4_vacuumology

7/27/2019 4_Vacuumology

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Total slides: 37 Presentation time: 1,30 Hours

VACUUMOLOGY

Presented by : Diego Nicolini (Disan)Claudio Pozzati (Elmo Rietschle)Luca Ligas (Elmo Rietschle)


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1 International Congress 11-14 January 2007

Content of theContent of the vacuumologyvacuumology

1. Basic definitions (vacuum, motor)

2. Interaction between forces - How the vacuum works -Technical about fluids

3. How many kind of motors Anatomy of a single phase Disan Motor Anatomy of a three phase Disan Motor


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Basic definitions (for vacuum)Basic definitions (for vacuum)

1. Vacuum Power (mbar)

2. Airflow

3. Airloss

4. Airwatts

5. Dynamic vacuum

6. Orifice

7. Other techniques information


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Basic definitions (for motors)Basic definitions (for motors)

1. BYPASS COOLING

2. THROUGH-FLOW MOTOR

3. S IDE CHANNEL BOWER ( SCB )

4. MOTOR

5. FREQUENCY CONVERTER


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Anatomy of the DISAN singleAnatomy of the DISAN single --phase motor phase motor

BYPASS COOLING


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THROUGH-FLOW MOTOR


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S IDE C HANNEL B OWER ( SCB )


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HISTORY OF


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1903 - Inventing the

Liquidring-Pump


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1961 - Inventing the SCB


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elmo vacuum technology

GmbH

Founded

Elmo Vacuum Technology Gmbh

October 2000


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nash_elmo IndustriesMay 2002

Merger

NASH Engineering CompanyElmo Vacuum Technology Gmbh

nash_elmo Industries Gmbh

Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps


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Gardner Denver Elmo

TechnologyJuly 2004, nash_elmo comes in

Gardner Denver Elmo Technology Develops, Produces and Commercializes

Side Channel Blowers Liquid Ring Vacuum Pumps

Tailor-made Vacuum System


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Elmo Rietschle Products

Rotary Vane Pumps

Liquid Ring Pumps

Side Channel Blowers

Rotary Lobe Pumps (Roots)

Claw Pumps

Screw Vacuum Pumps

Engimeered Solutions


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Unterbrecher

Housing with impeller...


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Environment friendly (no polluting flows)

Maintenance free Compact & low weight Robust, optimized design Extreme little vibration in operation

Low noise emission Installation in all directions possible Voltage-range motors for 50 / 60 Hz UL / CSA (UL507 and CSA22.2 No.100) approved IP55 Temperature class F (DURIGINIT IR 2000) Frequency converter operation Insensible to humid and dirty flows

Advantages at a glance...


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ATEX design All ATEX approved machines

are manufactured in accordance with categories 3D, 3G, 3/2D and3/2G.

comply with temperature class T3 (with a (surface) temperature of max. 125C) fulfill the requirements of type of protection IP55

(type of protection IP65 for category 3/2D) have a fixed voltage supply at either 50 or 60 Hz


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Frequency converter...Energy saving

No operation with overcapacity necessary Adjustment to required power no bypass control necessary higher efficiency of the SCB

Process optimization

Power optimization to the process requirements Control loop: Pressure control

Less required space up to 3-times more power at same size

Reduced variance one SCB can cover various sizes

1 I i l C 11 14 J 2007


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SCB with FC


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Mode of functioning energyconverter ...

Mechanical EnergyElectrical Energy

voltage, current speed, torque

Basics of Asynchronus motor


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Advantages:z Simplez Robustz Cost efficient

z Low maintenance

Disadvantages:z Speed depends on themains frequencyz High inrush currentz Low starting torque

Basics of Asynchronus motor


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Basics of Frequency converter

Frequency Converter Technology

Basics of Frequency


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z The frequency converter converts the constant mains

supply into a variable mains with variable voltage and

variable frequency.

z Voltage and frequency are changed, proportionally to

another, up to the maximum frequency converter output

voltage (= mains voltage)

Basics of FrequencyConverter Technology

Functional principle


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Overview

Advantages

z Increasing power density of standard blowers

z Cost reduction Energy savings

z Process optimization

z Operational reliability


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Increasing power density

Vacuum Total pressure difference p [mbar] Pressure

S u c

t i o n c a p a c

i t y V

[ m / h ]

Characteristic diagramSCB

without F.C.

2.2 kW 50 Hz

Characteristic diagrammSCB

with F.C.

