Capacity Building Workshop on

Sustainable Urban Transport Index (SUTI)

30-31 October 2017, Colombo.

Sustainable Energy Initiatives

in Sri Lanka

Thusitha Sugathapala

Department of Mechanical Engineering

University of Moratuwa.

Ministry of Transport and Civil

Aviation, Sri Lanka

� National Outlook

� Overview of the Energy Sector

� Sri Lanka in the Global Sustainability Map

� The Strategic Directions

� The basis

� Sustainable Energy Initiatives

� Renewable Energy Development

� Rational Use of Energy

- Energy Management

- Knowledge Management

OVERVIEW

2

Major Hydro

Thermal (Coal)

New RE: 11.1%

Thermal (Oil)

37.1%

18.0%

33.7%

Major Hydro: 9.5%

Coal: 10.0%

New RE: 2.9%

Oil

Biomass 38.8%

38.9%

NATIONAL OUTLOOK

� Overview of the Energy Sector

3

Primary Energy

Supply by Source

Gross Electricity

Generation of

Grid Connected

Power Plants

Source: SLEB-2015, SLSEA

NATIONAL OUTLOOK

� Overview of the Energy Sector

� Demand for fossil fuels

4

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

An

nu

al

Sa

le (

kto

n)

Year

Coal

Other

Kerosene

LPG

Furnace Oil

Gasoline

DieselDiesel

Gasoline

Furnace Oil

Coal

Source: SLEB-2015, SLSEA

NATIONAL OUTLOOK

� Overview of the Energy Sector

� Impact of energy in GHG emissions

5

Energy61.36%

Industrial Processes2.61%

Agriculture24.99%

LUCF 0.24%

Waste 10.79%

Gross Emission = 18,843 Gg CO2eq

Removal = 6,254 Gg CO2eq

Net Emission = 12,589 Gg CO2eq

(614 kg CO2eq /Capita)

Source: UNFCCC 2nd National Communication, Ministry of Environment.

Power sector26.59%

Industry8.26%

Transport43.97%

Household &

Commercial18.84%

Refinery2.34%

Energy Sector Emissions = 11,562 Gg CO2eq

NATIONAL OUTLOOK

� Sri Lanka in the Global Sustainability Map

� Development vs Energy

6

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0.8

0.9

1.0

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600

HDI

Primary Energy Supply (kWh/Capita/day)

Earth I Earth IIOne

Earth

This scenario may require three resource worlds

Sri Lanka

World

The one resource world scenario of convergence and contraction of the energy consumption among all Countries

Source: Human Development Report 2015, UNDP

Earth II

0

2

4

6

8

10

0.0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0

Ec

olo

gic

al F

oo

tpri

nt

pe

r c

ap

ita

(g

ha

)

UN Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI)

Low Human Development

Med

ium

Hu

man

Develo

pm

en

t

Hig

h H

um

an

Develo

pm

en

t

Very

Hig

h H

um

an

Develo

pm

en

t

Global Ecological footprint = 2.6 gha

Bio-capacity=

1.7 gha Minumum global

sustainable

development quadrant

NATIONAL OUTLOOK

� Sri Lanka in the Global Sustainability Map

� Development vs Environment

7

Sri Lanka

Source: Living Planet Report 2014, Global Footprint Network

NATIONAL OUTLOOK

� Sri Lanka in the Global Sustainability Map

� Economic Efficiency vs Energy

8Source: Industrial Development Report 2011, UNIDO

Energy Intensity (ToE per $1,000 MVA)

