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NOTES FROM THE FOREIGN LANGUAGE PRESS'fice use only)

Ukrainian April 21, 1954

BANDERA'S NATIONALIST GROUP SPLITS OVER HIS REFUSAL TO SUBMIT/

TO ALLEGED DIRECTIVES FROM "HOMELAND"

to replace those,contr011edby Bandera created a similar duplication.,

in the organization's apparatus. Finally, the exiled OUN units in

various Countries and their pepers'began to choose sides In the quar-

rel,thus carrying the split inta.the:Membership.

As reflected in the press the momentary situation in the OUN

'Crisis leaves the imPression''that the anti-Bancfera coup:d i etat 7 the-

sOUrce of which is 'Seen in the rival Foreign Representation Of the .

Ukrainian Supreme Liberation Council ' ( NVR)--found considerable sup-

port among OUN'elementsln MuniOn, ineluding , some of BanderOs close

•

The controversy between Stepan Sanders, head of the "Leadership"

of the Foreign Section of the Ukrainian Nationalist Movement (OUN),

and the two-man "Collegium of Plenipotentiaries," Dr: Lev Rebet and

Zynoviy Matla--who last February 12th, by exercising authority al-

legedly granted by the . OUN underground in the Ukraine, declared that

they Were disbanding the Foreign Section's Leadership and releasing `

its adherents from allegiance to it—,brought about a split in that

organization. After the German court recognized the licensee : Modest

:FApecky, a Rebet-Matla man, as the owner of the Munich OUN organ;

Ukrainskyl Samostiynyk, the pro-Bandera "Leadership" had to start,.'

lta'own,publication l Shlyakh Peremohy (The Way to Victory). The for• 1. . 'nation of new Foreign Section's organs:by,the Rebet-Matia,"Collegium"

AV-493

associates. However, outside of Germany the01IN units seem to have

been unpleasantly surprised by these events and are mostly rallying

behind the Bandera leadership against a threat of a possible chaos.

Thus, the Paris pro-Melnyk Ukrainske 51 ovo of April 4th appraises

the situation as follows:

"Today" the Bendera camp is absolutely on an offensive. It ishard to decide today which side iti) stronger, but it seems that moreof the rank-and-file cadres remained with Bandera. At present, itis difficult to predict how it will be tomorrow."

Bandera t s Disobedience to the "Law of the Homeland" Condemned .-

The March 7th Ukrainskyi Samostiynyk carries several statements

• issued by Rebet and Matla as the two-man "Collegium" informing the

OUN membership in exile how Stepan Bandera "disobeyed" the Orders'of

• the "homeland" and attempted "to create a diversion within the OUN

ranks." The series of documents begins with a "decision of the OUN"

•Leadership in the Ukraine" of last Summer, by which a committee of .

three, including Rebet, Matla and Bandera,'was instructed to carry. -0 . .

out a "reorganization" . of the OUN Foreign Section in accordance with

the directives. of the "Leadership" at home. It reveals how Bandera,

after prolonged negotiations, consented last December to particaate

• in the:work of the committee and helped to formulate its program,

only to leave, it shortly afterwards. This fact; it is said :, forced

• the other two members to proclaim themselves as a two-man "Collegium

.of Plenipotentiaries" in order to tarry out the homeiand!S . instruc-

tions without Bandera, The last of the documents, signed by Y.

Lemish, alleged to be the "Head of the OUN Leadership in the Ukrain-

ian . Lands t " declares that Bandera "is not the OUN • Leader either'for7

Mally or actually," and urges him to "discontinue his disruptive.

ections ..," '

•

AV-493 -3-

An editorial comment . , headlined "Obedience to the Law," stresses

these noteworthy points:

(1) that Bandera ceased to be the Headof the CCN in 1943, when

he resigned from that office, and .that later on, in June,• 1953, the

Fourth Conferenee of the OUN Foreign Section took the stand that the

OUN Leadership existed in the Ukraine;

(2) that, accordinilly, the ouN Leadership in the homeland has

"complete authoritr i to decide all Matters pertaining to the OUN'

'Foreign Section, whose LeaderShip is obligated to carry out the

nomeland t.s decisions without reservation;

(3) that for a long time-there was a state of conflict betweenr.

' "a part of the Foreign Section's Leadership" and "the so-Called

internal opposition.," and th this situation caused the Leadership

in the Ukraine to ordera reorganization of the Foreign Section by

a three-member coMmittee;

(4) that,. after a short period of cooperation with the other

: two members of the committee, Bandera and "a part of the Foreign

Section's-Leadership" began to insist upon their "autonomy" and to

,roceed with a reorganization on theirown by;removing.members of

the LeaderShip:and by making other . changes independently of-the:cern-

,mittee of three;

- (5) that this behavior of Bandera forced the two other members •

.of_the T3mmitiee . to take upon themselves thecontinuation_of the

'reorganization work as a two-man "collegium" with the 'Understanding'

that Bandera Would be free to return whenever he chose to do: sef,

Commenting.ohLeMish's Statement which denies that Bandera is

the OUN Leader and condemns his disruptive, actions, the. weekly

AV-493 -4-

observes:

"The above document of the OUN Leadership in the HomelandvealS that for a long time the homela:Id took critical'attitudetoward what was being done by Bandera in exile. There were manyattempts to correct this. Even an internal opposition mov'ementemerged from these circumstances and made efforts to influence fromwithin Bandera's policy, backed faithfully and stimula.ted by YaroslavStetsko...Various methods were used: long debates were conducted,during which Bandero l s old-time friends and political co-workerssought to change his mind. Nevertheless, Bandera held to his posia:tion. He stubbornly continued to proceed along his course disre-garding the opinions of homeland and of the leading OUN members inexile:" .

•

Cooperation with UHVR Established

UkrainSkvi Samostiynyk of March 14th carries a communique of

the Rebet-Matla "Collegium" announcing the appoihtment of a new

Political Council of the OUN Foreign Section. The list'of its mems

bers includes such Well-known Supreme Liberation Council (UHVR)

'leaders as Rev. Ivan Hrynioch and .Vladimir Stachiw, together with

some Bandera Opponents from the 011a outfit. Another communique of

the same issue, signed by UHVR 'representatives And the tWo,member

' itollegium," as well as the representatives of the new OUN Foreign

Section's organs, discloses that the:UHVR Foreign Representation

and • the':OUN Foreign Section entered into an aOre-ement Of cooperation.-

The communique quotes the text Of a message from the OUN organs'

--addressed to MykOla Lobed, the UHVR's foreign secretary, ip which

- the authority of the UHVR Foreign Representation is recognized in -

. all matters in which it was dinied till now by the Bandera-led OUN

Organs. .Theseare:• .

:

,"(1) to represent abroad the Ukrainian Supreme LiberationCouncil lUHVIO,'the Ukrainian Insurgent Army (OPA),, the Ukrainian .

'Liberation 'Underground and the entire liberation movement in the.Ukraine; . •

•"(.2) to condUCt political-dtplomatic,and propaganda actipnsabroad along the lines of the Ukrairian'liberation.mOvement'at home:"

of the homeland's OUN Leadership, the ,UHVR Foreign Representation was

to represent the Ukrainian liberation movement abroad,'take care of

diplomatic and foreign-political activities, also organize actionsA

in support of the liberation movement at home, while the OUN Foreign

Section was to devote itself to political education of its member-

ship and the exiled community in general, as well as to Propagand-

izing the liberation Movement abroad. It hints that the present

cooperation will be effected along these lines.

