive and
difficult to purchase In 2003, the government
succeeded in purchasing60,000km of land in an openauctionmore cooperationbetwen the government andthe private sector is needed
http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/hotspots/chilean_forests/Pages/default.aspx http://www.biodiversityhotspots.org/xp/hotspots/chilean_fore
sts/Pages/conservation.aspx
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