Co

mp

eti

tive I

nd

ustr

ial

Perf

orm

an

ce I

nd

ex Developing economies

Developed economies

Predicted trend

Sri Lanka

� A tradeoff between� Socio Economic Development

� Resource Security

� Environment Sustainability

� Transformational change in the energy sector

9

Transforming our world: the

2030 Agenda for Sustainable

Development: UN SDGs

THE STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS

Energy

Security

Environment

Sustainability

Socio-Economic

Development

Sustainable

Energy

(A) Developing Renewable Energy

(B) Improving Energy Efficiency

(C) Rational Use of Energy

A

B C

Technology Interventions Systems and Behavioral Changes

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES

� Renewable Energy Development

� Strategic Approach

10

RESOURCE MAPS

RESOURCE INVENTORY

TECHNOLOGY ROADMAP

Technical

Potential

Environmental

Potential

Policy

Targets

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES

� Renewable Energy Development

� Resource maps:

11

Solar Wind Hydro

Low

Medium

High

(kWh/m2/yr)

Source: SLSEA

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES

� Renewable Energy Development

� Resource inventory:

12

No District Biomass Solar Wind Hydro Total

1 Ampara 30 0 0 0 30

2 Anuradhapura 15 30 0 2 47

3 Badulla 15 0 60 61 136

4 Batticaloa 15 0 0 0 15

5 Colombo 40 0 0 0 40

6 Galle 15 0 0 12 27

7 Gampha 5 0 0 0 5

8 Hambantota 15 100 60 1 176

9 Jaffna 0 0 100 0 100

10 Kalutara 30 0 0 3 33

11 Kandy 15 0 30 80 125

12 Kegalle 0 0 0 94 94

13 Kilinochchi 15 30 60 0 105

14 Kurunegala 30 30 0 0 60

15 Mannar 0 0 260 0 260

16 Matale 0 0 30 38 68

17 Matara 15 0 0 13 28

18 Monaragala 30 15 0 6 51

19 Mullaittivu 15 0 30 0 45

20 Nuwara Eliya 0 0 60 133 193

21 Polonnaruwa 15 30 0 8 53

22 Puttalam 15 0 260 0 275

23 Ratnapura 0 0 30 151 181

24 Trincomalee 15 0 30 0 45

25 Vavuniya 15 15 0 0 30

Total 360 250 1010 602 2222Source: SLSEA

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES

� Renewable Energy Development

� Technology roadmap (for electricity)

13

Today Towards Sustainable Energy Systems

Micro-hydro

Waste /Agro-residues

Mini Hydro

Wind: Offshore

Ocean Wave

Geothermal

BAU (lighter pie) vs additional energy potential (darker pie)

Ch

alle

ng

es

fo

r Im

ple

me

nta

tio

n

Time Horizon

3rd Phase

1st Phase 2nd Phase

Solar PVNet metering

Pico-hydro

Solar Home

Biomass: Dendro power

Mini Hydro: Irrigation Channels

OTEC

Biomass: MSW

Solar PV

Wind:Hill-country

Pump Storage:

Large-hydro

Pump Storage: Lift irrigation

Ice Storage

Wind: Onshore

Biomass: Cogeneration

Mini Hydro: Low head

Small Hydro

Wind

Biomass

Solar

Geothermal

Ocean

CSP

Storage

Biomass: Co-firing

Transport Electrification

Transport

Hydrogen Storage

2050+

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES

� Renewable Energy Development

� The Progress

14

TypeCommissioned Energy Permit

Projects MW Projects MW

Small Hydro 183 357.11 77 138.10

Dendro 3 10.50 9 39.74

Agro Waste + Biogas 4 13.08 1 0.13

Municipal Waste - - 3 23.40

Solar 8 51.36 2 20.00

Wind 15 128.45 2 101.10

Total 215 565.54 94 322.47

Installed

Capacities

(@25 Oct 2017)

Cumulative Capacity

Additions and Number

of SPPs of NRE

(during 1997 – 2015)

Solar PV rooftop - Net-metering: > 6,000 (> 50 MW)

Source: SLSEA

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES

� Renewable Energy Development

� Policy Targets:

� Electricity: NRE 20% by 2020

� Environment: Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs)

� GHG reduction of 20% (4% unconditionally and 16%

conditionally) during 2020-2030 from all energy sector NDCs

Mitigation actions in NRE

- Establishment of 910 MW new renewable energy plants:

Wind = 514 MW; Solar = 115 MW; Biomass = 105 MW

small hydro = 176 MW;

- Strengthening policies to increase share of NRE from the

existing 50%, to 60% in 2020 and to maintain till 2030.