"Foreign" Hand in Rebet-Metla Action Hinted

While, all moves of the Rebet-Matla "Oollegium" apparently aim

confronting"Bandera:and his followers, with a new otp, apparatus

-abroad, dominated by an alliance of the . CON opposition elements with

the UHVR leaders, poPularilY known as the "Lebed-ists," the Bandera

camp, on its part, concentrates mainly on efforts to preserve 'the

continued loyalty of the' exiled CON membership by exposing the 'rival

action as an illegal l'diversionist intrigue" undertaken in the

interests of "foreign factors.", The task is aided by the fact that

' the. Majorities in the Leadership and in the OUN Supreme Council .

AV-493 -5-

4/elc9ming the OUN-UHVR agreement, the weekly comments:

"For the first time since the UHVR came to life, that is to say,-since its foreign representation began to act, the latter was as-sured of the OUN Foreign Section's support in such a clear manner.

"Till now, it was not so. Formally, the Foreign Section of theGUN recognized the Foreign Representation of the UHVR, but it neverbacked its words by deeds. Since 1945, these two formations of theUkrainian revolutionary movement were involved in bitter quarrelsover the authority, particularly over the role of the Foreign Repre-sentation.. .As a matter of fact, the Foreign Representation neverhad any support from the Foreign Section and was mostly forced tofight with it for its prestige.".

The paper states that, in accordance with the 1950 suggestion

AV-493 -6-

apparently remain loyal to Bandera.

• As already reported, the February 16th communique of the Foreign

Section's Leadership branded the action of the "Collegium" as "il-

legal" and , contrary to the will of? the OUN authorities in the

homeland." A similar message to the OUN membership abroad, issued

on February 24th by the Foreign Section's Supreme.Council, condemned

. -the "wilful" action of Rebet and Matla as "aiding foreign, non-

Ukrainian factors hostile to the Ukrainian liberation cause."

AnOther argument used by thepro-Bandera camp is its claim that

the UriVR leaders with whom Rebet and Matla made a deal are "pro--

• Marxist" and,agents of foreign, particularly American:, intelligence.. “

Accusations against the UrIVR men of pro-Marxist tendencies, appearing11

often in pro-Bandera publications, are mainly based 611 the editorial

,policies of the Munich Suchasna Ukraine, the UHVR organ, Which ac-

cepts certain economic and social features of the Soviet system. The

charge is also raised in the February 26th resolution of the dON

District Leadership in Great Britain, where it is said

"On the basis of certain current facts, in particular the writ-ing of Suchasna Ukraina, we conclude that the Foreign. Representationof the liHVR takes a pro-Marxist position and propagates it, thus•harming the Ukrainian liberation movement. In'view of this apparentfact, the two-man committee was forced....to admit certain 'errors'of the UHVR Foreign Representation And its organ, but it did notcondemn them..."

. The most recent contribution to the campaign of compromising

the Bandera opponents by discrediting their UHVR allies as agents of

foreign intelligence is the publication in the March 28th issues of

the Paris Ukrainets7Chas and the Munich Shlyakh Peremohy of an ."Open

: Letter" from the Pails weekly's( editor, Danylo ChaykOvSky, to Zenon

•;-- •

1

AV-493 -7-

Pelensky of the Munich Ukrainskyi Samostiynyk. Pelensky remained

s../i.th that weekly after its publisher threw his support to the Rebet-

Matla "Collegium" against Benders. The "open letter" consists mostly'

of quotations from Pelensky's letters sent to Chaykovsky during the

Jest five years, in which the writer repeatedly expressed his in-

dignation over UHVR's receipt of "sewer money" for its alleged ser-

vices for U.S. intelligence. For example, a letter by Pelensky of

February 17, 1952, is quoted by Chaykovsky thus:

"Personally. I have no doubts that the entire UHVR ForeignRepresentation-racelves sewer money. In particular, I do not believeand will never believe that the $7,000 received from the UkrainianCongress Committee of America would be sufficient to toyer alltheir expenses. They ate up that money a long time ago, and theydid not receive any new money from the Congress Committee,, If notfor their sewer obligations, even such characters as Wreciona,'Captain' Martinec and Hrynioch would not dare to consent to re-cruiting parachutists for the AmerileOs from amidst universitystudents. But they consented to'i ndtook part in recruiting menfor such a flegion'."

Pelensky answered Chaykovski with a statement in Ukrainskyi

Samostiynyk Of March 28th, in which, he branded his friend's revel-

ations as "indecent:falsification." The charge was repudiated by

Chaykovsky in Ukrainets-Chas Of Apra 4th, where he accepted Pelen-

sky's challenge thatthe matter be submitted to arbitration. Chay-.

kovsky-added that, Should Pelensky fail to,substantiate his charges

of "falsification" in ' the'coUrse of the ' next three months, he would

publish Pelensky's letters in their entirety So that the.Ukrainian

community could draw its own conclusions.

i

•••• •

•

V..:

•

,

(FSIS, Hay 3, 1950 RESTRICTED)

. I

,

.

.I

.

Comment an Bandera's Appearance. . •

0.,. R--.) •. • .. : \ ,

• !

1ZYCIE WARMAWY (nonparty), carries an article discussingtha news thatSte an.Bandera,.the notorious.-Ukrainian fascist, the spiritual leader of .

•

,

l' the 3S Qa izien, leader of the UPA (Ukrainian insurgent'arAY), gailty of

L the death of tent: of thousands of Poles, has, come Olt of hiding near Munich

1 in Bavaria. The author of the article discusses Bandera'sYtalk with the

I so7cal3.ed representatives he restern press; In this talk Bandera' 1 ' stated that be was willing to give his support: and help to thellestern

Powers if, of course the Wattern Powers abandon their attemPt to-maintain -lawfUl relations pith Russia.

-■

"Commenting aa this, the author of the artiale'states:' 'Gen. Guderien,the same man who thoraighly destrcriedlarsaw;' : i6 now reorganizing - the .General Staff of the U.S. Armk.Shefed! . Benderti;.an obedient agent of,itlezob and traitor to the Ukrainian :Nation,. the- murderer of tens ot ..•! •

thousands of Poles, comes but intb thec'epen with the permission of the.,.S. 'authorities. • .

"Of course, I an mystified ity. the Vdice..of America has not yet broadcast-the news in Polish, the news Of the career's of the Nazi:general, Heinz.uderian, and the Nazi, Stefan Bendera. - , Ia it that the Voice of America. -

i gnoring the appeal Of President Truman end Scretaty of State Achesspread the truth about . the'nel*and her 'po1icy110 .1

. •■

-•,

,

:(FUIS Swims/7, May 1, 1950 RESTRICTED)

BANDA 3tefm USSR

' ZYCIE WARSAZAWY announces that Stefan Ranaark has appeared in the ,WesternGermany l'sith the permission of the U.5. authorities" and couples this"notorious Ukrainian fascist" with Gen. Guderian, the destroyer of Warsaw,who is now "reorgnizing the general staff of the U.S.. Arty." The paperwonders why the Voice of .Aierica harpilotbroadcast , this nowt to. Poland,in lino with President Truman's appeal that the truth abcatt American

licy be spreadrebroad.::

USSRBANDERA, Stepan

Christian Solana@ Wcinitor April 21, 1950

11k-r. aitiian Rebel ilicIes.Aff-ainAfter Brief Talk in Germanirl:

rtr." . Av 4110 1Aild yr,'

1920's agoimi Poland and Ir„Heidelberg, Germany early'A reputed leader 61 a Ukrain- Russiav.an indcPandent

