5-jamaica psl mbm proposals

8/6/2019 5-Jamaica PSL MBM Proposals

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through Port State institutional arrangementsthrough Port State institutional arrangements

By Eric E. Deans

College of Earth, Ocean and EnvironmentUniversity of Delaware

Presented by: Mr. Eivind Vagslid

International Maritime Organization



• Introduction and Background

• Choosing Between ETS And Emissions Fee

• Jamaica’s ro osal

•Proposed Institutional Arrangements

• Satisfaction of evaluation criteria



• A ro erl desi ned Emissions Tradin Scheme ETS can be

an effective quantity based mechanism to reduce GHG

emissions from ships.

– However, the Second IMO GHG study estimated inventories with

a 20% margin of error

– Another recent study also calculated inventories with an accuracy

of ± 20%

• A quantity based mechanism (ETS) with such a high margin

of error would invite credibility questions.

• A price based mechanism can be just as effective in

reducin GHG emission and is more a ro riate in the

shipping context.



Choosing between quantity and price Choosing between quantity and price mechanismsmechanisms

• Cap and Trade restricts the quantity of a pollutant emitted via

tradable permits.

• Emissions from ships in 2006 estimated at 1008 MT with a

margin of error of 20%.

• A carbon tax or emissions fee requires a payment for every

tonne of CO emitted.

• Environmental economists have argued that in situations

,

CO₂ emissions, and where the marginal abatement cost is

uncertain a rice control mechanism ma be advanta eous to

quantity control mechanism (Weitzman 1978).



ARGUMENTS FOR A PRICE ARGUMENTS FOR A PRICE MECHANISM FOR SHIPPINGMECHANISM FOR SHIPPING

• When CO2 target unknown use carbon tax.

• Applicable to new and existing ships.

• Able to audit consumption declared by each ship and

calculate emission.

• Particularly well suited to address the multi‐ jurisdictional

.



Jamaica Pro osalJamaica Pro osal

• Throu h an IMO lobal a reement all countries

authorized to levy a uniform emissions charge on all

vessels calling at their respective ports.

• The fee would be structured to achieve the global .

• Ship itself targeted with an emission fee as it arrives in port, irrespective of the owner, operator or charterer, and thus provides an easily administered

.

• Audited b STEEM or similar model



How it would workHow it would work

• The amount of fuel consumed onboard ships is routinely monitored

.

•

Larger vessels have fuel flow meters that can record fuel .

on sounding tanks with a lower level of accuracy.

• m ss ons ca cu a e ase on ue consume ur ng voyage o

arrive at the port.

• esse wou pay requ re em ss on ee n o accoun es a s e

with authorized global agency.

• Amount paid would be audited to ensured reported consumption

(emissions) within certain limits based on voyage parameters,

vessels IMO number shi attributes efficienc discounts.

• Receipt would be inspected by Port State officials.



• The STEEM was developed at the University of

Delaware by Wang, Corbett et al and could be

modified for auditing ship emissions.

• Other models such as SeaKLIM developed by Paxian

et.al may also be used.



Estimate & Assi n EmissionsEstimate & Assi n Emissions

Ship Attributes

egment

engt

rea

Emissions from Each Ship Trip

Emissions in Each Segment



SUMMARY AND FURTHER WORKSUMMARY AND FURTHER WORK

• Jamaica proposal (MEPC 60/4/40) seeks to achieve reduction State arrangements.

• ou app y o vesse s ca ng a respec ve por s.

• Utilizes voyage estimating software such as the ship traffic, energy and environment model, STEEM to audit compliance.

• This Port State Lev ro osal has been reco nized as havin

some merit but it was suggested that it would be impractical

for certain administrations to implement.

• To overcome this scepticism, a prototype of the STEEM

concept in a Port State environment would need to be

developed to demonstrate its ease of use and universality.



MMARY AND F RTHER W RKMMARY AND F RTHER W RK •

display at GHG‐WG 3.

'

consumption and emissions of every vessel. It is important to

note that the ro osed technical and o erational measures.

(EEDI and EEOI) will also require some form of auditing

mechanism at the Port State level to ensure compliance with

any adopted standards.

• Jamaica believe the rocess would benefit from the

completed prototype, even at a later stage.



For more information on Jamaica’s proposal and its

further development please contact:

Eric E. Deans

University of Delaware

: .

Tel: (302) 690‐1210 mobile

5-jamaica psl mbm proposals

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