2.2 kW 86 Hz

Advantages


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Cost reduction

Blower load according to the

nominal power


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z AC motors for 220V/380V, 50Hz can, if used with a frequency converter,can be operated at 380V / 87Hz when they are connected in delta.

z Minimal frequency admitted: 25-30 Hz

z The speed will be thereby increased by 173%z The power will be increased by 173%.

z The frequency converter must be sized according to the increased

power.z Example: a 2,2 Kw / 50Hz motor for star connection delivers 3,8 Kw at

87Hz if connected in delta

Increasing power density of the blower (87Hz operation)

Advantages

C


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Product range

Frequency Converter Technology

A i d A ib


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z CSA and UL certified

z EMC conformityz RFI Filter class B

Standards and approvals

Accessories and Attributes

A i d A ib


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z Over-voltage protection

z Short-circuit protection

z Over-temperature protection of the converter

z Thermal motor-protection with PTC as standard on the integrated,optional on the external converters

Standard protection measures

Accessories and Attributes



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Technical data to keep in mind

1. Airflow for each operator at flexible hose end: 80/90 mc/hat inlet: 120/130 mc/h

2. Suction power during the operations dynamic vacuum:whatever inlet: 120/140 mbar

2. Air speediness range in all the tubing : 15-25 mt/sec.

2. Tubing 50 keeps 1 operator

3. Tubing 63 keeps 2 operators

4. Tubing 80 keeps 4 operators

5. Tubing 100 keeps 5/6 operators



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The vacuum is the consequence of two values: SUCTION POWER and AIRFLOW

Vacuum = Depression and Airflow

The suction power or depression is a negative force, that we get extending the space containing thesame quantity of molecules, getting a different density in comparison to atmospheric pressure around.The value can be measured in mbar or in inch/H 2O 100 mbar = 40,147 inches/H 2O (39,2F)

The airflow is the quantity of air passing through a duct in a certain lapse of time.It is normally measured in m 3 /h or Cubic Feet per Minute CFM :

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

40035030025020015010050

S u c t

i o n

P o w e r

Airflow

VACUUM CURVEThe combination of every

single value yields the

vacuum curve


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How to move on the vacuum curve?

Modifying the orifice, thus the bottleneck or duct where the air flowsOrifice zero means there is no passing air and so suction power is maximal.Orifice totally open means the airflow is maximal and vacuum power tends to zero

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

S u c t

i o n p o w e r

322515,8106,350

40

50

35

63

40035030025020015010050

Airflow

BEST ORIFICEThere is an orifice on curve

where the efficiency between

airflow and suctionpower is maximal

APPROXIMATIONThe orifice is not only

given by the end of thetubing or hose, buteven by airloss (resistance)

of the piping network



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What is AIRWATT?

An Airwatt is a measurement used to determine the actual cleaning capability of avacuum system . This is the measurement that is recognized by the AmericanSociety of Testing and Materials (ASTM) . The mathematical formula for anairwatt is as follows:

Suction power (in inches of water) x Airflow (in CFM)8.5

In decimal values:

Suction power (in mbar / 2,54) x Airflow (in m 3 /h /1,69)8.5

for example an SCB 2.2kw = (150/2,54) x (183/1.69) = 752 airwatts (W)8,5

Thats mean that suction alone does not make a vacuum clean efficiently , italso requires airflow (movement) to pick up dirt.

Higher airwatt ratings mean higher airflow and suction , resulting in better cleaning efficiency .

The result of, airwatt / absorbed power ratio = efficiency pumps.



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Calculating at every historic point the Airwatts we have the airwatts curve

Vacuum (in inches of water) x Air Flow (in CFM)8.5

Transformed in our common values:Vacuum (in mbar / 2,54) x Air Flow (in m3/h /1,69)

8.5

0

120

240

360

480

600

720

105907560453015

A i r

W a t

t

Orifice (mm)

S u c t

i o n p o w e r

Airflow


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By effect of airloss the vacuum curve moves towards down, with emphasis on the airflow and less onsuction power, which at orifice zero tends to be the same.

Thus for diminishing of both factors even the airwatt curve move downwards, and even the best orifice

0

120

240

360

480

600

720

84726048362412

A i r W a t t

Orifice in mm.

0

120

240

360

480

600

720

S u c t

i o n p o w e r

35030025020015010050

Airflow



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15 30 % for the filter (performance degree filtration stateof usage)

10 15 % in PVC solid network (without leaks!)

20 35 % in flexible hose (2-4% each meter)

Where is airloss in the CVS?



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Other parameters: Air Speed

What happens if air speed is too low:1. Risk of blockages, some heavy debris can stop in the tubing

and cause clogs

What happens if air speed is too high:1. The airloss is over proportional, for some physical laws the

system is inefficient2. The airflow make noisy whistles

Air speed should be not lower than 15 m/s,but not higher than 30 m/s



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Relation between Airflow Diameter Speed

27,63280

m/sDiameter mm. Airflow mc/hSpeedINPUT INPUT

8022400mm Air speed m/s Airflow mc/h

Diameter INPUT INPUT

1201750

mc/h Air speed m/sDiameter mm.

AirflowINPUT INPUT

Other techniques information



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Flow velocities in m/s for different volume flows and pipe diameters



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Influence of Altitude (Pressure Air density)

Every amount of air in our atmosphere is compressed by the mass of the air above. Since on sea level there ismore air above to compress the atmosphere than in a certain height, the ambient pressure obviously decreases withan increasing height.

Fig. 3.2.1. Thin layer of air in acertain height h

dp dh

h

h = 00 , 0

,


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Efficiency

The Motor and SCB efficiency is affected from:

Altitude

Air density

Temperature

Ambient Pressure



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Many thanksfor your attention

and

good luck!

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