"Ian glierrilla movement against Ukraine .-Ono stor:,• , !, ‘svs the Acniv,

the Soviet .Union has vanished that he par led in theagain in Germany as suddenly as assassination ol. Polishinterior

appeared. Minister Bronisiaw Pieracki inhe 1934, was arrested and ventenced.;American intelligence author- to a tong prison term. •Wes said they had no idea Where 'It has been established that'to find Stepan -Bandera, .a mys- he was treed by advancing Ger-tery lighter wheseTaTi71; to be the man troops in 1939, authorized tomilitary chief of anti-Bolshevilc

Ukrainians. - form the organization of Ukrain-sass Nationalists, and -brought to

Eandera came oulcof hiding Germany. He reportedly did notlong enough recentl y to appeal fight against Russia but workedtor western allied sufiport. of u p - . ' •derground movement, fighting the illegal)'Soviet regime in eastern Europe. Fought Nazis

He talked to five ne■rs ooree "He reportedly seas, as' bythe Germans again Ana int-promnect. Alter a short period, he

"IL WaS not known to usthael!..,..'nen•1 Y-Reports in 1947 said the UPABandera wan .,•ermany. The:t.t nett been decimated and scat-• first We hear( v"s fro nt- tered .tri— Polish and Russiancorrespondents. troops,,2Several hundre.1 ragged

Bandera took • elaborate pre- "banneZevici" fled to German),cantons. in corning out of hiding. at thatlirne: : • 4' 'The selected group of corre-spondents first received calls frontthe Ukrainian Notional ;Commit-tee, a group representing Ukrain-ian displaced persons in Germany.

The correspondents were told togo to a Munich. café. There theywere met by a member of the s

, Ukrainian committee and packed , .Into two cars.

I Outside Munich they changedears and drivers and Wound up in

o I a tiny inn at Grenwald, A suburbof -Munich. Several men withbulging pockets guaizied the cafe.

"Bandera will come," the cor-. ,mg4Bnedeitts.,,ty ere It

• He did so after about 15 min-,

atabs. gave his interview, andthen left as mysteriously as he

, ' •canue.Sanders retused- to nay how

• long he had been in Germany, orhow he moved around. He saidhis guards always accompaniedhim.. He said he had, no eonnee-

• Sons with the ijnited States ArmycounterintelliOnce corps

! The Munzinger Achiv;;a Ger-

st Bander.. is an "obscure It-n biographical nulffifekt14-

ure, \said, to have fought e

, spondents in a secret rendezvous.Then, telling the newspapermento wait . 10 minutes,- he departed

'With a group of nine armed body- was set free on the premise Inguards, fight the Russians. He again

fought the Germans, however,Mereatouts Unknown' The Unitee withStates Army an- his partisans."

toduneed officially: Bandera confirmed this in the'

- "We know nothing about the interview, sayin g, GI refused tocollaborate with the Gellman} and.presence of Bandera in the United

States zone. = • .; cl-l'ePedsaidnhjeanduiragt,ed19t4h5e"Ukrain,t The United States High Com- Partisait Army. tUPA1 whichmission's imellig '"°' divisionsaid: had,.in 1945. a strength of fin0,000

•

BiVIDMA, Stepan USSR

News Review, April 13, 1950

• • •

was taking no chances.Reporters who wanted to see him

• last week were screened and taken .Vrom a Munich cafe to another-pointkin the city. They were made toChange cars and taken to a nearbyvillage. • A , squad of husky, armed

• bodyguards stood by While Handersspoke through an interpreter.

• ." Thre will be," he said, ." a blood-revolution everywhere that Corn-

.

' ' . -r" •

-

± ;7.

-,,...nacc,:.s;; so -far:"7thisZrAp4-mannered,Lbalding man's, idea of -an -Vndependent Ukraine has beenlongyed. He has been the centre. ofa scans, of Eastern European plots In -

, the past 311 years.

t,

„,.• Today. While , he Is in hiding near'

• Munich with his -wife, three children .

guerillaa

bandsfew faithful

operate arounfollower

esvov.. hi.g

,r

,giariing his fight .against—both.. • Russia and PU1h1is1922Bandeta

Voillat-eiteglit"Clbtil 1934.. Hamm-

ciai-rtainst then with Rus-

.WirsaW anth_tbeghisherrin-Laazis• freed hlin- fn 1910: alught Int

hTftriberillas .. agarnst -the_ge.r.iiiani •'Vier he found the Germans were ushait,hIm 1:•

Since -I\5. his malts enemy has been, Russia again. Now he describes him-

sell as a ;:wittler,polit.401411VAIR.r.rletrdr-l•75„ C l'VVINy ended, reporters-,r: '

zprz,st xtij tit . srIT -

BANDERA, Stepan

Christian Science Monitor, April 1, 1950

USSR

IJItrainian Rebel Lroes 'WestTo Help Overthrow Krem

. • Munich. GermanyStepan Bandera, reputed leader

of MI toritCommunist under-ground in the Soviet Ukraine,came out of hiding March 31 andrged western support for revo-utionary. groups he said wereplotting the overthrow of theRussian dictatorship.

He also warned that Russiawould Start a shooting war asanon as It could no longer gainthrough the cold war. He said hisgroup had intelligence reportsfrom inside Rustle telling ,of mo-bilization for total war.

These reports, he .said, prob-ably found their -way into thehands of the American CounterIntelligence Corps. He added helid not collaborate with the CIC.

In fact., Mr. Handers said, notoisly the Communists but also theCR, has tried to flnd him on occa-sion)

Newsmen invited to an inter-view at Mr. Bandera's heavily

: guar:fed hide-out high in the *-t vanan hills were taken there by v.istern Russia which onea secret route. During the journeythey changed tars twice to throwOff any possible shadowers.

Armed bodyguards surroundedBandera as he:

I. Urged the western powersto Tilt trying to • deal "legally".wilts Russia'and instead to beginsupporting the revolutionaryanti-Communist 'movement ,with-in Russia and Its satellites.•2. Promised that the •Ukrain.

iani would support the westernpowers in combat against Russiaif assured their • national . inde-pendence. • •

3. Predicted an eventual re-volt within the Soviet Unionwhich would overthrow the Cam-

of- the .6 so-called republIN,Inthe Soviet' Union. MI,__Bande,sasaid he waseiretodBend .OLtheOrgYniiiiion _Dr Ukrainian bia-notiabils and that his_grndiCka.fought since 1926 for national-In-dependence;--At - the' height -ot' lts power in1945, Mr. Handel-a said, his or-ganization had more than 200.000 •armed rneri' and enga ged several

•diV isions Of Soviet troops in corn-.bat.

Now, he said, the Soviet Armyhas reduced the Insurgents to

-small scattered bands waging a

‘gu•en'grleallnace‘.'Brufart, be eofass'aebr6ted"glhoneiSteare 15,000,000 Ukrainians

monist dictatorship... will, rally in revolt behinr/thisThe Ukraine la a start area in force "when the firoe; : ii •j••• •

6/4/48/kk

fror..tna r..:.rtIal ts th.0 r,,ferenee L:oncernin;_.,

...., , nztttier, i%ct:iar tho virrmider of the 15 r.er.r.rs• rr Cr.os Group no, .(r pv.• at no)

re-uont:- n thtCh........nunrters, nor hz,ve ery ..zuch 1:0,:;uestibeen filed 'with th, 7-.oard in Berlin-. The Office 01' thereputy -rect,or Ita,e11.164,ce, EU:a): has ropnrted however thut only n thecase of one Individual, Ctephan liandara, severe-1. hlj. tovict failitary;figurer, directly renue,ted his extradition in letterooto ■.13 . ..rray Officers •

,,'as x letter dilted 15 Octo:ior' from . Colonel (3;:neral `:F.3:0C11.:.11; to:C.eno:f. a.1 T .. D. Clay. In addition, per.sooa1 diecu ,seions took iilaCe . oi. Crie. sub-:;•toct between. toviet 41c1 ..15 Aro; Officers a nut■.ber of times..

