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5.1.2 Situative Planning

Situative Planning - A Strategic Approach to Urban Planning

UPA Package 5, Module 1

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

Stategic Planning

• Strategic approach to urban management responds to rapidly changing environment.

• Therefore it is• informal,• flexible,• iterative,• unifying,• participatory.

Source: Urban Planning and Management Project 2002:2

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

Situative Planning (2)

Components are:• to work together with administration• to have a goal• to analyse the situation• to identify problems and potentials• to derive objectives• to implement a plan• to monitor and evaluate• to communicate

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

• PlanA strategy which gives intention guided recommendations to achieve a conceived situation.

• ProgrammeAn outline of measures that specify the type of work

needed to achieve the conceived situation set in plans.• Project

A set of activities to achieve a specific objective of a programme within a given time period and budget.

Plan – Programme - Project

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

Hierarchy ofPlan – Programme – Project

Plan

Programme A

Activity 1

Activity 2

Activity 3

...

Programme B Programme C

Project 1 Project 2 Project 3 Project 4 Project 5 Project 6

Activity 1

Activity 2

Activity 3

Activity 1

Activity 2

Activity 3

Activity 1

Activity 2

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

Project Cycle

External Evaluation:• Project Continuation• Project Modification• Project End

Project ProposalProject Examination

Project Selection

Project Planning

Project Plan

Implementation

Monitoring & Evaluation

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

Contents of Tool Kit

• Urban Profile• Organisation and Institutional Analysis• Interest Analysis• Problem Analysis• Potential Analysis• Objectives Analysis• Alternatives Analysis• Logical Framework (Project Planning Matrix)• Operation Plan• Monitoring and Evaluation • Communication- and Teamwork Exercises

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

Management by Objectives

MBO was introduced to improve the planning and control of projects through• clarification of scope of responsibilities• improvement of communication and co-operation between

executing agencies and decision makers• installation of common platform for the project team• provision of indicators as a basis for monitoring and

evaluation.

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

GOPP as an Example of MBO

What is GOPP?• GOPP is the English translation of the German term ZOPP.• ZOPP is an acronym of the German term

Ziel = goal = GOrientierte = oriented = OProjekt = project = PPlanung = planning = P

• GOPP is a set of• procedures,• instruments and• working techniques.

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

Basic Procedures of GOPP

• gradual procedure through a sequence of successive planning steps

• permanent visualisation and documentation of all planning steps

• team approach

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

Features of GOPP

GOPP• is one workable system• is an open system• is as good as the planning-team• can be applied flexible on different planning stages• generates a consensus of different opinions through the

planning process.

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

Workshop Moderator

• The moderator leads through the workshop but he is not a discussion leader.

• The moderator• introduces the method,• reminds the participants to respect the game-rules and• gives technical assistance.

• The moderator• never judges the ideas of the participants and• does not take part in the thematical discussion.

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

Working Techniques

• permanent visualisation and documentation of all planning steps with cards

• rules of application• moderation

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

Card Method

Per card

same logic = same colour

clear writing(block letters)

• 1 idea• 1 problem• 1 thought

more than three lines per

card

• CAPITALS• hand written

Never

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

Card Visualisation

• Put the cards on the board.• Organise the cards according to topics.• Stick the cards to the board to fix the results.

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

Rules

• All workshop participants have the same importance.• no monologues ‘thank you’ rule• Avoid formal voting to obtain a majority decision.• Every card remains on the wall till the whole group decides to

remove it.• new idea new card

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

Results

• There are no correct or incorrect ideas. All ideas are accepted on equal ground.

• Novel and creative ideas are encouraged regardless of how foolish they might seem.

• Criticism and discussions are not allowed.• Emphasis is on generating a large number of ideas in

order to get all around the problem.• Combinations and extensions of ideas are encouraged.

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

• Brainstorming is a method to generate new ideas in a group on the basis of spontaneous thoughts concerning a specific topic.

• It helps to get inputs from all participants which are used for further development of the topic.

• To get a spontaneous statement of each participant.• To get different answers regarding a put question.• Is the basis for many further developments like

group work, discussions, problem tree development etc.

Brainstorming

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

Procedure (1)

• Each participant gets one or a special number of cards (small groups up to three answers possible) and a pen.

• Explain the procedure• how to work with cards and• brainstorming method.

• Put the questions on the board• Give a time reference and appoint someone to

assist you.• Collect all cards and pin them on the board.

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

Procedure (2)

• Cluster the answers (some statements might be single).

• Encourage all participants to define labels for clusters (not the majority but consensus is decisive).

• Discuss the answers.• Formulate further questions or steps (e.g. second

round of brainstorming).

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

Brainstorming Workshop

Context

Brainstorm

Organise

Name

Evaluate

?

TitleTitle Title Title Title

Title Title Title Title Title

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5.1.2 Situative Planning

Tasks of an Urban Planner• preparation of an urban profile• selection of participants:

• functional aspects• group dynamics• not more than 20 participants

• information and participation:• objectives of workshop• methodology• expectations

Organisation of a Planning Workshop