� Other mitigation sectors:

- Industry: Continue fuel switching from furnace oil to biomass

- Transport: Electric vehicles; Railway electrification

- Waste: Waste to energy (WtE) programmes.15Source: NDCs, Ministry of Environment

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES

� Rational Use of Energy

� Both Energy Management and Knowledge Management.

� The basic concept:

16

Use Efficient Equipment

kWh

Use Equipment Efficiently

Technology Interventions

Systems and Behavioral Changes

ENERGY

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES

� Rational Use of Energy

� Strategic interventions:

1717

Sector Strategic Intervention

Power Diverse and

optimum RE

based

electricity

generation mix

Efficient

energy

storage

systems

Transmission

network system

for absorption &

dispatch of REs

Distribution

network for

decentralized

generation and

utilization of REs

Transport Avoid / reduce

demand

Modal shift Improve

efficiency

Cleaner fuels /

REs

Domestic System

improvements

& organizing

Less energy

intensive life

style

Energy efficient

appliances

Green building /

Self generation -

REs

Industry &

Commercial

System and

Structural

improvements

Enhance

production

and resource

efficiency

Energy efficient

processes &

technologies

Green building /

Increase use of

REs

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES

� Rational Use of Energy

� Energy Management Plan (EnMaP)

1818

Area Interventions

Regulation

Accreditation of Energy Manager / Energy Auditor

Mandatory Energy Auditing / Consumption Data Reporting

Energy Efficient Building Code

Energy Labelling of Appliances

Fuel Economy Labelling for Vehicles (Proposed)

Services

Sector specific energy efficiency programmes (e.g. Hotels, Tea)

Provide instruments for energy auditing

Project formulation and implementation through ESCOs

Establishment of Regional Center for Lighting (RCL)

Energy audits (e.g. for government sector)

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES

� Rational Use of Energy

� Energy Management Plan (EnMaP)

1919

Area Interventions

Awareness & Education

Introduction of Energy subject to school curricula

Establishment of School Energy Clubs (SECs)

Training for pre-school teachers / development of educational materials

Scout Proficiency Programme on Energy Conservation

Energy and Environment Course for Journalists

Energy-Saving Kitchen programme for females/housewives

General and specific training and awareness programmes

Education for Sustainable Consumption & Production (ESCP) - Proposed

National Energy Efficiency Awards ceremony, Energy Exhibition and

Symposium

Financing

Establishment of soft loan scheme for RE & EE Project implementation

Sustainable Guarantee Facility

Subsidies for energy efficient appliances

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES

� Rational Use of Energy

� Programmes & Activities

20

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES

� Rational Use of Energy

� Programmes & Activities

21

Snakes & Ladders Board

on Energy Saving

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES

� Rational Use of Energy

� Energy Labelling of Appliances

Compact Florescent Lamps (CFLs)

Ceiling Fans

Florescent Lamb Magnetic Ballasts

Tubular Fluorescent Lamps

Domestic Refrigerators

rAir-Conditioners

Electric Motors

LED Lamps

Computers

2017

2009

22

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES

� Rational Use of Energy

� Energy Labelling of Appliances

23

SUSTAINABLE ENERGY INITIATIVES

� Rational Use of Energy

� National targets:

24

SectorAnnual Saving

(GWh)

Efficient Air Conditioning 85

Efficient Lighting 390

Efficient Refrigerators 160

Efficient Chillers 40

Efficient Motors 85

Efficient Fans 300

Green Building 45

Smart Homes 140

Total (by 2020) 1245 (10%)

Further, DSM is identified as one

of the seven mitigation actions of

the energy sector NDCs to be

implemented during 2020-2030

25

Thank You