, tone .:rninir the investigation of the prtitular ctses, °DUI,.it has. infolw.tica . only of U.:fr.': fifteen individual:. ,:.ientiomet.'.

snar,-,ely Par,ae:ra and (Sources. :A-401; Berlin, NIT 13, 1948,- SECRET).

The axtent to which US intelli;:ence .went to 141 .dancicra vtill be approcit...!c(• from. a ;:uotatidi;:- from their report to thia lassion.

,'he 'memorandum above I.preaented by fjolonel guring

•fiet::.-. ,,bor:191.1.6 to colonel .st tevene, Qiiof -of 6untor intelligence-.1.1.ranc:1,:nontaininy, charger. against Lk:zit:lora and is ,photagre.ph)contained an incomplete tt. of nine (9) pereon4 could.furnish information concerning the location of • Dtj. . uhly 5').of t . :rvle . p.orzons could be located. They were all cloaelriitterrOgoteelbut weren't able to suhrait any information- cancrid • the location of

4 . •.

"The .Y.ov-iet all 6 ,-,n tion that IS military autheri tier . .had pretendedto look for .during January 1947 whil:e, ivin hio s o,:•portunit:rto cr.er../.‘e is folee. ,,n'extcnsive . end ay,gressiie search beci.:nLev ..:40.1r 1946 -for . IL-aii);.;,"ta. -'-46plos S..11,a photogropo and- thedeacriptlen furnirled 'oir the .'..'oxiicts fia,l'hisbcd to all agents .1z, the . . •field. 'eckly progresc, report:, a:: se spot reports ,Y1c1:6•,,zmne.e..:.,_4_._::

.-frc !•,..;;;•.e; :17an., ".,r •

lead':

:al:. t.t. -.ray zivnt, top 01 i7 C;14.: "19 7 Lhe ;,-earcb cont:inue:.2- %.7+ '•

"3 r,.!nor'..„...1,,! to.11.:.".35* .t )0 , ; a .t.ite

Uk ; ,noh ;isTIO wars; i'di...)st .

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DEPARTMENT OF STATE DIVISION OF COMMUNICATIONS AND RECORDS TELEGRAPH BRANCH

Copy for Cs-Mr. Bea-.

ORP, BANDERA, S. (USSR, A11) FranktUrt, XaveMber 21, 147\

STX4T..:T

NO. b25

SULISKOT: . Offer of le/list/ince to the 7nitsd StatesAgainat the GS::qi on the Fart of DissidentUkrainians

•

E.

The lionorabiaSecretary of State,

Weabinzton':

Sirt-

aith reference to my desootch no '21-A of July )S,1947 entitled " riffer of Asstotonee to• the Vnited• States

• .k;R! ,i.Itt the TA.7,nr: 'on the :r.rt of . D1s3ident IThraihe. .. . '1 ••=c7,, the honor ta inform the De')ort.tent : thet the awls

.-.• man, whez, tame is now Alvan R3 Tarn* Bullm_naa:ZO,is presently lay-log .91E1ns, accordinp to a recent •Intel-

.1tenee report, for the 'formation of a. 11n :rationalOunrd (115:). Accordirw to thla report, W:IiIs theM.:rainien National i'eople i • Arrq (p gilA) would atIll be .the military arm Of the .74rainian National Republic(U1R) (the "government,in-exile" of Andreij . Levitzky or -.Levicki), the UNG would be a small, well.;organizod,

. soloist outfit to serve an a nucleusibr'lln expanded army

in the event of future eenruet. ria personnel Woladconsiet • of persons with Military background Including

'. former members of the Red Az 'Who wore forcibly induoted' • :-

when the tierVieti occupied the Ukraine., ...., .

7/bile the -relationship between -UZ:RA and MG Is not .• clear from the report, nor indeed the funotitn of the .

• latter in view of the existence of the former, it is

. ,stated that the fact of the UAG is intended "to be 1sooret except to top-level Officers, and. all tranaattions .. 1

, • will be earricd , on %oder the cloak of URA. "- Strr.cture,' •I .'strength and mothode . of operation are unknown at present, • !' • but further reporte are expected:

. . . .

. . .. . The roport conolUdes with . the•following paragraph.

' • comparing the UNBA and the so-called . WA oft. tefati ' •- .. ' EANDFIIA. : • .• • , A

. . . . . .• • ,.' • . . . • • ,.

.• ,*SULU and biaDIRA appeared to be inactive, over a'

period of nor* than six Months. During that , perioda . '.the rival . UPA, the milltary arm : of URITR, the Ukrainian...

' .

.• faOtion • '

• ;#

'

BECT,ET

faction beaded by Ftefan A ap•Aared to be moreactive.. ersvious information indicated that 11V-illsbovvra-hAnt Intends to effect independence of: the taRADFEthrough cooperation with k Creator power, and to refrainfrom efforts in that direction until such a power bocomesIr?lligerent against the SOVIET UNIOI. BANVERA, on. the°Vier hand, advocates action now, and cooperation withanother power only on equal terms, and not se a subardinate ally." •

Ln .triplicate to the DepartmentCo,)y .for . CE:tr. BeamCopies •tot

AmeriCan Ymbasey, MoscowAmerican Dahomey, London

(For Awbaesador Uurphyla Mr, Otfle)

File lio,820.02a.ErCorrigantho,

A ç1fd copy

HANDERA, Stephen

Generalissino end Commander in Chief of the CPA (Ukrajinska•

Porstalecka Armija - organized by B. from his former Banderovic and

has bean fighting as an organized unit since May 1944) and possible .

• President of the MYR ( Ukrainaka llolowna Viecralnia Rode - Ukrainian

Free People's RNgime) is in both the Polish and Russian Ukraine lo.oked

upon as the spiritual leader and natloaal hero of all Ukrr.inians. Yet,

• he sometimes approaches the statue of a JD ythical figure, for there are

but few Ukrainians who can actually lay claim to having ever seen him.both

The Priority A target of/the MVO and the Polish Political police , hated

by many of his own Ukrainians jealous of his power and hold over .his

nationals, he iscconetantly en route, frequently in disguise, always .

protected by- a stalwart wall of $R men, and never at any time one location .

for more :then a few days. Occasionally he is reported to have appeared

for brief, unannounced visits before Ukrainian groups throughout

.lturope, or for brief inspections among UPA troops in the Ukraine, but

his route for these trips is always veri cerefitlly guarded . eloret known

only to a very few high MR officials. A description of hia is almost

impossible to obtain.

Source: Inclosurk4tc‘Despatch189, October 5,1949, Frankfurt. SECRET

BENDERA,

fqc-r(New" York Times, September 13, 1947).

1,.5 Anti-Red Ukrniniansi.. . . ,.

i.., ;Are Seized in U. S. Zone: .• vitArockvar Atis 54.•■11.12 M.—Thirty-five armed 3nd'uniformed men who professed tobe anti-Communist 'Ukrainianswere arrested by United States

•'Constabulary troopers yesterdayafter illegally crossing the borderIrons Austria into American-ac-copied GerMany near Passau.,ItIndZ.tl. Stales ,Army officials saidip

Some of the captured men ex..'.: resied fear . they would be exe-cuted If Caught In .Russla or Po-land. They described themselvesis an advance party of • a large;group fleeing frora the intealliet .and eastern Poland.onstablilarYtroops have been alerted to watchor others. .- . .

The capturedniers,wearing iml- •forms described as Russian and. -Polish. said they came through.Poland; Czechoslovakia and theRussian raise a Austria In theiritourney to the Amer-icon zone.;They surrendered :without re-,*ranee to. the Americana

All carried rifles and came were .--- •reported to have machine guns.and grenades. Some described • ... .

. 'themselves as "fienderoviels" and. said they Were followers of a;White Russian (anti-soviet) gets- t.

for"*I TheY

namewerreed and 0 '. .

. , d_ _Bendera......... ' .'

..; ftensed as any Illegal border cross..., ..,•'as," a high Army official said: i

qs.ir ultimate . disposition hag,

a.. ?'-:elY7tia•.k?'.g4ined-e.-------...--- •. .

BANLERA, StPuan Anireevich aliasest Petr Borovsky

Sollicr-politician. Member, later chief of the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of

(ABN) ' Left the Ukraine for Germany about 1930-1933. Lives in West

Nations,Aince 1950. Formerly Assistant Chief of the Organization of Ukrainian__

Nationalists indPoland and in charge of its propaganda nepartMent, 1932-1935.

&extract= Tried and sentenced in a Warsaw Court in 1935; imprisoned until

,1939; freed by the Germans and headed, 0010 after a -split with the Melnik

:- •

faction since 1939r . Tdok,part Ar the proclamation of Ukrainian independence.

at wow 1941. Imprisoned by the Germane, 194171944. joined the Ukrainian

Partisan Army (UFA), ' 1944; resumed anti-Soviet struggle forUkrainianindepehdence• - '• • • • • • • .• • • ■

NIA 1r,t, 4:17.

,4`1"4"4f- `■1:.

SE(RET cONTROL U. S. OFFICALSSECURRINFORMATION•

HANDERA, Stepan AndreyevAch 5 December 1951

1. Place and data of birth: Born 1909,at Ugrinov, Kalushki region, StaniolavokDistrict, Dkraine.V tk,„ ed...6G6-1

2. Residence: Munich, Germany./ )

3. Education. and profession: Educated at the University of Krakow, Po1and.1/

4. Occupations:• -- -1932 Chief or propaganda of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationelists

(OUN).1/1932-1935 Assistant chief Of OUN and leader of its activities in Po1and.2/:1935-1939 Sentenced by the Warsaw Court to eight years in prison for illegal

political activities in 1935; freed by the Germans in 1939.2/ 4./'1939-date' After split with Mel inik faction of OUR, headed Organization of

Ukrainian Rationalist Revolutionists (orm,04,/ 2/ 2/1941 ,Associated ,with the proelamation,of Ukrainian independence at Lwow;-

----aofterwards-hisorganization-was-reportedto.be engaged...in bloody:'fights with other Ukrainion resistance groups, notabljr those ofBorovets;its well 8.0 with Russians, Poles anetermans4/

• 1941-1944 Imprisoned hY the Germans-in Sachsenhausen concentration'camp. for reeisting German restrictions 'on Ukrainian nationalists.

1944. Joined the Ukrainian Beeistance Army (UP) and resumed anti-Boviststruggle for Ukrainian ihdepondenceat ' 4,„..._4....;.4(jec,La.;46..

• 1945-date ' Living in the vicinity of Munich4g4dibting the operations of the- organizations --

5. Political affiliations: •a. Ukrainian Democratic Republio (URL), andIP. Ukrainian National Council (UNR) , .

Handera le organization conetitutos the only opposition group in theUNR, since they refused the invitation to join the ezecutiva.organ. They

' bad failed to obtain frowthe .UNR reCognition-for the'OHYR as enchargedwith the liberation fight in Ukrainian territory'./ Acdording to another

_source, disagreement arose from the desire of Bandera to- right all Russiandeverywhere and to 'split Russia into,numerous small. independent units, Whilethe UNR . ii opposed to a premature determination of Russia'a fUture.2/

o. 'Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN),.and-• • •d. Organization of Ukrainian Nationalist Revolutionists+ (OUN-R) (Handera)

The OUN, established in 1923, broke into tWo..wings about 1940, the 'One headed by Mel!nik, former' chief of the whole organization,'And theother lea 1# Bandera.2/ The disunion , in OUR was said to be due to_BaUderalsdeterminetion to_hold fast ,..to . the„prracipled.of_dictatorshiP end conspiracyand to . permit_no . democratic ,Lcontrol of -financial ezpendithres.CallY, OUR-ft was.reported to support the ,Poncept of permanent revolution bythe UkraiUlen Peeple and a-permanent fight against Communist occupetion.V .Handers Was aecnsed of working Conspiratorial:17,U the pl) 'camps to build up .military formations : The''.4oMe-Souros-alleged4hat-LBander44$ersohnal-appeamed,-.---to'be working for-American, English and even Preneh .ifitreLligenee seriices.V. 1 '

. Negotiations fora reunion of MN were' carried on' between November 1949, -and Fetnnuury 1959 at the apartment A3f-Yaroalar ttetako in Mbuich with the

SECRET-CONTPOL U. S. OFFICIALS ONIY

"'41-WW4-4,'41 ''4'?:"t0:41P44t5g30:: TIANt.'4' 7'44'4

".0,••* ,

SKLT-CONTROL I,. S. OFF( IS ONLY1.2A2PEBAJ_ItaMILUALt.Y424 •

5, Political affiliations (continued)

Bandera security officer, K. Kononenko acting for his chief. The break-do4h of the negotiations was said to be Bandera's fear of losing hisdictatorial powers over his party42/

0UN-11. n429 under the jurisdiction of the OR314.1/e. Ukrainian Resistance Army (UPA)

The Galician Ukrainians Originated the guerrilla forces which makeup the Benders. movement42/ UPi claimed to have had one :eitlion membersIn 1943, but at the end of 1949, according to one source, its numbers had'fallen to 150,00041/ In March 1950 its strength was estimated as abouttwenty thousand men.6J

f. Ukrainian Supreme Libehttion Council (MVO' /44"-!. 42.4qorganized in November 1943 to unite all elements in the struggle for

tkrainian,independende, the UHVR claims jurisdiction over OR and the UPA,which it claims to. representpolitically. :-Only the Banderi_factiP17" of CONrecognizes its 1P0eiP4434.1/ ugm acts as governing body for the Ukrainiannationalist grouPs.:-.The -CoUnciI canitsted of General Taras'ChnprYinka, AsCommander-in4hitf of UPA1 Yaroslav Stetsko, responsible for Foreign Poll--tics and Propaganda; and.the Chairman ., Bandera.§/ After Ghupryinkals'death(ldarch.1950); Colonel V'f.syl Koval replaced him as commander of IIPA41/.

g. Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Natione (ABN)ON was founded to combine the struggles of the various nationalities

withia . tha,USSR , in order to overthrow Bolshevism and to establish newnational states within the ethnic borders of each nationality. The aotivi--'ties of. IPA are said to be . integrated closely . with the underground work of.

• ABN41/,41BN has a dual role: to support thelueirillararfare in the7. Ukraine and tO-conduct Propaganda at a4. Its chairman is Stetako.61,

. ABU. excludes Russian emigres, and bia not included Polish membera.-because of the territorial question. It has no Czechlmembers.§/• . It has been rumored that Bandera's adminietratiTie organ would' move

to;England, where the British would give it financial support to' keep theleaders "on Ice" for future amergethies.0/.Uhion of Ukrainian Youth (SUM)

• Thia'orgaSitation is said to be Of prime importance for its supportof the Bandera movement. SUM's activities. are carried on under the camau.-'flige of physical edUcation and'sPorte4 but hays as their function thecarrying on of Political education related to its political aspirationsfor, future Ukraine. SUM ip repOrted to be pc. o.-US and anti-Soviet. It is

. , said to have gronPi in ev Ukrainian community, especially - in the Ukrain-

ian DP camps in . Germany. '

.souscrs;

I/ state, Br595, Berlin; 13 Hai 1949,'Resirid'ed01k, S074745X Auguat1.950, .Secret/Contio143 Offioiale Only. .

'Army, SSU, "S4Semo, 7 opt,03e 1046, Sec:rat/Control. ' • '' CIA.; -00-Wi2373, . 1. Ingest . 1950y Confidential..

' SECRET.CONTRO I 11 S. OFFICIALS ONLY

SEC 1T-CONTRON . S. OFFPALS ONLYpANDERA, Steran indreyevich

. Sources (continued)

.State, O-129, Hamburg, 22 Mereb 1950, Secret.00-1315823, 17 May 1950, Secret/US 0fficia1a Only.

• 21 CIA, SO-32153a, 24 January 1950, Secret/Control-DS Officials Only.2/ A ir FOrce, IR-79-51, Wiesbaden, 7 May 1951, Confidential. •

• 2/ CIA, 00-B-11789, 13 January 1950, Confidential/US Officials Only.12/ CIA/P9-44765x 4 August 1950, Secret/Control-US Officials Only.11/ CIA,-00-B-11050-49, 21 December 1949, Confidential/US Officials Only.

fil2/ CIA, 00-B47884, 14 February 1951, Confidential/US Officials Only.U./ C/A, 0,(143-23299, 8 November 1950, Confidential/NS Officials Only.

.See also: Ital.-Gen. J. ; 1. C. Fuller, *What the Kremlin Fears Most," SaturdayFreniwaggt, 27 October 1951, pp. 25, 115-117..

SECRETONTROL-U S. OFFICIALS ONLY131.T/v05

UWINIAN REoISTANGE AND ITS LEADER, Scotti3h League for European

Freedom, Edinburgh, Ray 1950.

BANDER*, Stepan

Bendera is the son of p Greed-Catholic priest, Andre Bander's.

He Was .born in the Western Ukraine in 1909. His endrgetic chi:ma-E'er

revealed itself in 'his earliest days; his intelligence wrs brilliant,'

and he qualified in, husbandry. Uuring his studies he always belonged •

to the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists,. and became the chief

nouthpi'aCe of the Western Ukrainians. Daring this peri&i and during

the occupation of his . country:by the Bolsheviks,, that is; in 1939; his

task was to organize the revolutionary movement in Ukraine against the

oppressors. After the occupation'of he Western Ukraine, Benders,.

.organized the Army of Resistance, add .cre p ted the opari force which

became, and still is, the 4U.P.14,.the Underground Army, with General:

.Taras Tchuprynka aa. its leader.

Mien; in.,1941, war breke out between Germany end the U.S.S.R.,

Benders, to thwiit the plans. of the Germans as well as the Bolsheviks,

proclaimed the,independence of the Ukraine. At the head'of . the Govern-

ment be pleCed his chief collaborator, Yereslev Stetiko;--who .4.President

of A.B.N..(he -Anti-Bolsnevik Block of Nations). This act surprised the

Germrns, exposing as it did their actual position in-the act, end; in

particular, Ukraine. The Germana liquidated the new Government . by force,

• eneSt'uldern, along with „5'tdtz3e and their colleagues, 'were sent . to the

. 6oncentratiOn camp at Orenienburg.: There they were,deteined till- 1944::In July 1944 there was established, 'under" the . impetus' .givenby

Benders, "The Supreme . Council of Ukrainian Ligeration" :in Which he became one of: the'leading figuretv. The Council. of U,H.W.R. istoday the nucleus of the UkrainianLiber ption NeVement.

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Reference(Migaro,terrvawricsr.3. (10,1CUr...fek.4,1 COXM eta. troppaabf3)'

Source SEE BUM • EvMuation B-1

(mot-44 ww,w,ith-wma.. p-en.ow.„ soon,, 00000,01100 San- m 0 5 ..0 at.r..14,,,,,now4,,, praclkiils, 41a)

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i.Subl,-ct UKRA11E PERSOALITIES ' ll. g

(5 alio. MMIti on) it0oln111. $ s ,:nr In2,0 rail) (S4l0:i141.) ()-.ako my3,0:. 040r1'o. ex., alla

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, t i- 1 - •) : ilit.

•

The head of the Ukrainian Liberation Movement who hasbeen active slaws befqre the commencement of the World War 11 •

- in .19)9 is Stores &ancient. lie is about five feet, four •.inches tall and wies-gLrn.._s,_roJ.tnd the. year_ 1903. Ile is the of aCrook Catholic priest who was exiled by the Soviets to the .

• 'Solovieeid Islands located' in the Artie regions of EuropeanU.S.S.R. Stefan BandortOs father was exiled on 15 May 1941.while two of his three sisters were taken to Siberia. The -third stator, vibe is hunchbacked, still remained in the Przersp.O.-StanislaJoTarnopol Area up to several months ago.

• • , 1%an in'1933 EuEeuIu8z..29laQ,a3 ki3.10,by•tine'-bob In ottordan, Noland, while eond,ctingiuriergroundiotivities for an independent Ukraine, Ste ran Bandera assumedthe 1Fadership of the movement within trrtrilgifiel" ' Men the Germaneentered Poland they made overtures to Sanders, but he fe6..2acdjoin them, lie mas .then imprisoned, by the Someone who produced .a Ukrainian pupget in August 1941 in the figure offlelnik rose and fell . in prestige in keeping with. the fortunes ofwar of the Germans who spansored him; consequently when the -bovietsdrove the Germans hack to Ber,ine ltinik , disupPeared face the . .horizon. In t • e Meantime, dandcra was freed from prisen and

corxnence6 hie underground act,ivities'immediatery, Sined1941,'the year that his father was arrested end, sent to Northern ,•Russia and his sisters sore seat to Siberia .; his,hatred for theCommunists increased. • Re continued his e.ativitBas in organising , . •••the Ukrainians in the area, that was acquired by tj..e • ••after the partition . of Poland by Gammen), and, Rtssia..

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. °P23't (11),AY .3 i '346

iproduction of this niaterial is \.,....... „.•. .

n.g.:411 of the Seivo , ry'of the Phsvy - . . . .

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withk tta meere.c .:' t i...r Ce ,,earrege )et,

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7

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,CrtsttINItito Sy Oashatot ONI:-.AmEreb. ?areal. .ALUSNA MOSCOVI viVOlq,...

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CONFIRMATIONSUPPLEMENT

NO, OF PAGSM 1.ATTACHM ENTS

COUNTRY - Polend/USSR •

.51.12.19:CT Activitise of Sanders

Germany• ORIGINTHEATRE'

URCEstm SOURCE,EVALUATION B-3

—D,

=PET-CONTROLCLASSIFICATION

T' „ IC I A T pipiatv

OFFICE OF STRATEGIC SERVICES

INASHINei0i4. a C.INTELLIGENCE OIEOEMINATION NUMBER A- 61154-a

• ORIGINAL RPT. L-569/f pt.

DATE OF INFO. Early ,Xucust 1945DATE OF RPT. 23 ;ugnst 1945DISTRIBUTED 21 3aptenbor 1945

1. ,,coordiag to'rapatrieted persons, a virtaal ".reign of terror" exists:Seat of the Curon line. A great number ot.tkraininns in this areahave orzcaimed themselves into ”partinan. banis, under the over-allleadership Of Pendera. 'These beads seen to,enJoy in particular the

,terrorization of such Poles as remain in the neighborhood. Accordingone Pole who returned from ph4..s area, a Ipartiean" bond attacked

'his village ono night, burned it and killed Over fifty persona and(about fivu'hundrall hoed oT cattle. Atoug Poles,. the mere mention-ofthe nam.4.3Bandera" invariably bringsourses and imprecatiens: (pss)i'ieid CommentAccording to information received from another reliableinforaant, Sandorn in a youig and . vielcht student who same five- years agobegan opposing the elderly Lelnik OS louler of the 0.U.N. /brgani-zation of Ukrainian Nationalintd. la 1441 he want to Lemberg andproclaibad.ltiriselt hoed of an Ukrainian State, supposedly wf.th'theapproral oT the German General Staff. This caused the Germans greet

• embarresanent, and ho vas instructed to desist,from-furtherToliticel-, activities'unleas giveabfficial approve].. However, he and his

1 :followers began a campaign of terrorimtion,rdirected mainly againstthe followers ' of -which resulted in his errant end confinaramt

•at Klein-Sachsonhausen. telnik was also arrested. Both were later• -released, however, when the '.7ohrmacht andOettinisterium attempted to

build up a strong Ukraine. Band&a,eat be regarded es both anti-Soviet and anti-Gernan. He appears to be continuing 'his campaign Ofviolence since the German -arithdriawal from the Ukraine).

xia Ocament dontedlis 10r0thationefeating: the nationel'dorens% of tbe

, United States Id:thin the moaning oftheEspienege Aot.15C, U. S. C. 31 and''32. ds amended. It transidesten or

•the ravelat.ioia ()Vats caatonts An any

tomer to an unauthorized person idprohibited by ?Ai:.

•

SEGEET4011T20Lcus5tricAroN

U5 ouicilsorLy-,

Iv'1,110 TfleAS. FCA J1CA I. PANAC

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011t-a0L113 tAIRGRAM •DEPARTMENT OF STATE DIVISION OF COMMUNICATIONS AND RECORDS TELEGRAP"

r-

. COUNTRY USSR

DATE OFINFORMATION 1951

• SUBJECT Political - Stepan A. Benders

HOWPUBLISHED Monthly periddidal

.WHEREPUBLISHED New York/Paris

: DATE •

PUBLISHED

Jun - Jul 1951

LANGUAGE

HUssian

11. MU.. CONTAIN, 1...n. Afre.o.only. stnt.s WiTsio f. ...NO Or ACT 110

A. 'or,z, it A..0.511 ...limo lot ...Towor 111 x. mmmmm X TO ...NMI. AMON is roo-t...TOOT of Tom rano ryo.lorte0.

DATE 01ST. • Dec 1951

NO. OF PAGES I-

SUPPLEMENT TOREPORT NO.

THIS IS UNEVALUATED INFORMATION

SOU RCE

SotsiaIisticheskly Vestnik,',..No 6,7, 1951.

STEPAN A. BANDERA AND THE 1941 "UKRAMAN STATE"

Petro Yarovyy-

On 30'June 1941, the'llkrainian fascist and Hitler's professional.spy,Stepan A. Bandera (according to his German appellation, "Consul II"), pro- •

- claimed in L'vov, then occupied by the Germand, the resurrection of theUkrainian State in Western Ukrai' ' The same day a government was formedIpader the designation of the "State GovernmenILwith Yaroslav Stets!ko, Bandera , s dePay, as premier.

S. A. Bandera appeared on the Ukrainian political horizon in June 1934,when, as leader of the OUR (Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists) in West-

. ern Ukraine,' he gave:the order to kill the Polish Minister of the Interior,ferackt. It 16 worthlicting that, although the perpetrator of the act, Grigor2I-

' Matseyko, had not been 'arrested, the Polish police had immediately in its, possession sufficieni data to start a case 'against the leaders of the OUR' With:

Bandera at the head of the list. This indicates that the evidence and'detabearing on the revolutionary'ankterroristic activities of the OUN . had ,not beenreceived from the murderer but from some other source. .

The courageous deportmett of the 23-yearold'ilandera during the trial inWarsaW in 1935 gave him a halo of heroism 'and. made him the herb of the Ukrainian .nationalists in the Western Ukraine and among the emigres.. Bandera 'behaved at

, the time like a fanatical revolutionary nationalist.'

However, many chnnGes took place during the intervening 16 years,

. In 19 1 Q, whet the Germans occupied Warsaw, Benders was released andassumed a role of greater scope, no longer on an ablest scale, but as one of

, the principal leaders of the. CON, which already existed'on . German territory._

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As is well known,. Col Andrey Mel`nik gn Ukrainian, Andriy Mel'nyk7 hadreplaced Col E. Konovalets, chief leader of the GUM, who was killed by aBolshevik agent, Valyukh, in Rotterdam in 1938. Thus, in his struggle fordomination within the GUN, Bandera came face to face with Mel'nik from the start.

It was then that a new' facet of Bandera's personality was revealed -- notthat ofs. revolutionary, even of a fascist type, but a provocateur and Hitleragent.

The German occupation forces atthetiMe needed agents and informers whowere conversant with conditions in Poland and. -could the Hitlerite in-vaders. They could find no better men for the job than Bandera and his followers.

Bandera proceeded with great zeal to carry out Hitler's assignments, underthe guidance of a man who was at once one of the chief directors of Hitler's spysystem, a ,prominent leader of-the GUM, and -- as became known only in 1945 -- animportant Soviet agent. His name was RikoYary. He was an extremely Odd indi-vidual, completely unknown to non-Ukrainian readers, but he played a prominent.rols in the Ukrainian national movement. I-shall have to write about,himseparately at some other time-.

• ' 'While working under the direction of Riko Yary and trying to strengthenhis position among the German invaders, Bandera,launched the campaign which

• was to makehim master of the GUN, To achieve this', he found it:necessary, first,to compromise the old leadership beaded by Mel'nik. His first act was to prefer.

• charges against-the "Polish and Soviet spies" allegedly ensconced in the Main' Administration of the GUN. Yar2a_1•_.avnnoy.skiy., accused of "Polish espionage"

on the basia of documents allegedly found in Polish archives by Riko Yary, wasthe first victim of the campaign.' Next came Col M. Stsiborskiy and sqandron

• leader O. Senik-Gzibovskiy„ who were accused of having "connections . with SoVietagents.. 7• a

Bandera produced no proof of' any kind., What bad been published on the •subTeae'died.'ObViously unsatisfactory, even to the layman. However, no onedemanded.proof. Bancl era's master, the Gestapo, on one hand,' and, the Sovietagency in the person of Riko Yary, on the other; gave him a free hand. A simpledenunciation to the Gestapo was sufficient to cause persons Objectionable toBanderato be arrested and liquidated at his order.. This Was the case, for in-stance, with Turash,..oblast leader of the MN in Western Ukraine,' who had cometo occupied Poland to establish conneetions with the Main Administration of the

•At the same time. Bandera Worked feverishly to get hold, of the leadership

' of the Ukrainian nationalist underground organizations, created in 1939 for the• struggle-against the Bolsheviks- during the Soviet occupation.

Bandera succeeded in all his enterprises. ,He,seized-the,.reins of the OURand became the acknowledged_favorite ' of the Hitlerite authorities, who, prepar-

. ing'for-a war in the Ukraine, were- sufficiently far-eighted to take into account .• the,help that bandera'could render them -there,

_It was not Bandera's•espionage that was important tO Hitler's gauleiters.

•• They needed him as an agent, who would undermine the Ukrainian national.iibera-• tion movement, or as an obedient Police dictator who could suppress the nation. '

alist movements among minorities of Western Ukraine. (Ai was of no use in the--7-',---",Central and eastern °blasts because he was completely unknown there.)

The Hitlerites made no mistake in their calculations. Bendera played his •part to perfection. And when he had done his duty, he and some of his assistantswere dispatched to . s. concentration damp. The Gestapo had its own candidatesthe posts of gauleiters and governors of the Ukraine.

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Bandera stayed at the camp from summer 1941 to fall 1944, when he was freedby the Germans and sent to spy for them during their retreat from the Ukraine.(One could tell a good deal about this period of Bandera's activities.)

Let us return, however, to the "Ukrainien State," founded by Bandera on 30 June 1941. The proclamation of tere--'sse-Otikilace in an atmosphere of"great solemnity, With Hitler's representatives participating. However, no solemnspeeches could hide the shameful fact, which will remain a black spot en thehistory of the Ukrainian movement, that. the first act of the "State Covernment:'headed_byeStets'ko vas an expeession of deepest gratitude to Hitler. Even the

Quisling, whose name has becoMe a synonym for traitor, did not go 'sofat.

Since the support of the OUN alone, or, rather, of thoee:groups in the OUN.which followed Benders, was not sufficient to invest the government of the"Ukrainian State" with the necessary authority, the Benders falsifiers resortedto the fabrication of two false documents; One of.these was produced through theconvocation in Krakow, on the eve of the war, of a special conference of prominentUkrainian leaders, andwas . given the grandiloquent title of "The Consolidation ofAll Ukrainian Political Tendencies-and Common Action for the:Resurrection of the

- Ukrainian State." With Such a platform, it la no wonder that the Banderists wereable to obtain the necessary . Signatures, and the adopted declaration was pre-sented to the nation-as an acknowledgment by all political parties of the rightof the Bandera group to direct the government of the future state-.

The second falsified document was obtained from the generally respected e,Metropolitan, A.Ene.p.1.1Ltels.iy. He was shown the declaration and persuaded toissue an appeal to, the people calling , for support of the "generally recognizedauthorities." (Later, the Metropolitan became convinced-thathe had been"deceived And retracted his appeal.)

What 'yea the Banderist "resurrected Ukraine" like at the time? It-, is hardto find an adequate definition for the "mongrel state" areeted by Bandera andStets i kdunder the sonorous garde of the Ukrainian State. If one were to judgethis . brain child of Bandera even by totalitarian standards, one would find thatthe elements of law and legality, which are present even in totalitarian states,were absent there. However bad and cruel these laws are, they still containsome elements of right and order. There was nothing of the kind in the "king-.&hi" of .Stets'ko and Benders. 'Bloody chaos, utter lawlessness, and the•wildestand most vicious excesses in the treatment of tbe Ukrainian population and, thenational minorities prevailed. Unbridled terrorism was used to force dissenters.to submit to the "leaders." Thousands of people were killed without trial,without investigation, art often, without any apparent cause.' .

. During the first days of Bandera's rule, terror was directed primnri4against the organization headed by. A. Mel'nik. The greeter part of the leadersOf this organization 'were killed, openly or secretly. The brothers Prishlyak.,and pguay others were brutally murdered in Podgaytsyj the above-named Senik and',Stsiborskiy, in Zhitomir,„The assassin was Stepan Enziyeof LyUbeehev,Ukrainian Communist, and. at the same time. one, of the leaders oPBandera's combatdetachments. Then came the-turn:of all Mandera'S opponents among the UkrainianPeople . in general. Finally, the caeional minorities in the Western Ukraine, ,the.Poles and the Jews, were subjected to bloody persecutiot. It is ' difficult to •estimate how many Poles were killed, but some data has been preserved concerningthe number of Jews whc.perfshed. Over 10,000 Jews were destroyed in'a.sirgle"operation" at the border of the Geepathiae.Okeeine. The Bungerienr.4indart66----drove these Jews out from the area which het beet occupied by Hungery withHitler's consent. At the border, they were received by "special" elementahfthe Bandere militia, Which drove the allall of thenen route. Altogether, during the 5 weeks of its existence: the Bandera "state"destroyed over 5,000 Ukrainians, 15,000 Jews, and several thousand Poles.

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The "Ukrainian State" of Stepan Bandera ended its short but ignominiousexistence in August 1.941, when it was announced in L'vov that Western Ukrainehad -beel-inporated as the "District of Galicia" in the "General Governorship"(occupied Poland). And then a "new order," Hitler style, began to be introducedin the Ukraine.

This is, in short, the story of Bander&'s "one-day holiday," which hislowers, relying on people's forgetfu/neos, now try to present as a glorious andheroic page in the hiStory of the Ukrainian liberation movement. In reality, itwould be beet, especially for the supporters of a free Ukraine ., to erase fromthe history of their movement this infamous Hitlerite, fascist episode, whichbrought nothing but shame and sorrow to the Ukraine.

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USSR

77''Ukrainian Groups

BAVDF,RA,'Stefan

F313, June 1, 1950

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'From another source, it was reported that small secret fighting groups .., appeared in Eastern Austria and tried to fight themselves through to1 the American occupation zone in Upper Austria or Bavaria. These peoplenoel]. themselves .'llanderevci' and form a part of the Ukrainian RevolutionarysiArmy. Their operational territory comprises Ukrainian, Polish, and Slovak

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areas, Their leader is Stefan Bandera, a fanatical revolutionary. Hehad spent many years in Polish prisons And .was liberated onlY bor theadvance of the German Wehrmacht. However, ai the'GerEenedid"hot-keep-their promises made to the Ukrainians, Bandera organized anti-German groups. .

On If order, he was arrested after a meeting with the German .High Command and deported to Allenstein in East Prussia, where he waskept until 'the end of the war. THE EXCHANGE PRESS reported that StefanBandcra arrived these days under secret circumstances in Bavaria inorder to urge the Western Powers to support the UErainian revolutionaries.In case the Western Powers would be ready to promise independence forthe Ukraine, Bandera's partisans would fight alongside the Weet against , ;--7.the Soviets. 'During the interview, Benders was guarded by heavily

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of hid car. It is.possible that Bandera is by now in clarmedd bodyguards

movements ofBandera is 41 years old. 'Nobody knows his whereabouts

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BAIMERA, Stepan LP NE 12

E x-January 15, 1952- CONFIDE=1/L)

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STEPAN EA1-41,EHA is the leader of the Handv.,•rap-oup. He resides at present in the American zone in Germany.He is very artixre.

Subject says that he is the leader of anUkrainian undergrouhd movement, but this is held not to becorrect. Konavaritz, the earlier underground leader, was kill'edin Rotterdam en route to the United States. He left'a

—testament asicing that-Melnik-be-made his successor, becausethe latter was a reasonable, moderate man. Source says thatthe German Nazis liave Bandera money and instructions and madehim the leader. So there has since been a fight between Banderaand Melnik.

• Subject is today chief of the Al3N, Anti-Connnunitt

Bloc of Nations, with branches in • Girrnany, England (London),and the -United States. This is of course a:rightist grotto.

Bandera is about /15, and speaks' Germant. Polith, -and Ukrainian. TAhen a student in the University at Lvov,'he belonged to the Ukrainian underground organization whichkilled Polish minister Perovalcy.:He fled to GerinetlY cometipieduring the years 1930-33.

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